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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


fl 
L 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 
Bulletin  100 

VOLUME  5 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  BIOLOGY  OF  THE 

PHILIPPINE  ARCHIPELAGO  AND 

ADJACENT  REGIONS 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  SEAS 
AND  ADJACENT  WATERS 


BY  REN£  KCEHLER 

Professor  of  Zoology  in  the  University  of  Lyon,  Franct. 
[Manuscript  Translated  by  AUSTIN  H.  CLARK] 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1922 


55269— 22— Bull.  1< 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 
UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 

Bulletin  100 

VOLUME  5 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  BIOLOGY  OF  THE 

PHILIPPINE  ARCHIPELAGO  AND 

ADJACENT  REGIONS 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  SEAS 
AND  ADJACENT  WATERS 


BY  REN£  KCEHLER 

Professor  of  Zoology  in  the   University  of  Lyon,  France. 
[Manuscript  Translated  by  AUSTIN  H.  CLARK] 


i» 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1922 


Gift  of  C.  A.  Kofoid 
EARTH 


ADVEETISEMENT. 

The  scientific  publications  of  the  United  States  National  Museum 
consist  of  two  series,  the  Proceedings  and  the  Bulletins. 

The  Proceedings,  the  first  volume  of  which  was  issued  in  1878,  are 
intended  primarily  as  a  medium  for  the  publication  of  original,  and 
usually  brief,  papers  based  on  the  collections  of  the  National  Mu- 
seum, presenting  newly  acquired  facts  in  zoology,  geology,  and 
anthropology,  including  descriptions  of  new  forms  of  animals  and 
revisions  of  limited  groups.  One  or  two  volumes  are  issued  annually 
and  distributed  to  libraries  and  scientific  organizations.  A  limited 
number  of  copies  of  each  paper,  in  pamphlet  form,  is  distributed  to 
specialists  and  others  interested  in  the  different  subjects  as  soon  as 
printed.  The  dates  of  publication  are  recorded  in  the  tables  of  con- 
tents of  the  volumes. 

The  Bulletins,  the  first  of  which  was  issued  in  1875,  consist  of  a 
series  of  separate  publications  comprising  chiefly  monographs  of 
large  zoological  groups  and  other  general  systematic  treaties  (occa- 
sionally in  several  volumes),  faunal  works,  reports  of  expeditions, 
and  catalogues  of  type-specimens,  special  collections,  etc.  The  ma- 
jority of  the  volumes  are  octavos,  but  a  quarto  size  has  been  adopted 
in  a  few  instances  in  which  large  plates  were  regarded  as  indis- 
pensable. 

Since  1902  a  series  of  octavo  volumes  containing  papers  relating 
to  the^  botanical  collections  of  the  Museum,  and  known  as  the  Con- 
tributions from  the  National  Herbarium,  has  been  published  as  bul- 
letins. 

The  present  work  forms  No.  100,  volume  5,  of  the  Bulletin  series. 

WILLIAM  DE  C.  KAVENEL, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary, 
In  charge  of  the  United  States  National  Museum. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  December  2, 198%. 

55269— 22— Bull.  100 n  in 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Paie. 

Introduction 1 

Order  I.  Phrynophiurida 17 

Family  Ophiomyxidae 17 

Ophiomyxa  bengalensis 17 

Ophiomyxa  irregularis 17 

Ophiodera  neglecta 20 

Neoplax  crassipes 22 

Ophiocanops 24 

Ophiocanops  fugiens 26 

Ophiobyrsella  intorta 27 

Ophiophrixus  confinis 30 

Family  Trichasteridae 82 

Astrocharis  virgo 82 

Astroceras  pergamena S3 

Asteronyx  loveni 34 

Family  Gorgonocephalidae 85 

Astrothamnus  deficiens 35 

Order  II.  Loemophiurida 38 

Family  Hemieuryalidae 38 

Ophiomoeris  obstricta 38 

Ophiomoeris  spinosa 40 

Ophiomoeris  tenera 40 

Ophiogyptis  nodosa 40 

Family  Ophiomycetidae 41 

Ophiomyces  delata 41 

Family  Ophiacanthidae 42 

Ophiodyctis 42 

Ophiodyctis  uncinatus 42 

Ophiacantha  benigna 46 

Ophiacantha  composita 46 

Ophiacantha  conf usa 47 

Ophiacantha  dallasii 49 

Ophiacantha  duplex 50 

Ophiacantha  graphica 51 

Ophiacantha  legata 53 

Ophiacantha  longidens 55 

Ophiacantha  pacata 57 

Ophiacantha  pentagona 59 

Ophiacantha  severa 61 

Ophiacantha  vorax 63 

Ophiolimna  perfida 64 

Ophiogema 67 

Ophiogema  punctata 67 

Ophiotreta  eximia 70 

T 


yj  CONTENTS. 

Order  IT.  Loemophiurida— Continued. 
Family  Ophiacanthidae — Continued. 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa 7* 

Ophiotreta  matura 

Ophiotreta  spatuliiera r~ 

Ophiotreta  valenciennesi — 

Ophialcaea  congesta 

Ophientrema  leucostictum 

Ophiotrema  tertium 

Ophiotoma  assimilis 

Ophiomedea   discrepans  — 

Ophiocopa  sirigularis 

Ophiothamnus  venustus 

Ophiurothamnus 

Ophiurothamnus  stultus 

Ophiurothamnus  excavatus 

Ophiomitra  dives 107 

Ophlomitrella  exilis 

Ophiomitrella  sagittata 

Ophiomitrella  subjecta 

Ophioripa 

Ophioripa  marginata 

Ophioripa  nugator 

Ophiothalmus 

Ophiophthalmus  relictus 124 

Ophiophthalmus  suspectus 127 

Ophiomelina 129 

Ophiomelina   placida 130 

Ophioplinthaca  chelys 131 

Ophioplinthaca  globata 132 

Ophioplinthaca  hastata 137 

Ophioplinthaca  pulchra . 140 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis 142 

Ophiocamax  rugosa 147 

Order  III.  Gnathophiurida 151 

Family  Amphiuridae 3  51 

Amphiura  agitata 151 

Amphiura  ambigua . 152 

Amphiura  commutata 152 

Amphiura  dejecta 154 

Amphiura  demissa 156 

Amphiura  diomedeae 158 

Amphiura  grandisquama 159 

Amphiura  uncinata 160 

Amphiura  vadicola 161 

Amphipholis  kochii 163 

Amphipholis  loripes 164 

Amphipholis  misera 165 

Amphiodia  crassa 167 

Amphiodia  debita 168 

Amphioplus  legatus 169 

Amphioplus  conductus 172 

Amphioplus  impressus 174 


CONTENTS.  VII 

Order  III.  Gnathophiurida— Continued. 

Family  Amphiuridae — Continued. 

Amphioplus  lucidus 176 

Amphioplus  luctator 178 

Amphioplus  relictus 179 

Amphioplus  rhadinobrachius — •  -183 

Amphilimna  multispina 183 

Ophiactis  affinis 186 

Ophiactis  definita 187 

Ophiactis  maculosa 190 

Ophiactis  profundi 192 

Ophiactis  savignyi 193 

Ophiopholis  mirabilis 195 

Ophiocentrus  aculeatus 196 

Ophiocentrus  asper 199 

Ophiocentrus  vexator 200 

Family  Amphilepidne 202 

Amphilepis  protecta 202 

Amphilepis  remittens 202 

Ainphiactis  duplicata 204 

Family  Ophiotrichidae. 205 

Ophlothrix  aristulata 205 

Ophiothrix  armata , 208 

Ophiothrix  aspidota 209 

Ophiothrix  bellax 211 

Ophiothrix  capillaris 214 

Ophiothrix  coronata 217 

Ophiothrix  crassispina 218 

Ophiothrix  cumulata 220 

Ophiothrix  deceptor 225 

Ophiothrix  elegans 227 

Ophiothrix  exigua 228 

Ophiothrix  expedita 229 

Ophiothrix  expedita,  var.  rhabdota 230 

Ophiothrix  galatheae 233 

Ophiothrix  hirsuta 234 

Ophiothrix  longipeda 235 

Ophiothrix  foveolata 238 

Ophiothrix  hybrida 239 

Ophiothrix  infirma 241 

Ophiothrix  koreana 242 

Ophiothrix  lepida 246 

Ophiothrix  marenzelleri 248 

Ophiothrix  marten-si 250 

Ophiothrix  melanosticta 251 

Ophiothrix  nereidina 252 

Ophiothrix  pavida 252 

Ophiothrix  plana , 255 

Ophiothrix  propinqua 256 

Ophiothrix  prostrata 257 

Ophiothrix  proteus 260 

Ophiothrix  purpurea 261 


CONTENTS. 

Order  III.  Gnathophiurida — Continued. 

Family  Ophiotrichidae — Continued. 

Ophiothrix  pnsilla -62 

Ophiothrix  signata 263 

Ophiothrix  spinosissima 266 

Ophiothrix  stelligera 267 

Ophiothrix  striolata 277 

Ophiothrix  trilineata 270 

Ophiothrix  vitrea 279 

Ophiogymna  elegans 281 

Ophiogymna*  fulgeus 

Ophiogymna  funesta 292 

Ophiogymna  pulchella 295 

Ophiocnemis  marmorata 296 

Ophiothela  danae 297 

Ophiothela  vincula 298 

Ophiomaza  cacaotica 299 

Ophiomaza  fusca 299 

Ophiopteron  elegans 301 

Ophiopteron  gratum 302 

Ophiopteron  puncto-coeruleum 305 

Order  IV.    Chilophiurida — — 305 

Family  Ophiochitonidae 305 

Ophiochiton  fastigatus 305 

Ophionereis  dubia -_  310 

Ophionereis  semoni 310 

Ophiodoris  contrarius 310 

Ophiodoris  malignus 311 

Family  Ophiocomidae— 311 

Ophiocomina 31ft 

Ophiocoma  brevipes 319 

Ophiocoma  erinaceus 322 

Ophiocoma  lineolata 324 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina 325 

Ophiocoma  wendtii 328 

Ophiomastix  annulosa ! 329 

Ophiomastix  flaccida 330 

Ophiomastix  liitken « 330 

Ophiomastix  mixta 330 

Ophiomastix  venosa 331 

Ophiarthrum  elegans 331 

Family  Ophiodermatidae 331 

Ophiarachna  quinquespinosa 331 

Pectinura  aequalis 337 

Pectinura  yoldii 338 

Ophiopezella  spinosa 338 

Ophiarachnella  gorgonia 339 

Ophiarachnella  honorata— _, 340 

Ophiarachnella  infernalis 341 

Ophiarachnella  nitens 341 

Bathypectinura  conspicua 342 


CONTENTS.  IX 

Order  IV.  Chilophiurida— Continued. 

Family  Ophiodermatidae — Continued. 

Cryptopelta  tecta 350 

Ophiurodon  cinctus 351 

Ophiurodon  permixtus 352 

Family  Ophiolepididae _^__  352 

Ophiopyrgus  planulatus 355 

Ainphiophiura  canaliculata 357 

Amphiophiura  fastigiata 359 

Ainphiophiura  improba 362 

Amphiophiura  insolita 362 

Amphiophiura  paupera 363 

Amphiophiura  radiata 363 

Amphiophiura  sculptilis 364 

Amphiophiura  sordida 364 

Amphiophiura  spatulifera 365 

Amphiophiura  stellata 369 

Stegophiura  sladeni 369 

Stegophiura   sterilis 370 

Ophiura  aequalis 373 

Ophiura  Clemens 374 

Ophiura  flagellata 375 

Ophiura  fluctuans 377 

Ophiura  irrorata 380 

Ophiura  kinbergi 381 

Ophiura  micrantha 383 

Ophiura  initescens .__  383 

Ophiura  sarsi 386 

Homalophiura  inflata 386 

Homalophiura  inornata 387 

Ophiocten  hastatum 388 

Ophiomusium  altum 389 

Ophiomusium  armatum 389 

Ophiomusium  elegans 391 

Ophiomusium  facetum 394 

Ophiomusium  facundum 398 

Ophiomusium  fiinbriatum 403 

Ophiomusium  impotens 406 

Ophiomusium  ligatum 408 

Ophiomusium  lunare 410 

Ophiomusium  lymani 411 

Ophiomusium  morio 413 

Ophiomusium  properum 416 

Ophiomusium  relictum 416 

Ophiomusium  scalare 417 

Ophiomusium  simplex 417 

Ophiomusium  spinulosum 418 

Ophiolipus  granulatus 421 

Ophioceramis  declinans 421 

Ophiozonella  bispinosa 422 

Ophiozonella  casta 423 

Ophiozonella  media 424 


X  CONTENTS. 

Order  IV.  Chilophiurida — Continued. 
Family  Ophiolepididae — Continued. 

Ophiozonella  molesta 425 

Ophiozonella  subtilis 428 

Ophiozonoida  obscura 431 

Ophiomidas  reductum 434 

Ophiolepis  annulosa 434 

Ophiolepis  irregularis 434 

Ophioplocus  imbricatus 435 

Family   Ophioleucidae 436 

Ophiocirce  inutilis 436 

Ophiopallas  paradoxa 436 

Ophiopallas  valens 437 

Ophiernus  adspersus 440 

List  of  stations,  with  species  found  at  each 442 

Bibliography 448 

List  of  type  specimens 452 

Explanation  of  plates 453 

Index__  481 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  SEAS  AND 
ADJACENT  WATERS 


By  RENE  KCEHLER, 

Professor  of  Zoology  in  the  University  of  Lyon,  France. 
[Manuscript  translated  by  Austin  H.  Clark.] 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  United  States  National  Museum  has  been  so  kind  as  to  entrust 
to  me  for  study  the  important  collection  of  ophiurans  brought  to- 
gether by  the  United  States  Fisheries  steamer  Albatross  in  the  course 
of  her  investigations  among  the  Philippine  Islands  during  the  years 
1907-1910.  First  of  all  I  wish  to  thank  my  colleagues  of  the  National 
Museum  for  the  honor  which  they  have  done  me  in  requesting  me  to 
undertake  this  work,  and  at  the  same  time  I  wish  again  to  apologize 
to  them  for  the  unavoidable  delay  in  submitting  my  report.  I  had 
hoped  that  it  would  be  finished  in  1915,  but  the  terrible  events  which 
have  occurred  since  1914  have  made  that  impossible. 

The  collection  sent  to  me  included,  in  addition  to  the  ophiurans 
collected  in  the  Philippines,  several  species  from  Japan  and  a  few 
specimens  from  the  Samoan  Islands ;  these  last  I  have  included  with 
the  first. 

The  total  number  of  species  represented  is  considerable,  there  being 
no  less  than  227,  of  which  68  are  new,  including  representatives  of  5 
new  genera. 

The  interest  attaching  to  the  collection  arises  not  alone  from  the 
rather  large  proportion  of  new  forms,  but  quite  as  much  from  the 
presence  among  those  already  known  of  a  number  of  species  hitherto 
insufficiently  described  and  poorly  figured.  I  have  taken  advantage 
of  this  opportunity  to  redescribe  these  in  detail. 

The  plates  are  made  up  of  photographic  figures  exclusively.  The 
further  one  advances  in  the  study  of  systematic  zoology  the  more  one 
becomes  convinced  of  the  importance,  I  may  even  say  the  necessity, 
of  reproducing  photographically  the  objects  themselves,  and  not  con- 
tenting oneself  with  drawings,  which  are  inevitably  more  or  less 
schematic  and  can  not  give  a  rigorously  exact  idea  of  the  general 
appearance  of  the  species.  It  has  appeared  to  me  advisable  in  many 
cases  not  to  limit  myself  to  photographing  a  single  specimen,  and  I 
55269— 22— Bull.  100 1  1 


2  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

have  therefore  included  figures  of  several,  so  that  perhaps  it  may  be 
found  that  I  have  gone  a  little  too  far  in  some  instances.  In  as- 
sembling the  illustrations  I  have  paid  particular  attention  to  the 
species  of  Ophiothrix;  I  have  hoped  thus  to  render  a  service  to  my 
colleagues  in  indicating  the  very  considerable  variations  met  with  in 
this  genus  within  which  specific  differentiation  is  exceptionally  diffi- 
cult. 

The  representation  of  complete  specimens,  or  at  least  of  the  entire 
disk  together  with  some  of  the  arms  for  a  greater  or  lesser  part  of 
their  length,  seems  to  me  indispensable  in  order  to  give  an  exact  idea 
of  any  ophiuran.  In  most  of  the  memoirs  in  which  I  have  figured 
ophiurans  by  means  of  plates  drawn  by  myself  and  reproduced 
lithographically  I  have  followed  the  example  of  Lyman,  who  repre- 
sented the  species  merely  by  the  portion  of  the  disk  included  between 
two  arms,  together  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  latter.  Obviously, 
this  method  is  convenient,  and,  above  all,  economical,  but  these  in- 
complete figures  do  not  give  a  sufficiently  comprehensive  idea  of  the 
animals,  and  I  therefore  definitely  abandoned  it  some  years  ago. 

It  has  appeared  advisable  to  include  a  certain  number  of  photo- 
micrographs representing  the  club  spines,  granules,  etc.,  which  occur 
upon  the  disks  of  various  ophiurans,  particularly  of  the  families 
Ophiacanthidae  and  Ophiotrichidae,  and  which  often  assume  char- 
acteristic shapes.  I  have  also  included  some  photographs  of  the  arm 
spines  of  the  species  of  Ophiotrichidae,  particularly  of  the  first  ven- 
tral arm  spine,  of  which  the  hooklike  form  shows  interesting  varia- 
tions. 

The  following  species  are  represented  in  the  collection ;  new  species 
are  given  in  small  capitals : 

Order  I.  PHRYNOPHIURIDA 

Family  OPHIOMYXIDAE  Ljnnjmian.  I860. 

. 

Ophiomyxa  bengalenms  Koehler. 
Ophiomyxa  irregularis  Koehler. 
Ophiodera  neglecta  Koehler. 
NEOPLAX  CRASSIPES,  new  species. 
OPHIOCANOPS  FUGIENS,  new  genus  and  species. 
OPHIOBYRSET.LA  INTOBTA,  new  specios. 
OPHIOPHRIXUS  CONFINIS,  new  species. 

Family  TRICHASTERIDAE  Doderlein.  1911  (emended  Matsuinoto,  1915). 
Astrocharis  virgo  Koehler. 
Astrocera*  pergamena  Lyman. 
Asteronyx  loveni  Mtiller  and  Troschel. 

Family  GORGONOCEPHALIDAE  Doderlein,  1911. 

ASTROTHAMNTTS    DKFTCIKNS.    new 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS. 


• 

Order  II.  LOEMOPHIURIDA. 
Family   HEMIEURYALIDAE  Verrill,  1899    (emended   Matsumoto,   1915). 

Ophiomoeris  obstricta   (Lyman). 
Ophiomoeris  spinosa  Koehler. 
Ophiomoeris  tenera  Koehler. 
Ophiogyptis  nodosa  Koehler. 

Family    OPHIOMYCETIDAE  Verrill,    1899. 
Ophiomyces  delata  Koehler. 

Family  OPHIACANTHIDAE  Verrill,  1899. 

OPHIODYCTIS  UNCINATUS,  new  genus  and  species. 
OPHIACANTHA  BENIGN  A,  new  species. 
Ophiacantha  composita  Koehler. 
Ophiacantha  confusa  Koehler. 
Ophiacantha  dallasii  Duncan. 
Ophiacantha  duplex  Koehler. 
OPHIACANTHA  GRAPHICA,  new  species. 
OPHIACANTHA  LEGATA,  new  species. 
Ophiacantha  longidens  Lyman. 
OPHIACANTHA  PACATA,  new  species. 
Ophiacantha  pentagona  Koehler. 
OPHIACANTHA  SEVEKA,  new  species. 
Ophiacantha  vorax  Koehler. 
OphioUmna  perflda   (Koehler). 
OPHIOGEMA  PUNCTATA,  new  genus  and  species. 
Ophiotreta  eximia  (Koehler). 
Ophiotreta  gratiosa   (Koehler). 
Ophiotreta  matura   (Koehler). 
OPHIOTRETA  SPATULIFERA,  new  species. 
Ophiotreta  valcncienncsi  (Lyman). 
Ophialcaea  congesta  (Koehler). 
Ophientrema  leucostictum   (H.  L.  Clark). 
OPHIOTREMA  TERTIUM,  new  species. 
Ophiotoma  assimilis  Koehler. 
OPHIOMEDEA  DISCBEPANS,  new  species. 
OPHIOCOPA  SINGULARIS,  new  species. 
Ophiothamnus  venustus  Matsumoto. 
Ophiurothamnus  stultus  (Koehler). 
OPHIUROTHAMNUS  EXCAVATUS,  new  species. 
OPHIOMITRA  DIVES,  new  species. 
OPHIOMITRELLA  EXILIS,  new  species. 
OPHIOMITRELLA  SAGITTATA,  new  species, 
OPHIOMITRELLA  SUBJECTA,  new  species. 
OPHIORIPA  MARGINATA,  new  genus  and  species. 
OPHIORIPA  NTJGATOR,  new  species. 
Ophiophthalmus  relictus  (Koehler). 
OPHIOPHTHALMUS  SUSPECTUS,  new  species. 
OPHIOMELINA  PLACIDA  (Koehler),  new  genus. 
Ophioplinthaca  chclys  (Lyman). 


BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIOPLINTHACA  GLOBATA,  new  species. 
OPHIOPLINTHACA  HASTATA,  new  species. 
Ophioplinthaca  pulchra  Koehler. 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis  Koehler. 
,     Ophiocamax  rugosa  Kcehler. 

Order  III.  GNATHOPHIURIDA. 
Family  AMPHIURIDAE  Ljungman,  1867  (emended  Matsumoto,  1915). 

Amphiura  agitato,  Koehler. 
Amphiura  amMgua  Koehler. 
AMPHIUBA  COMMUTATA,  new  species. 
AMPHIUBA  DEJECTA,  new  species. 
AMPHIURA  DIMESSA,  new  species. 
Amphiura  diomcdcac  Liitken  and  Mortensen. 
Amphiura  grandisquama  Lyman. 
Amphiura  uncinata  Koehler. 
Amphiura  vadicola,  Matsumoto. 
AmphiphoUs  kochii  Liitken. 
AMPHIPHOLIS  LOBIPES,  new  species. 
Amphipholis  misera  (Koehler). 
Amphiodia  crassa  (Koehler). 
AMPHIODIA  DEBITA,  new  species. 
AMPHIOPLUS  LEGATUS,  new  species. 
AMPHIOPLUS  CONDUCTUS,  new  species. 
Amphioplus  imprcssus  (Ljungman). 
AMPHIOPLUS  LUCIDUS,  new  species. 
AMPHIOPLUS  LUCTATOR,  new  species. 
Amphioplus  relictns  (Koehler). 
Amphioplus  rhadinobrachius  H.  L.  Clark. 
AMPHILIMNA  MULTISPINA,  new  species. 
Ophiactis  afflnis  Duncan. 
OPHIACTIS  DEFINITA,  new  species. 
Ophiactis  maculosa  Martens. 
Ophiactis  profundi  Liitken  and  Mortensen. 
Ophiactis  savignyi  (Miiller  and  Troschel). 
Ophiopholis  mirabilis  (Duncan). 
Ophiocentrus  aculeatus  Ljungman. 
Ophiocentrus  aspcr  (Koehler). 
OPHIOCENTRUS  VEXATOR,  new  species. 

Family  AMPHILEPIDAB  Matsumoto,  1915. 

Amphilepis  protecta  Kcehler. 
AMPHILEPIS  REMITTENS,  new  species. 
Amphiactis  duplicata  (Lyman). 

Family  OPHIOTRICHIDAE  Ljungman,  1867. 

Ophiothrix  aristulata  Lyman. 
Ophiothrix  armata  Koehler. 
Ophiothrix  aspidota  Mtiller  and  Troschel. 
OPHIOTHRIX  BELLAX,  new  species. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris  Lyman. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS. 

Ophiothrix  coronata  Kcehler. 
Ophiothrix  crassispina  Koehler. 
OPPIIOTHEIX  CUMULATA,  new  species. 
OPHIOTHKTX  DECEPTOE,  new  species. 
Ophiothrix  elegans  Liitken. 
Ophiothrix  exigua  Lyman. 
Ophiothrix  expedita  Koehler. 
Ophiothrix  gelatheae  Ltitken. 
Ophiothrix  hirsuta  Miiller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiothrix  longipeda  (Lamarck). 
Ophiothrix  foveolata  Marktanner. 
Ophiothrix  hybrida  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiothrix  infirma  Kcehler. 
Ophiothrix  koreana  Duncan. 
Ophiothrix  lepida  de  Loriol. 
Ophiothrix  marenzelleri  Koehler. 
Ophiothrix  martensi  Lyman. 
Ophiothrix  melanosticta  Grube. 
Ophiothrix  nereidina  (Lamarck). 
OPHIOTHRIX  PAVIDA,  new  species. 
Ophiothrix  plana  Lyman. 
Ophiothrix  propinqua  Lyman. 
OPHIOTHRIX  PROSTRATA,  new  species. 
Ophiothrix  proteus  Koehler. 
Ophiothrix  purpurea  von  Martens. 
Ophiothrix  pusilla  Lyman. 
OPHIOTHRIX  SIGN  ATA,  new  species. 
OpJiiothrix  xpinosissima  Koehler. 
Ophiothrix  stelligera  Lyman. 
Ophiothrix  striolata  Grube. 
Ophiothrix  trilineata  Liitken. 
Ophiogymna  elegans  Ljungman. 
Ophiogymna  fulgens  (Koehler). 
OPHIOGYMNA  FUNESTA,  new  species. 
Ophiogymna  pulchella  (Koehler). 
Ophiocnemis  marmorata  (Lamarck). 
Opliiomaza  cacaotica  Lyman. 
OPHIOMAZA  FUSCA,  new  species. 
Ophiothela  danae  Verrill. 
Ophiothe.la  vincula  Mortensen. 
Ophiopteron  elegans  Ludwig. 
OPHIOPTERON  GRATUM,  new  species. 
Ophiopteron  puncto-coeruleutn  Koehler. 

Order  IV.  CHILOPHIURDA. 
Family  OPHIOCHITONIDAE  Matsumoto,  1915. 

Ophiochiton  fastigatus  Lyman. 
Ophionereis  dubia  (Miiller  and  Troschel). 
Ophionereis  semoni  (Doderlein). 
Ophiodoris  contrarius  Koehler. 
Ophiodoris  malignus  Koehler. 


BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM, 
Family   OPHIOCOMIDAE   Ljungman,   1867. 

Ophiocoma  brcvipes  Peters. 
Ophiocoma  erinaceus  Miiller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiocoma  lineolata  Muller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiocoma  scotopendrina  (Lamarck). 
Ophiocoma  wendtii  Muller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiomastix  annulosa  (Lamarck). 
Ophiomastix  flaccida  Lyman. 
Ophiomastix  lutkeni  Pfeffer. 
Ophiomastix  mixta  Liitken. 
Ophiomastix  venosa  Peters. 
Ophiarthrum  elegans  Peters. 

Family   OPHIODERMATIDAE   Ljungman,    1S07. 

OPHIABACHNA  QUINQUESPINOSA.  new  species. 
Pectinura  yoldii  (Liitken). 
Pcctinura  aequalis  (Lyman). 
Ophiopezella  spinosa  (Ljungman). 
Ophiarachnella  gorgonia  (Muller  and  Troschel). 
Ophiarachnclla  honorata  (Koehler). 
Ophiarachnella  infernalis  (Muller  and  Troschel). 
Ophiarachnella  nit  ens  (Koehler). 
Bathypcctinura  conspicua  (Kcehler). 
OKYPTOPELTA  TECTA,  new  species. 
Ophiurodon  cinctus  (Koahler). 
Ophiurodon  permixttts  (Koehler). 

Family  OPHIOLEPIDIDAE  Ljungman,  18(»7. 

OPHIOPYRGUS  PLANULATUS,  new  species. 
AMPHIOPHIUBA  CANALICTJLATA,  new  species. 
AMPHIOPHIUBA  FASTIGIATA,  new  species. 
Amphiophiura  improba  (Koahler). 
Amphiophiura  insolita  (Koehler). 
Amphiophiura  paupera  (Koehler). 
Amphiophiura  radiata  (Lyman). 
Amphiophiura  sculptilis  (Lyman). 
Amphiophiura  sordida  (Koehler). 
AMPHIOPHIUBA  SPATULIFEEA,  new  species. 
Amphiophiura  stellata  (Studer). 
Stegophiura  sladeni  (Duncan). 
STEGOPHIUBA  STEBILIS,  new  species. 
Ophiura  aequatts  Lyman. 
Ophiura  clemens  Koehler. 
Ophiura  flagellata  Lyman. 
OPHIURA  FLUCTUANS,  new  species. 
Ophiura  irrorata  Lyman. 
Ophiura  kinbergi  Lyman. 
Ophiura  micrantha  H.  L.  Clark. 
OPHIURA  MITESCENS,  new  species. 
Ophiura  sarsii  Liitken. 
Homalophiura  inflata  (Koehler). 
Homalophiura  inornata  (Lyman). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.  7 

Ophiocten  hastatum  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  altum  (Koehler). 
OPHIOMUSIUM  ARMATUM,  new  species. 
Ophiomusium  elegans  Kcehler. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  FACETUM,  new  species. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  FACUNDUM,  new  species. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  FIMBRIATUM,  new  species. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  IMPOTENS,  new  species. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  LIGATUM,  new  species. 
Ophiomusium  lunare  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  lymani  Wyville  Thomson. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  MORIO,  new  species. 
Ophiomusium  properum  Kcehler. 
Ophiomusium  relictum  Kcehler. 
Ophiomusium  scalare  Lyman. 
Ophiomusium  simplex  Lyman. 
OPHIOMUSIUM  SPINULOSUM,  new  species. 
Ophiolipus  granulatus  Lyman. 
Ophioceramis  declinans  Koehler. 
Ophiozonella  oispinosa  (Kcehler). 
Ophiozonella  casta  (Kcehler). 
Ophiozonella  media  (Kcehler. 
Ophiozonella  molesta  (Kcehler). 
OPHIOZONELLA  SUBTILIS,  new  species. 
OPHIOZONOIDA  OBSCURA,  new  species. 
Ophiomidas  reductum  Koehler. 
Ophiolepis  annulosa  Muller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiolepis  irregularis  Brock. 
Ophioplocus  imoricatus  Muller  and  Troschel. 

Family  OPHIOLEUCIDAE  Matsumoto,  1915. 

Ophiodrce  inutilis  Kcehler. 
Ophiopallas  paradoxa  Kcehler. 
OPHIOPALLAS  VALENS,  new  species. 
Ophiernus  adspersus  Lyman. 

In  the  preceding  list  I  have  followed  the  classification  proposed 
by  Matsumoto  in  1915  ('15  [1],  pp.  43-92)  in  a  memoir  which,  though 
short,  is  most  noteworthy  and  abounding  in  far-reaching  observa- 
tions. The  same  classification  was  adopted  by  Dr.  Hubert  Lyman 
Clark  in  his  beautiful  memoir  entitled  "  Catalogue  of  Recent  Ophiu- 
rans,"  which  also  bears  the  date  1915.  This  work  being  destined  to 
be  the  reference  work — and  an  exceedingly  convenient  one — for  all 
those  who  are  engaged  in  studying  the  ophiurans  I  shall  follow  the 
classification  therein  used.  However,  as  my  views  differ  in  various 
matters  of  detail  from  those  of  the  learned  American  zoologist,  a  few 
words  of  explanation  are  necessary,  and  at  the  same  time  it  appears 
to  me  advisable  also  to  make  a  few  remarks  in  regard  to  the  classifi- 
cation proposed  by  Matsumoto,  in  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  thought  it 
necessary  to  introduce  some  slight  modifications. 


8  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Regarding  these  suggestions  I  may  say  that  in  general  they  are 
of  purely  secondary  importance  and  do  not  affect  the  broad  lines  of 
the  classification  established  by  Matsumoto.  It  is  also  fair  to  men- 
tion that  H.  L.  Clark  stated  that  if  his  classification  differed  from 
that  of  Matsumoto  it  was  not  at  all  because  he  had  found  the  latter 
at  fault.  I  quote  his  own  words : 

It  must  not  be  inferred  that  in  those  instances  where  I  have  not  followed 
Matsumoto  I  indicate  a  belief  that  he  is  wrong.  It  merely  shows  that  I  have 
not  yet  satisfied  myself  as  to  the  relationships  of  certain  genera  and  species. 
In  these  cases,  notably  in  regard  to  the  genus  Ophioconis  and  its  allies,  the 
evidence  is  perplexing  and  more  light  is  necessary  ('15,  pp.  165,  166). 

Matsumoto  has  elaborated  his  conclusions  in  a  magnificent  work 
published  in  1917,  entitled  "A  Monograph  of  Japanese  Ophiuroidea 
Arranged  According  to  a  New  Classification,"1  which  reached  me 
just  as  I  was  about  to  send  my  report  to  Washington.  I  have  thus 
not  been  able  to  make  use  of  it  in  the  preparation  of  this  memoir, 
begun  three  years  previously,  though  I  have  been  able  to  insert  in 
the  text  the  bibliographical  references,  as  well  as  some  notes  on  dif- 
ferent points  on  which  I  am  not  entirely  in  accord  with  the  learned 
Japanese  naturalist. 

Matsumoto  divided  the  ophiurans  into  two  primary  classes,  namely : 
(EGOPHIUROIDA,  including  only  fossil  forms  with  an  external  ambu- 

lacral  groove  and  without  ventral  arm  plates,  and 
MTOPHIUROIDA,  without  an  external  ambulacral  groove  and  with 
ventral  arm  plates,  including  certain  paleozoic  species  and  all 
known  living  forms. 
The  latter  is  divided  into  four  orders : 
PHRYNOPHIURIDA,  with  three  families: 
Ophiomyxidae. 
Trichasteridae. 
Gorgonocephalidae. 
LAEMOPHIURIDA,  with  two  families : 
Hemieuryalidae. 
Ophiacanthidae. 

GNATHOPHIUKIDA,  with  three  families: 
Amphiuridae. 
Amphilepididae. 
Ophiotrichidae. 

CHILOPHIURIDA,  with  five  families: 
Ophiochitonidae. 
Ophiocomidae. 
Ophiodermatidae. 
Ophiolepididae. 
Ophioleucidae. 


»Journ.  Coll.  Scl.,  Imp.  Univ.  Tokyo,  vol.  38.  art.  2. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.  9 

In  regard  to  these  four  orders  and  to  the  several  families  which 
are  assigned  to  them  I  have  the  following  remarks  to  make : 

1.  PHRYNOPHIURIDA. — Matsumoto    has    retained    in    his    family 
Ophiomyxidae   the   genus    Ophiodera  which   was   separated   from 
Ophiomyxa  in  1899  by  Verrill.    H.  L.  Clark  did  not  admit  the.  dis- 
tinctness of  Ophiodera,  but  placed  in  the  genus  Ophiomyxa  both  the 
species  in  which  there  exists  a  border  of  plates  at  the  periphery  of 
the  disk  and  those  in  which  such  a  border  is  absent. 

2.  LOEMOPITIURIDA. — The  subfamily  Ophiochondrinae   of  Matsu- 
moto includes  the  three  genera  Ophiochoiidrus,  Ophiomoeris,  and 
Ophiogyptis.    H.  L.  Clark  has  recognized  the  genus  O  phiochondrella 
of  Verrill,  1899,  which  Matsumoto  does  not  mention.     Instead  of 
placing  in  the  genus  Ophiomoeris,  0.  obstricta  Kcehler,  as  I  had  done 
in  1904,  Clark  retained  the  genus  Ophiurases,  which  he  believed  was 
established  in  1911  for  this  species,  forgetting  the  previous  erection 
of  the  genus  Ophiomoeris.    But  Matsumoto  in  his  memoir  of  1915  had 
formally  indicated  that  Ophiurases  obstrictus  is  merely  a  synonym 
of  Ophiomoeris  obstricta  Kcehler. 

Matsumoto  placed  in  the  family  Ophiacanthidae  the  genera  Ophio- 
tholia  and  Ophiomyces,  which  are  here  associated  with  numerous 
other  genera,  such  as  Ophiacantha,  Ophiomitra,  Ophiocamax,  etc.  I 
propose  to  retain  for  these  two  genera,  which  differ  so  markedly  from 
all  the  other  types  placed  in  the  family  Ophiacanthidae,  as  Verrill 
showed  in  1899,  the  family  Ophiomycetidae  established  by  the  latter. 
In  the  preceding  list  I  have  therefore  separated  Ophiomyces  delata 
from  the  other  ophiacanthids  and  placed  it  in  a  separate  family. 

The  genus  Ophiohelus,  which  Verrill  made  the  type  of  the  family 
Ophiohelidae,  Matsumoto  placed  in  the  Ophiomyxinae.  This  dis- 
position appears  to  me  to  be  quite  correct. 

3.  GNATHOPHIURIDA. — This  order  was  divided  by  Matsumoto  into 
three  families — Amphilepididae,  Amphiuridae,  and  Ophiotriehidae. 
The  first  includes,  together  with  the  genera  Amphilepis  and  Ophio- 
chytra,  a  new  genus  established  by  Matsumoto,  Amphiactis,  of  which 
the  type  is  A.  umbonata.     In  addition  Matsumoto  places  here  the 
various  species  previously  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiactis,  which 
possess  four  or  five  mouth  papillae — O.  canescens  Lyman,  O.  duplicata 
Lyman,  O.  patula  Lyman,  O.  partita  Koehler,  O.  dissidens  Kcehler, 
and  O.  parata  Kcehler.    H.  L.  Clark  has  not  recognized  the  family 
Amphilepididae;  he  places  the  six  species  just  mentioned  some  in  the 
genus  Ophiactis  and  others  in  the  genus  Amphiura,  and  he  places  the 
genus  Amphilepis  in  the  family  Amphiuridae. 

Personally  I  have  considered  it  best  to  maintain  the  family 
Amphilepididae,  for  I  believe  that  the  characters  invoked  by  Mat- 
sumoto in  its  creation,  which  relate  principally  to  the  structure  of 


10  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  mouth  parts,  are  in  reality  of  great  significance.  Moreover,  it 
must  be  recognized  that  the  species  assigned  by  Matsumoto  to  his 
genus  Amphiactis  have  external  characters  which  in  no  way  accord 
with  those  of  the  genera  Amphiura  (taken  in  the  broad  sense)  and 
Ophiactis,  between  which  they  were  distributed. 

In  mentioning  the  several  genera  which  he  places  in  the  subfamily 
Amphiuririae  Matsumoto  notes  "Amphiura,  including  Ophioneph- 
thys" and  also  "  Ophwcentrus,  including  Amphiocnida"  He  be- 
lieves, therefore,  that  the  species  of  the  genus  Ophionephthys  should 
be  placed  in  the  genus  Amphiura,  and  those  of  the  genus  Amphi- 
ocnida  in  the  genus  Ophiocentrus. 

H.  L.  Clark  has  not  adopted  this  point  of  view,  maintaining  as 
distinct  the  genera  Amphiocnida  ('15,  p.  236)  and  Ophionephthys 
(p.  239).  I  shall  have  occasion  to  revert  to  this  subject  when  I  dis- 
cuss Amphiura  vadicola  and  Ophiocentrus  aculeatus. 

4.  CHILOPHIURIDA. — The  observations  which  I  have  to  offer  con- 
cern the  families  Ophiolepididae  and  Ophiodermatidae,  more  par- 
ticularly the  old  genera  Ophiura  and  Ophioconis. 

Not  only  am  I  adopting  the  divisions  established  by  Matsumoto, 
but  from  now  on  I  shall  use  the  name  Ophiura  in  place  of  Ophio- 
glypha, which  I  have  always  used  heretofore  in  order  to  be  in  agree- 
ment with  the  nomenclature  which  echinologists  are  now  using  and 
which  H.  L.  Clark  has  adopted  in  his  "  Catalogue."  I  should  state, 
however,  that  in  using  the  name  Ophioglypha  as  I  did  I  had  hoped 
primarily  to  avoid  misconceptions.  It  is  agreed  that  the  rule  of 
priority  requires  the  use  of  the  name  Ophiura,  but  everyone  knows 
that  sometimes  exceptions  must  be  made  to  the  strict  application  of 
the  rule  if  it  is  not  to  lead  to  impossible  or  even  ridiculous  results 
(see  the  remarks  published  by  Mortensen  in  1910  and  1911  regarding 
the  strict  application  of  the  rule  of  priority  to  the  echinoderms). 

I  have  always  believed,  and  still  do,  that  it  would  be  better  to 
set  aside  the  rule  of  priority  than  to  introduce  fundamental  changes 
in  the  nomenclature.  The  substitution  of  the  name  Ophiura  for 
Ophioglypha  would  for  a  time  create  confusion,  as  many  authors, 
Lyman  for  example,  have  used  Ophiura  as  a  synonym  of  Ophio- 
derma.  Such  use  runs  back  for  a  very  considerable  time,  and  since 
1882  Ophiura,  when  it  has  been  used,  has  appeared  more  commonly 
as  a  synonym  of  Ophioglypha  than  as  a  synonym  of  Ophioderma. 
The  chances  of  confusion  thus  have  been  becoming  more  and  more 
remote,  and  that  is  why  I  shall  henceforth  conform  to  the  prefer- 
ences of  my  colleagues. 

It  was  in  1915  that  Matsumoto  first  established  in  the  old  genus 
Ophiura  (taken  in  the  broad  sense)  a  certain  number  of  divisions 
representing  separate  genera,  as  follows : 


OPHIUHANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         11 

1.  Aspidophiura,  including  in  all  three  species,  A.  minuta   (Ly- 
man),  A.  forbesi  (Duncan)    (=glyptodisca  H.  L.  Clark),  and  A. 
watasei  Matsumoto. 

2.  Ophiurolepis,  including  only  a  single  species,  O.  deshayesi  (Ly- 
man),  which  is  a  synonym  of  Ophiolepis  carinata  Studer.    The  lat- 
ter name  having  priority,  the  species  must  henceforth  be  known  as 
Ophiurole,pis  carinata. 

3.  Stegophiura,  including  about  ten  species,  such  as  S.  elevata 
(Lyman),   S.   nodosa    (Liitken),  S.   sladeni    (Duncan)    (—stiphra 
II.  L.  Clark),  /S.  sculpta  (Duncan),  S.  stereo,  (H.  L.  Clark),  etc. 

4.  Amphiophiura,  including  about  thirty  species,  such  as  A.  bul- 
lata  (W.  Thomson),  A.  convexa  (Lyman),  A.  improba  (Kcehler), 
A.  insolita  (Kcehler),  A.  latro  (Kcehler),  A.  paupera  (Kcehler),  A. 
sordida  (Kcehler),  A.  undata  (Lyman),  etc. 

5.  Matsumoto  left  in  the  genus  Ophmra,  as  restricted  by  him,  a 
large  number  of  species  which  he  divided  into  two  categories,  one  in- 
cluding those  with  the  arm  comb  formed  of  elongated,  narrow,  and 
acuminate  papillae,  such  as  O.  albida  (Forbes),  O  ciliata  (Retzius) 
(=texturata  Lamarck),  O.  brevispina.  Smith.  0.  aequalis  (Lyman), 
O.  cornea  (Liitken),  O.  kinbergi  (Lj^man),  O.  lepida  (Lyman),  O. 
palliata  (Lyman,2  and  O.  sarsii  (Liitken),  the  other  including  those 
with  the  arm  comb  composed  of  low,  short,  and  blunt  papillae,  such 
as    O.    dbyssorum    (Lyman),    O.    ambigua    (Lyman),    O.    element 
(Koehler),  0.  confragosa  (Lyman),  O.  inflata  (Kcehler),  O.  inonwta 
(Lyman),  0.  in^orata  (Lyman),  O.  nana  (Liitken  and  Mortensen), 
etc. 

There  is  a  hiatus  in  the  enumeration  of  the  species  given  by  Mat- 
sumoto, for  he  makes  no  mention  of  a  number  of  Antarctic  forms, 
such  as  0.  brucei,  0.  flexibilis,  O.  frigifla,  O.  gelida,  0.  mimaria,  O. 
partita,  etc.,  which  I  have  described  within  the  past  few  years  and 
which  evidently  he  was  unable  to  place  in  any  of  the  categories 
established  by  him.  Furthermore  Matsumoto  leaves  in  the  genus 
Ophiura  as  restricted  certain  species,  such  as  0.  abyssorum,  O.  con- 
fragosa, and  O.  inomata,  which  obviously  do  not  conform  to  the 
characters  of  the  restricted  genus  as  he  understands  it.  H.  L.  Clark 
has  created  for  these  several  species  ('15,  p.  235)  the  genus  Homalo- 
phiura,  which  is  perfectly  homogeneous  and  which  includes  about 
20  forms.  This  genus  is  characterized  by  the  reduction  of  the  arm 
comb,  by  having  the  brachial  tentacular  pores  very  slightly  devel- 
oped and  not  occurring  beyond  the  first  arm  plates,  by  having  the 
buccal  pores  distant  from  the  mouth,  etc. 

2  Matsumoto   gives  O.  papillata.     This  is  evidently  a  typographical  error,   for  he   in 
tended  to  write  palliata. 


12  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Among  the  genera  established  by  Matsumoto  the  two  genera  Aspi- 
dophiura  and  Ophiurolepis  are  similarly  very  well  characterized, 
but  they  only  include  a  very  small  number  of  species — four  in  both 
combined.  The  genera  AmpMophiura  and  StegopMura  both  include 
species  in  which  the  disk  is  thick  and  in  which  the  dorsal  and  ventral 
arm  plates  are  well  developed  and  in  contact  throughout  a  large 
portion  of  the  arms ;  the  ventral  arm  plates  especially  are  large,  often 
as  long  as  broad,  and  they  cover  a  relatively  large  portion  of  the  ven- 
tral aspect  of  the  arms.  Matsumoto  differentiates  StegopMura  by 
the  short  arms  which  are  very  broad  at  the  base  and  diminish  very 
rapidly  in  breadth,  while  in  AmpMophiura  the  arms  are  rather  nar- 
row, but  in  compensation  longer  and  diminishing  gradually  in  width. 
While  the  characters  cited  by  Matsumoto  are  easy  of  application  in 
a  certain  number  of  species,  it  is  not  the  same  for  others,  and  the 
limits  oif  the  two  genera  are  indefinite.  This  is  one  of!  the  weak 
points  of  Matsumoto's  classification,  and  here  there  are  certain  to 
arise  doubtful  cases,  leading  to  differences  of  opinion  among  zoolo- 
gists. I  see  already  an  instance  in  the  case  of  O.  solida  Lyman,  which 
Matsumoto  placed  in  the  genus  AmphiopJiiura  (15,  p.  77),  while 
H.  L.  Clark  assigned  it  to  the  genus  Stegophiura  ('15,  p.  817).  The 
species  is  retained  in  Amphiophiura  by  Matsumoto  in  1917.  More- 
over, Matsumoto  himself  states  that  the  rather  numerous  species  as- 
signed by  him  to  the  genus  Amphiophiura  form  four  groups  which 
in  their  characters  approach,  respectively,  the  genera  Ophiopyrgus, 
Aspidophiura,  Stegophiura,  and  Ophiura  (in  the  restricted  sense). 

Matsumoto  has  left  in  the  genus  Ophiura  all  the  species  not 
assigned  to  the  four  genera  established  by  him,  and  in  which  the  disk 
and  the  arms  are  flattened,  the  ventral  arm  plates  are  very  short,  the 
tentacular  pores  are  well  developed,  the  mouth  pores  are  very  large, 
provided  with  numerous  scales,  and  close  to  the  mouth,  etc.  I  men- 
tioned above  that  certain  species  retained  by  him  in  this  genus  as 
restricted  had  been  removed  by  H.  L.  Clark  and  placed  in  the  genus 
Homalophiura  (O.  abyssorum,  O.  confragosa,  etc.).  In  my  opinion 
certain  other  species  retained  by  Matsumoto  should  also  be  removed 
from  the  genus  Ophiura  (in  the  restricted  sense),  some  to  be  placed 
elsewhere,  others  to  be  definitely  suppressed.  For  example,  0. 
hexactis  does  not  belong  to  the  genus  Ophiura  at  all,  but  to  the  genus 
Ophionotus,  as  I  showed  in  1912  and  as  I  have  confirmed  in  a  more 
recent  work  (17,  p.  61),  where  I  have  given  new  evidence  of  the 
correctness  of  this  disposition  based  upon  the  characters  of  the  peri- 
stomal  plates;  O.  nana  Liitken  and  Mortensen  is  a  synonym  of  my 
O.  inflata  described  three  years  earlier,  and  the  name  therefore  must 
disappear  from  zoological  literature,  while  the  latter  species  should 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         13 

be  placed  in  the  genus  Homalophiura,  as  H.  L.  Clark  has  done; 
O.  undata  is  given  by  Matsumoto  both  in  the  genus  Amphiophiura 
(p.  78)  and  in  the  genus  Ophiura  (p.  81).  I  surmise  that  this  latter 
is  a  typographical  error  and  that  he  intended  to  write  (p.  81)  O. 
undulata. 

However,  everything  considered,  this  first  attempt  at  a  reclassi- 
fication  of  the  species  of  the  old  genus  Ophiura  is  of  the  greatest 
interest  and  marks  a  very  considerable  progress.  In  spite  of  a  certain 
vagueness  which  persists  in  regard  to  the  limits  of  the  genera 
Amphiophiura  and  Stegophiura,  the  genera  proposed  by  Matsumoto 
are  worthy  of  adoption,  and  I  shall  follow  his  nomenclature  in  the 
succeeding  pages. 

In  his  memoir  of  19 IT  Matsumoto  has  redefined  the  characters  of 
the  genera  established  by  him  in  1915.  He  accepts  H.  L.  Clark's 
genus  Homalophiura,  but  he  maintains  as  distinct  both  0.  inflata 
and  0.  nana.  He  cites  O.  undulata  (not  undata)  among  the  species 
of  the  genus  Ophiura,  in  the  restricted  sense  (p.  268).  He  no  longer 
retains  Ophionotus  hexactis  in  the  genus  Ophiura,  and  he  now 
agrees  with  me  that  this  species  should  be  replaced  in  the  genus 
Ophionotus  (p.  235,  note). 

A  very  detailed  study  of  the  species  assigned  to  the  old  genus 
Ophioconis  had  led  Matsumoto  to  propose  a  complete  rearrangement 
of  them  in  1915. 

The  necessity  for  a  revision  of  this  genus,  not  only  to  determine 
the  interrelationships  of  the  species  commonly  assigned  to  it  but 
also  to  establish  its  position  in  the  classification  of  the  ophiurans, 
had  already  been  suggested  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  1911  when  he  was 
describing  his  new  species  from  Japan  and  the  Bering  Sea  ('11, 
p.  28).  When  I  began  in  1914  the  preparation  of  this  memoir,  I  had 
myself  been  confronted  with  this  problem,  and  I  was  led  to  establish 
in  the  old  genus  Ophioconis  three  distinct  groups  in  such  a  way  as  to 
separate  from  O.  forbesi  (the  type  of  the  genus),  on  the  one  hand, 
O.  cincta,  O.  cupida,  O.  grandisquama,  and  O.  permixta,  which 
form  a  very  homogeneous  group,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  O.  miliaria 
and  O.  pulver-ulenta.  At  the  same  time  I  proposed  to  remove  from  the 
genus  Ophioconis,  O.  brevispina  Ludwig,  of  which  the  teeth  do  not 
have  at  all  the  form  characteristic  of  those  of  O.  forbesi,  as  well  as 
O.  indica,  which  I  proposed,  provisionally  at  least,  to  place  near  the 
genus  Pectinura,  taken  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is  understood  by 
H.  L.  Clark. 

Matsumoto's  memoir,  dated  1915,  reached  me  in  1916,  long  before 
the  work  which  appears  to-day  was  printed,  and  it  is  Matsumoto, 
therefore,  who  deserves  all  the  credit  of  having  revised  the  old  genus 


14  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Ophioconis.  I  only  speak  of  my  studies  on  the  subject  in  order  to 
be  able  to  state  that  after  reading  Matsumoto's  work  I  find  myself 
entirely  prepared  to  adopt,  in  its  broad  lines,  the  classification  which 
he  proposes.  I  shall  give  a  short  summary  of  it. 

Matsumoto  first  of  all  removes  from  the  genus  Ophioconis  several 
species  which  have  all  the  characters  of  the  genus  Ophiolimna,  and 
he  assigns  to  the  latter  0.  antarctica  Lyman,  0.  operculata  Koehler, 
O.  diastata  H.  L.  Clark,  and  0.  papillata  H.  L.  Clark.  Then,  on  the 
basis  of  the  development  of  the  spines  and  the  structure  of  the  teeth, 
he  divides  the  remaining  species  into  two  groups,  one  including  those 
in  which  the  spines  are  short  and  appressed  to  the  arms,  forming  the 
genus  Ophioconis  (restricted),  the  other  including  those  in  which  the 
spines  are  elongated  and  not  appressed.  The  latter  is  again  divided 
into  two  groups  according  to  whether  the  teeth  are  very  small,  tri- 
angular, and  pointed,  or  flattened,  slender,  and  transparent.  The 
species  of  the  first  group  form  the  new  genus  Ophiuroconis  and  those 
of  the  second  the  new  genus  Ophiurodon.  Matsumoto  thus  leaves  in 
the  genus  Ophioconis  only  0.  forbesi  and  0.  brevispina.  As  for  0. 
indica,  this  appears  to  him  to  be  close  to  the  genus  Pectinura,  though 
differing  from  it  in  a  number  of  characters. 

I  am  in  complete  accord  with  Matsumoto's  point  of  view  regarding 
the  necessity  of  erecting  the  new  genera  Ophiuroconis  and  Ophiu- 
rodon and  the  validity  of  the  characters  which  he  attributes  to  each, 
as  well  as  in  assigning  0.  antarctica,  O.  diastata,  and  O.  papillata  to 
the  genus  Ophiolimna,  but  I  differ  from  him  regarding  the  limites  of 
the  genus  Ophioconis  (restricted).  Matsumoto  characterizes  it  ex- 
clusively on  the  basis  of  the  short,  appressed,  and  hyaline  spines,  and 
the  covered  mouth  shields;  but  I  believe  that  there  is  a  third  char- 
acter quite  as  important  as  the  two  preceding  which  should  be  con- 
sidered, and  that  is  the  form  of  the  teeth.  In  the  first  species  de- 
scribed, 0.  forbesi,  which  for  a  long  time  remained  the  only  species 
of  the  genus  Ophioconis,  the  teeth  are  slender,  transparent,  and  flat- 
tened, appearing  as  a  column  of  broadened  lamellae,  the  free  borders 
of  which  are  more  or  less  denticulate  (pi.  81,  fig.  1) .  In  the  original 
description  of  Pectinura  forbesi  Heller  indicated  this  peculiarity  of 
the  teeth  which  he  described  as  "grosse,  rundliche,  blattformige 
Zalme  "  ('62,  p.  422) .  This  form  of  the  teeth  is  very  remarkable,  and 
it  is  also  found  in  the  species  referred  by  Matsumoto  to  the  genus 
Ophiurodon.  But  in  O.  brevispina  the  teeth  are  not  at  all  of  this 
character.  I  only  know  this  species,  which  seems  to  be  very  rare  and 
appears  never  to  have  been  rediscovered,  from  Ludwig's  original  de- 
scription. Ludwig  did  not  describe  in  detail  the  form  of  the  teeth 
and  did  not  compare  them  with  those  of  O.  forbesi.  He  simply  says 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         15 

that  they  are  conical  (kegelformige) ,  and  in  his  figure  they  are  clearly 
shown  as  small,  triangular,  and  pointed,  quite  the  same  as  the  ad- 
jacent mouth  papillae. 

In  the  form  of  the  teeth,  therefore,  there  is  a  difference  between 
O.  forbesi  and  0.  brevispina  analogous  to  that  separating  the  genera 
Ophiurodon  and  Ophiuroconis.  In  my  opinion  these  two  species  can 
not  be  placed  in  the  same  genus,  and  I  propose  to  leave  in  the  genus 
Ophioconis  0.  forbesi  only,  the  genus  thus  again  becoming,  as  for- 
merly, monotypic.  As  for  O.  brevispina,  it  certainly  can  not  be 
referred  to  Matsumoto's  Ophiuroconis.  If  the  shape  of  the  teeth  is 
really  that  which  Ludwig  has  figured,  it  must  be  very  close  to  the 
species  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  assembled  in  his  new  genus  Crypto- 
pelta, and  I  therefore  propose  that  it  be  referred  to  this  genus. 

There  remains  to  be  considered  O.  indica,  which  I  placed  in  the 
genus  Ophioconis  in  1896;  but  it  is  evident  that  it  can  not  remain 
here,  and  also  that  it  can  not  be  assigned  to  either  of  the  new  genera 
proposed  by  Matsumoto.  I  agree  entirely  with  the  objections  which 
he  raises  in  regard  to  placing  it  to  the  genus  Pectinura,  on  account  of 
the  characters  of  the  spines  and  the  presence  of  a  single  tentacle  scale ; 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  obvious  that  it  is  extremely  close  to  the 
species  of  Cryptopelta,  especially  to  C.  aster.  It  can  not,  however, 
be  assigned  to  this  genus,  of  which  one  of  the  primary  characters  is 
found  in  the  condition  of  the  mouth  shields,  which  are  covered  with 
granules,  as  in  O.  indica  these  shields  are  naked.  I  suggest  that  it  be 
made  the  type  of  a  new  genus,  for  which  I  propose  the  name  Gymno- 
pelta, in  contrast  to  Cryptopelta. 

The  reclassification  of  the  species  assigned  to  the  old  genus  Ophio- 
conis (taiken  in  the  broad  sense)  is  as  follows: 

Genus  Ophioconis  Liitken Ophioconis  forbesi  (Heller). 

Genus  Ophiurodon  Matsumoto Ophiurodon  cincta  (Keehler). 

Ophiurodon  cupida  (Koehler). 

Ophiurodon  grandisquania   (Koehler). 

Ophiurodon  permixta  (Koehler). 
Genus  Ophiuroconis  Matsumoto Ophiuroconis  miliaria  (Lyman). 

Ophiuroconis  monolcpis  Matsumoto. 

Ophiuroconis  pulverulenta   (Lyman). 
Genus  Cryptopelta  H.  L.  Clark Cryptopelta,  brevispina  (Ludwig). 

[Cryptopelta  aster  (Lyman)]. 

[Cryptopelta  granulifera  H.  L.  Clark]. 

Genus  Gymnopelta  Ko?hler Gymnopelta  indica  (Koahler). 

Genus  Ophiolimna  Verrill Ophiolimna  antarctica    (Lyman). 

Ophiolimna  diastata  (H.  L.  Clark). 

Ophiolimna  papillata   (H.  L.  Clark). 

The  first  ten  species  must  be  placed  in  the  family  Ophiodermatidae, 
and  the  three  last,  assigned  to  the  trenus  Ophiolimna,  in  the  family 
Ophiacanthidae. 


16  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

This  reassignment  among  two  very  different  families  is  in  conform- 
ity with  the  view  of  Matsumoto.  But  an  entirely  different  classifi- 
cation has  been  followed  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  his  catalogue.  He  main- 
tains the  old  genus  OpMoconis  without  taking  into  consideration  the 
divisions  proposed  by  Matsumoto,  and  he  places  it  bodily,  with  its 
thirteen  species,  in  the  family  Ophiacanthidae. 

H.  L.  Clark  has  discarded  the  genus  Opkiolimna.  Some  of  the 
species  he  places  in  the  genus  OpMacantha  (O.  bairdi,  O.  perfida,  O. 
operculata,  and  O.  lambda)  and  the  rest  in  the  genus  OpMoconis  (O. 
antarctica,  O.  diastata,  and  0.  papillata). 

The  redistribution  of  the  species  of  the  old  genus  OpMoconis  which 
I  have  just  given  differs  in  several  details  from  that  which  Matsu- 
moto has  recently  proposed  (17,  p.  310).  The  Japanese  author 
leaves  in  the  genus  OpMoconis  (restricted)  not  only  O.  forbesi,  but 
also  0.  brevispina,  which  is  very  different  from  it,  and,  furthermore, 
he  proposes  to  unite  with  the  genus  OpMoconis  the  genus  OpMocor- 
mus  described  by  H.  L.  Clark.  At  the  same  time  he  is  inclined  to 
believe  that  the  genera  OpMoconis  and  Cryptopelta  should  be  re- 
united, although  admitting  that  they  differ  in  the  structure  of  the 
arm  spines,  and  he  retains  in  the  genus  OpMoconis  O.  indica,  which 
formerly  he  considered  as  an  extreme  form  of  Pectinura. 

In  concluding  I  may  say  that  the  family  Astrophiuridae  should 
be  added  to  the  families  placed  by  Matsumoto  in  the  Chilophiurida. 
In  my  paper  on  AstropMura  cavellae  I  have  given  the  reasons  why 
I  believed  it  necessary  to  place  the  genus  AstropMura  in  a  distinct 
family,  and  perhaps  even  in  a  separate  order  ('15,  p.  15).  In  his 
1917  memoir  Matsumoto  simply  places  the  genus  AstropMura  in  the 
subfamily  Ophiomastinae  with  the  genera  OpMophysis  Ko3hler, 
OpMomisidiwn  Koehler,  OpMotypa  Kcehler,  and  OpMomastus  Ly- 
man  (17,  p.  234).  But  I  still  consider  that  the  remarkable  pecu- 
liarities of  the  genus  AstropMura  are  sufficient  to  justify  the  crea- 
tion of  an  independent  family.3 

3  When  I  described  Astrophiura  cavellae  I  noted  (p.  2)  that  this  species  had  been  men- 
tioned by  Chun  in  his  book  "  Aus  den  Tiefen  des  Welt-Meeres."  But  apparently  Matsu- 
moto has  assumed  that  the  form  recorded  by  Chun  was  a  different  one.  In  comparing 
Astrophiura  kawamurai  with  the  species  previously  known  he  says  ('17,  p.  245)  :  "This 
species  differs  from  Chun's  Astrophiura  from  Agulhas  Bank,  which  is  not  yet  named, 
..."  and,  on  the  following  page,  "  lately,  Kffihler  has  described  A.  cavellae  from  the 
vicinity  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope."  It  is  not  correct  to  say  that  Chun's  species  has 
not  yet  received  a  specific  name,  for  it  is  the  one  to  which  I  gave  the  name  A.  cavellae, 
and  I  have  stated  in  my  description  the  exact  locality  where  it  was  dredged  by  the 
Valdivia — latitude  34°  33'  S.,  longitude  18°  21'  B.,  the  depth  being  318  meters. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         17 

Order  I.  PHRYNOPHIURIDA. 

Family  OPHIOMYXIDAE. 

OPHIOMYXA  BENGALENSIS  Kcehler. 

Plate  5,  figs.  5,  6 ;  plate  92,  fig.  1. 

OpMomyxa  Itengalemis  KCEHLER,  '96,  p.  363,  pi.  9,  figs.  70,  71 ;  '99,  p.  69,  pi. 
12,  figs.  91,  92.— H.  L.  CLARK,  '15,  p.  168. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5292;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Escarceo  Light  bearing  N.  36°  W.  6.02  kilometers 
(3.25  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  28'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  01'  12"  E.) ;  296 
meters  (162  fathoms) ;  July  23, 1908 ;  fne.  bk.  S. 

Eight  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.225,  E.226,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — All  these  specimens  agree  well  with  the  type  series,  which 
was  dredged  by  the  Investigator  among  the  Andaman  Islands  at 
depths  varying  between  457  and  1,962  meters  (250  and  1,073 
fathoms).  I  give  here  two  photographs  of  one  of  the  Albatross 
specimens,  which  show  better  than  my  figures  published  in  1896  and 
1899  the  habitus  of  this  species.  I  also  include  some  photographs  of 
arm  spines  from  different  portions  of  the  arms. 

OPHIOMYXA  IRREGULARIS  Kcehler. 

Plate  2,  fig.  18 ;  plate  5,  figs.  1,  2 ;  plate  6,  fig.  4 ;  plate  92,  fig.  2. 

See  for  bibliography : 

OpMomyxa  irregularis  KCEHLER,  '05,  p.119,  pi.  12,  fig.  1. — H.  L.  CLARK,  '15, 
p.  170. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5135;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo  (Sulu) ; 
Jolo  Light  bearing  S.  46°  W.,  22.05  kilometers  (11.9  miles)  distant 
(lat.  6°  11'  50"  N.,  long.  121°  08'  20"  E.) ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms) ; 
February  7,  1908 ;  fne.  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.163,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5140;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  33°  W.,  11  kilometers  (6.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  08'  45"  N.,  long. 
121°  03'  E.) ;  139  meters  (76  fathoms) ;  February  14,  1908;  fne.  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.161,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5172;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
E.,  46  kilometers  (24.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  15"  N.,  long.  120° 
35'  50"  E.) ;  582  meters  (318  fathoms) ;  March  5,  1908;  fne.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.162,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5174;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
E.,  4.81  kilometers  (2.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120° 
57'  00"  E.)  ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms)  ;  March  5,  1908;  crs.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.165,  U.S.N.M.). 

55269— 22— Bui.  1( 


18  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5617;  Dodinga  Bay,  Gillolo  Island,  Moluccas; 
Ternate  Island  (SB.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  49'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  25'  30"  E.) ;  239  meters  (131 
fathoms) ;  November  27,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.166,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5629;  Patiente  Strait  and  southward;  Doworra 
Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  62°  W.,  11.12  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  50'  00"  S.,  long.  128°  12'  00"  E.)  375  meters  (205  fathoms) ; 
December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.164,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  the  specimens  from  station  5135  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  15  mm.  and  the  arms  are  from  65  mm.  to  70  mm.  in  length ; 
in  that  from  station  5172,  which  I  figure,  the  disk  is  slightly  smaller, 
its  diameter  varying  between  13  mm.  and  14  mm.,  and  the  arms  are 
almost  of  the  same  length  as  in  the  preceding,  from  60  mm.  to  70  mm. 
long.  The  arms  are  moderately  rigid;  they  are  3  mm.  broad  at  the 
base  and  taper  rapidly.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  of  the  specimen 
from  station  5629  is  15  mm.;  the  others  are  smaller. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  with  the  sides  more  or  less  concave.  The 
dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  an  integument  which  is  entirely  naked, 
but  beneath  which,  at  the  bases  of  the  arms,  may  be  distinguished  the 
radial  shields,  which  are  not  much  elongated,  though  moderately 
broad — scarcely  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  these  shields  are  covered  ex- 
teriorly by  few  imbricated  plates  which  are  a  continuation  of  other 
thicker  plates  which  form  a  border  about  the  periphery  of  the  disk 
in  the  interbrachial  spaces.  Usually  there  may  be  distinguished  in 
the  center  of  each  of  these  spaces  a  larger  oval  plate,  from  either  side 
of  which  extends  a  series  of  smaller  narrow  and  imbricated  plates. 
In  general  this  peripheral  border  of  plates  is  very  evident,  but  some- 
times it  is  not  visible  in  alcoholic  specimens,  appearing  only  after 
they  have  been  dried  (pi.  2,  fig.  18). 

The  ventral  face  of  the  disk  is  covered  by  a  smooth  integument. 
The  genital  slits,  which  are  broad  and  elongated,  reach  almost  to  the 
edge  of  the  disk;  they  are  bordered  by  large  plates  similarly  elon- 
gated. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  plates  can  be  readily  made  out  in  dried 
individuals.  The  mouth  shields  are  large  and  rather  broad,  triangu- 
lar, with  the  sides  and  angles  rounded,  and  a  little  broader  than  long. 
The  adoral  plates,  which  are  large  and  elongated,  usually  reach  the 
median  interradial  line  where  they  are  in  contact,  while  at  the  same 
time  they  are  more  or  less  narrowed  inwardly;  outwardly,  on  the 
other  hand,  they  are  broadened  and  give  off  a  rather  narrow  process 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The 
oral  plates  are  triangular  and  high.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         19 

three  in  number,  increasing  in  size  from  the  external  or  distal  to  the 
proximal;  they  are  rounded,  with  a  transparent  and  denticulate 
border.  The  terminal  unpaired  papilla  resembles  the  others,  but  is 
a  little  larger. 

The  upper  arm  plates,  completely  fused  with  the  upper  surf ace-of 
the  vertebral  pieces,  are  lozenge-shaped,  with  the  angles  rounded  off, 
separated  on  the  sides  by  soft  areas. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  rectangular,  broader  than  long. 
The  following  are  heart-shaped,  as  long  as  broad,  with  an  acute 
proximal  angle,  rounded  sides,  and  the  distal  border  deeply  notched 
in  the  middle.  At  first  they  are  in  contact,  later  becoming  separated 
by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  four  moderately  developed  spines,  which 
are  strong  and  cylindrical,  with  the  tip  blunted;  their  surface  is 
more  or  less  roughened,  and  often  small  asperities  may  be  made  out. 
The  length  of  the  spines  increases  very  gradually  from  the  first  ven- 
tral, which  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  plate,  to  the  last  dorsal,  which 
is  almost  as  long  as  the  plate.  These  dimensions  are  taken  from  a 
dried  specimen ;  in  alcoholic  specimens  the  spines,  somewhat  sunken 
in  the  integument,  appear  shorter,  and  their  length  does  not  appear 
much  to  exceed  half  that  of  the  joint,  as  I  stated  in  1905.  Four  spines 
are  found  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  arm. 

The  different  photographs  given  on  plate  92  as  figure  2  illustrate 
the  character  of  the  spines  at  different  heights  on  the  arms.  It  is 
noticeable  that  toward  the  extremity  of  the  arms  the  deticulations 
tend  to  become  localized  along  the  proximal  border  of  the  spines,  at 
the  same  time  becoming  very  much  stronger;  this  results  in  trans- 
forming the  two  ventral  spines,  especially  the  first,  into  true  hooks 
with  four  or  five  branches  (fig.  2<?). 

Alcoholic  specimens  have  a  yellowish  color,  with  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  darker  and  brownish,  or  they  may  be  uniformly  brownish 
gray. 

I  at  first  (in  1896)  considered  this  OpMomyxa  as  a  variety  of  O. 
brevispina,  but  the  study  of  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga 
showed  me  that  it  is  in  reality  a  different  species,  and  the  examination 
of  the  material  collected  by  the  Albatross  has  confirmed  me  in  that 
opinion  (see  Kcehler  '05,  p.  119). 

There  is  evidently  a  strong  resemblance  between  O.  irregularis  and 
O.  panamensis  described  by  Liitken  and  Mortensen  ('99,  p.  182). 
These  authors  mention  in  the  latter  four  mouth  papillae  instead  of 
three,  adding  the  the  edge  of  these  papillae  lacks  a  transparent 
border;  the  adoral  plates  are  separated  in  the  median  interradial 
line ;  the  under  arm  plates  in  their  form  recall  strongly  those  of  O. 
irregularis,  but  they  are  broader  than  long;  the  radial  shields  are 
also  more  broadened  in  O.  panamensis,  and  the  arm  spines  may  reach 


20  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

five  in  number.  These  differences  are  obviously  rather  slight,  and 
it  is  undeniable  that  the  two  forms  are  very  closely  related;  without 
doubt  they  are  corresponding  types,  one  inhabiting  the  Indian  Ocean 
and  the  western  Pacific,  the  other  the  American  shores  of  the  latter 
ocean. 

On  the  basis  of  the  figures  given  above,  in  connection  with  the  list 
of  the  Albatross  stations  at  which  this  species  was  collected,  it  can 
be  stated  that  this  form  is  able  to  live  at  quite  different  depths,  rang- 
ing between  36  and  581  meters  (20  and  318  fathoms).  The  greatest 
depth  at  which  the  Siboga  found  0.  irregularis  was  only  141  meters 
(81  fathoms). 

OPHIODEEA  NEGLECTA  Koehler. 

Plate  6,  figs  3,  7,  8. 

Ophiodera  neglecta  KCEHLER,  '04,  p.  153,  pi.  18,  figs.  6,  7. 
Ophiomyxa  neglecta  H.  L.  CLARK,  '15,  p.  170. 

Localities.— Albatross  station  5378 ;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicin- 
ity; Mompog  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  38°  W.,  31.50  kilometers  (17 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  17'  45"  N.,  long.  122°  22'  00"  E.) ;  722 
meters  (395  fathoms) ;  March  4, 1909 ;  sft.  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  330,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5510;  Northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  68°  E.,  16.86  kilometers  (9.1  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  8°  16'  00"  N.,  long.  124°  03'  50"  E.) ;  744  meters  (423 
fathoms) ;  August  7,  1909 ;  gy.  M.,  fne.  S. 

One  specimen. 

Notes. — In  the  specimen  from  station  5378  the  two  diameters  of 
the  disk  are  15  mm.  and  17  mm.  The  arms  are  very  long  and  nar- 
row, their  length  exceeding  90  mm. ;  they  remain  of  the  same  width 
almost  throughout  the  proximal  half,  tapering  more  rapidly  in  the 
distal.  The  specimen  from  station  5510  is  a  little  smaller. 

I  shall  here  include  some  notes  supplementary  to  the  original  de- 
scription published  in  1904.  It  has  seemed  advisable  also  to  include 
three  photographs  of  the  specimen  from  station  5378,  which  I  have 
dried  in  order  to  render  the  outlines  of  the  plates  more  readily 
discernible  than  they  are  in  alcoholic  specimens. 

The  radial  shields  are  very  evident  in  the  dried  specimen ;  they  are 
broadened,  rather  short,  twice,  and  some  of  them  even  three  times,  as 
long  as  broad.  There  is  not  the  slightest  trace  of  plates  on  the 
periphery  of  the  disk,  and  the  species  certainly  belongs  to  the  genus 
Ophiodera  as  that  genus  was  diagnosed  by  Verrill.  The  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk  is  covered  by  a  slightly  wrinkled  integument,  and 
I  notice  here  and  there,  principally  between  the  radial  shields,  some 
small  calcareous  nodules,  which  are  rounded  and  few  in  number. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         21 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  plates  are  fairly  well  seen  in  the  dried 
specimens,  such  as  that  which  I  have  shown  in  figure  8.  The  mouth 
shields  are  large  and  broad,  very  much  broader  than  long,  triangular, 
with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle  similarly  broadly 
rounded  lateral  angles,  and  a  convex  distal  border.  The  -adoral 
plates  are  much  elongated,  narrowed  inwardly,  but  usually  reaching 
the  median  interradial  line ;  outwardly  they  are  broadened  and  give 
off  a  narrow  process  which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first 
side  arm  plate. 

The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  four  in  number  in  both  specimens ; 
they  are  unequal,  and  always  arranged  in  a  slightly  irregular  man- 
ner, as  I  stated  in  1904.  The  only  papilla  of  which  the  form  is 
fairly  constant  is  the  proximal,  which  is  rounded,  slightly  denticu- 
late on  its  free  border,  and  very  much  smaller  than  the  terminal 
papilla;  the  three  others  are  conical,  pointed,  and  of  medium,  but 
variable,  dimensions. 

The  arms  are  narrow  and  rather  flexible.  The  shape  of  the  upper 
arm  plates  recalls  that  which  I  have  just  described  in  Ophiomyxa 
irregularis.  The  under  arm  plates  are  as  broad  as  long,  with  a 
rather  sharp  proximal  angle,  straight  sides,  and  a  deeply  notched 
distal  border;  this  border  even  projects  rather  strongly  on  either 
side  of  the  notch  which  is  then  delimited  by  two  small  acute  angles, 
becoming  thereby  very  evident.  These  plates  are  separated  by  a 
rather  narrow  interval  which,  however,  is  well  marked  from  the 
second  arm  segment  outward. 

As  a  rule  the  arm  spines  are  three  in  number,  and  sometimes  even 
only  two;  I  have  only  seen  four  very  rarely,  and  only  on  the  first 
arm  segments.  These  spines  are  moderately  thick  at  their  base, 
which  is  buried  in  the  integument,  thence  tapering  very  rapidly  and 
becoming  rather  slender  and  pointed;  they  bear  denticulations  only 
in  their  distal  half,  and  these  are  not  very  strongly  developed  (pi. 
92,  fig.  3a).  The  two  ventral  spines  equal  or  slightly  exceed  half 
the  length  of  the  segment ;  the  dorsal  spine  is  a  little  longer,  though 
it  does  not  reach  quite  the  length  of  the  segment.  As  the  arms  be- 
come narrower  the  denticulations  of  the  spines,  which  are  rather 
poorly  developed  at  the  base  of  the  arms  (pi.  92,  fig.  3#)  become 
stronger  (fig.  35)  ;  they  are  often  more  developed  along  one  of  the 
borders  of  the  spine,  and  thus  the  first  ventral  spine  sometimes  takes 
a  form  approaching  that  of  a  hook,  though  it  can  not  be  said  that, 
it  becomes  converted  into  a  true  hook. 

I  was  greatly  surprised  to  find  in  the  integument  of  O.  neglecta 
both  on  the  disk  and  on  the  arms  C -shaped  spicules  analogous  to< 
those  known  in  various  echinoids  and  holothurians ;  some  of  these' 
are  here  figured  (fig.  3^). 


22  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  specimen  from  station  5378  is  of  a  general  bright  yellow 
color;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  darker  and  greenish.  The 
other  is  a  rather  dark  uniform  brownish  gray. 

The  type  series  of  this  species  was  found  by  the  Siboga  among  the 
Sunda  Islands  at  depths  varying  between  469  and  595  meters  (255 
and  322  fathoms). 

Although  Ophiodera  neglecta  and  Ophiomyxa  irregularis  belong 
to  two  different  genera,  they  show  a  very  great  external  resemblance, 
and  as  the  latter  is  able  to  descend  to  a  considerable  depth  it  may  be 
met  with  in  the  same  depth  zones  as  the  former.  It  is  important, 
therefore,  to  state  accurately  the  characters  which  distinguish  them. 
The  presence  of  a  border  of  plates  about  the  periphery  of  the  disk 
obviously  establishes  a  generic  differentiation,  but  as  these  plates 
may  be  greatly  obscured  in  alcoholic  specimens  it  is  very  important 
to  search  for  them  carefully.  Characters  peculiar  to  Ophiomyxa 
irregularis  by  which  this  species  may  be  distinguished  from  Ophio- 
dera neglecta  are  the  less-broadened  mouth  shields,  the  always- 
rounded  lateral  mouth  papillae,  which  are  three  in  number,  the  four 
strongly  developed  arm  spines,  the  condition  of  the  ventral  arm 
plates,  which  are  in  contact  along  a  considerable  portion  of  the  arm, 
and  the  stiffer  appearance  and  lesser  length  of  the  arms. 

The  distinction  between  the  genera  Ophiodera  and  Ophiomyxa 
established  by  Verrill  was  not  recognized  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  his 
"Catalogue  of  Recent  Ophiurans,"  published  in  1915.  Obviously  the 
character  invoked  by  Verrill  for  the  separation  of  the  two  has  no 
considerable  significance,  and  the  value  that  he  attributes  to  it  can 
not  be  accepted ;  however,  that  is  purely  a  matter  of  personal  opinion. 
But  it  is  certain  that  there  can  be  distinguished  in  the  genus  Ophio- 
myxa,  taken  in  the  broad  sense  in  which  it  was  used  by  Clark,  species 
provided  with  plates  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  others  which 
do  not  have  them ;  each  of  these  groups  may  be  given  the  status  of 
a  genus  or  of  a  subgenus.  I  have  thought  it  best  to  adopt  the  nomen- 
clature proposed  by  Verrill,  which  is  the  most  convenient ;  Matsumoto 
has  also  accepted  it  in  his  memoir  of  1917. 

NEOPLAX  CRASSIPES,  new  species. 

Plate  2,  figs.  1-3. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5108;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon, 
Oorregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles) 
.distant  (lat.  14°  05'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.) ;  24  meters  (13 
fathoms) ;  January  15, 1908 ;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  193,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description.— The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  10  mm.  and 
11  mm. ;  none  of  the  arms  is  complete,  the  longest  being  preserved 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         23 

for  a  length  of  60  mm. ;  it  could  not  have  been  very  much  longer ;  the 
four  others  are  broken  off  at  variable  distances  from  the  base.  The 
arms  are  rather  slender,  and  cylindrical ;  they  appear  rather  stiffened, 
and  are  only  very  slightly  bent. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  with  the  sides  straight  or  gently  convex; 
the  dorsal  surface  is  flattened,  and  the  ventral  surface  is  moderately 
convex. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  uniformly  with  a  thick 
and  opaque  integument,  brown  in  color,  from  which  arise  isolated 
short,  conical,  sharply  pointed  spines  irregularly  arranged,  rather 
widely  separated  from  each  other,  but  becoming  closer  together  near 
the  periphery.  There  is  not  the  slightest  trace  of  radial  shields. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  an  integument 
thinner  than  that  of  the  dorsal  surface,  beneath  which  may  be  dis- 
tinguished, though  with  some  difficulty,  imbricated  rounded  plates 
rather  close  together.  This  surface  carries  spines  similar  to  those 
of  the  dorsal  surface  but  less  numerous,  and  not  reaching  to  the 
mouth  shields. 

The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad  and  much  elongated,  extending 
from  the  mouth  shields  nearly  to  the  periphery  of  the  disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  much  broadened  transversely, 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  triangular,  with  a  very  blunt  and  rounded 
proximal  angle  and  gently  convex  sides  passing  over  very  rounded 
angles  and  uniting  on  the  distal  border,  which  is  similarly  convex; 
this  border  bears  in  the  middle  a  rounded  lobe,  which  is  rather  broad, 
but  low.  The  adoral  plates  are  large,  rather  narrow  and  elongated, 
four  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  longer  edges  parallel;  they 
give  off  outwardly  a  narrow  process  which  separates  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  rather 
large,  triangular,  twice  as  high  as  broad.  The  mouth  papillae 
number  five  or  six  on  each  side  and  are  elongated  and  conical,  with 
the  point  blunted,  except  for  the  outermost,  which  is  more  broadened. 
The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  broad  and  thick  with  the  end 
blunted. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  quite  indistinguishable,  but  the  integu- 
ment of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  shows  on  the  seven  or  eight 
lowest  arm  segments  little  spines  similar  to  those  on  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  of  which  they  are  a  continuation;  these  spines 
gradually  diminish  in  size,  and  finally  disappear  altogether. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  triangular,  with  a  very  obtuse  proxi- 
mal angle  and  a  very  strongly  convex  distal  border,  broader  than 
long.  The  following  plates,  of  average  dimensions,  are  a  little  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  distal  border  strongly  notched  in  the  middle 
and  a  very  rounded  proximal  angle;  their  sides  are  gently  convex 


24  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

and  divergent.    All  these  plates  are  separated  by  a  rather  narrow 
interval. 

The  side  arm  plates  bear  six  spines,  which  form  a  very  regular 
transverse  series;  with  the  exception  of  the  first  ventral  they  are 
equal,  rather  short,  conical,  with  the  point  blunted  and  armed  with 
strong  asperities.  The  lowest  spine  is  very  much  more  developed 
than  the  others,  and  the  difference  in  size  is  manifest  from  the  second 
segment  onward,  increasing  to  the  fourteenth  or  fifteenth  segment 
where  it  is  much  broadened,  thick,  although  slightly  flattened,  reach- 
ing at  least  a  segment  and  a  half  in  length,  while  the  five  other  spines 
do  not  reach  even  half  the  length  of  a  segment.  Subsequently  the 
length  and  the  breadth  of  the  ventralmost  spine  gradually  diminish' 
toward  the  end  of  the  arm,  but  it  always  remains  broader  and  a  little 
longer  than  the  others.  The  surface  of  this  large  spine  is  covered 
with  rather  large  asperities  at  the  base  of  the  arm,  and  these  asperi- 
ties decrease  in  size  as  the  spine  enlarges,  reassuming  their  original 
development  as  the  size  of  the  spine  diminishes. 

On  the  first  arm  segment  there  may  be  distinguished  a  very  small 
conical  and  pointed  tentacle  scale,  which  disappears  beneath  the  first 
ventral  spine  when  this  enlarges,  but  it  reappears  again  when  the 
size  of  this  spine  diminishes,  that  is  to  say,  beyond  the  fifteenth 
segment. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  type  of  the  genus  Neoplax 
is  N.  opkioides  described  by  Prof.  F.  Jeffrey  Bell  from  the  collections 
made  by  the  Alert  at  d'Arros  Island,  in  the  Amir  ante  group.  In 
that  species  the  ventralmost  spine  is  a  little  larger  than  the  others, 
but  it  is  far  from  attaining  the  development  which  it  reaches  in  the 
new  species  in  which  its  size  becomes  quite  diagnostic. 

OPHIOCANOPS,  new  genus. 

Description. — The  disk  is  small;  the  arms  are  very  slender  and 
very  long,  tapering  very  gradually.  The  disk  is  covered  with  a  naked 
integument  without  the  least  indication  of  plates  either  upon  its 
dorsal  surface  or  about  the  periphery.  The  outlines  of  the  mouth 
plates  are  very  clear ;  the  mouth  shields  are  rudimentary,  but,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  adoral  plates  are  very  greatly  developed,  and  are 
excessively  broad.  Mouth  papillae  are  present;  the  teeth  are  elon- 
gated and  spiniform,  arranged  in  a  regular  column  of  six.  With  the 
exception  of  the  first,  the  under  arm  plates  are  entirely  lacking.  The 
upper  arm  plates  are  completely  fused  with  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  vertebrae,  which  are  divided  into  two  halves  by  a  longitudinal 
groove,  and  the  two  spaces  which  on  the  dorsal  side  of  the  arm 
separate  the  successive  vertebrae  are  occupied  by  soft  parts  for  a 
distance  almost  equivalent  to  the  length  of  the  vertebra.  Each  of 
the  side  arm  plates  forms  a  very  large  prominent  projection  on  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         25 

side  of  the  arm.  Their  external  surface  is  very  convex,  and  their 
internal  concave,  and  they  fit  exactly  over  the  corresponding  surface 
of  the  vertebra ;  on  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  they  are  continued 
in  the  form  of  a  process  which  reaches  the  median  line ;  each  of  these 
processes  is  separated  from  the  following  by  a  space  occupied  by 
soft  parts  which  cover  an  interval  almost  as  broad  as  the  process 
itself.  The  spines,  five  in  number  in  the  type  species,  are  composed 
of  a  quite  transparent  calcareous  substance;  they  are  rather  small, 
subequal,  each  with  a  row  of  four  or  five  sharp  and  gently  recurved 
teeth;  they  thus  assume  the  form  of  compound  hooks.  There  is  no 
tentacle  scale.  The  tentacular  pores  are  very  small  and  situated 
beyond  the  ventralmost  arm  spine. 

Remarks. — In  my  opinion  the  genus  Ophiocanops  must  be  placed 
in  the  family  Ophiomyxidae  rather  than  in  the  Ophiobyrsinae,  if  the 
distinctions  established  by  Matsumoto  are  accepted;  the  mouth 
shields,  which  are  very  small,  are  widely  separated  from  the  first  side 
arm  plate  by  the  adoral  plates,  and  the  articulation  of  the  vertebrae 
is  zygospondylian ;  it  may  be  seen  from  the  photograph  reproduced 
as  figure  5  on  plate  2  that  this  articulation  is  more  complicated  than 
in  the  Ophiobyrsinae. 

This  new  genus  may  be  compared  with  the  genus  0  phiosciasma, 
but  it  differs  from  it  markedly  in  the  absence  of  under  arm  plates 
and  in  having  the  rather  numerous  arm  spines  transformed  into  com- 
pound hooks  from  the  arm  bases  outward. 

Matsumoto  has  recently  described  two  genera  of  Ophiomyxidae  in 
which  the  arm  spines  are  transformed  into  compound  hooks  similar 
to  those  in  the  genus  Ophiocanops;  these  two  genera  are  Ophiostiba 
and  Ophiohyalus.  In  the  genus  Ophiostiba  the  upper  arm  plates  are 
lacking,  the  side  arm  plates  are  subventral,  and  under  arm  plates 
are  present ;  but  the  disk,  which  is  naked  on  its  dorsal  surface,  shows 
a  bordering  of  plates  about  its  periphery.  The  genus  Ophiohyalus, 
which  shows  similar  features,  is  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by 
the  presence  of  thin,  hyaline,  rudimentary  upper  arm  plates.  These 
two  genera  thus  differ  from  the  genus  Ophiocanops  in  the  presence 
of  plates  on  the  circumference  of  the  disk  and  in  the  presence  of 
under  arm  plates;  furthermore,  the  arm  spines  are  fewer,  only  two 
or  three  on  each  segment,  and  the  tentacular  pores  are  very  large. 
I  do  not  find  among  the  Ophiomyxidae  any  other  genera  which  need 
be  compared  with  the  genus  Ophiocanops. 

In  the  Ophiobyrsinae  Matsumoto  has  described  a  new  genus,  Ophio- 
smilax,  also  from  Japan,  in  which  the  arm  spines  are  converted  into 
compound  hooks;  but  in  this  genus  there  are  similarly  only  two  or 
three  arm  spines,  the  upper  arm  plates  are  lacking,  but  under  arm 
plates  are  present,  and  there  is  only  a  single  mouth  papilla  on  each 
side. 


26  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  genus  O phiobrachion  is  perhaps  nearest  to  the  genus  Ophio- 
canops;  its  arm  spines,  seven  or  eight  in  number,  are  also  converted 
into  compound  hooks,  but  in  the  single  known  species  the  integument 
on  both  surfaces  of  the  disk  is  armed  with  spines,  there  are  both 
upper  and  under  arm  plates  hidden  under  the  integument,  and  the 
tentacular  pores  are  of  large  size. 

Type  of  the  genus. — OpMocanops  fugiens,  new  species. 

OPHIOCANOPS  FUGIENS,  new  species. 

Plate  2,  figs.  4-17. 

Locality.— Albatross  station  5174;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  E.,  4.81  kilometers  (2.6  miles?)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  45"  N., 
long.  120°  57'  00"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  March  5, 1908 ;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41080,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  3  mm.  The 
arms  are  very  long  and  narrow,  reaching  a  length  of  from  35  mm.  to 
40  mm.,  and  are  rather  strongly  rolled  up ;  they  are  1  mm.  across  at 
the  base,  remaining  of  the  same  width  for  almost  their  entire  length. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  a  smooth 
and  rather  thick  integument,  dark  purple  in  color,  which  shows 
numerous  small  still  darker  spots,  which  are  continued  onto  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  arms.  Because  of  the  great  development  of  the  adoral 
plates,  which  extend  quite  to  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  the  latter  has, 
if  it  may  be  so  expressed,  no  ventral  surface.  I  was  not  able  to  make 
out  the  genital  slits. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  plates  are  very  easily  seen.  The  mouth 
shields  are  extremely  small,  triangular,  confined  to  the  angle  formed 
outwardly  by  the  two  adoral  plates  of  each  pair,  and  scarcely  visible 
when  the  animal  is  viewed  ventrally.  The  plate  which  bears  the 
madroporic  opening,  which  is  situated  on  the  lateral  surface  of  the 
disk,  is  rounded  and  very  large,  and  shows  a  large  vertical  furrow 
(fig.  15).  The  adoral  plates  are  extremely  developed,  very  high  and 
broad,  a  little  broader  than  high,  with  the  borders  and  the  angles 
rounded  (figs.  8, 14, 15) ;  of  themselves  they  cover  a  good  part  of  the 
ventral  face  of  the  disk.  The  oral  plates  are  very  much  smaller,  tri- 
angular, a  little  higher  than  broad.  The  mouth  papillae,  three  on 
either  side,  are  small  and  conical,  with  the  point  blunted;  the  un- 
paired terminal  papilla  is  a  little  more  elongated.  The  teeth  form  a 
column  of  six  small  conical  pieces,  which  are  elongated  and  spinif  orm 
with  the  points  rounded  (fig.  14). 

The  integument  which  covers  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  at 
first  very  thick  and  opaque,  and  shows  dark  spots  similar  to  those 
seen  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  it  then  becomes  thinner  and 
lighter  in  color,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  underlying  vertebral 


QPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        27 

pieces,  as  well  as  the  muscles  between  them,  can  be  distinguished 
through  it  (figs.  16,  IT).  The  side  arm  plates  are  especially  de- 
veloped on  the  ventral  side ;  each  forms  a  large  swelling  (figs.  5,  6,  IT) 
on  which  are  implanted  the  arm  spines  and  which  are  continued  onto 
the  ventral  surface  in  the  form  of  a  narrow  process;  this  adjojus  its 
fellow  in  the  median  line  of  the  arm  by  a  rounded  border  (fig.  6). 
The  arm  spines  are  five  in  number  and  are  in  the  form  of  compound 
hooks;  the  central  spines  carry  usually  five  or  six  short,  conical,  and 
pointed  teeth  the  size  of  which  decreases  toward  the  tip,  while  the 
dorsal  and  ventral  spines  as  a  rule  have  only  four  teeth  of  which  the 
last  is  often  the  most  developed.  As  previously  stated,  the  tentacular 
pores  are  very  small. 

The  general  coloration  of  the  individual  is  dorsally  a  dark  choco- 
late brown  and  ventrally  a  little  lighter. 

OPHIOBYRSELLA  INTORTA,  new  species. 

Plate  4,  figs.  2-5 ;  plate  92,  fig.  4. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5491;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao; 
Diuata  Point  (W.)  bearing  S.  9°  W.,  35.TT  kilometers  (19.3  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  24'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  12'  00"  E.)  ;  1.346  meters  (T36 
fathoms) ;  August  1,  1909;  gn7M.,  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  331,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  disk  is  somewhat  deformed  through  being 
strongly  pulled  out  along  one  of  the  rays,  on  account  of  which  it 
measures  30  mm.  in  the  longest  diameter  but  only  20  mm.  in  the 
shortest;  presumably  in  the  living  animal  it  had  a  diameter  of  be- 
tween 22  mm.  and  24  mm.  The  arms  are  very  long  and  rather  nar- 
row, especially  in  their  distal  half,  where  they  become  extremely 
slender;  their  length  is  difficult  to  judge,  as  they  are  more  or  less 
strongly  rolled  up,  but  it  must  be  between  250  mm.  and  300  mm.; 
they  are  3  mm.  broad  at  the  base.  They  are  almost  cylindrical,  with 
the  ventral  face  slightly  flattened. 

In  the  living  animal  the  disk  must  have  been  slightly  concave  in 
the  interradial  spaces,  just  as  between  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair  above  the  insertion  of  the  arms.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered 
by  a  thin  integument  studded  with  extremely  small  plates  well  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  and  each  bearing  a  very  short  and  slender 
spinelet;  to  the  naked  eye  these  spinelets  appear  as  simple  little 
points,  which  are  especially  evident  through  their  white  coloration, 
which  causes  them  to  stand  out  in  sharp  contrast  against  the  dark 
brown  integument  of  the  disk.  The  integument  is  raised  over  the 
radial  shields  into  elongated  ridges  which  are  white  in  color.  The 
radial  shields  are  narrow,  elongated,  broadened  outwardly,  and  taper- 
ing gradually  toward  the  center  of  the  disk;  they  are  about  T  mm. 


28  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

long.  These  shields  are  armed  with  short,  rather  thick,  conical 
spines,  which  are  especially  developed  in  their  distal  portions.  These 
are  larger  than  the  spines  of  the  rest  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk,  into  which,  however,  they  grade  imperceptibly. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  by  an  integument  which 
is  darker  and  thicker  than  that  on  the  dorsal  surface,  and  this  is 
studded  with  little  rounded  plates,  which  are  extremely  reduced  and 
widely  separated  from  each  other.  Toward  the  mouth  shields  these 
plates  become  a  little  better  developed,  and  in  their  immediate 
vicinity  they  move  closer  together  and  even  touch  each  other.  The 
genital  slits  are  broad  and  very  long.  The  two  genital  plates,  inter- 
nal and  external,  which  are  short,  are  limited  to  the  distal  extremi- 
ties of  these  slits,  and  project  outward  somewhat. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  plates  are  more  or  less  obscured  by  the 
integument.  Thanks  to  the  entire  absence  of  pigment  they  may, 
however,  be  made  out  through  it.  The  mouth  shields  are  small,  tri- 
angular, and  a  little  broader  than  long.  The  rather  large  adoral 
plates  are  thick,  triangular,  narrower  within  than  without,  and  in 
contact  in  the  median  interradial  line ;  they  are  a  little  longer  than 
broad.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and  very  high,  in  contact 
throughout  their  entire  length.  Together  with  the  tooth  papillae 
the  mouth  papillae  form  a  little  bundle  of  short,  slender,  and  spinu- 
lose  spines  continuous  with  the  teeth  which  are  fairly  regular  in  their 
arrangement  and  which  have  exactly  the  same  form  as  these  papillae ; 
beside  this  bundle  of  terminal  papillae  two  distinct  and  independent 
lateral  mouth  papillae  can  be  recognized. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  divided  into  two  lateral  halves  each 
having  the  form  of  a  triangle  of  which  the  base  lies  along  the  median 
line,  and  separated  from  its  fellow  by  a  narrow  interval ;  the  sides  of 
this  triangle  are  slightly  projecting;  these  plates  are  broadly  sepa- 
rated from  each  other. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  quadrangular,  a  little  broader  than 
long.  The  following  plates  are  elongated,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
rectangular,  with  the  proximal  border  narrower  than  the  distal, 
which  is  notched  in  the  middle;  they  are  all  in  contact  with  each 
other.  Beyond  the  disk  the  plates  become  smaller,  triangular,  with 
a  truncated  proximal  angle,  and  are  separated  by  soft  tissue. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  only  slightly  projecting,  bear  four 
and  sometimes  five  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms ;  these  spines  are 
very  delicate  and  cylindrical,  provided  with  very  strong  denticula- 
tions  on  the  proximal  border,  and  smaller  and  more  crowded  ones 
on  the  distal  border ;  they  are  all  shorter  than  the  segment  and  sub- 
equal,  though  sometimes  the  dorsal  spine  is  a  little  larger  than  the 
others.  The  first  ventral  spine  bears  very  strong  teeth  on  its  proxi- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        29 

mal  border;  it  very  soon  loses  those  on  the  distal  border,  simulta- 
neously becoming  recurved  and  transforming  very  rapidly  into  a 
hook  with  three  or  four  branches.  These  spines  consist  of  a  short 
opaque  white  basal  portion  followed  by  a  very  much  longer  per- 
fectly transparent,  though  brownish  yellow,  section.  In  figure  4r  of 
plate  92  is  shown  a  number  of  photographs  of  spines  from  different 
heights  on  the  arms. 

Each  tentacle  pore  is  provided  with  a  very  small  scale  which  is 
easily  confused  with  the  base  of  the  first  ventral  spine. 

The  disk  is  dark  brown  on  both  surfaces,  but  the  radial  shields  are 
white.  The  arms  are  lighter ;  they  are  brownish  on  the  dorsal  surface 
and  on  the  sides,  and  almost  pure  white  on  the  ventral  surface;  the 
spines  are  light  brown. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiobyrsella  intorta  can  not 
be  confused  with  any  of  the  species  of  the  genus  Ophiobyrsella  known 
from  the  Indian  Ocean.  0 ] phiobyrsella  erinaceus  Kcehler,  found  by 
the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Islands,  is  a  small  species  in  which  the  in- 
tegument of  the  disk  is  entirely  naked  and  the  radial  shields  alone 
are  armed  with  spines;  the  mouth  papillae  are  rather  large  and  the 
arm  spines,  which  are  four  in  number,  are  elongated.  The  two  Jap- 
anese species  which  have  recently  been  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  are 
very  different.  0 phiobyrsella  acanthinobrachia  has  six  or  seven  arm 
spines ;  0.  synoptacantha  has  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  numer- 
ous little  plates  of  which  some  bear  a  small  spine ;  the  arm  spines  are 
four  in  number,  but  the  mouth  shields  are  longer  than  broad  and  the 
adoral  plates  are  widely  separated  in  the  median  interradial  line. 

O phiobyrsella  intorta  is  equally  distinct  from  all  the  species  known 
from  the  Atlantic.  It  recalls  0.  quadrispinosa  Kcehler,  by  its  well 
developed  mouth  papillae,  but  is  distinguished  from  it  by  the  num- 
ber of  arm  spines.  O phiobyrsella  hystrieis  Lyman,  from  the  Shet- 
land Islands,  has  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  armed  with  more 
highly  developed  spines  over  the  radial  shields;  the  arm  spines, 
which  are  five  in  number,  are  rather  strong  and  elongated,  as  long 
as  the  arm  segments,  and  the  tooth  papillae  are  arranged  differ- 
ently from  those  in  the  Philippine  species.  0.  hystrieis  is,  moreover, 
the  type  of  Verrill's  genus  Ophiobyrsa,  with  the  mouth  papillae  and 
the  tooth  papillae  rudimentary.  In  0.  perrieri  Lyman  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  is  naked,  the  radial  shields  are  provided  with 
small,  short,  and  conical  spines,  and  the  arm  spines  are  six  in  num- 
ber. 

In  his  "  Catalogue  of  the  Ophiurans  "  published  in  1915  H.  L. 
Clark  has  not  maintained  the  division  proposed  by  Verrill  separating 
Ophiobyrsa  and  Ophiobyrsella  on  the  basis  of  the  characters  of  the 
tooth  papillae,  though  Matsumoto  has  accepted  the  distinctness  of 
the  two  genera. 


30  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIOPHRIXUS  CONFINIS,  new  species. 

Plate  3,  figs.  1-8. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Mala- 
brigo  Light  bearing  N.  44°  W.,  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'45"E.) ;  518  meters  (283  fathoms)  ; 
February  2,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  333,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5592;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity;  Silun- 
gan  Island  bearing  N.  1°  W.,  11.86  kilometers  (6.4  miles)  distant 
(lat.  4°  12'  44"  N.,  long.  118°  27'  44"  E.) ;  558  meters  (305  fathoms) ; 
September  29,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  332,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  from  station  5123  is  of  large  size,  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  reaching  23  mm.  and  the  length  of  the  arms 
160  mm.;  unfortunately,  the  disk  is  in  poor  condition,  the  dorsal 
surface  has  been  partially  torn  away  and  is  more  or  less  out  of  place. 
The  specimen  from  station  5592,  on  the  other  hand,  is  in  a  good  state 
of  preservation,  but  it  is  much  smaller;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
only  12  mm. ;  the  arms  are  somewhat  unequal ;  the  largest  reaches  100 
mm.  in  length  the  others  being  much  shorter  and  narrower. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  and  somewhat  excavated  in  the  interradial 
spaces.  The  flat  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  a  rather  thick  in- 
tegument deeply  colored  a  brownish  black  without  the  least  indica- 
tion of  plates,  except  for  a  few  extremely  small  rounded  plates  here 
and  there  between  the  outer  parts  of  the  radial  shields  and  on  the 
arm  bases ;  these  plates  are  a  little  more  numerous  on  the  individual 
from  station  5123.  Each  of  the  radial  shields  forms  a  very  project- 
ing narrow  and  elongated  rib  carrying  half  a  dozen  very  strong, 
thick,  elongated,  and  cylindrical  spines  with  their  tips  rounded  and 
roughened.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  parallel  or  very  slightly 
diverging,  and  they  are  widely  separated  from  each  other. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered 
by  a  thick  and  very  dark  integument  identical  with  that  on  the  dorsal 
surface,  without  the  least  indication  of  distinct  plates.  The  genital 
slits  are  very  broad. 

The  mouthpieces  are  covered  by  a  very  thin  fairly  transparent  in- 
tegument, light  brown  in  color,  under  which  their  outlines  appear 
with  a  fair  degree  of  sharpness.  The  mouth  shields  are  small,  tri- 
angular, a  little  broader  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded 
proximal  angle,  lateral  angles  similarly  rounded,  and  a  convex 
distal  side.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  average  dimensions,  are 
in  the  form  of  a  crescent  with  a  concave  proximal  border,  a  convex 
distal  border,  and  the  angles  rounded;  they  are  three  times  as  long 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         31 

as  broad,  and  do  not  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side 
arm  plate ;  they  are  not  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line,  but 
are  separated  by  a  rather  broad  space  which  is  similarly  continued 
between  the  oral  plates  and  which  is  simply  covered  by  integument. 
The  oral  plates  are  very  high,  elongated  and  narrow,  three  times  as 
high  as  broad,  and  directed  obliquely  toward  each  other;  they  are 
separated  for  half  of  their  length  by  the  space  which  I  have  just 
described  and  are  in  contact  only  in  their  proximal  half.  There  are 
two  mouth  papillae;  the  outer  is  small,  short,  and  rounded,  with  a 
rugose  surface,  situated  on  the  internal  border  of  the  mouth  tenta- 
cle pore;  the  other,  which  is  near  the  proximal  end  of  the  oral 
plates,  is  elongated,  pointed,  spiniform,  and  conical,  and  its  surface 
is  more  rugose  than  that  of  the  preceding.  The  teeth,  which  are 
spiniform  and  elongated,  form  a  regular  double  vertical  column, 
below  which  are  some  dental  papillae  of  the  same  form;  these  last 
are  usually  three  in  number,  a  larger  unpaired  papilla  and  two 
smaller  lateral  papillae. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  entirely  lacking.  The  first  under  arm 
plate  is  large,  rectangular,  greatly  broadened  transversely,  almost 
three  times  as  broad  as  long.  Those  following  are  very  large,  rec- 
tangular, almost  as  broad  as  long,  and  all  in  contact.  On  the  first 
arm  segments  their  distal  border  is  more  or  less  strongly  notched 
in  the  middle,  and  their  sides  extend  inward  somewhat  obliquely; 
they  then  become  regularly  quadrangular,  and  a  little  broader  than 
long.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5592  these  plates  are  more 
broadened,  and  their  distal  border  remains  concave  over  a  large  part 
of  the  length  of  the  arms;  furthermore,  they  are  usually  separated 
by  a  narrow  space  filled  by  soft  tissue. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  very  narrow  on  the  ventral  side, 
carry  four  much  elongated,  slender,  and  transparent  arm  spines, 
which  are  furnished  with  very  strong  and  closely  crowded  teeth; 
these  spines  much  exceed  the  length  of  the  segment,  and  the  two 
central  spines,  which  are  a  little  longer  than  the  others,  may  reach 
a  length  of  two  segments. 

In  figure  1  on  plate  93  I  have  given  figures  of  some  arm  spines 
taken  from  different  heights  along  the  arm.  Toward  the  extremity 
of  the  arms  the  teeth,  relatively  very  strong  and  well  spaced,  are 
often  more  developed  on  one  of  the  borders  than  on  the  other  (fig. 
1&),  but  the  first  ventral  spine  is  never  converted  into  a  true  hook, 
and  sometimes  it  even  entirely  lacks  the  denticulations  (fig.  1<?) . 

The  tentacular  pores  are  extremely  large  and  do  not  show  the 
least  trace  of  a  scale. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5592  the  disk  is  dark  brown  in  color, 
even  blackish,  on  the  dorsal  surface;  the  arms  are  a  little  lighter; 


32  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

their  dorsal  surface  is  brownish,  and  their  ventral  surface  yellow- 
ish brown.  The  other  specimen  is  of  a  general  blackish  gray. 

As  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  the  specimen  from  station 
5123  is  entirely  torn  away,  I  have  taken  advantage  of  this  oppor- 
tunity and  have  prepared  the  mouthpieces  in  such  a  way  as  to  render 
visible  the  outlines  of  the  peristomial  plates.  Their  form  may  be 
very  clearly  made  out  on  the  photograph  which  is  here  reproduced 
(pi.  3,  fig.  7),  and  it  may  here  be  seen  that  these  plates,  two  in  num- 
ber, are  large,  quadrangular,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  and  in  con- 
tact with  each  other  in  the  median  interradial  line. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — On  the  basis  of  the  structure 
of  the  dental  apparatus,  and  especially  of  the  characters  of  the  teeth 
and  the  dental  papillae,  this  species  falls  well  within  the  genus 
Ophiophrixus  as  it  was  established  by  H.  L.  Clark,  which  hitherto 
was  represented  by  only  a  single  species.  Ophiophrixus  confinis 
has,  like  this  last,  four  elongated  arm  spines,  and  its  radial  shields, 
forming  projecting  ribs,  are  armed  with  very  strong  spines;  the 
under  arm  plates  are  also  more  or  less  strongly  notched  on  their 
distal  border;  but  the  new  species  differs  from  0.  acanthinus  in  hav- 
ing the  oral  plates  much  elongated  instead  of  being  very  low,  in 
the  existence  of  two  well  developed  lateral  mouth  papillae,  and  in 
the  absence  of  distinct  plates  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  in 
its  central  portion.  The  type  of  the  genus  Ophiophrixus,  O.  acan- 
thinus,  was  found  off  Japan  (Honshu  Island)  at  a  depth  of  172  to 
274  meters  (94  to  150  fathoms),  and  is  represented  only  by  a  single 
specimen. 

Family  TRICHASTERIDAE. 

ASTROCHARIS  VIRGO  Kcehler. 

Astrocharis  virgo  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  160,  pi.  20,  fig.  1;  pi.  30,  fig.  8.— H.  L. 
CLABK  ('15),  p.  178. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.) 
bearing  S.  11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30" 
N.,  long.  121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms) ;  March  31, 
1909  ;gy.  M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  67,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7  mm. ;  the  arms  are  80  mm. 
long. 

This  specimen  agrees  well  with  the  type  series  which  was  col- 
lected by  the  Siboga  among  the  Sunda  Islands  at  depths  between 
522  and  1,089  meters  (286  to  595  fathoms). 

I  may  mention  that  a  second  species  of  this  genus,  from  Sagami 
Bay,  Japan,  has  been  described  by  Matsumoto  under  the  name  of 
A.  ijimai  (Matsumoto  '15,  p.  54,  and  17,  p.  56). 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         33 
ASTROCERAS  PERGAMENA  Lyman. 

Plate  93,  fig.  3. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Astroceras  pergamena  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  159. — DODERLEIN  ('11),  p.  61.— H.  L. 
CLARK  ('11),  p.  284;  ('15)  p.  179.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  35. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5502;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicin- 
ity; Macabalan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  35°  E.,  15.19 
kilometers  (8.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  37"  N.,  long.  124°  35'  00" 
E.)  ;  391  meters  (214  fathoms)  ;  August  4,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  328  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Station  5503;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Macabalan  Point 
Light  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  12.23  kilometers  (6.6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
8°  36'  26"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  08")  413  meters  (226  fathoms) ;  August 
4,  1909  ;gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  328  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Station  5510.     One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  329,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes — In  the  specimen  from  station  5502,  which  is  the  best  pre- 
served, the  diameter  of  the  disk  measures  about  10  mm.,  and  the  arms 
exceed  120  mm.  in  length.  In  the  other  the  disk  is  a  little  larger,  its 
diameter  reaching  11  mm. ;  a  single  arm  is  entire,  its  length  exceed- 
ing 130  mm. ;  the  terminal  part  appears  to  be  undergoing  regenera- 
tion. 

These  two  specimens,  each  having  five  equal  arms,  agree  well  with 
Lyman's  description,  except  in  regard  to  the  relative  dimensions  of 
the  disk  and  arms.  Lyman  gives  for  the  latter  a  length  of  100  mm. 
in  a  specimen  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  19  mm. ;  thus 
the  arms  are  very  much  longer  in  the  two  Albatross  specimens,  in 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  half  as  great.  In  both  of  these 
the  terminal  third  of  the  arms  is  extremely  tenuous. 

In  the  proximal  region  of  the  arms  the  two  specimens  show  the 
movable  dorsal  spines  which  are  characteristic  of  the  species.  In  the 
specimen  from  station  5503  these  spines  show  almost  the  same  devel- 
opment as  far  as  the  fifteenth  segment,  thence  diminishing  rapidly 
in  size,  and  beyond  the  twentieth  segment  disappearing  completely; 
in  the  other  the  spines  disappear  after  the  twelfth  segment. 

In  figure  3  on  plate  93  are  photographs  of  some  dorsal  (c)  and 
ventral  (a  and  b)  arm  spines  as  well  as  the  hooks  which  appear  in  the 
terminal  part  of  the  arms  (d). 

Astroceras  pergamena  was  based  upon  a  unique  specimen  found 
by  the  Challenger  in  latitude  37°  07'  N.,  longitude  138°  00"  E.,  at  a 
depth  of  1,033  meters  (565  fathoms). 

The  species  was  rediscovered  by  the  Siboga  in  latitude  10°  S., 
longitude  123°  E.,  at  a  depth  of  216  meters  (118  fathoms).  It  has 

55269— 22— Bull.  100 3 


34  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

been  collected  in  many  localities  off  Japan  in  from  62  to  549  meters 
(34  to  300  fathoms). 

H.  L.  Clark,  who  has  often  observed  six  armed  specimens,  believes 
that  this  figure  is  the  normal  one  for  the  young  of  A.  pergamena, 
although  the  adult  only  has  5  arms  (11,  p.  284)  ;  but  Matsumoto  is  not 
of  this  opinion  (17,  p.  36). 

ASTERONYX  LOVENI  Mtiller  and  Troschel. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Asterwiyx  lovcni  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  167. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  285. — DODER- 
LEIN  ('11),  p.  115.— MORTENSEN  ('12),  p.  264.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('13),  p.  219; 
('15),  p.  180;  ('16),  p.  78.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  33. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5444;  East  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Ber- 
nardino Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island, 
bearing  S.  65°  E.,  9.45  kilometers  (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  43'  51" 
N.,  long.  124°  58'  50"  E.) ;  563  meters  (308  fathoms) ;  June  3,  1909; 
gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  168,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5650;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lamulu  Point  bear- 
ing N.  5°  W.  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  55'  45"  S., 
long.  121°  29'  00"  E.) ;  988  meters  (540  fathoms) ;  December  17, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  167,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  the  larger  individual  the  dimensions  of  the  disk  are 
18  mm.  by  15  mm.  The  arms  are  incomplete,  but  two  of  them  are 
preserved  for  the  greater  part  of  their  length.  In  spite  of  the  rela- 
tively large  dimensions  of  the  disk,  the  first  spine  does  not  show  any- 
where along  the  arm  the  least  tendency  to  become  elongated  and  to 
take  the  form  so  well  known  in  A.  loveni.  Mortensen  has  recently 
shown  (12,  p.  264)  that  this  development  of  the  ventral  spine  usu- 
ally begins  to  show  itself  when  the  disk  reaches  a  diameter  of  be- 
tween 15  mm.  and  20  mm.,  but  that  it  may  begin  very  much  later; 
thus  in  one  of  the  specimens  which  he  studied,  in  which  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  was  20  mm.,  the  ventral  spine  had  not  yet  begun  to  elon- 
gate. It  is  not  surprising,  therefore,  that  in  my  specimen  the  ven- 
tral spine  has  not  yet  taken  on  its  normal  development. 

But  by  way  of  compensation  I  notice  in  the  specimen  from  station 
5444,  which  has  a  disk  diameter  of  only  13.5  mm.,  an  elongation  of 
the  first  ventral  spine  20  mm.  beyond  the  disk,  and  a  little  further 
on  this  spine  reaches  almost  the  length  of  a  segment. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         35 

Family  GORGONOCEPHALIDAE. 

ASTROTHAMNUS  DEFICIENS,  new  species. 

Plate  1,  figs.  1-10. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5605,  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes-;  Do- 
depo  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.93  kilometers  (5.9  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  21'  33"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.) ;  1,183  meters 
(647  fathoms) ;  November  16,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  158,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  unfortunately  is  not  in  a  very  good 
state  of  preservation;  the  arms  are  broken  up  into  numerous  frag- 
ments, and  two  of  them  are  entirely  lacking.  However,  poor  as  it 
is,  it  can  be  satisfactorily  studied  and  described,  and  it  is  evident 
that  it  can  not  be  referred  to  any  known  species. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  21  mm.;  the  arms  must  have  had  a 
length  of  between  120  mm.  and  140  mm.  They  are  unbranched  for 
their  entire  length.  The  disk  is  thick  and  reaches  6.5  mm.  in  height. 
The  dorsal  surface  is  depressed  in  the  central  region,  and  the  ventral 
surface  is  strongly  convex;  the  radial  and  interradial  regions  are 
strongly  excavated  at  the  periphery.  The  arms  at  their  bases  are 
very  distinct  from  the  disk;  they  measure  5.5  mm.  in  width  and 
6  mm.  in  height ;  they  taper  very  gradually,  but  their  height  always 
remains  a  little  greater  than  their  width.  Their  dorsal  surface  is 
strongly  convex,  and  by  strongly  rounded  borders  passes  over  into 
the  sides,  which  are  vertical ;  their  ventral  surface  is  almost  flat. 

On  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  there  are  10  much-elevated  ribs, 
which  arise  in  the  central  region  and,  progressively  increasing  in 
height  and  width,  reach  the  periphery.  The  two  ribs  of  each  pair 
are  strongly  divergent,  and  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  they  are 
separated  from  each  other  by  an  interval  of  about  7  mm.,  within 
which  lies  the  base  of  the  arm.  The  border  of  the  disk  is  rather 
strongly  excavated  between  the  extremities  of  the  radial  ribs,  and 
these  on  either  side  pass  beyond  the  base  of  the  corresponding  arm. 
The  radial  spaces  between  the  two  ribs  of  each  pair  and  the  inter- 
radial  spaces  between  the  pairs  are  rather  strongly  depressed.  The 
whole  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small  and  thinr 
though  not  transparent,  plates,  which  are  more  or  less  imbricated, 
irregularly  polygonal,  with  the  free  border  slightly  raised,  and 
which  become  larger  over  the  radial  ribs  where  they  are  about  1  mm. 
in  diameter;  they  are  smaller  in  the  radial  spaces,  becoming  still 
smaller  in  the  interradial  spaces.  Their  dimensions  still  further 
decrease  toward  the  center  of  the  disk,  and  they  finally  become 
excessively  reduced  in  the  central  region.  Over  the  radial  ribs  some 
of  these  plates  are  raised  up  into  a  large  conical  and  pointed  tubercle. 


36  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

of  which  the  base  occupies  the  whole  surface  of  the  plate,  and  the 
height  is  a  little  greater  than  the  breadth.  These  tubercles  are  ar- 
ranged one  behind  the  other  in  a  single,  though  very  irregular,  row. 
extending  over  two-thirds  of  the  length  of  the  radial  ribs;  they 
become  more  numerous  at  the  ends  of  the  ribs,  where  they  form 
a  little  group;  they  pass  onto  the  lateral  faces  of  the  ribs  on  either 
side  of  the  base  of  the  arms,  but  they  do  not  reach  the  ventral  sur- 
face. In  the  interradial  spaces  the  border  of  the  disk  shows  a  row 
of  similar  tubercles  extending  from  the  extremity  of  one  radial  rib 
to  that  of  the  other.  In  the  radial  spaces  at  the  bases  of  the  arms 
there  are  a  few  additional  tuberosities,  but  these  are  smaller  and 
only  two  or  three  in  number  in  each  space.  The  other  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  quite  unarmed. 

The  lateral  surfaces  of  the  disk  included  between  the  much-swollen 
distal  ends  of  the  radial  ribs  are  narrow  and  very  strongly  depressed 
into  a  sort  of  oval  pit  on  the  borders  of  which  are  the  genital  slits, 
which  are  rather  short  and  narrow,  and  arranged  parallel  to  each 
other.  The  ventral  border  of  the  interradial  depression  forms  a 
somewhat  projecting  edge  on  which  are  some  conical  tubercles,  iden- 
tical with  those  of  the  radial  ribs,  which  on  the  sides  pass  into  the 
arm  spines. 

•  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small  polygonal 
plates  which  are  unequal,  very  close  together,  not  imbricated,  but  in- 
stead very  exactly  in  contact,  forming  a  true  pavement.  These  plates 
are  continued  onto  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms,  becoming  there  a 
little  larger  and  somewhat  thicker.  Further,  there  appear  toward  the 
base  of  the  arms  and  on  certain  of  them  small  short  conical  tubercles, 
with  rounded  tips,  very  much  smaller  than  the  tubercles  of  the  disk, 
which  are  continued  in  varying  numbers  onto  about  twenty  of  the 
arm  segments;  these  little  tubercles  disappear  with  the  progressive 
tapering  of  the  arms. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  plates  are  quite  invisible,  for  these  ele- 
ments are  hidden  beneath  a  covering  of  small  plates  identical  with 
those  which  cover  the  rest  of  the  ventral  surface.  The  mouth  angles 
carry  a  bundle  of  dental  spines  which  are  very  close  together,  elon- 
gated, flattened,  and  rounded  at  the  tip ;  the  ventral  surface  of  these 
spines  shows  a  very  evident  groove  throughout  their  whole  length. 
The  sides  of  the  mouth  angles  are  simply  furnished  with  very  small 
granules  passing  gradually  into  the  neighboring  plates,  which  are 
entirely  flattened;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  mouth  angles,  behind 
the  bundle  of  dental  papillae,  likewise  shows  small  granules  which 
become  obliterated  and  flattened  little  by  little  as  the  distance  from 
the  papillae  increases,  and  which  similarly  pass  over  into  the  plates 
of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         37 

The  arm  segments  are  indicated  by  a  succession  of  rings,  alter- 
nately slightly  projecting  and  slightly  depressed,  which  appear  on 
the  dorsal  surface  and  on  the  sides  of  the  arms.  The  projecting  por- 
tions show  for  the  most  part  two  fairly  regular  rows  of  little 
rounded  and  projecting  nipples  which  serve  for  the  insertion-of- the 
hook.  Through  almost  the  entire  length  of  the  arms  these  hooks  are 
for  the  most  part  torn  away,  and  it  is  easy  to  make  out  in  the  middle 
of  the  nipples  the  characteristic  small  central  depression.  Between 
these  two  ranges  of  nipples  and  outside  of  them  the  surface  of  the 
segment  is  covered  by  little  plates  with  a  swollen  surface,  which  are 
somewhat  unequal,  polygonal  or  rounded  in  outline,  and  which  pass 
over  into  the  very  much  lower  and  imbricated  plates  covering  the 
depressed  regions  of  the  arms.  These  last  are  narrow,  vertically 
elongated,  and  form  several  irregular  rows. 

The  hooks  borne  by  the  nipples  measure  0.4  mm.  in  length.  Their 
form  is  very  simple,  and  they  do  not  show  any  accessory  tooth  below 
their  very  strongly  recurved  and  pointed  tip.  In  figure  5  I  give  a 
photograph  of  one  of  them. 

The  double  rows  of  hooks  follow  each  other  with  very  great  regu- 
larity, except  on  the  four  or  five  first  arm  segments,  where  thejy  are 
not  as  yet  very  regularly  arranged,  and  they  continue  throughout 
the  whole  length  of  the  arm.  They  may  be  very  easily  distinguished 
on  the  photographs  which  I  give  of  arms  viewed  laterally  and  at 
different  parts  of  their  length  (figs.  3,  6). 

The  arm  spines  or  tentacle  scales  first  appear  on  the  pores  of  the 
second  pair,  which  show  sometimes  a  single,  sometimes  two  spines; 
the  pores  of  the  third  pair  are  usually  provided  with  three  spines; 
those  of  the  fourth  pair  have  three  and  sometimes  four,  and  beyond 
the  fifth  pair  the  number  is  four ;  this  number  is  maintained  through- 
out the  greater  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms.  These  spines  are  large, 
short,  thick,  and  conical,  with  the  point  blunted ;  the  three  first  are 
subequal,  and  their  length  almost  equals  two-thirds  the  length  of 
the  segment;  the  fourth  (dorsal)  spine  is  a  little  smaller  and  a  little 
more  slender  than  the  others.  Their  surface  is  somewhat  rugose  and, 
under  the  microscope,  it  shows  only  very  fine,  short,  and  crowded 
spinules.  The  four  spines  are  very  close  together,  forming  a  short 
transverse  row,  which  lies  for  the  most  part  on  the  ventral  surface 
of  the  arms. 

The  number  of  the  spines  diminishes  only  near  the  tip  of  the 
arm,  and  they  finally  become  reduced  to  two,  at  the  same  time  becom- 
ing relatively  more  slender,  but  without  ever  transforming  into 
hooks. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  uniform  gra}\ 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — This  ophiuran  appears  to  me 
to  fall  within  the  genus  Astrothamnus  which  was  erected  by  Matsu- 


38  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

moto  in  1915,  and  which  now  includes  six  species;  these  are  A. 
bellator,  A.  vecors,  and  A.  rig  ens,  which  I  formerly  placed  in  the 
genus  Astrotoma,  and  three  new  species,  one  from  Japan,  A. 
echinaceus,  described  by  Matsumoto,  another  from  Bass  Strait,  A. 
rugosuSj  recently  described  by  H.  L.  Clark,  and  a  third,  described 
still  more  recently  by  the  same  author,  A.  rugosus. 

Astrothamnus  deficiens  seems  to  approach  most  closely  A. 
echinaceus  on  account  of  the  presence  on  the  disk  of  rather  numerous 
conical  protuberances;  but  it  is  distinguished  from  that  form  by 
the  occurrence  of  four  arm  spines  instead  of  three ;  the  pores  of  the 
second  pair  already  possess  one  or  two  spines,  while  these  first  appear 
on  the  pores  of  the  third  pair  in  the  Japanese  species.  Furthermore, 
in  A.  deficiens  the  dental  papillae  are  flattened,  rounded  at  the  tip, 
and  canaliculate  throughout  their  entire  length,  while  in  the  Japanese 
species  they  are  conical  and  pointed  (see  Matsumoto,  '17,  p.  86, 
fig.  25). 

Astrothamnus  deftciens  can  not  be  confused  with  A.  rugosus  H.  L. 
Clark,  which  was  discovered  by  the  Endeavour  south  of  Australia  in 
between  146  and  365  meters  (80  and  200  fathoms)  and  which  is  dis- 
tinguished by  its  more  slender  and  longer  arms,  by  the  number  of 
the  arm  spines,  etc. 

Order  II.  LOEMOPHIURIDA. 

Family  HEMIEURYALIDAE. 

OPHIOMOERIS  OBSTRICTA   (Lyman). 

Plate  5,  figs.  3  and  4. 

Ophioceramis  obstricta  LYMAN  ('82),  p.  26,  pi.  11,  figs.  1-3. 
Ophiurases  obstrictus  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  250,  fig.  122;  ('15),  p.  190. 
Ophiomoeris  obstricta  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  65;   ('17),  p.  140. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  4893 ;  Eastern  Sea,  between  10  and  20 
miles  (18.53-37.06  kilometers)  southwest  of  the  Goto  Islands;  Ose 
Saki:  Light  bearing  N.  2°  W.,  10  miles  (18.53  kilometers)  distant 
(lat.  32°  26'  30"  N.,  long.  128°  36'  30"  E.)  247  meters  (135  fathoms), 
August  9,  1906. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41007,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.— The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  3  mm.,  and  none  of  the 
arms  is  complete.  The  individual  agrees  well  with  the  figures  and 
with  the  notes  published  in  1911  by  H.  L.  Clark,  who  completed  and 
corrected  Lyman's  original  description ;  I  notice  only  that  the  clorso- 
central  plate  is  simply  pentagonal  and  that  it  does  not  show  the 
sinuous  outline  represented  by  H.  L.  Clark.  The  first  under  arm 
plate  is  rectangular,  broader  proximally  than  distally,  as  he  shows, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         39 

but  it  is  relatively  larger  and  broader  in  my  specimen;  the  upper 
arm  plates  are  also  more  broadened,  and  are  very  much  broader 
than  long.  The  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  not  always 
separated;  only  on  two  pairs  does  the  line  of  separation  show  the 
conical  tubercles  which  were  figured  by  H.  L.  Clark;  in  the  three 
other  pairs  the  radial  shields  are  in  contact  for  half  their  length, 
and  the  tubercles  are  not  yet  developed  on  the  line  of  separation, 
probably  because  of  the  youth  of  the  individual.  My  specimen  must 
be  smaller  than  that  figured  by  H.  L.  Clark,  in  which  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  apparently  reached  5  mm.  The  under  arm  plates  decrease 
very  rapidly  in  size,  but  the  fourth  and  following  are  broken  up  into 
a  number  of  small  rounded  fragments. 

I  give  here  two  photographs  of  the  Albatross  specimen,  which 
complete  the  data  which  we  already  have  on  O.  obstricta. 

Matsumoto  has  very  recently  described  ('15,  p.  65)  a  new  species 
of  the  genus  Ophio?noeris,  O.  projecta,  found  in  Japan  at  a  depth  of 
300  fathoms.  I  do  not  believe  that  it  can  be  referred  to  the  species 
of  Ophiomoeris  dredged  by  the  Albatross,  for  in  0.  projector  the 
radial  shields  are  in  contact  for  half  their  length  and  the  disk  bears 
large  and  prominent  granules,  which  are  found  both  on  the  distal 
border  of  and  along  the  line  of  division  between  the  radial  shields; 
sometimes  these  granules  even  occur  on  the  outer  sides  of  the  shields, 
a  feature  not  evident  in  my  specimen.  These  differences  may  be  ap- 
preciated by  a  comparison  of  my  photographs  with  the  figures  pub- 
lished by  Matsumoto  in  1917  ('17,  p.  141,  fig.  35). 

Ophiomoeris  obstricta  was  first  dredged  by  the  Challenger  in  lati- 
tude 5°  S.,  longitude  132°  E.,  at  a  depth  of  236  meters  (129  fathoms). 
The  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  and  studied  by  H.  L.  Clark 
were  from  latitude  30°-32°  N.,  longitude  128°-130°  E.,  and  were 
dredged  at  depths  varying  from  174  to  247  meters  (95  to  135  fathoms). 

H.  L.  Clark  thought  it  necessary  to  create  for  Lyman's  Ophiocera- 
mis  obstri.cta  a  new  genus,  which  he  called  Ophiurases,  but  he  evi- 
dently either  forgot  or  misunderstood  the  genus  Ophiomoeris  which 
I  created  in  1904  for  a  new  species,  0.  spin&sa,  discovered  by  the 
Siboga,  and  in  which  I  had  placed  Lyman's  Ophioceramis  obstricta 
and  0.  clausa,  as  well  as  my  own  0.  tenera  (Kcehler  '04,  p.  17),  of 
which  he  says  nothing.  The  genus  Ophiurases  is  absolutely  synony- 
mous with  the  genus  Ophiomoeris,  which  has  precedence,  and  it  must 
therefore  disappear  from  zoological  nomenclature.  Matsumoto  did 
not  mention  it  in  the  enumeration  of  the  genera  which  he  assigns  to 
the  subfamily  Ophiochondrinae,  and  he  states  that  Ophiurases  ob- 
strictus  H.  L.  Clark,  1911,  is  a  synonym  of  Ophiomoeris  obstricta 
Kcehler  (Matsumoto  '15,  p.  65). 


40  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOMOERIS  SPINOSA  Kcehler. 

Ophiomoeris  spinosa  KCEHLEB   ('04),  p.  17,  pi.  4,  figs.  1-3. — H.  L.  CLABK 
('15),  p.  190. 

Locality.— Albatross  station,  5577;  north  of  Tawi  Tawi;  Mount 
Dromedario  bearing  S.  9°  W.,  20.20  kilometers  (10.9  miles)  distant 
(lat.  5°  20'  36"  N.,  long.  119°  58'  51"  E.)  ;  439  meters  (240  fathoms) ; 
September  23,  1909 ;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41006,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — This  specimen  is  slightly  smaller  than  those  dredged  by 
the  Siboga;  one  of  the  arms  is  broken  off  at  the  base. 

The  Siboga  collected  Ophiomoeris  spinosa  in  latitude  5°  N.-5°  S., 
and  longitude  119°-132°  E.,  at  depths  varying  from  104  to  1901 
meters  (57  to  1,040  fathoms). 

OPHIOMOERIS  TENERA  Kcehler. 

Ophioceramis  tenera  K<EHLER  ('96),  p.  317,  pi.  6,  figs.  30,  31;  ('99),  p.  33,  pi. 

5,  figs.  42,  43. 
Ophiomoeris  tenera  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  17.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  190. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5423,  Jolo  Sea,  Cagayan  Island  (S.) 
bearing  S.  11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30" 
N.,long.  121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms) ;  March  31, 1909; 
gy.  M.,  co.  S. 

Two  small  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41005,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — These  specimens  are  smaller  than  the  type  of  the  species, 
but  agree  very  well  with  it. 

Ophiomoeris  tenera  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator  among  the 
Andaman  and  Laccadive  Islands  in  depths  between  484  to  1,160 
meters  (265  and  636  fathoms). 

OPHIOGYPTIS  NODOSA  Kcehler. 

Plate  6,  figs.  5,  6. 

Ophiogyptis  noaosa  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  121,  pi.  12,  figs.  11-14.— H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  193. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5414;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis 
Point  Light  bearing  N.  67°  W.,  17.61  kilometers  (9.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  10'  40"  N.,  long.  124°  02'  45"  E.) ;  March  24,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41004,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  very  small,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  being 
only  2.5  mm. ;  three  of  the  arms  are  broken  off  close  to  the  disk  and 
the  two  others  are  preserved  for  only  a  portion  of  their  length. 

I  described  O.  nodosa  from  several  specimens  collected  by  the 
Siboga  among  the  Sunda  Islands  at  depths  between  73  and  113  meters 
(40  and  72  fathoms)  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varied  between 
3  and  5  mm.  The  Albatross  specimen  has  almost  the  same  dimensions 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         41 

as  the  smallest  of  these  individuals,  but  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk,  of  which  the  outlines  are  more  distinct,  as  well  as 
the  tubercles  which  adorn  them,  have  a  slightly  different  arrange- 
ment, as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  photograph  which  I  give  here 
(pi.  6,  fig.  5)  with  the  drawing  which  I  published  in  1905  (-'£5,  pi. 
12,  fig.  12).  Beyond  the  dorsocentral  plate,  which  is  rounded,  there 
is  a  circlet  of  five  radials  a  little  larger  than  the  latter  and  irregularly 
lozenge  shaped,  separated  from  the  dorsocentral  by  a  circlet  of  very 
small  plates ;  beyond  the  first  circlet  there  is  another  circlet  of  rather 
large  radial  plates,  each  of  which  separates  the  two  radial  shields  of 
each  pair.  On  either  side  of  the  group  formed  by  these  two  large 
radial  plates  there  are  two  or  three  very  much  smaller  plates.  The 
remainder  of  the  interradial  space  is  also  occupied  by  a  few  plates, 
which  are  also  very  small.  All  of  the  large  plates  bear  toward  their 
distal  angle  a  large  blunted  conical  tubercle,  and  most  of  the  small 
plates  also  carry  a  tubercle  of  reduced  size.  These  small  tubercles  are 
often  arranged  in  such  a  way  as  to  form  a  row  along  the  borders  of 
the  large  primary  radial  plates.  The  radial  shields  are  rather  small, 
smaller  than  in  the  Siboga  specimens,  and  the  two  shields  of  each 
pair  are  divergent  and  widely  separated  proximally,  but  approach 
each  other  closely  distally ;  these  shields  are  prolonged  along  the  sides 
of  the  first  upper  arm  plate.  The  two  first  upper  arm  plates  are  not 
in  contact,  but  are  separated  by  a  rather  large  interval  occupied  by 
the  side  arm  plates.  The  fragmentation  of  the  under  arm  plates 
begins  beyond  the  third.  The  genital  slits,  which  are  very  distinct  in 
spite  of  the  small  size  of  the  specimen,  are  oval  in  shape. 

Family  OPHIOMYCETIDAE. 

OPHIOMYCES  DELATA  Kcehler. 

Plate  22,  figs.  11,  12 ;  plate  96,  fig.  13. 

Ophiomyces  delata  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  100,  pi.  17,  fig.  9;  pi.  18,  figs.  1,  2. — 
H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  221. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5647;  Buton  Strait,  North  Island 
(S.)  bearing  S.  87°  E.,  21.50  kilometers  (11.6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
5°  34'  00"  S.,  long.  122°  18'  15"  E.) ;  949  meters  (519  fathoms) ; 
December  16,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  41321,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Buginkali  Point 
bearing  S.  67°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  43'  50" 
S.,  long.  121°  23'  24"  E.)  ;  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms)  ;  December 
17,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41320  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  individual  from  station  5647  is  larger  than  the  other, 
and  the  arms  reach  a  length  of  25  mm.;  the  disk,  which  is  entirely 


42  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

torn  away,  must  have  had  a  diameter  of  about  10  mm.  The  other 
specimen  is  entire;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.,  and  the  arms 
are  20  mm.  long.  I  give  here  two  photographs  of  this  specimen  (pi. 
22,  figs.  11,  12),  as  well  as  some  photographs  of  isolated  arm  spines 
(pi.  96,  fig.  13),  showing  the  very  small  ventral  («,  b)  and  the  much 
larger  dorsal  (<?). 

The  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga  upon  which  I  established 
the  species  were  dredged  between  latitude  6°  N.  and  4°  S.,  and  be- 
tween longitude  120°-131°  E.  at  depths  varying  between  350  and 
4,239  meters  (191  to  2,311  fathoms). 

Family  OPHIACANTHIDAE. 
OPHIODICTYS,  new  genus. 

Description. — The  genus  Ophiodictys  has  certain  affinities  with 
the  genus  Ophioplinthaca,  but  it  is  remarkable  for  the  presence  on 
the  distal  border  of  the  side  arm  plates  of  a  little  row  of  hooks,  about 
six  on  each  plate,  which  appear  at  a  short  distance  from  the  base  of 
the  arm;  these  hooks  precede  the  ordinary  arm  spines,  which  are 
inserted  beyond  them.  In  the  terminal  portion  of  the  arms  the  ordi- 
nary spines  disappear  and  the  hooks  alone  persist.  These  hooks  are 
absolutely  identical  with  those  which  exist  in  the  Phrynophiurida  of 
Matsumoto,  but  the  external  characters  of  the  skeleton  do  not  permit 
of  assigning  this  new  ophiuran  to  any  of  the  known  forms  in  that 
order ;  on  the  contrary,  it  recalls  the  Loemophiurida.  I  believe  that 
this  new  genus  should  be  placed  among  the  genera  of  the  family 
Ophiacanthidae,  from  all  of  which,  however,  it  differs  completely 
through  the  occurrence  of  the  hooks  which  I  have  just  described. 
It  thus  seems  to  me  to  form  a  very  interesting  intermediate  between 
the  Phrysophiurida  and  the  Loemophiurida. 

Type  of  the  genus. — Ophiodictys  uncinatus,  new  species. 

OPHIODICTYS  UNCINATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  7,  figs.  ^-11. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5668;  Macassar  Strait;  Mamuju 
Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  19.64  kilometers  (10.6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  2°  28'  15"  S.,  long.  118°  49'  00"  E.)  ;  1,648  meters  (901 
fathoms)  ;  December  29, 1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41017,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  in  very  good  condition ;  three  arms 
are  preserved  entire,  the  two  others  being  broken  off  some  distance 
from  the  base.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  8  mm. ;  the  arms,  which 
are  rather  flattened,  are  between  45  mm.  and  50  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded  and  the  dorsal  surface  is  flattened.  It  is 
strongly  concave  in  the  interradial  spaces,  and  each  of  the  incisions 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         43 

is  continued  over  the  dorsal  surface  in  the  form  of  a  deep  and  nar- 
row depression  which  reaches  almost  to  the  center.  The  dorsal  sur- 
face is  covered  by  rather  large,  somewhat  unequal,  imbricated  plates 
smallest  in  the  central  region  and  becoming  larger  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  radial  shields  as  well  as  in  the  interradial  spacer  A 
row  of  two  or  three  large  plates  separates  the  two  radial  shields  of 
each  pair  throughout  their  entire  length.  These  shields,  which  are 
of  moderate  dimensions,  are  triangular,  half  again  as  long  as  broad, 
with  the  external  border  convex  and  the  proximal  angle  rounded; 
their  length  is  equal  to  almost  two  and  a  half  times  the  radius  of 
the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small  subequal 
imbricated  plates.  The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad. 

The  radial  rather  small  shields  are  triangular,  as  broad  as  long, 
with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides  and  a 
strongly  convex  distal  border  showing  in  the  middle  a  small,  more 
or  less  developed,  rounded  lobe  which  may  give  to  some  of  these 
shields  an  almost  lozenge-shaped  form.  The  adoral  plates  are  short 
and  rather  broad,  broader  without  than  within.  The  oral  plates 
are  triangular,  but  elongated,  more  than  twice  as  high  as  broad. 
The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  five  in  number,  are  A^ery  unequal;  the 
three  outermost  papillae  are  broadened  and  scale-like,  especially  the 
two  last;  the  two  internal  papillae,  on  the  other  hand,  are  small, 
narrow  and  pointed;  the  unpaired  terminal  papillae  is  rather  large 
and  strong. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large  and  much  broadened,  triangular, 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal 
angle  bordered  by  gently  rounded  sides,  and  an  almost  straight 
distal  border.  At  some  distance  from  the  base  the  proximal  angle 
becomes  truncated,  and  the  plates  become  quadrangular,  with  a 
short  proximal  border.  In  the  terminal  portion  of  the  arms  the 
proximal  angle  reappears  and  even  becomes  very  acute,  while  at 
the  same  time  the  plates  elongate  so  that  they  end  by  being  a  little 
longer  than  broad.  These  plates  are  in  contact,  except  near  the 
arm  tips. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  parallel  sides 
passing  over  rounded  angles  into  the  distal  border  which  is  narrow 
and  gently  convex.  The  following  plates  are  very  large,  extremely 
broad,  twice  as  broad  as  long ;  they  are  quadrangular  with  an  almost 
straight  proximal  border,  and  a  very  broad  and  convex  distal 
border  showing  in  the  center  a  more  or  less  marked  notch  and  pass- 
ing over  by  sharp  angles  into  the  sides  which  are  divergent  and 
strongly  excavated  by  the  corresponding  tentacular  pores.  In  the 
terminal  portion  of  the  arms  the  plates  become  pentagonal  with  an 


44  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

acute  proximal  angle,  and  they  are  then  longer  than  broad.  These 
plates  are  almost  in  contact  throughout  the  length  of  the  arm,  but 
in  the  terminal  portion  they  end  by  being  separated  by  an  extremely 
narrow  interval  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  side  arm  plates  project  only  slightly.  They  bear  on  their  sides 
as  well  as  on  their  ventral  border  a  series  of  spines  numbering  five 
at  the  base  of  the  arms ;  this  figure  falls  to  four  at  some  distance  from 
the  disk.  These  spines  are  shorter  than  the  segment,  and  are  ap- 
pressed  against  the  lateral  surface  of  the  arms ;  they  are  rather  thick, 
cylindrical,  and  rugose.  The  little  asperities  which  they  show  become 
more  marked  toward  their  tips,  which  are  rounded,  and  they  then 
form  short  and  extremely  small  spinules.  These  spines  are  all  sub- 
cqual  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  segment.  In  the  distal  half  of  the 
arm  their  number  falls  to  three,  then  to  two,  and  finally  they  dis- 
appear entirely.  On  the  first  arm  segments  the  insertion  of  the  first 
dorsal  spine  is  very  close  to  the  external  angle  of  the  corresponding 
upper  arm  plate,  then  on  the  following  segments  it  gradually  draws 
away  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  on  the  anterior  border  of  each 
side  arm  plate,  a  rather  broad  area  bare  of  spines.  This  area  is 
occupied  by  a  row  of  little  hooks,  which  at  first  are  two  or  three  in 
number,  but  later  as  many  as  six.  These  hooks  (figs.  4,  7)  formed 
of  an  entirely  transparent  substance,  end  in  a  recurved  and  pointed 
tip  below  which  are  one  or  two  teeth.  They  are  inserted  on  a  little 
elevation,  in  the  form  of  a  rounded  nipple,  of  the  free  border  of 
the  side  arm  plate  (fig.  8).  These  nipples  are  very  conspicuous  and 
they  indicate  the  places  where  the  hooks  originally  stood  (fig.  5) 
after  they  have  been  torn  off.  The  hooks  measure  from  0.5  mm.  to 
0.6  mm.  in  length  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  gradually  decreasing  in 
length  distally ;  those  which  I  have  represented  in  figure  4  in  plate  7, 
and  which  are  from  the  terminal  third  of  an  arm,  are  not  more  than 
0.2  mm.  in  length ;  the  broadened  basal  part,  provided  with  numerous 
orifices  and  composed  of  a  compact  substance,  is  rather  short,  almost 
as  long  as  broad,  and  its  length  equals  almost  a  third  of  the  total 
length  of  the  hook.  The  hook  proper,  which  is  formed  of  an  abso- 
lutely transparent  substance,  terminates  in  a  very  long  tooth,  which 
is  recurved,  so  as  to  form  a  right  angle  with  the  principal  portion 
of  the  hook,  which  it  almost  equals  in  length.  Behind  this  terminal 
tooth  there  are  three  or  four  other  teeth,  which  are  very  much  smaller 
and  diminish  rapidly  in  size  toward  the  base,  near  which  there 
appears  again  a  last  tooth  larger  than  the  preceding.  In  the  proximal 
region  the  hyaline  part  of  the  tooth  shows  from  three  to  five  succes- 
sive rounded  or  oval  orifices,  which  are  often  regularly  arranged  one 
after  the  other. 

The  tentacular  pores  each  have  two  unequal  scales ;  the  external  is 
very  large  and  broad,  rounded,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  while  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        45 

internal  is  very  much  narrower  although  almost  as  long  as  the  first; 
this  internal  scale  may  be  lacking  on  certain  pores,  or  it  may  be  so 
small  as  to  be  completely  hidden  by  the  external  scale. 
The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  grayish  white. 

OPHIACANTHA  BENIGNA,  new  species. 

Plate  16,  tigs.  5,  6. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5592 ;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicin- 
ity; Silungan  Island  (M.)  bearing  N.  1°  W.,  11.86  kilometers 
(6.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  12'  44"  N.,  long.  118°  27'  44"  E.)  ;  558 
meters  (305  fathoms)  ;  September  29,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41235,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. ;  the  arms  are 
about  20  mm.  in  length,  and  are  more  or  less  rolled  up. 

The  disk  is  subpentagonal.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with 
small,  short,  closely  crowded  club-spines  with  their  bases  greatly 
broadened,  each  one  inserted  upon  a  small  rounded  plate,  which  is 
not  very  distinct  and  which  can  only  be  made  out  on  certain  portions 
of  the  disk.  These  club  spines  taper  rapidly  and  terminate  in  a  crown 
of  four  or  five  very  short  and  divergent  spinules.  The  radial  shields 
are  distinct;  they  are  small,  triangular,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
and  not  in  contact  though  rather  close  to  each  other. 

That  part  of  the  ventral  surface  which  lies  beyond  the  mouth 
shield  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  insignificant;  it  is  covered  with 
little  club-spines  similar  to  those  on  the  dorsal  surface,  but  smaller. 
The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  a  little  broader 
than  long,  triangular,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  bounded  by 
two  slightly  concave  sides,  and  the  distal  side  strongly  convex  with 
rather  sharp  lateral  angles.  The  adoral  plates  are  extremely  broad, 
and  their  longer  borders  are  almost  parallel ;  they  are  half  again  as 
broad  as  long,  scarcely  narrower  outwardly  than  inwardly.  The  oral 
plates  are  triangular  and  rather  high.  The  lateral  papillae  are  three 
in  number  (I  find  in  one  instance  four  of  them)  rather  small,  short, 
and  conical,  but  the  distal  papilla  is  a  little  more  broadened  than  the 
others;  the  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  thick  and  strong.  The  sur- 
face of  these  papillae  is  very  rugose. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small  and  triangular  with  a  proximal 
rather  open  angle  and  a  rounded  distal  border.  The  first  two  or 
three  are  a  little  broader  than  long,  the  following  becoming  almost  as 
long  as  broad.  They  are  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arm  outward 
by  a  rather  broad  interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  quadrangular,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  a  broad  and  slightly  excavated  proximal  border,  and  a 


46  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

narrow  and  rounded  distal  border.  The  two  or  three  following 
plates  are  triangular,  with  an  extremely  obtuse  proximal  angle,  much 
rounded  lateral  angles,  and  a  convex  distal  border;  they  are  three 
times  as  broad  as  long.  Those  following  become  less  broad,  and  as- 
sume a  pentagonal  shape  with  two  short  lateral  borders.  These 
plates  are  separated  beyond  the  second. 

The  slightly  projecting  side  arm  plates  bear  six  extremely  short, 
thick  and  cylindrical  spines  with  the  point  blunted.  The  first  ven- 
tral spine  is  shorter  than  the  segment,  and  the  last  scarcely  equals  a 
segment  and  a  half,  except  on  the  first  segment,  where  its  length  is 
slightly  greater.  On  the  first  segment  the  two  lateral  columns  of 
spines  come  extremely  close  together  in  the  dorsal  median  line  of  the 
arm  and  are  almost  continuous,  but  beyond  this  they  are  widely  sepa- 
rated. The  surface  of  the  spines  is  simply  rugose. 

All  of  the  arm  plates,  as  also  the  mouth  plates,  are  covered  with 
little  rounded  granules  which  are  very  close  together,  though  not 
in  contact. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  small  and  conical  with  the  point  obtuse. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — OpMacantlia  benigna  is  closely 
related  to  O.  brevispina  Kcehler,  which  it  recalls  in  the  shortness  of 
the  arm  spines  and  in  the  breadth  of  the  adoral  plates,  but  it  differs 
from  it  in  the  form  of  the  latter,  which  are  still  more  broadened,  by 
t  he  narrower  and  more  elongated  mouth  papillae,  by  the  rather  closely 
placed  radial  shields,  by  the  absence  of  ribs  on  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk,  and  in  the  under  arm  plates  which  are  at  first  remarkably 
broadened;  also  in  0.  brevispina  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  consists  simply  of  fine  and  closely  placed  granules  end- 
ing in  a  few  extremely  short  spinules. 

OPHIACANTHA  COMPOSITA  Kcehler. 

Plate  23,  figs.  5,  6,  7 ;  plate  93,  fig.  4. 

See  for  bibliography : 
Ophiacantha  composlta  KCEHLER  ('07),  p.  289;  ('09),  p.  188. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5119;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  35.03  kilometers  (18.9 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  45'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  30'  30"  E.) ;  721  meters 
(394  fathoms)  ;  January  21,  1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41134,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5601r/;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Limbe  Island 
(NE.  bearing  N.  38.36  kilometers  (20.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  1°  13' 
10"  N.,  long.  125°  17'  05"  E.)  ;  1,399  meters  (765  fathoms)  ;  Novem- 
ber 13,  1909;  S.,  Glob.  Ptr. 

One  specimen  in  poor  condition  (Cat.  No.  41132,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         47 

Albatross  station  5630;  south  of  Patiente  Strait;  Doworra  Island 
(N.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  56' 
30"  S.,  long.  128°  05'  00"  E.;  1,040  meters  (569  fathoms) ;  December 
2, 1909;  co.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41133,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — These  specimens  are  of  rather  small  size;  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  does  not  exceed  6  mm.  in  those  from  stations  5119  and  5630, 
and  is  only  3  mm.  in  that  from  station  5601.  But  they  show  well  the 
characters  of  0.  composita,  and  the  outermost  mouth  papilla  is 
especially  broadened;  it  is  still  larger  than  in  the  specimens  col- 
lected by  the  Siboga,  and  resembles  that  characteristic  of  the  genus 
Ophiolimna;  it  is  almost  rectangular  and  greatly  elongated.  I 
show  here  the  two  surfaces  of  the  specimen  from  station  5119,  and 
in  figures  5  may  be  seen  the  dimensions  of  this  outer  mouth  pa- 
pilla, which  in  one  of  the  mouth  angles  has  a  tendency  to  become  di- 
vided into  two  equal  halves,  and  in  another  is  almost  completely 
divided  into  two  very  unequal  parts.  This  recalls  a  more  marked 
anomaly  which  I  had  previously  noticed  in  a  specimen  from  the 
Gulf  of  Gascony,  on  which  I  thought  it  possible  to  base  a  new 
species,  which,  however,  I  no  longer  recognize  (see  Koehler  '07,  p. 
290). 

I  have  determined  the  characters  differentiating  0.  composite,  and 
O.  meridionalis  Lyman  which,  like  the  first,  has  the  mouth  papilla 
broadened  (Koehler  '14,  p.  94).  H.  L.  Clark  ('15,  p.  201)  has  pro- 
posed changing  the  name  meridionalis  to  mesembria,  for  he  has 
been  able  to  show  that  the  0 '.  meridionalis  of  Lyman  was  in  reality 
an  O.  pentacrinus. 

The  two  specimens  collected  by  the  Ilirondelle  in  the  North  At- 
lantic which  I  figured  in  1898  under  the  name  of  O.  pentayona,  var. 
armata  ('98,  p.  55)  must  also  be  assigned  to  O.  mesembria. 

OPHIACANTHA  CONFUSA  Koehler. 

Plate  19,  figs.  1,  2. 

Ophiacantha  confusa  K<EHLER  (*05),  p.  59,  pi.  7,  figs.  9-11. 

Locality. — Albatross  Station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz 
Point  (Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.12  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  232  meters  (127  fathoms) ; 
March  24,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41232,  U.S.N.M.) 

Notes. — In  spite  of  a  rather  remarkable  difference  in  the  form  of 
the  adoral  plates.  I  believe  that  this  specimen  must  be  referred  to 
the  species  which  I  described  in  1905  from  a  unique  and  very  small 
specimen  collected  by  the  Siboga  at  the  island  of  Salibabu  at  a  depth 
of  only  36  meters  (19.5  fathoms).  The  diameter  of  the  disk  of  this 


48  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

little  individual  did  not  exceed  3  mm.  and  the  arms  were  18  mm.  in 
length. 

The  Albatross  specimen  is  much  larger,  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
being  6  mm.  and  the  length  of  the  arms  more  than  40  mm.  It  sesms 
to  me  best  to  describe  it  here  as  if  the  species  were  not  yet  known, 
and  I  believe  that  it  will  be  preferable  from  now  on  to  consider  this 
specimen  as  the  type  of  the  species,  the  Siboga  specimen  evidently  not 
having  acquired  its  definitive  characters. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  very  small 
thin  and  transparent  imbricated  plates  which  bear  extremely  small, 
short  and  crowded  club-spines,  of  which  the  length  does  not  greatly 
exceed  the  width,  and  which  terminate  in  three  or  four  very  short  and 
slightly  diverging  spinules.  The  radial  shields  are  distinct ;  they  are 
small,  triangular,  slightly  divergent,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and 
widely  separated. 

In  the  interradial  spaces  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  shows  an 
investment  similar  to  that  of  the  dorsal  surface,  but  the  greater  part 
of  the  plates  are  naked,  doubtless  through  abrasion.  The  genital 
slits  are  very  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  of  medium  size,  triangular,  almost  as  long 
as  broad,  or  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal  angle  almost 
a  right  angle,  slightly  rounded,  and  bounded  by  two  straight  sides ; 
the  distal  border  is  slightly  convex  and  shows  in  the  middle  a  small 
rounded  and  narrow  lobe;  this  lobe  is  already  found  in  the  Siboga 
specimen,  which  is  very  much  smaller.  In  the  photograph  which  I 
reproduce  here  (pi.  19,  fig.  1)  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  is  not 
quite  exact  because  of  the  rather  marked  convexity  of  the  ventral  sur- 
face which  has  led  to  a  slight  distortion  of  the  image.  The  adoral 
plates  are  very  large,  elongated,  tapering  inwardly,  though  in  contact 
by  a  small  straight  border  in  the  median  interradial  line;  they  are 
much  broadened  outwardly  and  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first 
side  arm  plate.  It  is  especially  in  the  elongated  form  of  these  plates 
that  the  Albatross  specimen  differs  from  the  immature  Siboga  indi- 
vidual. The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad 
as  long.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  three  in  number,  are  rather  stout, 
conical  and  pointed;  their  size  increases  slightly  from  the  outermost 
to  the  innermost,  which  is  almost  as  large  as  the  unpaired  terminal 
papilla.  Beyond  the  external  papilla,  which  is  inserted  like  the  pre- 
ceding on  the  oral  plate,  there  may  be  distinguished  another  papilla 
inserted  at  the  external  angle  of  the  first  under  arm  plate  which  is 
elongated,  slender,  pointed,  and  slightly  incurved. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  triangular,  broader  than  long, 
with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  two  straight  sides,  and  a  convex 
distal  border.  They  are  very  widely  separated  from  the  base  of  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         49 

arm  outward  by  an  interval  greater  than  their  own  length  which  is 
entirely  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  triangular,  with  an 
obtuse  and  rounded  distal  'angle  and  similarly  slightly  rounded  sides. 
The  second  is  large,  pentagonal,  very  much  broader  than  long,-with 
a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  slightly  concave  sides,  the 
lateral  borders  excavated  by  the  tentacle  scale,  and  a  very  broad  and 
convex  distal  side.  This  plate  is  not  quite  in  contact  with  the  first. 
The  following  plates  become  smaller,  though  remaining  pentagonal, 
but  the  proximal  angle  finally  becomes  so  obtuse  that  its  two  sides 
are  almost  the  prolongation  of  each  other,  and  the  lateral  borders 
are  almost  straight.  These  plates  are  always  broader  than  long,  and 
they  are  widely  separated. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  strongly  projecting,  carry  seven 
extremely  fine  elongated,  pointed,  vitreous  spines,  which  are  provided 
with  rather  closely  placed  small  denticulations.  The  length  increases 
from  the  first  ventral  spine,  the  length  of  which  exceeds  that  of  the 
segment,  to  the  second  from  the  dorsal  end  of  which  the  length 
reaches  almost  three  segments ;  the  last  dorsal  spine  is  a  little  smaller. 
The  two  lateral  columns  of  spines  come  very  close  together  in  the 
median  dorsal  line  on  the  first  arm  segments. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  rather  large,  but  narrow,  spiniform, 
and  pointed,  and  it  reaches  almost  the  length  of  the  corresponding 
under  arm  plate. 

The  color  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  a  rather  light  brown ; 
the  arms  are  similar  in  color  with  indications  of  spaced  white  rings ; 
the  ventral  surface  is  almost  white. 

I  have  mentioned  above  that  the  Siboga  specimen  was  found  at  a 
littoral  station  (36  meters,  or  19.5  fathoms),  and  therefore  at  a 
depth  less  than  the  Albatross  specimen,  which  comes  from  a  coastal 
station  in  232  meters  (127  fathoms).  This  latter  still  shows  very 
clear  traces  of  a  coloration  indicating  that  it  lived  at  a  relatively 
slight  depth  to  which  some  luminous  radiations  must  have  pene- 
trated. 

OPHIACANTHA   DALLASII   Duncan. 

Plate  16,  figs.  1-3. 

OpMacantha  dallasii  DUNCAN  ('78),  p.  471,  pi.  11,  figs.  25-27. — DODERLEIN 
('96),  p.  291,  pi.  14,  fig.  3;  pi.  16,  fig.  12.— PFEFFER  ('00),  p.  83.— KCEHLEE 
('05),  p.  55.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  198.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  113. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5135;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  S.  46°  W.,  22.07  kilometers  (11.91  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  11' 
50"  N.,  long.  121°  08'  20"  E.)  ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms)  ;  Febru- 
ary 7, 1908 ;  fne.  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40925,  U.S.N.M.). 

55269— 22— Bui.  100 4 


50  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5153;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group: 
Tocanhi  Point  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  3.87  kilometers  (2.1  miles)  distant 
(lat.  5°  18'  10"  N.,  long.  120°  02'  55"  E.)  ;  89  meters  (49  fathoms)  ; 
February  19,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41131,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5399;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  70°  W.,  42.25  kilometers  (22.8  miles)  distant  (lat,  11°  21' 
45"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  E)  ;  58  meters  (32  fathoms)  ;  March  16,  1909; 
S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41130,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — This  species  is  well  marked  and  is  easy  to  recognize.  The 
outlines  of  the  plates  are  not  very  distinct  in  the  photographs  pub- 
lished by  Doderlein,  and  I  am  giving  here  some  photographs  which 
I  have  taken  from  Albatross  specimens.  In  two  of  these  (figs.  2,  3) 
the  tentacle  scales,  of  which  the  shape  was  correctly  shown  by  Dun- 
can (78,  pi.  11,  fig.  27),  may  be  easily  distinguished.  Doderlein 
wrote  in  1899  that  the  tentacle  scale  is  entirely  lacking  in  O.  dallasi; 
this  is  evidently  an  error. 

There  is  some  variation  in  the  development  of  the  spinules  which 
terminate  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  I  have 
already  had  occasion  to  notice  this  fact  in  my  work  on  the  Siboya 
ophiurans  ('05,  p.  55). 

The  type  specimen  of  O.  dallasii  came  from  the  Korean  Sea  (lat.  38° 
N.,  long.  129°  E.,  91  meters  [50  fathoms] ).  The  species  has  been  re- 
discovered at  Amboina  and  at  Ternate,  and  the  Siboga  met  with  it  in 
many  localities  among  the  Sunda  Islands  at  depths  between  15  and 
141  meters  (8  to  77  fathoms).  The  greatest  depth  at  which  O.  dallasi 
has  been  captured  is  that  given  above  for  station  5135,  294  meters 
(161  fathoms). 

OPHIACANTHA  DUPLEX  Kcehler. 

Plate  16,  figs.  7-8. 

Ophiacantha  duplex  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  352,  pi.  8,  figs.  66,  67;   ('99),  p.  60, 

pi.  8,  fig.  67;  pi.  9,  figs.  69,  70.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('10),  p.  206. 
(?)  Ophiacantha  diploa  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  207;  (*15),  p.  198. 
Locality. — Albatross  station  5348;  Palawan  Passage;  Point  Ta- 
bonan  bearing  S.  89°  E.,  62.08  kilometers  (33.0  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  57'  45"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  15"  E.)  ;  686  meters  (375  fathoms) ; 
December  27,  1908 ;  co.,  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat  No.  41141,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.— These  are  smaller  than  the  type  specimen,  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  was  10  mm.;  in  the  three  Albatross  specimens 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm.,  and  the  arms,  which 
are  entire,  are  from  30  mm.  to  35  mm.  in  length.  I  give  here  two 
photographs  of  one  of  these. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         51 

The  type  specimen  of  O.  duplex  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator 
off  Colombo,  Ceylon,  in  1,234  meters  (675  fathoms). 

Under  the  name  of  Ophiacantha  diploa  H.  L.  Clark  in  1911  ('11, 
p.  207)  described  an  ophiuran  from  the  southern  part  of  the  Sea  of 
Japan  (lat.  32°  N.,  long.  132°  E.),  799  meters  (437  fathoms),  which 
differs  from  O.  duplex  only  in  unimportant  features.  In  that 
author's  type  specimen  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7  mm.,  and  the 
arms  are  45  mm.  long.  I  believe  that  in  spite  of  the  differences  in- 
dicated by  H.  L.  Clark,  the  two  represent  the  same  species.  In  the 
Albatross  specimens,  which  unfortunately  are  of  small  size,  I  count 
eight  and  even  nine  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  the  dorsal 
spines  approach  more  closely  the  median  line  than  in  my  type ;  these 
spines,  as  can  be  seen  on  the  twro  photographs  which  I  give  here,  are 
provided  with  very  distinct  denticulations,  while  in  H.  L.  Clark's 
specimens  they  are  almost  smooth.  I  do  not  dare  to  state  in  a  formal 
manner  that  the  two  species  are  identical,  but  it  seems  to  me  very 
probable. 

The  two  photographs  which  I  give  here  will  permit  of  more 
ready  comparisons  than  the  figures  which  I  published  of  0.  duplex 
in  1896  and  in  1899. 

OPHIACANTHA  GRAPHICA,  new  species. 

Plate  18,  figs.  4,  5. 

Locality. — Unknown. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41233,  U.S.N.M.) 

Description. — The  unique  specimen  is  very  well  preserved,  lacking 
only  a  small  part  of  one  of  the  arms ;  it  is  unfortunately  small ;  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  scarcely  exceeds  3  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  18 
mm.  long.  In  spite  of  its  small  dimensions  it  is  well  characterized, 
and  I  do  not  see  any  species  to  which  it  may  be  assigned ;  I  therefore 
consider  it  as  representing  a  new  form. 

The  disk  is  rounded;  the  arms  are  slender,  delicate,  somewhat 
moniliform,  w7ith  the  segments  short  and  close  together. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  very  closely  crowded 
slender  and  elongated  club-spines,  each  terminating  in  three  ex- 
tremely fine  and  slightly  divergent  spinules  of  the  same  length. 
These  club-spines  only  leave  exposed  the  distal  portion  of  the  radial 
shields.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces 
has  a  similar  covering,  but  the  club-spines,  as  well  as  the  spinules 
on  their  summits,  become  shorter  toward  the  mouth  shields.  The 
genital  slits  are  broad  and  very  evident. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular  and 
rather  high,  broader  than  long,  but  the  breadth  does  not  exceed  once 
and  a  half  the  height;  the  proximal  angle  is  obtuse,  bordered  by 


52  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

straight  sides,  and  these,  passing  around  very  rounded  angles,  unite 
to  form  the  distal  border,  which  is  almost  straight.  The  adoral 
plates  are  large  and  broad,  tapering  inwardly,  though  broadly  in 
contact  in  the  median  interradial  line ;  they  are  broadened  outwardly 
and  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The 
oral  plates  are  triangular  and  high,  and  of  medium  size.  The  lat- 
eral mouth  papillae  are  sometimes  three,  sometimes  four  in  num- 
ber; they  are  small  and  conical  with  the  point  blunted;  the  un- 
paired terminal  papilla  is  a  little  larger  than  those  adjacent. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small  and  widely  separated  by  the  side 
arm  plates;  they  are  triangular,  broader  than  long,  with  an  obtuse 
proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides  which  pass  around  by 
sharp  angles  to  the  distal  side,  which  is  gently  rounded.  In  the 
terminal  part  of  the  arms  these  plates  become  a  little  longer  than 
broad. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  trapezoidal,  with  the 
distal  border  straight  and  narrow  and  the  proximal  border  broader, 
passing  by  rounded  angles  into  the  sides ;  these  are  straight  and  con- 
verge toward  the  distal  border,  which  is  narrow  and  straight.  The 
two  or  three  following  plates  are  triangular,  broader  than  long,  with 
an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  large  and  very  convex  distal  border. 
The  second  plate  is  just  in  contact  with  the  first  by  its  proximal 
angle,  and  the  following  are  separated  by  an  interval  which  at  first 
is  very  short,  but  which  becomes  progressively  greater.  Towrard  the 
fourth  or  fifth  the  plates  elongate  and  at  the  same  time  their  width 
diminishes;  they  then  become  as  long  as  broad,  pentagonal,  with  a 
proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  two  lateral  borders 
slightly  divergent  and  somewhat  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores,  and 
a  rather  narrow  convex  distal  border.  Toward  the  middle  of  the 
arm  these  plates  even  become  a  little  longer  than  broad,  further  on 
assuming  a  simply  triangular  shape  with  a  very  sharp  proximal  angle, 
and  being  as  broad  as  long. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  prominent  and  bear  at  the  arm  bases  up 
to  ten  narrow  and  slender  glassy  and  strongly  echinulate  spines. 
The  length  of  these  spines  increases  progressively  from  the  first  ven- 
tral, which  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  segment,  to  the  eighth  of  which 
the  length  is  equal  to  at  least  three  segments;  the  two  other  dorsal 
spines  have  almost  the  same  length  as  the  eighth.  The  number  of 
these  spines  progressively  decreases,  falling  little  by  little  to  six ;  at 
the, same  time  the  length  of  the  dorsal  spines  diminishes  and  scarcely 
exceeds  that  of  the  segment. 

The  under  arm  plates  show  on  their  surface  striations  parallel  to 
their  distal  border  which  are  very  conspicuous ;  similar  striations  are 
seen  on  the  side  arm  plates,  but  they  become  very  much  less  evident 
on  the  upper  arm  plates. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         53 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small  and  elongated;  it  is  oval  on  the  first 
segments,  then  its  extremity  becomes  pointed  and  furnished  with  a 
few  very  fine  asperities.  The  pores  of  these  two  first  pairs  possess 
two  scales. 

The  color  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  is  a 
brownish  gray ;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  of  the  same  color, 
but  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  is  very  much  lighter  and  simply 
grayish. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiacantha  graphics  appears 
to  be  closely  related  to  0.  long  idem  Lyman;  the  armature  of  the  disk 
is  identical  with  that  which  that  author  has  described,  and  which  I 
also  have  found  in  the  specimen  from  station  5153  which  I  have 
recorded  below  and  have  referred  to  O.  longidens.  But  our  species  is 
sharply  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  its  more  numerous  and  rela- 
tively very  long  arm  spines,  which  on  the  first  arm  segments  form 
rows  approaching  each  other  very  closely  in  the  dorsal  median  line 
and  almost  joining  behind  the  upper  arm  plates.  It  is  well  to  re- 
mark that  the  number  of  these  spines  reaches  six  in  a  specimen  in 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  3  mm.,  while  in 
Lyman's  type  specimen,  as  well  as  in  the  specimen  from  station  5153, 
in  which  the  disk  reaches  4  mm.  in  diameter,  the  number  of  the  arm 
spines  is  eight  only.  The  mouth  papillae,  which  are  sometimes  three, 
sometimes  four,  in  number,  are  shorter  than  in  0.  longidens;  the 
mouth  shields  are  triangular,  higher,  and  less  broad;  the  under  arm 
plates  especially  are  less  broad  and  more  elongated ;  they  rapidly  be- 
come as  long  as  broad  and  even  a  little  longer  than  broad ;  the  small 
tentacle  scale  shows  a  tendency  to  become  spiniferous,  and  there  are 
two  of  them  on  the  pores  of  the  two  first  pairs. 

OPHIACANTHA  LEGATA,  new  species. 

Plate  17,  figs.  4,  5. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5536;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor; 
Apo  Island  (C.)  bearing  S.  26°  W.,  21.87  kilometers  (11.8  miles) 
distant  (lat,  9°  15'  45"  N..  long.  123°  22'  00"  E.)  ;  510  meters  (279 
fathoms) ;  August  19,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41373,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  disk  is  4  mm.  in  diameter,  and  the  arms  are  18 
mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  by  closely 
crowded,  rather  long  but  thick  and  stout  club-spines,  each  terminated 
by  three  or  four  short,  conical  and  unequal  spinules;  the  stalk  of 
these  club-spines  may  also  show  one  or  two  small  denticulations, 
The  plates  which  bear  these  club-spines  are  not  visible  on  account 
of  their  being  so  close  together.  For  the  same  reason  only  the  distal 


54  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

ends  of  the  radial  shields,  which  are  very  widely  separated,  can  be 
distinguished.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small 
imbricated  plates,  many  of  which  carry  club-spines  more  slender 
than  those  of  the  dorsal  surface,  which  always  end  in  a  few  short 
and  unequal  spinules.  The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  moderate  size,  are  lozenge-  shaped, 
broader  than  long,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
straight  sides,  rounded  lateral  angles,  and  two  distal  sides  which 
are  gently  convex  and  which  pass  over  into  each  other  by  a  broadly 
rounded  angle.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  have 
their  long  borders  straight  and  almost  parallel ;  they  are,  however, 
a  little  broader  outwardly  than  inwardly,  and  they  give  off  a  nar- 
row process  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm 
plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and  very  high.  The  lateral 
mouth  papillae,  three  in  number.)  are  much  elongated  and  cylin- 
drical, with  the  point  obtuse,  and  subequal;  there  is  sometimes  a 
fourth  supplementary  papilla  near  the  terminal  papilla  which  is 
shorter  and  thicker  than  the  three  others.  The  unpaired  terminal 
papilla  is  thick  and  short.  The  surface  of  these  papillae  is  very 
rugose. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  small  and  occupy  only  a  very 
limited  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms,  the  greater  part  of 
which  is  covered  by  the  side  arm  plates.  These  plates  are  triangu- 
lar, broader  than  long,  and  widely  separated,  with  a  rather  open 
proximal  angle  and  a  very  broad  and  only  slightly  convex  distal 
border. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  a  little  broader  than  long,  quadran- 
gular or  trapezoidal,  with  the  distal  border  narrow,  the  proximal 
border  broader  and  convex,  and  the  sides  divergent  and  straight. 
The  following  plates  are  pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle, 
the  sides  excavated  by  the  tentacular  pores,  and  a  strongly  convex 
distal  border.  They  are  separated  beyond  the  second;  the  latter  is 
very  much  broader  than  long,  those  following  becoming  as  long  as 
broad,  and  finally  a  little  longer  than  broad. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  moderately  projecting,  carry  at 
the  base  of  the  arms  ten  spines,  which,  on  the  first  brachial  segments, 
form  on  the  dorsal  surface  a  perfectly  continuous  series  from  one 
side  to  the  other;  and  on  the  following  segments  the  two  lateral 
rows  of  spines  still  come  very  close  together  in  the  median  linct 
The  three  or  four  first  ventral  spines  are  subequal,  and  their  length 
-equals  that  of  the  segment ;  the  length  then  increases  up  to  the  last 
dorsal  spine,  which  measures  about  three  segments.  These  spines 
are  slender  and  transparent,  and  are  provided  with  very  strong,  tri- 
angular and  pointed  teeth,  which  are  rather  well  spaced. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         55 

The  under  and  side  arm  plates  on  the  lower  surface  show  fine  con- 
centric striations.  On  the  under  arm  plates  these  striations  at  first 
have  their  concavity  directed  toward  the  arm  tip,  while  in  the  last 
third  of  the  plates  these  striations  have  the  concavity  directed  toward 
the  mouth.  On  the  upper  arm  plates  these  striations  are  scarcety 
indicated,  or  may  even  be  entirely  lacking. 

The  singles  tentacle  scale  is  very  large,  flattened,  lanceolate,  and 
pointed,  and  on  the  free  border  in  the  distal  half  bears  some  fine 
spinules,  which  cause  it  almost  to  justify  the  appelation  spiniferous. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiacantha  legata  approaches 
most  closely  O.  aspera  Lyman.  It  differs  from  it  in  the  character 
of  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  are  much 
elongated,  in  the  pointed  tentacle  scales  provided  merely  with  a  few 
rather  fine  spinules  instead  of  possessing  those  lobes  which  are  so 
marked  in  O.  aspera,  in  the  shorter  mouth  shields,  in  the  longer 
mouth  papillae,  and  in  the  more  elongated  under  arm  plates. 

It  is  also  close  to  O.  longidens  Lyman,  which  lives  at  a  lesser  depth ; 
it  is  distinguished  from  that  species  by  its  more  broadened  and 
shorter  mouth  shields,  and  by  its  more  numerous  and  strongly  echin- 
ulated  arm  spines;  furthermore,  the  dorsalmost  spine  always  show 
very  strong  and  well  spaced  teeth,  and  the  two  lateral  series  of  spines 
are  perfectly  continuous  on  the  first  arm  segments;  the  upper  arm 
plates  are  shorter,  the  tentacle  scales  bears  fine  spinules,  and  the  club- 
spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  stronger  and  terminated 
by  shorter  and  more  pointed  spinules  in  0.  legata  than  in  O.  longi- 
dens. 

OPHIACANTHA  LONGIDENS  Lyman. 

Plate  17,  figs.  6,  7. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5153;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group ;  Tocanhi  Point  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  3.89  kilometers,  (2.1 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  18'  10"  N.,  long.  120°  02'  55") ;  90  meters  (49 
fathoms) ;  February  19,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41236,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — It  is  not  without  much  hesitation  that  I  refer  this  speci- 
men to  O.  longidens  Lyman.  As  yet  that  species  is  known  only  from 
a  single  individual  captured  in  the  Philippines  by  the  Challenger  at 
a  depth  of  between  174  and  183  miles  (95  and  100  fathoms).  As  the 
description  given  by  Lyman  is  very  brief,  I  requested  my  colleague, 
Prof.  F.  J.  Bell,  to  compare  with  Lyman's  type  the  photographs 
which  I  sent  him  of  my  specimen,  and  his  opinion  was  that  they  both 
represented  the  same  species,  an  opinion  which  he  gave,  however, 
with  reservations,  for,  he  wrote  me,  the  very  small  type  is  in  rather 
bad  condition,  two  arms  only  being  preserved  and  these  broken  off. 


56  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Under  these  conditions  it  has  seemed  to  me  that  it  would  not  be  out  of 
place  to  apply  the  name  O.  longidens  to  my  specimen,  which  comes 
from  a  region  very  close  to  that  where  the  Challenger  collected  the 
unique  representative  of  the  species,  and  from  a  similarly  small  depth, 
and  to  give  here  a  detailed  description  of  it. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  4  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  18  mm.  long. 
The  specimen  is  not  quite  complete;  three  almost  entire  arms  re- 
main attached  to  the  disk,  the  other  two  being  detached  and  broken 
off  at  some  distance  from  the  base. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  extremely 
small  and  closely  crowded  plates,  each  bearing  a  very  slender  and 
very  fine  club-spine  terminating  in  three  remarkably  slender  spinules 
of  which  the  length  in  the  central  portion  of  the  disk  is  equal  to  that 
of  the  club-spine  itself,  but  which  become  shorter  toward  the  pe- 
riphery. The  distal  part  of  the  radial  shields  only  is  visible,  in 
the  form  of  a  small,  triangular  plate,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and 
the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  widely  separated ;  from  each  of  them 
there  extends  a  much  raised  rib  which  remains  distinct  for  almost 
half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  plates  which  cover  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces  each  carry  a  small  and  very  short  club-spine  termi- 
nated by  a  few  spinules,  which  are  also  very  short.  The  genital 
slits  are  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small,  very  much  broader  than  long,  with  a 
rather  sharp  proximal  angle  and  two  slightly  excavated  sides  com- 
ing together  over  rounded  angles  on  the  distal  border,  which  is 
convex.  This  last  shows  in  its  center  a  rounded  lobe  which  pro- 
jects more  or  less  into  the  interradial  space.  The  adoral  plates, 
which  are  of  average  dimensions,  have  the  long  borders  parallel  and 
gently  recurved  in  the  form  of  a  crescent.  The  oral  plates  are  very 
small.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  three  in  number,  elongated 
and  cylindrical,  with  the  point  rounded ;  the  two  proximal  papillae 
are  rather  narrow,  and  the  outermost  is  a  little  more  thickened ;  the 
unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  a  little  stouter  than  the  others. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  triangular,  a  little  broader  than 
long,  with  the  distal  border  convex ;  they  are  widely  separated  from 
the  base  of  the  arms  outward. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  triangular,  with  a  rounded 
distal  angle.  The  second  is  quadrangular  with  a  narrow  proximal 
border,  a  very  broad  and  strongly  convex  distal  border,  and  di- 
vergent sides  excavated  by  the  tentacle  scale.  The  following  plates 
become  pentagonal  as  a  result  of  the  resolution  of  the  proximal 
border  into  two  small  sides  united  by  an  obtuse  angle;  they  are 
broader  than  long  and  are  separated  by  a  space  which  becomes 
rather  large  beyond  the  third  plate. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         57 

The  side  arm  plates  are  moderately  developed  and  cover  half 
the  length  of  the  segments.  They  are  projecting  and  carry  eight 
spines,  increasing  in  length  from  the  first  ventral,  which  is  a  little 
shorter  than  the  segment,  to  the  antepenultimate  dorsal,  which  is 
as  long  as  three  segments;  the  last  spine  is  usually  a  little  smaller 
than  that  preceding.  The  two  lateral  rows  of  spines  are  very  close 
together  in  the  dorsal  median  line  of  the  arms,  though  without 
forming  a  continuous  series.  The  spines  are  slightly  flattened,  and 
the  ventral  are  provided  with  rather  strong  and  sharp  denticula- 
tions  which  become  much  smaller  and  less  apparent  on  the  dorsal; 
these  last  may  even  be  entirely  smooth. 

The  under  and  side  arm  plates  show  on  their  surface  rather  well- 
marked  parallel  striations. 

The  tentacle  scale,  always  single,  is  of  medium  size;  it  is  at  first 
oval  and  rather  broadened,  beyond  the  disk  becoming  pointed;  its 
surface  is  somewhat  rugose,  especially  toward  the  point,  though 
without  becoming  spiniferous. 

The  color  in  alcohol  is  a  light  brownish  pink. 

The  single  specimen  was  taken  at  a  depth  of  only  90  meters  (49 
fathoms)  ;  Lyman's  type,  which  came  from  Cebu,  was  dredged  in  174 
to  183  meters  (95-100  fathoms). 

OPHlACANTHA  PACATA,  new  species. 

Plate  18,  figs.  1,  2,  3. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5589;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicin- 
ity; Nabul  Island  (1STW.)  bearing  K  3°  W.,  5.19  kilometers  (2.8 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  12'  10"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  08"  E.) ;  475  meters 
(260  fathoms) ;  September  29,  1909;  fne.  gy,  S.,  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41234,  U.S.N.M.)! 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  12  mm.,  and  the  arms 
are  45  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  extremely 
thin  and  translucent  plates  not  entirely  concealing  the  underlying 
tissues,  which  form  a  very  dark  mass.  These  scales  become  very 
much  smaller  and  very  much  more  transparent  toward  the  periphery 
of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces.  Each  of  these  carries  a  strong 
and  elongated  similarly  translucent  spine,  of  which  the  base  is 
broadened,  but  which  tapers  rapidly  into  a  slender  cylindrical  stem, 
this  again  enlarging  toward  the  extremity  and  at  the  same  time 
becoming  flattened.  This  broadened  and  flattened  terminal  part 
bears  on  its  sides  one  or  two  short,  conical,  and  pointed  teeth  of  very 
variable  shape  and  size,  and  sometimes  absent  altogether.  The 
smaller  interradial  plates  about  the  periphery  of  the  disk  are  with- 
out spines.  The  radial  shields  are  visible:  they  are  small  and  tri- 


58  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

angular,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  the  angles  and  the  borders 
rounded.  Each  of  these  lies  at  the  end  of  a  small  projecting  rib 
the  length  of  which  is  almost  equal  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 
The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  very  broadly  separated  by  a  space 
which  is  almost  equal  to  the  width  of  the  arms. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered 
with  small  plates  which  are  rounded  or  slightly  imbricated,  ex- 
tremely thin,  and  transparent,  and  which  are  not  always  perfectly 
in  contact.  The  genital  slits  are  much  elongated  and  rather  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small  and  triangular,  as  broad  as  long,  or  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  with  a  very  sharp  proximal  angle  bordered 
by  two  straight  or  slightly  concave  sides,  and  a  convex  distal  border 
with  a  very  slightly  marked  small  lobe  in  the  middle.  The  adoral 
plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  rapidly  taper  inwardly  and  are 
broadened  in  their  external  portion,  which  gives  off  a  rather  narrow 
process  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate; 
they  are  about  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  longer- 
edges  are  slightly  incurved.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and 
rather  high.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  three  in  number ;  the  two 
outer  are  cylindrical,  rather  elongated,  with  the  tip  rounded;  the 
internal  is  a  little  stouter,  conical,  with  the  point  blunted;  the  un- 
paired terminal  papilla  is  a  little  thicker  than  those  on  either  side. 
The  surface  of  these  papillae  is  very  rugose.  Beyond  the  external 
papilla  there  is  in  addition  a  smaller  papilla  which  is  inserted  at  the 
angle  between  the  adoral  plate  and  the  first  under  arm  plate. 

The  rather  small  upper  arm  plates  are  triangular,  broader  than 
long,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  straight 
sides  and  a  slightly  convex  distal  border.  They  are  separated  out- 
ward from  the  base  of  the  arms  by  a  narrow  interval  which  does  not 
increase  much  distally. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  broad,  triangular,  broader  than 
long,  with  the  distal  border  convex  and  the  proximal  angle  obtuse. 
The  second,  already  separated  from  the  first,  is  very  broad  and  short, 
triangular  in  form,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  sharp  lateral 
angles,  and  a  convex  distal  border.  The  following  plates  become 
pentagonal  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle,  the  sides  notched  by 
the  corresponding  tentacle  pore,  and  a  very  convex  distal  border. 
These  plates  are  at  first  very  much  broader  than  long,  becoming  a 
little  longer  than  broad  in  the  outer  half  of  the  arms.  They  are 
always  separated  by  a  rather  long  space  occupied  by  the  side  arm 
plates. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  eight  strong,  thick  and  slightly  flattened 
arm  spines.  The  ventral  spines  are  especially  flattened,  and  they 
bear  rather  strong  denticulations,  which  on  the  three  first  are  par- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         59 

ticularly  developed  along  the  proximal  border;  their  tips  are  rounded. 
The  dorsal  spines  show  only  very  fine  and  very  closely  crowded  as- 
perities ;  they  are  somewhat  narrowed,  and  their  tips  form  an  obtuse 
point.  The  length  increases  from  the  first  ventral  spine,  which  is  as 
long  as  the  segment,  to  the  last  dorsal,  which  may  be  as  long  as-four 
segments.  The  two  lateral  columns  of  spines  come  very  close  together 
in  the  median  dorsal  line  on  the  first  segments,  though  they  are  always 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  small  space. 

The  tentacle  pores  of  the  first  pair  are  very  large  and  appear  to  be 
without  a  tentacle  scale,  or  they  may  have  a  single  almost  rudi- 
mentary one.  The  pores  of  the  second  pair  have  a  rather  large 
scale,  and  on  one  of  them  the  scale  is  doubled.  The  following  pores 
have  uniformly  a  single  scale  of  moderate  size,  which  is  flattened, 
rectangular,  with  a  rounded  and  sometimes  even  slightly  broadened 
distal  border.  The  surface  of  these  scales  is  very  rugose. 

The  disk  is  very  dark,  blackish  brown,  because  of  the  extreme 
thinness  of  the  plates  which  cover  the  underlying  tissues ;  the  arms  are 
white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiacantha  pacata  is  easily 
recognized  by  the  form  of  the  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk,  which  are  borne  upon  extremely  thin  and  translucent  plates,  by 
the  presence  of  three  mouth  papillae,  and  by  the  small  mouth  shields, 
which  are  triangular  and  almost  as  long  as  broad.  It  seems  to  me 
to  be  most  closely  related  to  0.  prionota,  which  H.  L.  Clark  described 
from  a  unique  specimen  from  southern  Japan  in  1,008  fathoms,  of 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  9  mm.  It  is  distinguished  from 
this  species  by  the  stouter  and  longer  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk,  broadened  at  the  tip,  which  bear  three  spinules;  by 
having  the  mouth  shields  slightly  more  elongated  toward  the  proxi- 
mal angle ;  by  the  longer  adoral  plates ;  by  the  more  elongated  arm 
spines;  by  having  the  upper  arm  plates  broader  than  long;  and  by 
the  more  elongated  and  larger  under  arm  plates,  which  are  sepa- 
rated by  a  narrow  interval.  These  differences  are  obviously  not  cor- 
related with  the  difference  in  the  size  of  the  specimens ;  as  I  have  just 
said,  in  O.  prionota  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.,  and  in  O.  pacata 
it  is  12  mm. ;  the  difference  is  not  very  great. 

OPHIACANTHA  PENTAGONA  Koehler. 

Plate  21,  figs.  1,  5,  6 ;  plate  93,  fig.  5. 

Ophiacantha  pentagona  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  343,  pi.  8,  figs.  56,  57;  ('99),  p. 
53,  pi.  4,  figs.  27-29;  ('04),  p.  110.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  196;  ('15),  p. 
204.— MATSITMOTO  ('17),  p.  116. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5116;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde 
Island  Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  69°  E.,  4.63  kilometers 


60  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

(2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  41'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  05"  E.),  365 
meters  (200  fathoms) ;  January  20,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41201,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5367;  Verde  Island  Passage;  Malabrigo  Light 
bearing  N.  81°  E.,  14.83  kilometers  (8  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  34'  37" 
N.,  long.  121°  07'  30"  E.)  ;  329  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  February  22, 
1909 ;  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41202,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5505;  Northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Ma- 
cabalan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  14.27  kilometers 
(7.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  00"  E.) ;  402 
meters  (220  fathoms) ;  August  5,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41205,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5522;  Northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  39°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  49'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  26'  30"  E.;  421  meters  (230  fathoms)  ; 
August  10,  1909 ;  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41203,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5527;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands;  Bali- 
casag  Island  (C)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  15.20  kilometers  (8.2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  22'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  42'  40"  E.) ;  717  meters  (392 
fathoms) ;  August  11,  1909;  glob.  Oz. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41204,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  3  mm.  and  5  mm.. 
The  specimens  resemble  perfectly  those  which  the  Siboga  collected 
among  the  Sunda  Islands.  It  has  seemed  to  me  worth  while  to  give 
here  some  photographs  of  this  species,  which  will  show  its  characters 
better  than  my  slightly  schematic  drawings  of  1896  and  1899  (pi.  21, 
figs.  1,5,6). 

I  also  give  (fig.  5,  pi.  93)  some  photographs  of  the  club-spines  on 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

II.  L.  Clark  has  described  a  few  unimportant  variations  among  the 
numerous  specimens  which  he  has  had  from  the  Japanese  seas. 

The  type  series  of  O.  pentagona  came  from  the  Andaman  Islands, 
where  the  species  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator  in  439  to  686 
meters  (240  to  375  fathoms) ;  the  Siboga  collected  it  in  various  locali- 
ties among  the  Sunda  Islands  in  from  204  to  827  meters  (112  to  453 
fathoms)  between  latitude  5°  N.-5°  S.  and  longitude  119°-132°  E.; 
H.  L.  Clark  has  recorded  it  from  numerous  localities  in  the  seas  about 
Japan  at  depths  between  82  and  1,724  meters  (45  and  943  fathoms). 

Ophiacantha  pentagona  must  be  very  widely  distributed  in  the 
Indo-Pacific  region,  but  I  do  not  believe  that  it  occurs  in  the  Atlantic. 
The  two  specimens  collected  by  the  Plirondelle  in  the  North  Atlantic, 
which  I  considered  as  a  variety  of  O.  pentagona  and  to  which  I  gave 
the  name  of  O.  pentagona  var.  armata  ('98,  p.  55),  characterized  by 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        61 

the  broadened  outer  mouth  papilla,  should  be  referred  to  the  species 
originally  called  O.  meridionalis  by  Lyman,  to  which  H.  L.  Clark 
has  proposed  to  give  the  name  O.  mesembria,  as  I  have  stated  above 
in  discussing  0.  composita. 

OPHIACANTHA  SEVERA,  new  specie*. 

Plate  17,  figs.  1-3. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5629 ;  Patiente  Strait  and  southward ; 
Doworra  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  62°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  50'  00"  S.,  long.  128°  12'  00"  E.) ;  375  meters  (205 
fathoms) ;  December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41238,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5645;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (NE.)  bearing 
S.  10°  W.,  2.96  kilometers  (1.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  29'  06"  S.,  long. 
122°  36'  06"  E.) ;  377  meters  (206  fathoms) ;  December  16,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41237,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  two  specimens  are  incomplete.  In  that  from 
station  5629  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5.5  mm. ;  three  arms  are  pre- 
served for  a  fairly  large  part  of  their  length,  the  fourth,  which  is 
detached,  is  preserved  in  part,  and  the  fifth  is  broken  off  close  to 
the  base;  the  length  of  the  arms  must  have  been  between  20  mm. 
and  25  mm.  The  specimen  from  station  5645  is  smaller;  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  4  mm. ;  only  two  arms  are  pre- 
served, and  these  are  incomplete. 

I  shall  describe  the  species  with  special  reference  to  the  specimen 
from  station  5629,  which  is  the  larger  and  which  is  represented  in 
figures  1-3  on  plate  17. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  by  thin  and 
transparent  very  small  rounded  plates,  each  of  which  bears  a  club- 
spine  which  is  very  broad  at  the  base  thence  tapering  rapidly  to  a 
small,  cylindrical,  rather  short  column  which  again  broadens  at  its 
tip  to  bear  a  half  dozen  short  conical,  pointed,  subequal  and  diver- 
gent spinules.  All  of  the  club-spines  are  of  almost  the  same  length, 
and  their  spinules  also  show  very  great  regularity  in  their  arrange- 
ment. The  result  is  therefore  that  when  the  dorsal  surface  is  seen 
from  above  the  general  appearance  of  these  club-spines  forcibly 
brings  to  mind  the  uniform  aspect  which  they  present  in  Ophiothrix 
stelligera.  The  club-spines  of  the  central  region  of  the  disk  are  a 
little  smaller  and  finer  than  the  others.  When  they  are  viewed  in 
profile  there  can  be  made  out  on  their  columns  one  or  two  small  and 
more  or  less  developed  teeth.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5645 
these  club-spines  are  more  elongated,  and  they  resemble  small  true 
spines ;  their  terminal  spinules  are  less  numerous  and  less  regular  than 
in  the  first  specimen,  and  they  show  on  their  cylindrical  columns  a 


62  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

few  conical  and  pointed  teeth  which  are  more  developed  than  in  the 
other.  The  radial  shields  are  almost  completely  hidden,  and  only  a 
very  small  portion  of  their  distal  extremity  can  be  seen. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  iiiterradial  spaces  is  covered 
with  club  spines  identical  with  those  on  the  dorsal  surface,  but  be- 
coming smaller  and  smaller  toward  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital 
slits  are  large,  elongated,  and  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  moderate  size,  are  lozenge-shaped, 
almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  proximal  angle  almost  a  right 
angle  and  bordered  by  two  straight  sides ;  the  two  distal  borders  come 
together  over  a  very  rounded  angle.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather 
elongated,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  tapering  slightly 
inwardly,  though  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line;  they 
broaden  a  little  outwardly  and  give  off  a  narrow  process  which  sepa- 
rates the  mouth  shields  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates 
are  triangular  and  high.  The  side  mouth  papillae,  three  in  number, 
are  subequal,  conical,  and  pointed;  the  outermost  is  a  little  broader 
than  the  two  others.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  a  little  larger 
than  those  on  either  side.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  triangular, 
broader  than  long,  and  widely  separated,  with  an  acute  proximal 
angle  and  a  convex  distal  border. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  trapezoidal,  with  a  broad 
proximal  border  passing  over  rounded  angles  into  the  two  sides, 
which  are  convergent  and  which  unite  over  similarly  rounded  angles 
to  form  the  distal  border,  which  is  short  and  straight.  The  second 
and  third  plates  are  triangular,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a 
very  convex  distal  border.  Beyond  this  the  plates,  which  always  re- 
main very  large,  become  pentagonal  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle 
bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  two  straight  lateral  borders  notched 
by  the  tentacle  scale,  and  a  very  convex  distal  border.  They  are 
separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  moderately  projecting,  carry  at  the 
base  of  the  arm  seven  rather  large  spines  which  are  cylindrical  with 
the  tip  rounded  and  provided  with  rather  feebly  developed  den- 
ticulations.  Their  length  increases  progressively  from  the  first  ven- 
tral, which  is  shorter  than  the  segment,  to  the  antepenultimate  dorsal, 
which  is  almost  as  long  as  three  segments;  the  last  spine  is  shorter 
than  that  preceding.  The  dorsal  spines  of  each  series  come  very  close 
together  in  the  dorsal  median  line  of  the  arms,  though  without  form- 
ing a  continuous  transverse  series.  The  under  and  side  arm  plates 
show  parallel  transverse  striations  which  are  very  marked,  and 
which  are  less  distinct  on  the  upper  arm  plates. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  large,  lanceolate,  rather  broad,  and 
pointed,  and  its  length  equals  about  two-thirds  that  of  the  corre- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         63 

spending  under  arm  plate;  its  surface  is  covered  with  asperities 
which  are  especially  marked  toward  the  tip,  and  which  make  it 
slightly  spiniferous. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  yellowish  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiacantha  severa  seems  to 
me  to  be  closety  related  to  O.  serrata  Lyman,  but  it  is  difficult  to  form 
an  exact  idea  of  the  latter  species  from  Lyman's  description  and 
figures.  I  requested  Prof.  F.  Jeffrey  Bell  to  compare  the  photo- 
graphs of  my  ophiuran  with  the  Challenger  species  O.  serrata,  as  he 
had  done  in  the  case  of  0.  longidens.  The  opinion  of  the  learned 
naturalist  of  the  British  Museum  is  that  the  two  species  are  different. 
The  new  species  differs  from  O.  serrata  in  its  lozenge-shaped  mouth 
shields,  which  are  scarcely  broader  than  long;  in  the  large  and 
strong  tentacle  scale  which  is  furnished  with  rather  strong  asperities 
and  in  no  way  spiniform;  in  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  which  consists  of  elongated  club-spines  terminated  by 
numerous  spinules,  and  which  may  even  become  elongated  to  the 
point  of  resembling  small  true  spines,  Avhile  in  O.  serrata  Lyman 
notes  only  "minute  grains  like  stumps  bearing  a  crown  of  blunt 
thorns  " ;  and  finally  in  the  very  large  under  arm  plates,  the  surface 
of  which  showTs  very  marked  concentric  striations,  which,  moreover,, 
are  found  also  on  the  other  arm  plates. 

OPHIACANTHA   VORAX  Koehler. 

Plate  15,  figs.  4,  5. 

Ophiacantha  rorax  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  353,  pi.  8,  figs.  68,  69;   ('99),  p.  62, 

pi.  7,  figs.  52-54.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  208. 
Ophiacantha  ancUlalmi  H.  L.  CLARK   ('11),  p.  205,  fig.  95;    ('15),  p.  196. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5606;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes; 
Dodepo  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  20.01  kilometers  (10.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  16'  28"  N.,  long.  121°  33'  30"  E.)  ;  1,525  meters 
(834  fathoms)  ;  November  17,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41142,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  in  fairly  good  condition,  and  almost  all 
the  arms  are  preserved  for  their  whole  length;  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  7  mm.,  and  the  length  of  the  arms  is  more  than  45  mm. 

This  individual  is  a  little  larger  than  those  which  served  me  as  the 
type  series  upon  which  I  established  the  species  and  which  were 
collected  by  the  Investigator  off  Cape  Comorin  in  1,908  meters  (1,043 
fathoms).  It  agrees  well  with  these  except  for  insignificant  varia- 
tions; for  example,  the  tentacle  scale,  always  very  large  and  broad, 
is  perhaps  a  little  less  pointed  than  in  the  Investigator  specimen,  and 
the  arm  spines  are  also  somewhat  less  denticulated,  and  often  smooth, 
especially  the  dorsal  ones. 


64  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

I  give  here  two  photographs  of  the  Albatross  specimen,  which 
show  the  characters  of  the  species  better  than  my  somewhat  schematic 
drawings. 

Under  the  name  of  O.  anchilabra  H.  L.  Clark  has  described  ('11,  p. 
104) ,  an  ophiuran  from  the  Japanese  seas  at  a  depth  of  1,679  meters 
(918  fathoms),  which  is  very  close  to  O.  vorax;  it  differs  from  it  only 
in  its  smooth  arm  spines  and  in  the  entirely  hidden  radial  shields.  I 
do  not  believe  that  this  specific  differentiation,  based  mainly  on  the 
condition  of  the  armi  spines,  can  be  maintained.  These  are  less 
strongly  denticulated  in  the  Albatross  specimen  than  in  those  collected 
by  the  Investigator,  and  many  of  them  are  even  entirely  smooth.  As 
for  the  extension  of  the  granules  over  the  whole  surface  of  the  radial 
shields,  or  only  over  the  larger  part  of  their  surface,  exclusive  of 
the  distal  extremity,  that  is  a  mere  case  of  individual  variation  of  no 
specific  importance. 

Matsumoto  ('17,  p.  117)  lists  O.  anchilabra  from  Japan  without 
making  any  comment. 

OPHIOLIMNA  PERFIDA   (KoeWer). 

Plate  9,  figs.  7-9;  plate  92,  fig.  6. 

Ophiacantha  perfida  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  118,  pi.  23,  figs.  5,  6.— H.  L.  CLARK 

('15),  p.  204. 
Ophuwantha  lamMa  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  231,  fig.  108;  ('15),  p.  199. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5119;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde 
Island  Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  35.03  kilometers 
(18.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  45'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  30'  30"  E.) ; 
721  meters  (394  fathoms) ;  January  19,  1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41185,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5219 ;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon ;  Mompog 
Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  35°  30'  W.,  22.70  kilometers  (12.25  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  21'  00"  N.,  long.  122°  18'  45"  E,)  ;  969  meters 
(530  fathoms) ;  April  23,  1908;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41187,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5444;  East  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino 
Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing 
S.  65°  E.,  9.45  kilometers  (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  43'  51"  N., 
long.  124°  58'  50"  E.)  ;  563  meters  (308  fathoms);  June  3,  1909; 
gn.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat,  Nos.  41375,  E.  41,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5445;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino 
Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing 
S.  56°  E.,  9.82  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44'  42"  N., 
long.  124°  59'  50"  E.)  ;  700  meters  (383  fathoms);  June  3,  1909; 
gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  42,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         65 

Albatross  station  5447;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay ;  San  Miguel  Point  bearing  S.  7°  W.,  6.49  kilo- 
meters (3.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  28'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  46'  18"  E.) ; 
567  meters  (310  fathoms) ;  June  4, 1909;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  44,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  bearing 
S.  69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  37'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  15'  00"  E.) ;  763  meters  (417  fathoms) ;  November  27, 1909 ; 

gy-  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  40,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5619;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  78°  E.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  14'  40"  E.) ;  796  meters  (435  fathoms) ;  November  27, 
1909;  fne.  gy.  S.,  M. 

Twenty  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41374,  E.  39,  E.  43,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5647;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  87°  E.,  21.50  kilometers  (11.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  34'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  18'  15"  E.)  ;  949  meters  (519  fathoms) ;  December  16, 1909 ; 
gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41186,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Buginkali  Point 
bearing  S.  67°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  43'  50" 
S.,  long.  121°  23'  24"  E.) ;  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms)  ;  December 
17,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  -38,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — These  specimens  agree  perfectly  with  those  collected  by 
the  Siboga.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  10  mm.  and 
14  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  always  very  long;  in  the  specimen  from 
station  5618,  which  has  a  disk  diameter  of  12  mm.,  the  arms  are  80 
mm.  in  length. 

The  granules  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  slightly  rugose 
and  are  usually  somewhat  elongated,  especially  toward  the  periphery 
of  the  disk  (pi.  92,  fig.  6).  The  arm  spines  show  certain  variations, 
which  do  not  appear  to  depend  entirely  on  the  size  of  the  individuals. 
Generally  when  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  or  exceeds  12  mm., 
the  largest  arm  spines  attain  a  length  of  two  segments,  and  some- 
times even  of  three;  ordinarily  the  antepenultimate  dorsal  spine  is 
the  longest.  But  I  have  at  hand  specimens  in  which  the  disk  is  more 
than  12  mm.  in  diameter,  yet  the  longest  arm  spine  does  not  exceed 
a  segment  and  a  half.  At  the  base  of  the  arms  the  spines  are  seven 
in  number,  the  figure  falling  to  six  beyond  the  disk,  and  finally  to 
five  toward  the  middle  of  the  arms.  In  the  smallest  specimens  the 
number  seven  falls  rapidly  to  six,  and  then  to  five. 

I  can  not  find  any  character  by  which  O.  lambda,,  described  in 
1911  by  H.  L.  Clark  from  Japenese  specimens,  may  be  distinguished 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 5 


66  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

from  0.  perfida.  In  his  description  he  compared  his  new  species 
only  with  O.  bairdi,  from  which  it  is  obviously  very  different,  and 
he  makes  no  mention  of  0.  perfida,  to  which  it  is  extremely  close. 
The  only  difference  which  can  be  found  is  in  the  number  of  arm 
spines.  Doctor  Clark  states  that  there  are  five  in  a  specimen  with 
a  disk  diameter  of  10  mm.,  but  as  the  number  of  these  spines  varies 
and  as  in  specimens  with  a  disk  diameter  of  10  mm.  the  number 
five  is  acquired  very  rapidly  it  is  not  possible  to  base  a  specific  sep- 
aration upon  this  character  alone.  I  believe,  therefore,  that  O. 
lambda  should  be  united  with  O.  perfida. 

The  Siboga  met  with  0.  perfida  between  latitude  0°-7°  S.  and 
longitude  116°-132°  E.,  at  depths  varying  from  411  to  959  meters 
(225  to  525  fathoms).  Doctor  Clark's  0.  lambda  was  dredged  off 
southern  Japan  in  32°  N.  latitude,  132°  E.  longitude,  at  a  depth  of 
800  meters  (437  fathoms). 

In  his  catalogue  of  the  recent  ophiurans  H.  L.  Clark  did  not 
recognize  the  genus  Ophiolimna  established  by  Verrill  in  1899,  the 
type  of  which  is  O.  bairdi  (Lyman).  In  revising  the  genera  Ophi- 
oconis,  Ophiochoeta^  and  Ophiolimna  Matsumoto  redefined  the  lim- 
its of  the  genus  Ophiolimna  and  assigned  to  it,  in  addition  to  O. 
bairdi,  the  two  species  which  I  described  in  1904  and  in  1909  under 
the  names  of  0.  perfida  and  O.  operculataf  as  well  as  three  species 
previously  placed  in  the  old  genus  Ophioconis,  O.  antarctica  Lyman, 
0.  diastata,  and  O.  papillata  H.  L.  Clark.  He  adds  a  seventh  species, 
0.  lambda  H.  L.  Clark,  but,  as  I  have  just  stated  above,  this  last 
does  not  differ  from  0.  perfida  and  falls  into  its  synonymy. 

There  must  also  be  added  to  the  genus  Ophiolimna  the  Antarctic 
species  discovered  by  the  Belgica  which  I  described  under  the  name 
of  Ophiaeantha  polaris  (Kcehler,  '01,  p.  32,  pi.  3,  figs.  19-21). 

I  believe,  like  Matsumoto,  that  with  the  limitations  ascribed  to  it 
by  the  Japanese  naturalist,  the  genus  Ophiolimna  is  a  perfectly  well- 
defined  group ;  it  has  certainly  the  same  value  as  many  of  VerrilFs 
other  genera  separated  out  from  the  old  genus  Ophiacantha,  such  as 
Ophiopristis,  Ophiotreta,  Ophialcoea,  Ophientrema,  etc.  There 
would  be  more  reason  to  suppress  these  latter  than  the  former. 

In  his  memoir  of  1917  Matsumoto  maintains  the  genus  Ophiolimna 
with  the  same  characters  and  with  the  same  species  as  in  1915  ('17, 
p.  101). 

*In  mentioning  O.  operculata  H.  L.  Clark  remarked  that  there  is  a  lack  of  agreement 

itive  to  the  date  and  the  depth  between  the  figures  which  I  gave  in  my  preliminary 

report  in  1907  and  those  in  my  final  memoir  published  in  1909.     He  believes  that  the 

atter  are  correct.     The  figures  which  I   published  in  1907  were,  as  he  believes,   later 

ised,  and  it  is  the  information  given   in  my  memoir  which  is  correct;   the  species 

ally  comes  from  the  enormous  depth  of  5,869  meters  (3,209  fathoms).     I  may  remark 

that  II.  L.  Clark  himself  has  made  a  slip  of  the  pen  in   citing  O.   opcrculata      lie  has 

written  O.  opcrcitlaris  ('15,  pp.  207,  368),  which  is  incorrect. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        67 
OPHIOGEMA,  new  genus. 

Description. — This  genus  is  near  the  genus  Ophiacantha.  The 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  little  plates  each  bearing 
a  rather  stout  pointed  spine;  the  distal  border  of  the  upper  arm 
plates  is  also  armed  with  spines  resembling  those  of  the  disk.  Fol- 
lowing the  oral  plate,  between  it  and  the  first  under  arm  plate,  there 
is  a  supplementary  plate  which  lies  on  half  of  the  outer  border  of 
the  adoral  plate  and  carries  the  outer  mouth  papilla;  this  is  very 
much  smaller  than  the  following.  The  under-arm  plates  are  re- 
markably broadened  and  short  at  the  commencement  of  the  arms. 
In  the  last  third  of  the  arms  the  two  first  ventral  spines  show  a 
tendency  to  become  curved  towards  their  tips  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  direct  their  points  toward  the  disk,  and  at  the  same  time  they 
acquire  stouter  spinules  on  their  concave  side  without,  however, 
forming  a  true  hook  like  that  seen  in  Ophientrema  leucostictunn^ 
Ophiotreta  matura,  etc. 

The  peristomial  plates  are  very  large  and  transversely  oval;  they 
recall  those  which  Lyman  has  represented  in  Ophiolebes  scorteus 
('82,  pi.  41,  fig.  8) ,  but  their  form  is  truly  oval. 

Type  of  the  genus. — OpMogema  punctata^  new  species. 

OPHIOGEMA  PUNCTATA,  new  species. 

Plate  29,  figs.  7,  8,  9 ;  plate  92,  fig.  5. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5166;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi 
Group;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  20°  W.,  8.52  kilometers  (4.6 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  56'  10"  N.,  long.  119°  46'  00"  E.) ;  177  meters 
(97  fathoms) ;  February  24,  1908;  co.  S. 

Numerous  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40989,  E.  219,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5167;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Observation  Island  bearing  N.  11°  W.,  10.4  kilometers  (5.6  miles) 
distant  (4°  55'  10"  N.,  long.  119°  45'  30"  E.) ;  201  meters  (110 
fathoms) ;  February  2-4,  1908;  Co. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40990,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5168;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Observation  Island  bearing  N.  17°  W.,  7.78  kilometers  (4.2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  4°  56'  30"  N.,  long.  119°  45'  40"  E.) ;  146  meters  (80 
fathoms) ;  February  25,  1908. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40991,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimens  are  none  of  them  large,  and  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  8  mm.  The  arms  are  about  50 
mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  flattened,  pentagonal,  and  more  or  less  excavated  in 
the  interradial  spaces.  The  dorsal  surface  is  flat  and  uniformly 


68  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

covered  with  very  small,  thin,  imbricated,  subequal  plates;  many  of 
these  plates  bear  a  small  spine  which  appears  to  be  very  easily  lost. 
These  spines  are  elongated,  slender  and  flattened,  and  they  are  termi- 
nated sometimes  by  a  conical  point,  and  sometimes  by  two  or  even 
three  elongated  and  parallel  points;  their  borders  are  sometimes 
smooth,  and  sometimes  furnished  with  one  or  two  rather  strong  teeth 
(pi.  92,  fig.  5).  They  show  rounded  or  oval  perforations  which  are 
unequal  and  arranged  in  a  very  irregular  manner.  The  radial 
shields  are  small,  triangular,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  a  very 
sharp  proximal  angle;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  an  extremely  broad  space  almost  equaling  the 
width  of  the  arm. 

In  the  interradial  spaces  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered 
with  small  plates  bearing  spines  which  become  more  and  more  reduced 
towards  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are  broad  and  very 
evident. 

The  mouth  shields  are  of  moderate  dimensions,  or  even  rather 
small ;  they  are  lozenge-shaped,  and  usually  as  long  as  broad  with  the 
four  sides  subequal.  The  two  proximal  sides  are  straight  and  come  to- 
gether in  a  rather  open  angle ;  the  two  other  sides  are  gently  concave 
and  are  united  by  a  distal  truncated  angle  which  sometimes  forms  a 
small  narrow  and  rounded  lobe;  the  lateral  angles  are  similarly 
rounded.  The  two  distal  edges  are  thickened  and  rather  prominently 
raised,  while  the  distal  part  of  the  shields  which  they  delimit  is 
more  or  less  strongly  depressed,  and  forms  a  little  hollow.  In  some 
specimens  the  mouth  shields,  instead  of  being  lozenge-shaped,  are, 
rather,  triangular,  and  their  distal  border  forms  a  more  or  less  pro- 
duced lobe,  but  the  surface  of  this  lobe  is  always  very  depressed,  and 
the  sides  are  thickened  and  elevated.  The  adoral  plates  are  large  and 
broad,  and  they  broaden  progressively  outward  from  the  median  in- 
terradial line;  they  give  off  outwardly  a  small  process  which  sep- 
arates the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  triangular  and  rather  high ;  they  are  continued  outwardly 
as  far  as  the  first  under  arm  plate  by  a  plate  triangular  in  form  and 
much  elongated  of  which  the  base  touches  the  first  under  arm  plate 
and  which  carries  the  outermost  mouth  papilla.  The  mouth  papillae 
are  four  on  either  side;  the  outermost  papilla,  which  I  have  just 
mentioned,  is  small  and  short,  the  following  is  large  and  thick, 
lozenge-shaped,  but  much  broadened  at  the  base ;  it  is  inserted  both 
on  the  oral  plate  and  on  the  supplementary  plate  which  follows  it ; 
the  two  others,  conical  in  form,  are  rather  narrow  and  not  broadened 
at  the  base.  The  terminal  unpaired  papilla  is  conical  and  short. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  extremely  short  and  very  broad  an& 
bears  on  its  distal  edge  a  row  of  spines  identical  with  those  on  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  the  second  is  larger,  trapezoidal,  very 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        69 

much  broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal  border  very  much  shorter 
than  the  distal.  The  following  plates  are  very  large,  triangular,  a 
little  broader  than  long,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  convex  sides, 
and  a  very  large  distal  border  similarly  convex.  This  distal  border 
at  first  bears  three  or  four  spines  identical  with  those  on  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk,  but  the  number  of  these  spines  rapidly  diminishes, 
and  they  usually  disappear  for  good  on  about  the  tenth  segment.  At 
this  level  the  plates,  which,  up  to  now,  were  in  contact,  become  sepa- 
rated by  a  narrow  space. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  broader  than  long,  pen- 
tagonal, with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  small  distal  border. 
The  second,  which  is  at  least  four  times  as  broad  as  long,  is  already 
separated  from  the  first ;  it  shows  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bor- 
dered by  two  gently  concave  sides,  sharp  lateral  angles,  and  a  very 
broad  distal  side  slightly  notched  in  the  middle.  The  following 
plates,  always  rather  broadly  separated  from  each  other,  at  first  re- 
tain a  form  similar  to  that  of  the  preceding,  but  the  proximal  angle 
disappears  almost  completely ;  the  plates  then  become  quadrangular, 
with  an  almost  straight  proximal  border,  a  slightly  concave  distal 
border,  and  two  very  rounded  sides  which,  passing  over  very  rounded 
angles,  unite  to  form  the  two  long  borders.  Toward  the  seventh  or 
eighth  the  plates  become  smaller,  and  the  proximal  side  diminishes 
rapidly,  being  subsequently  replaced  by  an  obtuse  angle;  from  then 
on  the  plates  assume  a  pentagonal  form  with  an  obtuse  proximal 
angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  two  straight  lateral  borders, 
and  a  very  broad  distal  border,  while  at  the  same  time  the  interval 
which  separates  them  becomes  somewhat  greater.  Little  by  little  the 
width  of  the  plates  diminishes  and  correlatively  their  length  in- 
creases, and  they  then  become  as  long  as  broad,  the  interval  which 
separates  them  increasing  still  more. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  only  slightly,  carry  at  the  base 
of  the  arms  seven  slender,  pointed,  and  finely  echinulated  spines; 
their  length  increases  from  the  first  ventral,  which  is  shorter  than  the 
segment,  to  the  antepenultimate  dorsal,  which  equals  two  segments 
and  a  half ;  the  last  is  a  little  shorter.  These  spines  are  only  slightly 
divergent,  remaining  in  general  close  to  the  plates  which  bear  them, 
without,  however,  being  appressed  to  them  as  in  the  genus  Ophio- 
limna.  The  single  large  tentacle  scale  is  broadened  on  the  pores  of 
the  first  pair,  where  it  is  almost  as  broad  as  long.  It  becomes  a  little 
narrower  on  the  following  segments,  and,  beyond  the  disk,  it  becomes 
progressively  more  and  more  narrow,  and  finally  three  times  ab 
long  as  broad  with  the  tip  rather  pointed. 

The  specimens  in  alcohol  are  slightly  pink.  The  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  shows  numerous  small,  rounded  brown  spots  near  together. 


70  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  arms  bear  annulations  of  a  rather  light  brown  separated  by 
lighter  and  longer  bands. 

OPHIOTRETA  EXIMIA  (Koehler). 

Plate  8,  figs.  5,  6 ;  plate  93,  fig.  7. 

Ophiacantha  eximia  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  116,  pi.  21,  figs.  3-5. 
Ophiotreta  eximia  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  216. 

Localities.— Albatross  station  5423;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  E.,  8.49  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N., 
long.  121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909; 
gy.  M.,  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  147,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5605;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Island 
(W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.9  kilometers  (5.9  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  21'  33"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.) ;  1,183  meters  (647  fathoms) ; 
November  16,  1*909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  148,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5606;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Island 
(W.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  20.01  kilometers  (10.8  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  16'  28"  N.,  long.  121°  33'  30"  E.) ;  1.525  meters  (834  fathoms) ; 
November  17, 1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  149,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  bearing 
S.  69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  37'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  15'  00"  E.) ;  763  meters  (417  fathoms) ;  November  27, 
1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41100,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5619;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  78°  E.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  14'  40"  E.) ;  796  meters  (435  fathoms)  ;  November  27, 
1909;  fne.  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41099,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat,  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms)  ;  December  16, 
1909  ;gn.  M. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  57,  E.  150,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.—, Jn  the  specimens  from  station  5648  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  reaches  from  17  mm.  to  18  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  more  than  120 
mm.  long. 

I  described  this  species  from  specimens  discovered  by  the  Siboga 
among  the  Sunda  Islands  at  depths  varying  between  724  and  1,788 
meters  (396  to  978  fathoms).  The  individuals  collected  by  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        71 

Albatross  agree  well  with  the  Siboga  specimens,  and  they  also  show 
in  the  covering  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  variations  similar 
to  those  which  I  have  already  had  occasion  to  notice.  There  may 
be  club  spines  terminating  in  many  unequal  spinules,  or  long  and 
slender  true  spines  either  with  long  spinules  along  their  entire 
length  or  simply  with  very  much  shorter  teeth.  These  spines  are 
shown  especially  well  on  the  two  specimens  from  station  5423.  There 
occur  also  forms  intermediate  between  the  club  spines  and  the  true 
spines,  as  may  be  seen  on  the  photographs  which  I  give  in  figure  7 
on  plate  93.  On  the  two  specimens  from  station  5423  the  dorsal  sur- 
face bears  among  the  granules  very  fine  and  short  true  spines  having 
a  length  of  about  0.5  mm.,  which  may  occur  as  far  as  the  periphery 
of  the  disk.  The  surface  of  the  upper  arm  plates  is  always  rugose, 
and  the  asperities  retain  more  or  less  strongly  the  particles  of  mud 
which  adhere  to  them.  These  asperities  may  be  localized  chiefly  on 
the  distal  edge  of  the  plates,  there  forming  a  small  and  very  evident 
border,  which,  however,  always  remains  formed  of  simple  rugosities. 

I  give  here  a  photograph  of  the  large  specimen  from  station  5648 
(pi.  8,  figs.  5,6). 

Ophiotreta  eximia,  it  seems  to  me,  may  be  assigned  to  Verrill's 
genus  Ophiofreta,  together  with  0.  dilecta  (Kcehler),  0.  lineolata 
(Lyman),  and  O.  sertata  (Lyman),  and  the  species  which  I  will 
mention  below,  0.  gratiosa,  O.  matura,  O.  spatulifera,  and  O.  valen- 
ciennesi.  I  recognize  the  fact  that  the  genus  Ophiotreta  has  no 
great  value  and  is  scarcely  more  than  a  subgenus  of  Ophiacantha. 
But  this  division  of  Ophiacantha  proposed  by  Verrill  is  nevertheless 
convenient.  H.  L.  Clark  has  maintained  it  in  his  catalogue  ('15, 
p.  216),  but  Matsumoto,  in  1917,  did  not  distinguish  it  from  the 
genus  Ophiacantha. 

I  should  state  that  I  adopt  the  genus  Ophiotreta  with  the  char- 
acters and  with  the  limitations  given  to  it  by  Verrill  and  not  in 
H.  L.  Clark's  sense.  The  latter  assigns  to  it  0.  mixta  (Lyman)  and 
O.  littoralis  (Krehler),  which  should  be  placed  in  Matsumoto's 
genus  Ophiurochocia  (see  on  this  subject  Matsumoto,  '17,  pp. 
316,317). 

OPHIOTRETA  GRATIOSA  (Kcehler). 

Plate  11,  figs.  1-7 ;  plate  95,  fig.  1. 

Ophiacantha  gratiosa  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  346,  pi.  8,  figs.  60,  61;  ('99),  p.  56, 
pi.  8,  fig.  68;  pi.  9,  figs.  71,  72.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  199. 

Ophiacantha  inutilis  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  Ill,  pi.  21,  figs.  6-8. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('11),  p.  208;  ('15),  p.  199.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  117. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5116;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde 
Island  Passage ;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  69°  E.,  4.63  kilometers 


72  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

(2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  41'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  05"  E.) ;  365 
meters  (200  fathoms) ;  January  20,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  234,  E.  297,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Malabrigo  Light 
bearing  N.  44°  W..  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13° 
12'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'  45"  E.)  ;  517  meters  (283  fathoms) ;  Febru- 
ary 2,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

Twenty-two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  232,  E.  293,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5124;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Point  Origon  (N.) 
bearing  S.  56°  E.,  38.45  kilometers  (20.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  12° 
52'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  30"  E.) ;  514  meters  (281  fathoms) ; 
February  2,  1908;  sft.  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5194;  off  northern  Cebu;  Chocolate  Island  bear- 
ing N.  66°  W.,  14.83  kilometers  (8  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  15'  30"  N.r 
long.  124°  11'  00"  E.) ;  271  meters  (148  fathoms) ;  April  3,  1908; 
gn.  M. 

Twenty-two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  229,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5197 ;  in  the  vicinity  of  western  Bohol ;  Balisca- 
sag  Island  bearing  S.  40.77  kilometers  (22  miles)  distant  (lat.  9a 
52'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  40'  45"  E.) ;  318  meters  (174  fathoms); 
April  9,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40973,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5201;  Sogod  Bay,  southern  Leyte;  Limasaua 
Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  1°  E.,  27.43  kilometers  (14.8  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  10'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  04'  15"  E.) ;  1,013  meters  (554 
fathoms) ;  April  10,  1908 ;  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  294,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5219;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon;  Mompog 
Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  35°  30'  W.,  22.70  kilometers  (12.25  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  21'  00"  N.,  long.  122°  18'  45"  E.) ;  969  meters 
(530  fathoms) ;  April  23,  1908;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  241,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5300;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  (lat.  20°  31'  00"  N.,  long.  115°  49'  00"  E.) ;  484  meters  (265 
fathoms) ;  August  8,  1908 ;  gy.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  235,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5373;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  27.80  kilometers  (15  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  40'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  31'  10"  E.) ;  617  meters  (338 
fathoms) ;  March  2,  1909 ;  sft.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40959,  E.  291,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5402;  between  Leyte  and  Cebu;  Capitancillo 
Island  Light  bearing  S.  37°  W.,  29.84  kilometers  (16.1  miles)  dis- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        73 

tant  (lat.  11°  11'  45"  N.,  long.  124°  15'  45"  E.) ;  344  meters  (188 
fathoms) ;  March  16,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Numerous  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40974,  E.  242,  E.  289,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5404;  Dupon  Bay  (Leyte)  and  vicinity;  Ponson 
Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  79°  E.,  12.60  kilometers  (6.8  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  50'  00"  N.,  long.  124°  26'  18"  E.) ;  347  meters  (190 
fathoms) ;  March  17,  1909 ;  M. 

Fourteen  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  231,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5406;  Dupon  Bay  (Leyte)  and  vicinity;  Ponson 
Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  88°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  49'  03"  N.,  long.  124°  22'  30"  E.) ;  545  meters  (298 
fathoms) ;  March  17,  1909 ;  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  292,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5409;  between  Cebu  and  Leyte;  Capitancillo 
Light  bearing  N.  19°  W.,  40.77  kilometers  (22  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  38'  00"  N.,  long.  124°  13'  08"  E.) ;  346  meters  (189  fathoms) ; 
March  18,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40961,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5410;  between  Cebu  and  Leyte;  Bagacay  Point 
Light  bearing  S.  37°  W.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  28'  45"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  30"  E.) ;  704  meters  (385  fathoms) ; 
March  18,  1909;  gn.  M. 

Ten  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  237,  E.  240,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz  Point 
(Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  231  meters  (127  fathoms) ; 
March  25,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  296,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N.,  long. 
121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms) ;  March  31,  1909;  gy.  M., 
co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  295,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5445 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon ;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay ;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  56°  E., 
9.82  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44'  42"  N.,  long.  124° 
59'  50"  E.) ;  700  meters  (393  fathoms)  ;  June  3,  1909;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  284,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5522;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  39°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  49'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  26'  30"  E.)  ;  421  meters  (230  fathoms)  ; 
August  10,  1909;  Glob. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  230,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5527;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands;  Bali- 
casag  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  15  kilometers  (8.2  miles) 


74  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

distant  (lat  9°  22'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  42'  40"  E.) ;  717  meters  (392 
fathoms) ;  August  11, 1909 ;  glob.  Oz. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  290,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5529;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands; 
Balicasag  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  11°  E.,  12.59  kilometers  (6.9  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  23'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  39'-  30"  E.) ;  806  meters  (441 
fathoms) ;  August  11,  1909;  gy.  M.,  Glob. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  233,  E.  285,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5536;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  26°  W.,  21.87  kilometers  (11.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
15'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  22'  00"  E.) ;  510  meters  (279  fathoms) ; 
August  19, 1909;  gn.  M. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40960,  E.  286,  U.S.N.M.). 

AlbaPross  station  5541;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  65°  W.,  23.54 
kilometers  (12.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  49'  38"  N.,  long.  123°  34' 
30"  E.) ;  400  meters  (219  fathoms) ;  August  20, 1909;  fne.  S.,  brk.  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  243,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5622;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  66°  W.;  503  meters  (275  fathoms) ; 
November  29, 1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  238,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5623;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  88°  W.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  16'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  30'  00"  E.) ;  497  meters  (272 
fathoms) ;  November  29,  1909 ;  fne.  S.,  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40975,  E.  239,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5624;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  67°  W.,  16.49  kilometers  (8.9  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  12'  15"  N.,  long.  127°  29'  30"  E.) ;  527  meters  (288 
fathoms) ;  November  29,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  287,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5626;  between  Gillolo  and  Kayoa  Islands;  Kayoa 
Island  (SE.)  bearing  S.  5°  W.,  12.42  kilometers  (6.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  07'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  29'  00"  E.) ;  485  meters  (265  fathoms) : 
November  29, 1909 ;  gy.  M.,  fne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  236,  E.  288,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — After  describing  O.  inutilis  on  the  basis  of  four  specimens 
collected  by  the  Siboga  (Kcehler  '05,  p.  199),  I  wrote  in  the  discus- 
sion of  the  affinities  of  this  species  that  it  was  very  close  to 
O.  gratiosa,  and  that  I  had  even  hesitated  to  separate  them.  The 
characters  upon  which  I  had  relied  to  distinguish  these  two  species 
were  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  the  development  of  the  small 
spines  which  ornament  the  distal  border  of  the  upper  arm  plates,  and 
the  contiguity  of  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates  at  the  base  of  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         75 

arms  in  0.  inutilis.  In  mentioning  this  latter  species  in  1911,  H.  L. 
Clark  added  that  the  identity  which  I  had  suspected  with  O.  gratiosa 
appeared  to  him  probable,  but  that  he  did  not  dare  to  affirm  it  ('11, 
p.  208). 

The  study  of  the  very  fine  series  collected  by  the  Albatross  at  a 
number  of  different  stations  has  enabled  me  to  determine  a  number 
of  variations,  affecting  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  the  condition 
of  the  under  arm  plates,  which  are  sometimes  in  contact  for  a  certain 
distance  along  the  arms,  and  sometimes  separated  from  the  arm  bases 
outward  by  a  more  or  less  well-marked  interval,  and  the  development 
of  the  tentacle  scales  and  the  covering  of  the  disk.  The  variations 
which  I  have  observed  have  convinced  me  that  a  specific  differentia- 
tion can  not  be  based  on  these  characters,  and  that  it  is  not  possible 
to  maintain  O.  inutttis,  which  thus  becomes  from  now  on  a  synonym 
of  0.  gratiosa. 

Let  us  review  rapidly  the  variations  which  may  be  observed. 

The  mouth  shields  may  be  very  large,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  as  in 
the  specimen  upon  which  I  established  0.  gratiosa,  and  as  I  find 
them  in  the  specimen  from  station  5300  (pi.  11,  fig.  T),  which  shows 
a  form  of  mouth  shield  identical  with  that  which  I  figured  in  my 
drawing  of  1896  ('96,  pi.  8,  fig.  61).  These  shields  may  be  a  little 
smaller  and  more  elongated,  while  still  remaining  of  considerable 
size  (specimen  from  station  5623,  pi.  11,  fig.  5)  ;  when  their  length 
diminishes  while  their  width  remains  the  same  these  shields  take  the 
form  reproduced  in  figure  3  (station  5622),  the  proximal  angle  then 
becoming  very  much  more  obtuse,  and  may  even  be  replaced  by  a 
very  convex  border.  If  the  length  still  further  diminishes,  the  mouth 
shields  become  very  small,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  angles 
usually  well  marked;  this  is  the  condition  which  I  find  in  a  large 
number  of  specimens  from  station  5402  (pi.  11,  fig.  4). 

The  upper  arm  plates  may  be  in  contact  on  many  segments  at  the 
base  of  the  arms  (pi.  11,  fig.  1,  station  5410)  or  they  may  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  base  outward  (fig.  6,  station  5626) ;  in  the  first  case 
the  plates  are  usually  very  much  larger  than  in  the  second.  The 
spines  which  occur  on  the  distal  border  are  sometimes  five  or  six 
in  number,  sometimes  reduced  to  two  or  three  only,  with  considerable 
variation  in  their  thickness  and  in  their  length;  these  spines  are 
rather  easily  lost. 

The  tentacle  scales  may  be  large  and  broad  (figs.  3,  5)  or  they  may 
be  thin  and  narrow  (figs.  4,  7) ;  there  are  sometimes  two  scales  on 
the  tentacular  pores  of  the  three  first  pairs,  sometimes  either  one  or 
two,  alternately  or  irregularly. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  granules,  which  are 
sometimes  very  short  (fig.  1),  but  which  may  become  very  much 


76  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

elongated  and  worthy  of  the  name  of  spines.  These  spines  are  some- 
times thick  and  strong,  rather  well  separated  from  each  other  (fig.  2), 
or  they  may  be  slender,  delicate,  and  closely  placed  (fig.  6),  inter- 
spersed or  not  with  granules.  On  the  photographs  which  I  give  (pi. 
95,  fig.  1)  all  the  intermediate  forms  between  the  granules  and  the 
true  spines  may  be  traced. 

In  view  of  these  variations. I  have  felt  justified  in  uniting  0.  grati- 
osa  and  O.  inutilis,  between  which  I  find  all  possible  types  of  inter- 
grades. 

On  account  of  the  arrangement  of  the  mouth  papillae,  0.  gratiosa, 
like  the  following  species,  should  be  placed  in  Verrill's  genus  Ophio- 
treta. 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator  among  the 
Laccadive  and  Andaman  Islands  and  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal  at  depths 
between  352  and  263  meters  (193  and  144  fathoms).  The  Siboga 
dredged  it  at  three  stations  among  the  Sunda  Islands  between  238 
and  397  meters  (130  to  218  fathoms).  H.  L.  Clark  has  reported  it 
from  the  Japanese  seas  in  from  80  to  128  meters  (44  to  70  fathoms). 

OPHIOTRETA  MATURA  (Koehler). 

Plate  12,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  13,  figs.  1-5 ;  plate  14,  figs.  1-5 ;  plate  15,  figs.  1-3 ;  plate 

95,  fig.  2. 

Ophiacantha  matura  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  112,  pi.  23,  figs.  2-4. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  207. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5349;  Palawan  Passage;  Point  Ta- 
bonan  bearing  N.  85°  E.,  83.77  kilometers  (45.2  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  54'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  26'  20"  E.) ;  1,372  meters  (750  fathoms) ; 
December  27,  1908 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  179,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5359;  Jolo  Sea  (lat.  8°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  37' 
15"  E.) ;  4,161  meters  (2,275  fathoms)  ;  January  9,  1909. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  183,  E.  196,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5421;  between  Panay  and  Guimaras;  Lusaran 
Point  Light  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  9.26  kilometers  (5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  33'  30"  N.,  long.  122°  26'  00"  E.) ;  251  meters  (137  fathoms) ; 
March  30,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  182,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5424;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  05"  N., 
long.  121°  12'  37"  E.)  ;  622  meters  (340  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909; 
co.  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  201,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5425;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  14°  E.,  7.41  kilometers  (4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  45"  N.,  long. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         77 

121°  11'  00"  E.)  ;  905  meters  (495  fathoms) ;  March  31,  1909;  gy.  M., 
co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  194,  E.  198,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5444;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  65°  E., 
9.45  kilometers  (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  43'  51"  N.,  long.  124°  58' 
50"  E.) ;  563  meters  (308  fathoms) ;  June  3, 1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5450;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino 
Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  East  Point  (Batan  Island)  bearing  S. 
36°  E.,  17.05  kilometers  (9.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  23'  15"  N.,  long. 
124°  00'  30"  E.) ;  746  meters  (408  fathoms) ;  June  3, 1909 ;  gn.  M.,  Co. 

Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5359;  Jolo  Sea  (lat.  8°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  120° 
37'  15"  E.) ;  4,160  meters  (2,275  fathoms) ;  January  9, 1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41148,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5467;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (S)  bearing  S.  79°  W.,  4.63 
kilometers  (2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  35'  27"  N.,  long.  123°  37' 
18"  E.) ;  878  meters  (480  fathoms)  ;  June  18, 1909;  gy.  M.  (m.  b.). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  200,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5488;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao;  San 
Kicardo  Point  (Panaon  Island)  bearing  S.  59°  E.,  16.68  kilometers 
(9  miles)  distant  (lat.  10°  00'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  06'  45"  E.)  ;  1,412 
meters  (772  fathoms) ;  July  31,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Numerous  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5492 ;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao ;  Diuata  Point 
(W.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  28.17  kilometers  (15.2  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  125°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,344  meters  (735  fathoms) ; 
August  1,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  197,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5499;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Macaba- 
lan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  21.50  kilometers 
(11.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  41'  30"  N.,  long.  124°  35'  40"  E.) ; 
1,013  meters  (554  fathoms) ;  August  4,  1909;  gn.  M.,  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  199,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5501 ;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity ;  Macaba- 
lan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  35°  E.,  15.19  kilometers  (8.2 
miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  37"  N.,  long.  124°  35'  00"  E.) ;  391 
meters  (214  fathoms) ;  August  4,  1909 ;  fne.  S.,  gy.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  178,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5505;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Macaba- 
lan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  14.27  kilometers 


78  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

(7.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  00"  E.)  ;  402 
meters  (220  fathoms) ;  August  5,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  176,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5506;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Macaba- 
lan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  41°  E.,  22.61  kilometers  (12.2 
miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  40'  00"  N.,  long.  124°  31'  45"  E.) ;  479  meters 
(262  fathoms) ;  August  4,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  180,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5511;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  28.35  kilometers  (15.3  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  8°  15'  20"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  00"  E.) ;  750  meters  (410 
fathoms) ;  August  7, 1909 ;  gy.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41153,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5512;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  76°  E.,  25.94  kilometers  (14  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  16'  02"  N.,  long.  123°  58'  26"  E.) ;  814  meters  (445  fathoms) ; 
August  7,  1909 ;  gy.  M.,  fne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  177,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5515;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  26°  E.,  45.59  kilometers  (24.6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  34'  48"  N.,  long.  124°  01'  24"  E.) ;  August  8,  1909. 

Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5521;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  11°  E.,  5.56  kilometers  (3  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  47'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  22'  30"  E.) ;  404  meters  (221 
fathoms) ;  August  10, 1909 ;  fne.  S. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5526;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands; 
Balicasag  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  15°  W.,  33.43  kilometers  (18.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  30"  E.) ;  1,472 
meters  (805  fathoms) ;  August  11, 1909;  gn.  M.,  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  195,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5538;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  64°  W.,  13.53  kilometers  (7.3  miles)  distant  (lat 
9°  08'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  23'  20"  E.) ;  468  meters  (256  fathoms) ; 
August  19,  1909;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  202,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5617;  Dodinga  Bay,  Gillolo  Island;  Ternate 
Island  (SE.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  49'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  25'  30"  E.) ;  239  meters  (131  fathoms) ; 
November  27,  1909. 

Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  March  Island  bearing 
S.  69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  37'  00"  N., 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         79 

long.  127°  15'  00"  E.) ;  763  meters  (417  fathoms) ;  November  27, 
1909;  gy.  M. 

Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2)  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms) ;  December  16, 
1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.181,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — On  account  of  the  arrangement  of  the  mouth  papillae  this 
species  appears  to  me  to  find  its  place  rather  in  the  subgenus  Ophio- 
treta  Verrill  than  in  the  group  Ophiectodia,  to  which  I  had  at  first 
assigned  it. 

The  numerous  series  of  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  show 
that  O.  matura  is  subject  to  very  considerable  variation,  and  exhibit 
characters  which  at  first  sight  seem  to  separate  them  widely  from 
the  type  which  I  described  on  the  basis  of  two  specimens  collected  by 
the  Siboga  in  latitude  5°  S.  and  longitude  132°  E.,  in  797  meters 
(435  fathoms)  of  water.  The  variations  especially  affect  the  arma- 
ture of  the  disk  and  of  the  upper  arm  plates,  the  form  of  the  tentacle 
scale,  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  and  the  transformation  of  the 
first  ventral  arm  spine  into  a  hook. 

In  the  two  Siboga  specimens  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  was 
covered  with  small  narrow  and  slender  club-spines  terminating  in 
two  or  three  unequal  and  irregular  spinules.  This  condition  is 
rather  rare  in  the  Albatross  series;  I  notice  it  in  the  specimen  from 
station  5492,  and  in  one  of  the  two  from  station  5359  (pi.  12,  fig.  6), 
in  which  these  club-spines  are  rather  unequal,  not  close  together,  and 
very  short  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk,  becoming  more  or  less 
elongated  toward  the  periphery.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5467 
the  club-spines  are  more  elongated  and  almost  of  equal  length, 
though  they  are  still  rather  short;  but  in  the  majority  of  the  others 
they  have  become  very  long,  closely  crowded,  and  always  very  slender 
true  spines;  sometimes  these  spines  are  smooth  throughout  and  re- 
main of  the  same  diameter  to  the  extremity  which  is  ordinarily 
bifurcated,  or  terminated  by  three  or  four  small  spinules  (pi.  12, 
fig.  1;  pi.  14,  figs.  1,  4;  pi.  15,  fig.  2) ;  sometimes  they  are  somewhat 
conical,  showing  denticulations  over  a  greater  or  lesser  portion  of 
their  length  (pi.  13,  fig.  2;  pi.  15,  fig.  1).  On  this  point  there  is 
the  greatest  possible  variation,  of  which  the  numerous  photographs 
which  I  reproduce  (pi.  95,  figs.  2a  and  b)  will  give  an  idea. 

The  upper  arm  plates  as  a  rule  have  their  distal  border  armed  with 
small  spines  which  are  more  or  less  numerous  and  more  or  less  devel- 
oped. Sometimes  they  are  reduced  to  small  short  and  conical  spine- 
lets  as  I  described  them  in  the  types;  this  is  the  condition  seen,  for 


80  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

instance,  in  the  two  specimens  from  station  5359  (pi.  12,  fig.  6)  and 
in  those  from  stations  5505,  5506,  and  5526  (pi.  13,  fig.  2).  Some- 
times they  are  very  much  more  elongated,  though  remaining  very 
fine,  and  then,  instead  of  being  stiff  and  straight,  they  are  somewhat 
incurved  or  sinuous,  as  if  they  had  in  the  living  animal  a  certain 
amount  of  flexibility;  this  is  the  condition  in  the  specimens  from 
stations  5423,  5424,  and  5425  (pi.  15,  figs.  4,  5;  pi.  14,  fig.  1).  These 
spines  may  even  not  be  confined  to  the  distal  border  of  the  upper  arm 
plate,  but  may  also  appear  on  its  surface;  this  occurs,  for  instance, 
in  the  specimens  from  station  5425  (pi.  12,  fig.  5).  The  number  of 
these  spines  varies,  and  often  it  is  impossible  to  find  the  least  trace 
of  them,  but  as  they  are  rather  deciduous  it  is  assumable  that  they 
have  been  torn  off  by  abrasion. 

The  mouth  shields  are  typically  triangular  and  broader  than  long, 
as  I  described  them  in  the  types,  and  as  some  of  the  photographs 
which  I  give  here  (pi.  12,  fig.  3;  pi.  13,  figs.  1,  4,  5;  pi.  14,  figs.  2,  5) 
show  them.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5359,  figured  on  plate 
13  figure  3,  these  shields  are  relatively  a  little  higher  and  scarcely 
broader  than  long.  In  others  they  are  distinctly  longer  than  broad, 
for  example,  in  that  from  station  5424  which  is  figured  in  plate  12, 
figure  2. 

The  tentacle  scales  are  always  two  in  number  on  the  pores  of  the 
first  pair,  but  the  following  pairs  have  only  one.  Usually  the  scales 
of  the  first  segment  are  larger  than  those  following,  which  become 
gradually  narrower.  Sometimes  these  scales  acquire  a  very  great 
development  and  maintain  almost  the  same  dimensions  throughout 
the  greater  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms;  this  is  the  case  in  the 
specimen  from  station  5538  (pi.  12,  fig.  3,  and  pi.  14,  fig.  3).  Some- 
times these  scales,  instead  of  being  broadened  on  the  first  segments, 
are  as  narrow  and  as  thin  as  on  the  following  segments ;  this  occurs 
in  the  specimen  from  station  5467  (pi.  13,  fig.  4).  Usually  these 
scales  are  rugose  and  provided  with  asperities,  which  are  especially 
developed  in  their  distal  part,  and  they  are  thus  more  or  less  strongly 
spiniferous.  These  asperities  may  even  become  transformed  into 
small  more  or  less  developed  lobes  as  may  be  seen  on  the  specimen 
from  station  5538  (pi.  12,  fig.  3,  and  pi.  14,  fig.  3)  and  on  those  from 
stations  5506  (pi.  13,  fig.  1),  5424  (pi.  14,  fig.  2),  5511  (pi.  14,  fig. 
5),  etc. 

The  tentacle  scale,  however  it  may  be  developed,  is  always  very 
long,  and,  as  I  wrote  in  1904,  the  length  is  almost  equal  to  that  of 
the  segment.  It  is  only  in  the  terminal  part  of  the  arms  where  the 
segments  are  considerably  elongated  that  the  tentacle  scale,  which 
does  not  become  similarly  elongated,  appears  relatively  short  (pi.  15, 
fig.  3).  I  show  on  plate  95,  figure  2e,  some  of  these  scales  isolated. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        81 

I  notice  that  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  may  be  transformed  into 
a  hook  at  a  greater  or  lesser  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms,  and 
in  the  distal  part  of  the  arm  this  transformation  always  takes  place 
(pi.  15,  fig.  3) ;  but  sometimes,  as  is  seen,  for  instance,  in  a  speci- 
men from  station  5424,  shown  on  plate  14,  figure  2,  this  transforma- 
tion appears  very  early  and  already  shows  itself  on  the  tenth  arm 
segment.  It  may  happen  also  that  the  second  spine  has  the  ex- 
tremity recurved  and  that  its  teeth  become  very  large,  though  rather 
few,  on  its  proximal  or  concave  border,  and  that  it,  too,  thus  tends 
to  become  converted  into  a  hook.  On  plate  95,  figure  2,  I  give  some 
photographs  showing  the  forms  which  the  first  (d)  and  the  second 
(c)  ventral  arm  spines  may  assume. 

I  may  add  that  the  arm  spines,  which  are  more  or  less  elongated, 
are  sometimes  very  long  and  extremely  slender,  and  almost  silky, 
as  for  example  in  the  specimens  from  station  5424  (pi.  12,  fig.  1,  and 
pi.  14,  fig^  1) ;  they  are  still  longer  but  thicker  in  that  from  station 
5526  (pi.  13,  fig.  2),  but  very  much  shorter  in  that  from  station 
5359  (pi.  12,  fig.  6). 

All  of  these  variations  do  not'  prevent  the  recognition  of  the 
species  when  there  are  at  hand  specimens  enough  to  follow  the  vari- 
ous phases,  but  with  a  single  specimen  one  might  very  easily  be 
led  into  error.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  it  has  seemed  to  me  ad- 
visable to  describe  these  variations  in  some  detail,  and  especially 
to  include  a  number  of  photographs  showing  the  most  characteristic 
forms  of  O.  matura. 

The  transformation  of  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  into  a  hook  at 
some  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms  is  a  very  remarkable  char- 
acter, though  I  do  not  believe  it  should  be  considered  of  sufficient 
importance  to  necessitate  a  generic  separation,  and  I  therefore  leave 
O.  ma.tura  in  the  genus  Ophiotreta  near  O.  gratiosa,  to  which  it  is 
very  closely  related.  I  have  not  been  able  to  observe  the  least  in- 
dication of  a  transformation  into  a  hook  of  the  first  ventral  arm 
spine  either  in  O.  gratiosa  or  in  the  other  species  of  Ophiacanthidae 
of  which  the  arms  are  preserved  throughout  their  entire  length. 

OPHIOTRETA  SPATULIFERA,  new  species. 

Plate  19,  figs.  5,  6. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5629;  Patiente  Strait  and  southward; 
Doworra  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  62°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  50'  00"  S.,  long.  128°  12'  00"  E.)  ;  375  meters  (205 
fathoms) ;  December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41197,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  8.5  mm.;  the  arms  are 
broken  off  near  the  base,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  fragments  are 

•   55269— 22— Bui.  100 6 


82  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

preserved,  and  their  length  may  be  estimated  as  from  55  mm.  to 
60  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces ;  the  dor- 
sal surface  is  flattened  and  covered  with  tine,  small,  rounded,  and 
imbricated  scales  of  uniform  size  except  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  center  where  they  become  much  smaller.  Each  plate  bears 
a  slender  club-spine,  twice  as  high  as  broad,  terminated  by  a  crown 
of  three  or  four  divergent  spinules,  which  are  conical  and  rather 
stout.  On  the  surface  of  the  disk  are  10  very  widely  separated 
radial  ribs,  only  slightly  elevated,  elongated,  and  rather  narrow,  on 
the  surface  of  which  each  of  the  plates  bears  a  club-spine  a  little 
stouter  than  those  on  the  rest  of  the  disk.  At  the  extremity  of  each 
rib  there  may  be  seen  a  very  small  triangular  and  naked  shield. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  cov- 
ered with  small,  rounded,  imbricated  plates  identical  with  those  on 
the  dorsal  surface,  but  bearing  club-spines  only  at  the  extreme 
periphery  of  the  disk.  The  genital  slits  are  very  broad. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  rather  large,  are  triangular  and 
slightly  broader  than  long  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  bounded 
by  two  gently  concave  sides ;  the  distal  border  is  very  strongly  con- 
vex. The  adoral  plates  are  rather  broad,  two  and  a  half  times  as 
long  as  broad,  scarcely  broader  outwardly  than  inwardly;  they 
send  off  a  very  narrow  process  which  separates  the  mouth  shield 
from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  twice 
as  high  as  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  rather  numerous 
and  arranged  somewhat  irregularly;  they  are  at  least  six  or  seven 
in  number.  The  three  or  four  proximal  papillae  are  elongated  and 
conical  with  the  point  obtuse,  and  they  are  not  aligned  exactly  in 
the  same  plane;  then  follow  ordinarily  two  papillae,  sometimes 
three,  which  are  flattened  and  very  strongly  broadened  in  their  outer 
half  in  such  a  way  as  to  appear  spatulate.  Following  these  last 
there  are  one  or  two  more  spiniform  and  pointed  papillae,  and  often 
also  a  spiniform  papilla  occurs  below  the  last  spatulate  papilla.  A 
spiniform  papilla,  smaller  than  the  preceding,  is  situated  at  the  outer 
angle  of  the  first  under  arm  plate.  At  the  tip  of  the  jaw  there  are 
ordinarily  three  tooth  papillae,  one  larger  unpaired  and  two  a  little 
smaller  placed  above  it;  the  unpaired  papilla  may  be  replaced  by 
two  others  smaller,  in  which  case  there  are  four  tooth  papillae. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  rather  large,  a  little  broader  than  long, 
with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle  bordered  by  straight  sides  and  a 
convex  distal  edge ;  these  plates  are  in  contact  throughout  the  greater 
part  of  the  length  of  the  arms. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  of  medium  size  and  trapezoidal  with 
a  straight  and  narrow  distal  border,  well  developed  sides,  and  a  broad 


OPHIURANS  OP  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        83 

and  convex  proximal  border.  The  second  is  very  large  and  very 
broad,  very  much  broader  than  long,  with  a  straight  and  narrow 
proximal  border,  very  strongly  divergent  sides  which  are  excavated 
by  the  tentacle  scale,  and  a  convex  distal  border.  The  following  are 
pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  the  distal  border 
always  strongly  convex;  their  length  progressively  diminishes  be- 
yond the  third,  and  they  end  by  being  as  long  as  broad,  and  finally 
longer  than  broad.  Beyond  the  second  these  plates  are  separated  by 
a  narrow  interval  which  becomes  progressively  elongated  as  the  plates 
become  smaller. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  strongly  projecting,  bear  eight 
spines,  of  which  the  length  increases  from  the  first  ventral,  exceeding 
the  segment,  to  the  last  dorsal,  which  is  at  least  as  long  as  four  seg- 
ments. On  the  first  arm  segment  the  two  lateral  columns  come  very 
close  together  in  the  dorsal  median  line.  These  spines  are  rather 
slender,  vitreous,  furnished  with  rather  evident  and  well-spaced 
denticulations ;  these  denticulations  are  especially  developed  on  the 
ventral  spines,  and  they  may  completely  disappear  on  the  large  dorsal 
spines. 

The  under  and  side  arm  plates  in  the  proximal  portion  of  the  arms 
show  on  their  surface  rather  prominent  concentric  striations;  these 
striations  are  scarcely  indicated  on  the  upper  arm  plates. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  rather  large,  somewhat  broadened,  and 
pointed ;  it  shows  on  its  borders  small  asperities  which  are  especially 
developed  toward  its  tip;  its  length  equals  almost  that  of  the  cor- 
responding under  arm  plate.  The  pores  of  the  first  pair  are  provided 
with  two  smaller  and  rounded  scales. 

In  the  specimen  in  alcohol  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the 
arms  is  light  brown ;  the  spines  and  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk 
are  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — On  account  of  the  arrangement  of 
the  mouth  papillae  it  seems  to  me  necessary  to  place  this  species  in  Ver- 
rilPs  genus  Ophiotreta;  its  two  external  mouth  papillae  are  broadened, 
and  these  papillae  are  greatly  developed,  showing  a  spatulate  form 
which  is  doubtless  characteristic  of  the  species.  The  presence  of  two 
tentacle  scales  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair  is  likewise  rather  often 
observed  in  the  genus  Ophiotreta.  But  0.  spatulifera  is  easily  dis- 
tinguished from  the  other  species  of  this  group  by  having  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  armed  with  very  slender  elongated  and  narrow 
club -spines  ending  in  a  crown  of  fine  spinules,  as  well  as  by  the  spatu- 
late form  of  the  two  outer  mouth  papillae. 


84  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOTRETA  VALENCIENNESI   (Lyman). 

Plate  16,  fig.  4;  plate  93,  fig.  6. 

See  for  bibliography : 
OpMacantha  valenciennesi  KGEHLEB  ('04),  p.  110;   ('07),  p.  292;   ('09),  p. 

188.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  205. 
OpMacantha  (Ophiotreta)  valenciennesi  KCEHLER  ('14),  p.  102. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5306;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hongkong  (lat.  20°  55'  00"  N.,  long.  116°  40'  00"  E.) ;  311  meters 
(170  fathoms) ;  October  26,  1908;  co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41151,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  single  specimen  is  in  rather  poor  condition ;  the  arms 
are  broken  into  many  fragments,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk 
has  been  almost  completely  torn  away. 

Verrill  placed  0.  valenciennesi  in  his  subgenus  Ophiotreta,  with 
0.  sertata  and  O.  lineolata;  H.  L.  Clark  retained  in  this  subgenus 
0.  sertata  and  O.  lineolata,  to  which  he  added  0.  eximia,  0.  gratiosa, 
and  O.  sociabilis,  but  he  placed  0.  valenciennesi  in  the  genus  OpMa- 
cantha ('15,  p.  205).  I  shall  follow  VerrilPs  example  in  placing  O. 
valenciennesi,  in  the  genus  Ophiotreta;  it  must  be  recognized,  how- 
ever, that  it  differs  notably  from  the  other  species  assigned  to  this 
genus  in  having  the  tentacle  scales  doubled  throughout  the  length 
of  the  arms.  But  I  do  not  believe  that  there  is  any  present  necessity 
for  placing  O.  valenciennesi  in  a  distinct  genus. 

The  granules  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  continued  onto 
the  two  or  three  first  upper  arm  plates,  but  I  notice  that  some  of  the 
plates  which  follow,  to  the  number  of  five  or  six,  or  sometimes  even 
less,  show  in  the  middle  of  their  distal  edge  a  single  rounded  granule 
a  little  longer  than  broad,  narrower  than  the  granules  of  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk,  and  slightly  rugose;  the  following  plates  lack 
these  granules.  These  must  be  very  deciduous,  and  I  have  not  seen 
them  on  the  various  individuals  of  O.  valenciennesi  which  I  have 
examined  up  to  the  present  time ;  however,  in  reexamining  the  speci- 
mens collected  by  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman  I  have  been  able 
to  find  two  on  one  of  the  specimens. 

The  granules  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  as  likewise  those 
which  are  sometimes  found  on  the  free  edges  of  the  upper  arm  plates, 
are  not  perfectly  rounded ;  isolated  and  viewed  under  the  microscope 
they  are  seen  to  be  very  short  cylinders  inserted  by  a  broadened  and 
flat  base,  almost  as  high  as  broad,  and  ending  in  a  strongly  convex 
surface  furnished  with  short  and  conical  teeth,  which  may  be  con- 
tinued down  the  sides  of  the  granule  (pi.  93,  fig.  6). 

I  have  already  had  occasion  at  different  times  to  speak  of  this 
species  and  of  its  enormous  geographical  range. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         85 
OPHIALCOEA  CONGESTA  (Koehler). 

Plate  15,  figs.  6,  7. 

Ophiacantha  congesta  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  103,  pi.  24,  figs.  1,  2. 
OpJiialcoea  congesta  H.  L.  CLAKK  ('15),  p.  217. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5219;  between  Marinduquer  and 
Luzon;  Mompog  Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  35°  30'  W.,  22.70  kilo- 
meters (12.25  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  21'  00"  N.,  long.  122°  18' 
45"  E.) ;  969  meters  (530  fathoms) ;  April  23,  1908;  gn.  M. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41265,  41267,  41268,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5527;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands; 
Balicasag  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  15.20  kilometers  (8.2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  22'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  42'  40"  E.)  717  meters  (392 
fathoms) ;  August  11,  1909 ;  glob.  Oz. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41266,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Three  of  the  specimens  from  from  station  5219  are  almost 
of  the  same  dimensions  as  the  type  of  the  species.  The  diameter  of 
the  disk  measures  from  7  mm.  to  9  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  between 
40  mm.  and  45  mm.  long :  in  another  specimen  from  station  5527  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  5.5  mm.  The  others  are  smaller  and  their 
disks  do  not  exceed  3  mm.  or  4  mm.  in  diameter. 

Judging  from  the  form  of  the  upper  arm  plates  and  the  form  of 
the  arm  spines,  this  species  should  be  placed  in  Verrill's  genus 
Ophialcoea,  where  it  falls  near  0.  nuttingii  Verrill,  and  0.  tubercu- 
losa  (Lyman).  It  is,  however,  sharply  distinguished  from  these  two 
species;  O.  nuttingii  has  the  mouth  shields  large  and  oval,  and 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small  spines,  which 
leave  the  radial  shields  naked,  while  O.  tuberculosa,  in  which  the 
mouth  shields  have  a  form  similar  to  that  which  is  found  in  O.  con- 
gesta, has  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  covered  with  large  granules, 
and  the  radial  shields  of  each  pair,  which  are  very  close  together,  are 
separated  by  a  deep  and  elongated  depression ;  furthermore,  the  arm 
spines  are  more  slender. 

The  arm  spines  of  O.  congesta  are  thick  and  short;  in  the  Albatross 
specimens  the  dorsal  spines  of  the  first  segments  especially  show  a 
remarkable  thickness,  but  their  width  rapidly  diminishes. 

Ophialcoea  congesta  was  found  by  the  Siboga  at  two  stations  be- 
tween latitude  l°-5°  S.  and  longitude  119°-130°  E.,  at  depths  of  450 
and  798  meters  (240  and  439  fathoms). 

OPHIENTREMA  LEUCOSTICTUM   (H.  L.  Clark). 

Plate  8,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  10,  fig.  5 ;  plate  94,  fig.  1. 

Ophiacantha  leucosticta  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  235. 
Ophientrema  leucostictum  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  217. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5606:  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes: 
Dodepo  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  20.01  kilometers  (10.8  miles) 


86  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

distant  (lat.  0°  16'  28"  N.,  long.  121°  33'  30"  E.) ;  1,525  meters 
(834  fathoms) ;  November  17,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  36,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  in  good  condition;  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  14  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  70  mm.  long. 

In  describing  0.  leucosticta  H.  L.  Clark  remarked  that  this  species 
might  belong  to  a  new  genus  which  would  be  characterized  by  the 
incomplete  calcification  of  certain  parts  of  the  body  and  by  the 
peculiar  arrangement  of  the  arm  spines,  as  well  as  of  the  tentacle 
scales.  But  in  his  memoir  of  1915  he  places  Ophiacantha  leucosticta 
in  Yerrill's  genus  Ophientrema  with  O.  scolopendrica.  This  assign- 
ment to  the  genus  Ophientrema  appears  to  be  perfectly  justified, 
and  I  shall  adopt  it  here.  I  believe  further  that  H.  L.  Clark  was 
perfectly  right  in  removing  from  the  genus  Ophientrema  O.  granu- 
losa  which  Verrill  thought  should  be  placed  with  0.  scolopendrica; 
in  reality  these  two  species  are  very  different  from  each  other,  and 
if  0.  scolopendrica  be  taken  as  the  type  of  the  genus  Ophientrema, 
it  is  not  possible  to  retain  in  the  same  genus  0.  granulosa. 

The  characters  to  which  H.  L.  Clark  drew  attention  in  1911  and 
which  then  seemed  to  him  of  such  a  nature  as  to  justify  the  creation 
of  a  new  genus  (I  am  speaking  of  the  reduction  of  the  tentacle  pores 
which  occur  only  on  the  first  arm  segments  and  the  arrangement  of 
the  arm  spines)  are  shown  equally  well  in  0.  scolopendrica,  and 
the  mouth  plates  also  agree  with  those  of  that  species;  but  H.  L. 
Clark's  form  is  remarkable  for  the  incomplete  calcification  of  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  body,  for  the  form  of  the  upper  and  under  arm 
plates,  and  for  the  characters  shown  by  the  ventral  spines. 

Another  species  from  Japan  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  1911  under 
the  name  of  Ophwcantha  euphylactea  ('11,  p.  225,  fig.  105)  seems  to 
me  to  approach  very  closely  the  genus  Ophientrema,  though  without 
having  the  characters  as  wrell  marked  as  in  0.  scolopendrica  and 
0.  leueostictum. 

My  single  specimen  is  a  little  smaller  than  H.  L.  Clark's  type,  in 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  17  mm.  and  of  which  the  arms 
were  70  mm.  long.  Instead  of  the  dark  brown  coloration  of  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  which  that  author  described  the  present  specimen 
has  the  central  portion  of  the  disk  olivaceous  green ;  from  this  region 
there  diverge  five  radial  bands  of  the  same  color,  which  narrow  be- 
tween the  radial  shields  and  do  not  reach  the  periphery  of  the  disk, 
and  five  interradial  bands,  which  are  continued  as  far  as  the  border 
of  the  disk.  The  intermediate  parts,  which  are  chiefly  occupied  by 
the  radial  shields,  are  a  very  light  yellow,  as  is  also  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  arms.  The  whole  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  studded  with 
little  projecting  granules,  as  described  by  H.  L.  Clark,  of  which  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         87 

surface  is  very  rugose,  but  it  is  only  in  the  colored  portion  that  I  am 
able  to  distinguish  under  the  microscope  the  little  black  points  men- 
tioned by  the  American  author.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is 
olivaceous,  lighter  than  the  dorsal  surface,  with  less  numerous  gran- 
ules, which  do  not  reach  the  mouth  shields,  and  with  little  ilack 
scattered  dots. 

H.  L.  Clark  says  that  the  three  or  four  ventral  arm  spines  are 
"  rough  or  hooked  at  the  tip."    But  I  notice  that  the  modification 
is  more  marked  than  these  words  would  seem  to  indicate.     These 
spines  are  covered  with  rather  strong  asperities  on  the  three  first 
arm  segments,  but  beyond  the  fourth,  that  is  to  say  almost  at  the 
borders  of  the  disk,  the  asperities  which  arm  the  terminal  portion 
of  the  first  spine,  and  sometimes  even  of  the  second,  elongate,  and 
one  of  these  develop  into  a  little  hyaline  hook,  which  is  slightly  re- 
curved and  turned  toward  the  mouth  (pi.  94,  fig.  la).    A  similar 
modification  appears  very  rapidly  on  the  other  ventral  spines  (fig. 
15),  and  behind  the  terminal  hook  the  dimensions  of  which  pro- 
gressively increase,  there  are  two  or  three  other  smaller  teeth  on  the 
adoral  or  proximal  side  of  the  spines.    On  the  distal  side  the  asperi- 
ties are  less  marked,  though  they  are  developed  for  some  little  dis- 
tance toward  the  extremity  of  the  spines.    The  spines  so  modified 
recall  the  central  spine  of  the  species  of  OpMothrix;  but  the  trans- 
formation into  a  true  hook  is  less  marked  than  in  this  genus,  and  the 
spines  always  retain  the  character  of  spines.    The  dorsal  spines  are 
simply  rugose,  and  their  asperities  remain  very  fine  and  very  closely 
crowded  without  showing  the  least  tendency  to  become  more  de- 
veloped toward  the  extremity  of  the  spine  (fig.  lc).    On  plate  10, 
figure  5,  I  give  a  photograph  of  the  lateral  surface  of  an  arm  on 
which  the  relative  length  of  the  soft  areas  which  separate  the  side 
arm  plates  may  be  appreciated. 

A  true  tentacle  scale  is  only  found  on  the  arm  pores  of  the  second 
and  of  the  third  pairs,  and  I  do  not  see  the  least  trace  of  them  on 
those  of  the  fourth  pair. 

Notwithstanding  these  few  differences,  which  are  quite  secondary 
in  character,  my  specimen  incontestably  belongs  to  the  same  species 
as  that  of  H.  L.  Clark. 

In  his  memoir  of  1917  Matsumoto  (p.  110)  considers  O.  leucostic- 
tum  (H.  L.  Clark)  identical  with  O.  scolopendrica  (Lyman).  I 
do  not  dare  to  give  an  opinion  on  this  synonymy,  for,  judging  by 
Lyman's  description  and  figures,  there  are  some  rather  important 
differences  between  them,  of  which  I  have  spoken  above;  0.  scolopen- 
drica does  not  show  the  same  form  of  upper  and  under  arm  plates 
nor  the  incomplete  calcification  of  different  parts  of  the  body  which 
are  found  in  O.  leucostictum ;  furthermore,  Lyman  does  not  indicate 


88  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

in  his  species  any  modifications  of  the  ventral  spines  comparable  to 
those  which  are  shown  by  H.  L.  Clark's  specimen  and  especially  by 
mine  which  has  exactly  the  same  dimensions  as  the  type  of  O.  scolo- 
pendrica.  However,  it  is  certain  that  the  two  forms  are  very  close, 
and  perhaps  the  study  of  a  more  complete  series  of  individuals  will 
show  intermediate  forms  which  are  now  lacking.  I  may  mention 
also  that  the  type  of  0.  scolopendrica  was  found  at  a  station  (lat. 
34°  N.,  long.  138°  E. ;  1,033  meters  [565  fathoms] )  very  close  to  that 
where  O.  leucostictum  was  dredged  (lat.  34°  09'  N.,  long.  137°  55'  E. ; 
927  meters  [507  fathoms]). 

OPHIOTREMA  TERTIUM,  new  species. 

Plate  21,  figs.  2,  3,  7. 

Locality.  —  Albatross  station  5349;  Palawan  Passage;  Point 
Tabonan  bearing  N.  85°  E.,  83.77  kilometers  (45.2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  54'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  26'  20"  E.) ;  1,335  meters  (730 
fathoms) ;  December  27, 1908 ;  co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41150,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  incomplete.  Only  one  arm,  about 
65  mm.  long,  is  preserved  throughout  its  entire  length.  The  disk  is 
pentagonal,  but  it  is  considerably  deformed;  it  measures  15  mm.  in 
one  diameter,  but  only  11  mm.  in  the  other. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  also  in  a  poor  state  of  preserva- 
tion;  it  is  strongly  wrinkled,  and  certain  parts  have  been  completely 
torn  away.  It  may  be  seen,  however,  that  this  surface  is  covered  by 
an  integument  bearing  various  kinds  of  structures;  there  are  some- 
what elongated  and  closely  packed  granules  with  a  very  rugose  sur- 
face ;  among  these  granules  there  are  flattened  and  somewhat  lanceo- 
late spines  lying  on  the  integument  which  bears  them;  these  spines 
are  rather  obtuse.  The  radial  shields  are  almost  completely  hidden, 
only  their  distal  extremities  being  visible.  The  rugose  granules  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  continued  onto  the  two  or  three 
first  arm  segments  and  cover  the  upper  arm  plates  as  well  as  the  side 
arm  plates.  They  are  somewhat  elongated  on  the  arms,  there  be- 
coming conical  though  remaining  very  rugose. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  has  a  covering  similar  to  that  of 
the  dorsal  surface,  but  the  spines  occur  only  in  the  region  near  the 
periphery,  thence  gradually  disappearing  so  that  two-thirds  of  the 
ventral  surface  bears  only  granules  which  are  very  closely  crowded, 
and  which  persist  to  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are  large 
and  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  triangular,  broader  than  long, 
with  the  proximal  angle  sometimes  a  right  angle  and  sometimes 
obtuse,  the  later  angles  rounded,  and  the  distal  border  gently  con- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        89 

cave.  The  adoral  plates  are  large,  much  elongated,  and  broadened 
as  far  as  the  median  interradial  line  along  which  they  are  broadly 
united  with  their  neighbors;  they  taper  to  the  level  of  the  mouth 
tentacle  pores,  then  broaden  again  in  their  distal  parts  and  pass 
around  the  mouth  shield,  forming  a  lobe  which  separates  this  -shield 
from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and 
high.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  numerous,  and  there  may  be  as 
many  as  eight  or  nine  of  them;  they  are  conical,  elongated,  and 
pointed;  the  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  a  little  longer  than  those 
on  either  side.  These  papillae  are  continued  along  the  internal  bor- 
der of  the  large  mouth  tentacle  pore  to  the  number  of  at  least  six 
on  this  border;  the}-  are  unfortunately  more  or  less  poorly  pre- 
served. They  disappear  before  the  distal  extremity  of  the  pore,  and 
apparently  are  not  continued  on  its  radial  border. 

The  arms  are  rather  flattened,  and  their  dorsal  surface  is  only 
slightly  convex.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  of  medium  dimensions, 
as  the  side  arm  plates  extend  rather  broadly  over  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  arms.  These  plates  are  triangular,  almost  as  long  as  broad, 
with  a  proximal  angle  which  is  sharp,  though  rounded  at  the  tip, 
and  a  convex  distal  border  which  is  often  divided  into  two  small 
sides  united  by  an  obtuse  angle.  They  are  separated  from  each  other 
from  the  base  of  the  arms  outward  by  an  interval  which  is  always 
very  narrow. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  longer  than  broad,  triangular  in 
general  form,  but  with  the  base  ordinarily  divided  into  two  short 
sides  passing  into  each  other  by  an  obtuse  angle ;  the  lateral  borders 
are  excavated  by  the  large  mouth  tentacle  pores,  and  the  distal  sum- 
mit is  truncated.  The  second  plate  is  already  separated  from  the 
first  by  the  side  arm  plates,  and  it  is  the  same  for  all  the  following 
plates.  These  are  very  narrow  in  their  proximal  portion,  that  is, 
in  about  the  first  two-thirds  of  their  length,  while  they  are  much 
broadened  in  their  distal  third.  They  have  a  sharp  proximal  angle 
and  two  lateral  borders,  strongly  excavated  by  the  corresponding 
tentacle  pores,  which  pass  over  very  rounded  angles  to  form  the  dis- 
tal border;  this  is  extremely  broadened  and  shows  in  the  center  a 
small  notch. 

The  side  arm  plates  do  not  project  at  all,  and  they  cover  a  rather 
large  portion  of  the  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces  of  the  arms.  They 
carry  on  the  first  segment  six  subequal  spines  of  which  the  length 
is  a  little  greater  than  that  of  the  segment.  These  spines  are  cylin- 
drical with  the  point  rounded;  their  surface  is  rugose,  and  even 
sometimes  slightly  echinulated.  They  are  very  close  to  each  other, 
and  are  appressed  against  the  lateral  surface  of  the  arms;  but  the 
two  lateral  series  are  very  far  apart  in  the  median  dorsal  lines. 


90  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  tentacle  pores  are  very  large  and  rounded  and  show  on  their 
borders  the  little  spines  characteristic  of  the  genus  Ophiotrema; 
these  spines  are  very  fine,  conical,  pointed,  and  rather  long,  but  they 
are  very  often  broken  off,  and  it  is  difficult  to  give  their  number  as 
well  as  their  exact  arrangement ;  it  seems  to  me  that  typically  there 
are  three  spines  on  the  internal  or  radial  border  of  the  pore,  while 
another  spine,  often  a  little  more  strongly  developed  than  the  pre- 
ceding, is  found  on  the  external  border  in  front  of  the  insertion  of 
the  first  arm  spine. 

The  specimen  in  alcohol  has  the  disk  rather  dark  on  the  dorsal 
surface :  the  arms  are  much  lighter,  almost  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  genus  Ophiotrem&  was 
previously  known  only  from  two  species,  each  represented  by  a  small 
number  of  specimens  all  of  which  are  in  a  more  or  less  poor  state 
of  preservation.  In  the  two  species  already  known,  O.  alberti  Koehler 
and  0.  gracilis  Kcehler,  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  distinct 
plates,  each  of  which  bears  a  small  spine,  while  in  the  new  species 
it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  any  plates  on  this  surface,  and  the 
covering  of  the  disk  is  composed  of  both  granules  and  more  or  less 
recumbent  spines.  This  difference  does  not  seem  to  justify  a  generic 
separation,  for  the  characters  shown  by  the  mouth  papillae,  by  the 
tentacle  pores  of  the  mouth  and  of  the  arms,  by  the  arm  spines,  by 
the  upper  and  under  arm  plates,  etc.,  agree  very  well  with  the  char- 
acters of  the  genus  Ophiotrema. 

I  have  already  had  occasion  to  express  my  opinion  on  the  subject 
of  the  affinities  of  the  genus  Ophiotrema  (Koahler  '09,  p.  196) ;  con- 
trary to  Verrill's  opinion,  I  believe  that  the  genus  Ophiotrema 
is  near  the  genus  Ophiopora  and  not  at  all  close  to  the  genus  Ophio- 
mitra,  as  that  naturalist  has  suggested,  and  near  which  he  has 
placed  it. 

This  affinity  with  the  genus  Ophiopora  has  been  recently  admitted 
by  H.  L.  Clark,  but  he  goes  much  farther,  for  he  unites  the  two 
genera.  In  his  catalogue  of  the  ophiurans  ('15,  p.  218)  he  places 
my  0.  alberti  and  the  genus  Ophiotoma.  I  can  not  accept  this  point 
of  view,  for  I  consider  that  the  genus  Ophiotrema  is  perfectly  valid 
and  should  be  retained.  I  have  accepted  it  as  characterized  by  the 
presence  of  small  spines  on  the  borders  of  the  arm  tentacular  pores, 
as  well  as  by  other  structural  features.  This  character  is  absolutely 
lacking  in  the  genus  Ophiopora,  where  the  pores  are  mostly  quite 
without  scales. 

Matsumoto's  opinion  is  quite  opposed  to  H.  L.  Clark's,  and  he  re- 
tains the  genus  Ophiotrema  as  distinct  from  the  genera  Ophiopora 
and  Ophiotoma  ('17,  p.  93),  the  presence  of  the  large  tentacle  pores 
invoked  by  H.  L.  Clark  to  unite  them  being,  he  says,  a  character 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        91 

which  appears  also  in  many  other  genera  and  which  of  itself  does  not 
suffice  to  justify  this  reunion. 

OPHIOTOMA  ASSIMILIS  Koehler. 

Plate  20,  figs.  1-7. 

OpMotoma  assimtiis  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  144,  pi.  28,  figs.  1,  2. — H.  L.  CLABK 
('15),  p.  218. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5450;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San 
Bernardino  Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  East  Point  (Batan  Island) 
bearing  S.  36°  E.,  17.05  kilometers  (9.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13° 
23'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  00'  30"  E.) ;  746  meters  (408  fathoms) ; 
June  3, 1919 ;  gn.  M.,  Co. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  105,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5460;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Sialat  Point  Light  bearing  N.  24°  E.,  15.20 
kilometers  (8.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  32'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  58'  06" 
E.) ;  1,033  meters  (565  fathoms) ;  June  10,  1909;  gy.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  108,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5505;  Northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Maca- 
balan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  14.27  kilometers 
(7.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  00"  E.) ;  402 
meters  (220  fathoms)  ;  August  5,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  107,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5647;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  87°  E.,  21.50  kilometers  (11.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  34'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  18'  15"  E.) ;  949  meters  (519  fathoms) ;  December  16, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  106,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Only  two  of  the  specimens  from  station  5450  are  in  good 
condition;  they  are  of  large  size,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  being  from 
20  mm.  to  22  mm.  and  the  length  of  the  arms  75  mm.  In  figures  4 
and  5,  plate  20,  I  show  the  two  surfaces  of  one  of  these  specimens. 
All  the  others  are  in  rather  bad  condition ;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  is  torn  away  almost  completely  and  the  arms  are  usually  in- 
complete excepting  in  the  individuals  from  station  5647,  in  which  the 
disk  is  at  least  25  mm.  in  diameter  and  the  arms  from  70  mm.  to  80 
mm.  long.  Those  from  station  5460  are  smaller,  the  diameter  of  their 
disks  varying  between  12  mm.  and  15  mm.,  and  the  arms  being  from 
54  mm.  to  60  mm.  long.  That  from  station  5505  is  still  smaller.  In 
spite  of  a  few  discrepancies  which  these  specimens  show  when  com- 
pared with  the  description  which  I  gave  in  1904  of  O.  assimilis, 
based  upon  individuals  collected  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Islands, 
to  which  I  shall  return  later,  I  feel  certain  that  they  all  belong  to  the 
same  species.  As  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga  were  more  or 


92  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

less  damaged,  I  believe  that  it  is  advisable  to  give  here  a  description 
of  those  from  station  5450,  which  are  in  an  excellent  state  of  preser- 
vation, and  then  to  compare  these  with  the  others. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  slightly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces, 
and  also  somewhat  deformed.  The  flat  dorsal  surface  is  covered  by  a 
very  thin  integument  on  which  may  be  made  out  under  the  micro- 
scope small,  extremely  thin,  and  imbricated  scales;  these  scales  are 
very  difficult  to  distinguish  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk,  but  they 
become  more  apparent  toward  the  periphery  and  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  radial  shields.  These  latter  are  very  evident,  and  through  their 
white  coloration  they  stand  out  in  strong  contrast  against  the  dark 
green  color  of  the  rest  of  the  disk ;  they  are  much  elongated,  biscuit- 
shaped,  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  extremities  strongly 
rounded.  For  more  than  half  their  surface  these  shields  are  covered 
by  the  general  integument  of  the  dorsal  surface  which  only  leaves 
exposed  a  part  of  their  distal  region  in  the  form  of  an  elongated 
triangular  area.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  widely  separated 
by  a  space  at  least  equal  to  twice  their  width. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered 
by  an  integument  which  is  somewhat  thicker  than  that  of  the  dorsal 
surface,  and  the  scales  which  overlie  it  are  thicker,  more  evident,  and 
somewhat  larger.  The  genital  slits  are  extremely  broad;  the  genital 
plates  are  narrow  and  elongated. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  triangular,  with  the  angles 
rounded;  their  distal  border  carries  in  the  middle  a  small  similarly 
rounded  lobe.  These  shields  are  broader  than  long  in  one  of  the  two 
specimens  from  station  5450,  and  in  the  other  they  are  almost  as 
broad  as  long,  forming  an  equilateral  triangle,  with  the  angles  less 
rounded  than  in  the  first.  The  adoral  plates  are  large,  very  tapering* 
inwardly,  but  in  contact  in  the  interradial  median  line,  much  broad- 
ened outwardly,  and  widely  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the 
first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  high  and  narrow,  three  times 
as  high  as  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  which  are  only  slightly 
developed,  are  small,  conical,  and  short,  numbering  five  or  six  on  each 
side,  and  forming  a  more  or  less  regular  row ;  there  are  in  addition 
one  or  two  tooth  papillae;  toward  the  other  extremity  of  the  jaws 
there  can  be  made  out  two  and  sometimes  three  small  papillae,  which 
are  very  low  and  conical,  situated  on  the  interradial  border  of  the 
mouth  tentacle  pore. 

The  first  upper  arm  plates,  which  continue  the  small  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  separating  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair,  are  small,  irregular,  and  arranged  in  several  rows  on  the  two 
first  arm  segments,  but  beyond  the  plates  become  larger  and  are  ar- 
ranged very  regularly.  They  are  quadrangular,  lozenge  shaped, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         93 

broader  than  long,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  which  is  only 
slightly  projecting,  and  the  four  sides  are  almost  equal.  The  proxi- 
mal angle  is  truncated  for  about  two-thirds  of  the  length  of  the 
arm,  becoming  sharp  in  the  last  third.  The  plates  are  then  as  long 
as  broad,  and  even,  in  the  terminal  portion  of  the  arms,  a  little 
longer  than  broad.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  quadrangular,  with  a  narrow  distal 
border,  a  broader  proximal  border,  and  diverging  sides ;  it  is  a  little 
broader  than  long.  The  following  plates  are  quadrangular,  with  a 
straight  proximal  border,  and  the  distal  border  slightly  notched  in 
the  middle;  the  sides  are  slightly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores. 
These  plates  are  at  first  as  long  as  broad,  then  becoming  longer  than 
broad  beyond  the  disk,  at  the  same  time  becoming  separated  by  a 
narrow  interval  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates;  toward  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  arms  they  are  at  -least  half  again  as  long  as  broad. 

The  side  arm  plates  bear  six  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and 
this  number  is  continued  for  a  considerable  distance.  The  first  ven- 
tral spine  exceeds  a  segment  and  a  half,  and  the  length  increases  to 
the  last  dorsal  spine  which  is  as  long  as  three  segments.  These  spines 
are  slender,  cylindrical,  pointed,  and  smooth. 

I  can  not  discover  the  least  trace  of  a  tentacle  scale  on  the  two 
specimens  from  station  5450,  which  are  in  good  condition;  but  on 
the  third,  in  which  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  torn  away,  a 
certain  number  of  the  pores  of  the  eight  or  nine  first  segments  are 
provided  with  a  small,  short,  spiniform  and  pointed  scale. 

The  color  of  the  disk  is  a  dark  green,  while  the  arms  are  white. 

The  two  specimens  from  station  5460  are  very  interesting,  because 
they  resemble  more  than  the  preceding  the  type  collected  by  the 
Siboga.  One  of  them,  which  I  have  shown  in  figures  1  and  3  on 
plate  20,  has  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  in  a  great  measure  torn 
away;  the  two  surfaces  of  the  disk  show  very  distinct  plates,  and 
furthermore  there  is  a  tentacle  scale  which  occurs  in  an  inconstant 
and  irregular  manner  as  far  as  the  pores  of  the  tenth  or  twelfth  pair. 
These  scales  are  very  small,  slender,  conical,  and  pointed,  and  they 
must  be  very  easily  lost.  The  mouth  shields  are  broader  than  in  the 
two  specimens  from  station  5450,  and  in  their  shape  they  strongly 
recall  that  of  the  Siboga  specimen,  with  a  small  lobe  on  the  middle  of 
their  distal  edge ;  the  proximal  angle  is  so  rounded  on  some  of  these 
shields  that  it  grades  into  the  lateral  borders,  and  the  shield  finally 
acquires  a  semicircular  shape.  The  upper  arm  plates  of  the  two  or 
three  first  segments  are  at  first  lozenge-shaped,  as  in  the  specimens 
from  station  5450 ;  they  then  rapidly  elongate,  and  become  triangular 
as  in  the  Siboga  specimen,  with  this  difference,  however,  that  they 
are  a  little  longer  than  broad,  while  in  the  latter  they  are  a  little 


94  BULLETIN  100,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

broader  than  long.  The  under  arm  plates  have  at  first  the  form 
which  I  showed  in  the  specimens  from  station  5450,  but  they  become 
relatively  longer,  and  toward  the  extremity  of  the  arms  they  are 
twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  arm  spines  are  five  in  number. 

To  sum  up,  the  only  important  difference  between  these  specimens 
and  the  two  in  good  condition  from  station  5450,  which,  however, 
is  a  difference  sufficiently  important  to  have  caused  me  at  first  to 
hesitate  over  their  determination,  is  the  presence  of  tentacle  scales 
on  some  of  the  segments  at  the  base  of  the  arm ;  but  I  have  been  able 
to  convince  myself  that  the  presence  of  these  scales  is  rather  in- 
constant. 

One  of  the  specimens  from  station  5460  had  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  completely  torn  away,  and  I  have  made  a  preparation  of 
it  to  show  the  characters  of  the  peristomial  plates;  these  are  repre- 
sented in  figure  6  on  plate  20.  These  plates,  two  in  number,  are 
large  and  broad,  each  in  the  form  of  a  right-angled  triangle,  a  little 
higher  than  broad,  with  the  proximal  border  slightly  concave  and 
the  distal  border  convex ;  the  base  of  the  triangle  corresponds  to  the 
median  interradial  line,  along  which  may  be  made  out  the  suture  be- 
tween the  two  adjacent  plates.  As  a  unit,  these  two  plates  recall 
the  structure  which  was  represented  by  Lyman  in  Ophiochoeta 
mixta,  but  in  this  species  the  two  plates  of  each  pair  always  remain 
distinct. 

The  individual  from  station  5505  is  in  very  bad  condition,  and 
the  dorsal  face  of  the  disk  is  completely  torn  away;  the  disk  must 
have  had  a  diameter  of  about  12  mm.;  the  arms  are  preserved  for 
a  considerable  length.  On  the  parts  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  which  are  preserved,  and  on  the  ventral  surface,  there  may  be 
made  out  an  investment  of  very  fine  imbricated  plates.  Each  of 
the  tentacle  pores  bears  a  small  scale  which  is  continued  almost 
throughout  the  length  of  the  arms,  but  which  is  sometimes  lacking, 
doubtless  on  account  of  having  been  torn  away.  The  mouth  shields 
are  relatively  large  (fig.  2). 

The  two  specimens  from  station  5647  also  have  the  disk  in  poor 
condition,  but  their  arms  are  mostly  complete  and  well  preserved; 
the  external  appearance  is  absolutely  identical  with  that  of  the  two 
specimens  from  station  5450,  and  like  these  latter  they  are  of  rather 
large  size;  in  one  the  diameter  of  the  disk  may  reach  25  mm.,  and 
in  the  other,  which  is  larger,  it  certainly  reaches  27  mm. ;  the  arms 
are  95  mm.  long.  Like  the  preceding  individuals,  these  two  speci- 
mens have  tentacle  scales  on  a  certain  number  of  the  arm  segments, 
but  here  these  scales  are  not  very  constant.  They  are  always  lack- 
ing on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair,  and  they  may  be  observed  from 
the  pores  of  the  second  pair  as  far  as  those  of  about  the  seventh  pair, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.         95 

though  with  some  irregularity;  they  are  always  lacking  beyond  the 
eighth  segment. 

Thus  the  tentacle  scales  may  be  completely  lacking  in  certain 
specimens,  and  in  others  may  be  'present  in  a  more  or  less  regular 
way  on  a  certain  number  of  segments,  especially  at  the  base  of  the 
arms;  a  specific  difference  therefore  can  not  be  based  on  this  char- 
acter, and  as  all  the  other  characters  conform  to  those  which  I  de- 
scribed in  1904  in  0.  assimilis,  I  believe  it  necessary  to  assign  the 
Albatross  specimens  to  the  same  species. 

As  for  the  distinction  which  I  have  believed  it  possible  to  estab- 
lish between  0 '.  assimilis  and  0.  coriacea  Lyman  from  the  Atlantic, 
I  believe  that  it  should  be  maintained.  The  Atlantic  species  has  the 
mouth  shields  smaller,  without  the  distal  lobe  which  I  find  con- 
stantly present  in  0.  assimilis,  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates  have 
a  different  shape,  and,  especially,  the  under  arm  plates  do  not  show 
that  median  notch  on  their  distal  border  which  seems  to  me  con- 
stantly to  occur  in  0.  assimilis. 

Ophiacantha  bartletti  Lyman  and  O.  paucispina  Liitken  and  Mor- 
tensen  should  also  be  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiotoma.  These  two 
species  have  spines  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  disk,  and  O.  paucis- 
pina possesses  a  very  small  tentacle  scale. 

Very  recently  H.  L.  Clark  has  united  O.  coriacea  Lyman  and 
0.  bartletti  ('15,  p.  217).  But  I  notice  that  the  form  of  the  under 
arm  plates  and  of  the  mouth  shields  as  described  and  figured  by 
Lyman  is  very  different  in  the  two  species.  I  am  therefore  much 
puzzled  by  the  synonymy  given  by  H.  L.  Clark,  who,  I  assume,  has 
been  able  to  examine  Lyman's  types.  The  figures  and  the  descrip- 
tions of  that  author  certainly  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  different 
forms  are  concerned;  the  armature  of  the  disk  and  the  shape  of  the 
mouth  shields  and  of  the  under  arm  plates  do  not  agree  at  all.  Are 
there  intermediate  forms  which  justify  the  synonymy  indicated  by 
H.  L.  Clark? 

OPHIOMEDEA  DISCREPANS,  new  species. 

Plate  26,  figs.  1-4. 

Locality.— Albatross  station  5359;  Jolo  Sea  (lat.  8°  12'  45"  N., 
long.  120°  37'  15"  E.) ;  4,161  meters  (2,275  fathoms)  ;  January  9, 
1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41196,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  unfortunately  not  in  a  good  state 
of  preservation,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  rather  badly 
damaged ;  furthermore,  the  disk  has  undergone  a  compression  which 
has  deformed  it  and  elongated  it  in  one  diameter.  The  arms  are 
almost  complete,  except  for  one  which  is  broken  off  at  the  junction 


96  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

with  the  disk.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.  by  6  mm.;  the 
arms  are  25  mm.  long. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  entirely  covered  with  rounded 
granules,  which  are  slightly  flattened  and  very  closely  crowded,  com- 
pletely covering  the  underlying  plates,  which  must  be  quite  invisi- 
ble in  the  undamaged  animal,  though  in  my  specimen  they  may  be 
distinguished  in  certain  regions  which  have  been  abraded;  they  are 
extremely  thin,  quite  transparent,  imbricated,  and  very  finely  stri- 
ated. The  radial  shields  are  quite  invisible.  The  granulation  is 
continued  with  the  same  characteristics  as  far  as  the  periphery  of 
the  disk,  and  it  passes  over  onto  the  ventral  surface  without  show- 
ing the  least  modification  toward  the  regions  which  correspond  to 
the  radial  shields.  These  granules  have  a  slightly  rugose  surface. 
They  are  continued  on  the  two  or  three  first  upper  arm  plates. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  uniformly  with  closely 
crowded  granules.  The  genital  slits  are  very  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  or  slightly 
longer  than  broad ;  they  are  pentagonal,  with  a  rather  open  proximal 
angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  and  two  slightly  excavated  lat- 
eral borders  passing  over  very  rounded  angles  to  form  the  distal  side, 
which  is  similarly  narrow  and  rounded.  On  two  of  the  mouth 
shields  I  notice  that  this  distal  border  bears  a  few  granules  identical 
with  those  on  the  ventral  surface.  The  adoral  plates  are  elongated 
and  narrow,  four  or  five  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  they  give  off 
outwardly  a  rather  broad  process  separating  the  mouth  shield  from 
the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  large  and  elongated. 
The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  about  ten  in  number;  they  are  in- 
serted on  the  oral  plates  and  are  arranged  somewhat  irregularly  in 
two  rows :  there  is  in  addition  a  group  of  a  few  tooth  papillae.  All 
these  papillae  are  small,  conical,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and  their 
surface  is  rugose.  In  addition  to  these  papillae,  I  find  usually  two 
others,  which  are  inserted  on  the  adoral  plate,  but  which  are  very 
elongated  and  spiniform,  and  beyond  these  still  another  short,  oval 
papilla  inserted  at  the  angle  between  the  adoral  plate  and  the  first 
under  arm  plate. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  rather  large,  triangular,  a  little  longer 
than  broad,  and  separated  by  an  interval  which  increases  rapidly. 
I  have  stated  above  that  the  first  plates  are  covered  with  granules 
identical  with  those  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

The  first  under  arm  plate,  which  is  of  medium  size,  is  broadened 
transversely ;  it  is  pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal 
angle  bounded  by  two  straight  or  slightly  excavated  sides,  two  some- 
what excavated  sides,  and  a  short  and  rounded  distal  border.  The 
following  plates  are  large,  longer  than  broad,  with  an  obtuse  proxi- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEPtS.         97 

mal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides  which  appear  only  toward 
the  third  or  fourth  plate;  the  two  sides  are  divergent  and  very 
strongly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores;  the  distal  border  is  very 
broad  and  convex.  These  plates  are  at  first  in  contact,  later  becom- 
ing separated  by  a  narrow  space. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  only  slightly,  bear  four  spines, 
which  are  subequal  and  a  little  longer  than  the  segment ;  their  length 
increases  somewhat  from  the  first  ventral  to  the  last  dorsal  (figs.  1 
and  4).  These  spines  are  flattened,  pointed,  and  appressed  against 
the  lateral  surfaces  of  the  arms;  their  surface  is  slightly  rugose. 
They  are  hollow,  and  their  wall  is  very  thin. 

The  first  arm  segments  bear  three  tentacle  scales,  two  very  large, 
oval  and  lanceolate,  inserted  on  the  side  arm  plate,  and  a  third, 
smaller,  which  arises  from  the  side  arm  plate  and  extends  perpen- 
dicularly to  the  axis  of  the  arm.  This  third  scale  disappears  beyond 
the  disk,  and  the  two  large  scales  alone  persist. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — I  established  the  genus  Opliio- 
medea  for  an  ophiuran  discovered  by  the  expeditions  of  the  Travail- 
leur  and  the  Talisman  in  the  North  Atlantic  at  a  depth  of  2,000 
meters  (1,100  fathoms),  in  which  the  outer  mouth  papilla,  borne  on 
the  adoral  plate,  is  considerably  elongated  and  spinif orm ;  the  tenta- 
cle pores  show,  in  addition  to  the  principal  scale  inserted  on  the  side 
arm  plate,  a  smaller  scale  inserted  on  the  under  arm  plate,  and  the 
disk  is  covered  with  imbricated  scales,  each  armed  with  a  spine.  The 
type  of  the  genus  Ophiomedea  is  0.  duplicata,  which  is  only  repre- 
sented by  a  unique  specimen  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does 
not  exceed  4  millimeters. 

Although  the  species  which  I  have  just  described  differ  in  some 
important  features  from  0.  duplicata,  I  believe  that  nevertheless  it 
may  be  assigned  to  the  same  genus.  The  differences  are,  the  presence 
of  two  spiniform  mouth  papillae  inserted  on  the  adoral  plate,  instead 
of  only  one,  the  existence  of  three  tentacle  scales  instead  of  two,  and 
the  presence  of  granules  instead  of  spines  covering  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk.  But  none  of  these  characters  is  sufficient  for  generic 
differentiation ;  the  presence  of  a  tentacle  scale  inserted  on  the  under 
arm  plate  and  the  occurrence  of  one  or  of  two  spiniform  external 
papillae  are  evidently  very  characteristic  features.  It  is  certainly 
regrettable  that  the  type  species  of  the  genus  Ophiomedea  should  be 
represented  by  a  single  specimen  of  very  small  size,  rendering  com- 
parisons very  difficult,  but  I  do  not  believe  I  am  in  error  in  assign- 
ing our  species  to  this  genus. 

Furthermore,  I  am  in  doubt  whether  the  genus  Ophiophrura,  estab- 
lished by  H.  L.  Clark  in  1911  for  a  Japanese  species,  also  represented 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 7 


98  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

by  a  unique  specimen,  should  not  be  united  with  the  genus  Ophio- 
medea. The  disk  is  uniformly  and  completely  covered  with  small 
imbricated  plates,  which  conceal  the  radial  shields,  but  which  bear 
neither  spines  nor  granules;  there  are  three  external  spiniform 
mouth  papillae,  and  the  tentacle  pores  are  furnished  at  first  with 
four  scales,  the  number  rapidly  falling  to  three;  these  scales  are 
short  and  spiniform ;  one  of  them  is  inserted  on  the  under  arm  plate, 
and  the  two  others  on  the  side  arm  plate ;  there  is  thus  n  very  great 
analogy  in  structure  between  Ophiophrura  liodisca  H.  L.  Clark  and 
the  other  species  which  I  assign  to  the  genus  Ophiomedea,  and  I 
believe  that  this  genus  might  without  inconvenience  include  all  three 
species.  It  is  interesting  to  observe  the  progressive  increase  in 
number  of  the  external  spiniform  mouth  papillae;  there  is  only  one 
in  Ophiomedea  duplicata,  two  in  0.  discrepans,  and  three  in  Ophi- 
ophr-ura  (Ophiomedea)  liodisca. 

OPHIOCOPA  SINGULARIS,  new  species. 

Plate  21,  figs.  4,  8,  9. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5173;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  N.  82°  E.,  12.51  kilometers  (6.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  6° 
02'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  53'  00"  E.)  ;  340  meters  (186  fathoms)  ; 
March  5,  1908;  Sh.,  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41283,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5348;  Point  Tabonan  bearing  S.  89°  E.,  33.5 
miles  distant  (lat.  10°  57'  45"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  15"  E.) ;  686  meters 
(375  fathoms) ;  co.  S.;  December  27,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41280,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  from  station  5348  is  in  good  condition. 
The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  8  mm.;  the  arms  are  incomplete,  but 
two  of  them  are  preserved  for  almost  their  entire  length  and  must 
have  been  about  25  mm.  long;  the  fifth  is  broken  off  at  its  origin 
on  the  disk.  The  other  is  in  rather  poor  condition ;  the  disk  is  torn 
into  two  unequal  fragments,  one  including  the  greater  part  with 
four  arms,  and  the  other  a  fragment  with  the  fifth  arm;  a  rather 
deep  groove  divides  the  dorsal  surface  into  two  almost  equal  halves. 
The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  about  15  mm. 
long. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  rather 
large  plates,  which  are  subequal  and  imbricated  and  which  show 
a  thin  transparent  border.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5173  a 
certain  number  of  these  plates  bear  each  a  rather  large  spherical 
globule  with  a  rugose  surface,  of  which  the  number  varies  from  one 
to  four  or  five  on  each  plate  and  which  are  not  all  preserved,  though 
the  scar  indicating  their  presence  on  the  surface  of  the  plates  may  be 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.        99 

easily  recognized.  All  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk 
are  not  provided  with  globules,  these  occurring  especially  on  either 
side  of  the  groove  which  divides  the  dorsal  surface  in  the  damaged 
specimen,  as  well  as  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  between  the 
radial  shields;  they  are  also  found  here  and  there  on  certain  plates 
(fig.  4).  In  the  specimen  from  station  5348  the  granules,  which  are 
few  in  number,  occur  only  on  the  periphery  of  the  disk  (fig.  9). 
The  medium-sized  radial  shields  are  triangular,  almost  as  broad 
as  long,  with  the  angles  much  rounded ;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair 
are  in  contact  throughout  almost  their  entire  length,  and  their  distal 
extremities  alone  are  separated.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5173 
the  two  shields  are  separated  from  each  other  over  a  somewhat 
greater  distance. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  areas  is  covered 
with  subequal.  imbricated  plates,  very  much  smaller  than  those  of 
the  dorsal  surface,  and  entirely  without  granules.  The  genital  slits 
are  narrow. 

The  medium-sized  mouth  shields  are  triangular,  a  little  broader 
than  long,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two 
straight  sides;  the  lateral  angles  are  rounded,  and  the  distal  border 
shows  in  the  middle  a  rather  broad  lobe  which  projects  into  the 
interradial  space.  The  adoral  plates  are  elongated  and  narrow, 
broader  without  than  within,  and  they  give  off  a  rather  thick  lobe, 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate. 
The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and  low.  The  mouth  papillae  number 
five  on  each  side ;  the  four  internal  are  conical  and  subequal,  although 
the  fifth,  or  external,  papilla  is  very  broad,  rectangular,  and  very 
much  broader  than  long.  The  terminal  unpaired  papilla  is  broad 
and  short,  rounded,  and  very  much  thicker  than  the  neighboring 
papillae. 

The  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular, 
half  again  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  distal  border  rounded ;  they  are 
separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  quadrangular  or  pentagonal,  with  a 
very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  straight  sides;  some- 
times this  angle  is  so  obtuse  that  it  disappears  completely ;  the  lateral 
borders  are  straight,  and  the  distal  edge  is  broad  and  somewhat 
rounded ;  this  plate  is  broader  than  long.  The  following  plates  are 
large,  pentagonal,  broader  than  long,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle, 
the  sides  excavated  by  the  tentacle  scale,  which  is  very  large,  and  a 
convex  distal  border.  These  plates  are  in  contact  for  almost  the 
whole  of  their  length  in  the  specimen  from  station  5348,  but  in  the 
other  they  are  separated  by  a  very  narrow  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  rather  projecting,  bear  six  spines, 
the  length  of  which  increases  from  the  first  ventral,  which  is  almost 


100  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

as  long  as  a  segment,  to  the  last  dorsal,  of  which  the  length  equals  two 
segments.  These  spines  are  flattened,  especially  the  ventral  spines; 
the  second  and  third  are  broadened  in  such  a  way  as  to  become  more 
or  less  spatulate,  though  they  are  markedly  less  broadened  than  in 
O.  spatula;  their  tip  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  spines  are  narrower  than 
those  preceding,  not  broadened,  and  their  extremity  is  pointed.  All 
these  spines  are  provided  with  very  fine  and  very  closely  placed 
asperities. 

The  tentacle  scales  are  two  in  number  on  the  pores  of  the  first 
pair,  but  single  on  all  the  following  pores;  these  scales  are  large, 
rounded,  and  a  little  longer  than  broad. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Up  to  the  present  time  the 
genus  Ophiocopa  was  only  known  from  a  single  species,  0.  spatula, 
dredged  by  the  Blake  in  150  fathoms  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.  This 
new  species  incontestably  belongs  to  the  same  genus  Ophiocopa,  and 
it  is  distinguished  from  0.  spatula  by  having  the  arm  spines  less 
broadened  and  less  strongly  spatulate  and  by  the  single  tentacle  scale 
beyond  the  pores  of  the  first  pair ;  the  external  mouth  papilla  seems 
to  me  also  a  little  more  broadened  than  in  the  Antillean  species.  The 
discovery  of  a  second  species  of  the  genus  Ophiocopa  in  the  Philip- 
pine Islands  is  very  interesting. 

OPHIOTHAMNUS  VENUSTUS  Matsumoto. 

Plate  23,  figs.  3,  4. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5619 ;  Molucca  Passage ;  Mareh  Island 
(S.)  bearing  S.  78°  E.  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35' 
00"  N.,  long.  127°  14'  40"  E.) ;  796  meters  (435  fathoms) ;  November 
27,  1909  ;fne.  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40934,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  not  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation,  and 
the  arms  are  incomplete;  furthermore,  the  size  is  very  small,  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  not  exceeding  2.5  mm.  The  disk  is  pentagonal, 
somewhat  depressed  in  the  center,  and  rather  strongly  notched  in  the 
interradial  spaces.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  small  imbri- 
cated plates  of  which  the  outlines  are  only  slightly  evident ;  each  of 
these  plates  carries  a  small  conical  club-spine,  which  is  pointed, 
rather  thick  at  the  base,  and  tapers  rapidly  to  its  extremity.  The 
radial  shields  are  rather  large,  triangular,  elongated,  twice  as  long 
as  broad,  in  contact  throughout  almost  their  whole  length  and  only 
separated  proximally  by  a  small  triangular  plate.  The  ventral  sur- 
face is  covered  with  rather  large  imbricated  plates,  which  carry  club 
spines  only  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  The  genital  slits  are 
narrow,  but  very  evident. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small,  triangular,  a  little  broader  than  long, 
with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and  straight  sides  which  pass  over 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     101 

rounded  angles  to  unite  in  a  distal  border  which  is  similarly  rounded. 
The  adoral  plates  are  very  large  and  broad,  especially  in  their  ex- 
ternal portion,  and  outwardly  they  extend  much  beyond  the  mouth 
shield  which  they  separate  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  triangular  and  rather  low.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are 
three  in  number ;  the  external  is  very  large,  quadrangular,  three  times 
as  broad  as  high,  and  has  the  form  which  I  have  described  in  the 
genus  Ophioleda;  the  two  others  are  narrow,  conical,  and  pointed; 
the  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  thick,  conical,  and  rather  large. 

The  arms  are  moniliform  and  made  up  of  relatively  much  elongated 
segments.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  triangular,  elevated,  almost 
as  broad  as  long,  with  a  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight 
sides  and  a  very  convex  distal  border.  They  are  widely  separated 
beyond  the  first. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  pentagonal,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and  straight  sides;  it  is  widely 
separated  from  the  second.  The  following  plates  are  small,  penta- 
onal,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle,  straight  sides,  and  a  slightly 
rounded  distal  border  a  little  depressed  in  the  middle.  These  plates 
are  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and  are  broadly  separated  from  each 
other. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  strongly,  bear  at  the  base  of  the 
arms  six  rather  long,  slender,  pointed,  and  finely  denticulated  spines; 
the  first  ventral  spine  is  shorter  than  the  segment,  and  the  last  dorsal 
exceeds  a  segment  and  a  half.  On  the  two  or  three  first  segments 
the  lateral  rows  of  spines  come  very  close  together  in  the  dorsal 
median  line  of  the  arm. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  large,  elongated,  rather  narrow,  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  with  the  tip  obtuse. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  white. 

I  had  already  drawn  up  the  description  of  this  species  and  as- 
sembled the  photographs  on  plate  23  when  I  received  Matsumoto's 
first  memoir — that  of  1915.  As  that  naturalist  had  not,  strictly 
speaking,  given  any  description  of  0.  venustus,  but  had  only  de- 
termined the  differences  which  separate  it  from  Ophiothamnus 
(Ophiomitra)  hdbrotatus  (H.  L.  Clark),  I  believed  it  worth  while 
to  give  here  a  description  and  two  photographs  of  the  specimens 
collected  by  the  Albatross.  Matsumoto's  final  memoir,  which  ap- 
peared in  1917,  included  a  detailed  description  and  figures  of  O. 
venmtus  ('17,  p.  126,  fig.  32).  Not  being  able  at  this  time  to  alter 
my  plates,  I  have  allowed  the  explanation  accompanying  my  photo- 
graphs to  stand.  It  may  also  be  useful  to  compare  the  Albatross 
specimen  with  Matsumoto's  type,  in  spite  of  its  smaller  size. 

I  will  add  some  notes  on  the  subject  of  the  genus  Ophiothamnus. 
Matsumoto  has  the  great  credit  of  dissipating  the  doubts  which 


102  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

have  arisen  in  regard  to  this  genus  by  showing  that  various  species 
recently  assigned  to  Ophiothamnus  do  not  possess  the  characters  of 
that  genus  at  all,  while  others,  assigned  to  different  genera,  must  be 
considered  as  true  species  of  Ophiothamnus. 
He  places  in  this  genus  the  following  species : 

Ophiothamnus  vicarius  Lyman. 
Ophiothamnus  affinis  Ljungman. 
Ophiothamnus  remotus  Lyman. 
Ophioleda  minima  Kcehler. 
Opliiomitra  habrotata  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiothamnus  venustus  Matsumoto. 

The  other  species  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiothamnus  are  placed 
by  Matsumoto  in  the  new  genus  Ophiurothamnus,  which  is  repre- 
sented in  the  Albatross  collection  by  two  species,  which  I  shall  con- 
sider shortly. 

From  the  enumeration  of  the  species  given  above  it  is  seen  that 
Matsumoto  places  in  the  genus  Ophiothamnus,  Ophioleda  minima, 
which  I  had  at  first  placed  in  the  genus  Ophioplinthaca,  and  for 
which  I  had  later  believed  it  necessary  to  create  the  genus  Ophioleda. 
According  to  Matsumoto,  Ophioleda  is  a  synonym  of  Ophiothamnus. 
As  the  learned  Japanese  naturalist  has  given  some  notes  on  the 
internal  structure  of  this  last  genus,  I  wished  to  compare  with  it 
the  structure  of  Ophioleda  minima.  Unfortunately,  because  of  its 
small  dimensions,  and  especially  because  of  the  small  number  of  in- 
dividuals which  I  have  at  my  disposal,  it  has  not  been  possble  for 
me  to  obtain  a  sufficient  number  of  preparations  to  allow  me  to  de- 
cide whether  the  genus  Ophioleda  should  be  retained  or  should  be 
considered  as  a  synonym  of  the  genus  Ophiothamnus.  I  therefore 
provisionally  leave  the  question  open,  regarding  as  very  plausible 
the  union  proposed  by  Matsumoto. 

Genus  OPHIUROTHAMNUS  Matsumoto. 

Notes. — Speaking  of  the  genus  Ophiothamnus,  Matsumoto  ('15, 
p.  63)  remarked,  as  I  have  stated  above,  that  certain  species  assigned 
to  this  genus  did  not  accord  entirely  with  Lyman's  conception  of  it, 
or  with  the  type  that  he  had  chosen.  He  notes  especially  Ophio- 
thamnus exiguus  (Lyman),  O.  laevis  Liitken  and  Mortensen,  and  O. 
stultus  Kcehler  as  species  which  should  not  have  been  assigned  to 
Ophiothamnus.  I  have  profited  by  the  opportunity  which  I  have  had 
to  study  again  a  specimen  of  Ophiothamnus  stultus  with  a  view  to 
determining  the  question,  and  I  have  arrived  at  this  conclusion,  con- 
formable with  Matsumoto's  view,  that  it  is  necessary  to  create,  in 
addition  to  the  genus  Ophiomitrella,  a  new  genus  in  which  Ophio- 
thamnus stultus  Kcehler  and  Ophiomitra  dicycla  H.  L.  Clark,  as 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      103 

well  as  a  new  species  which  I  shall  describe  below,  may  find  a  place. 
This  genus  will  have  the  following  characters : 

Ophiacanthidae  near  the  genus  Ophiomitrella,  from  which  they 
differ  in  the  small  number  of  plates  covering  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk;  these  plates  are  in  compensation  rather  large,  and  they  are 
sometimes  enough  developed  to  attain  a  size  nearly  equal  to  that  of 
the  radial  shields;  these  latter  are  also  rather  large,  and  the  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact  throughout  their  entire  length; 
besides  these  plates  there  occurs  on  the  periphery  of  the  disk  a  very 
well- developed  plate  occupying  the  whole  interradial  space,  or  at 
least  the  greater  part  of  this  space,  between  the  pairs  of  radial 
shields;  this  plate  passes  over  to  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk, 
which  it  in  a  very  large  part  covers,  the  remainder  of  this  surface 
being  occupied  by  a  very  small  number  of  plates.  The  outermost 
mouth  papilla  is  more  developed  than  the  others,  and  is  ordinarily 
much  broadened ;  the  others,  few  in  number,  form  a  regular  series  to 
which  is  added  a  terminal  unpaired  papilla.  The  adoral  plates,  which 
are  very  broad  and  rather  short,  do  not  separate  the  mouth  shield 
from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  arms  are  more  or  less  moniliform, 
slender,  and  elongated ;  the  under  arm  plates  occupy  the  whole  width 
of  their  ventral  surface,  and  they  are  separated  very  widely  by  the 
side  arm  plates,  as  are  also  the  upper  arm  plates.  The  arm  spines  are 
much  elongated  on  the  first  segments,  and  the  two  lateral  rows  come 
very  close  together  in  the  dorsal  median  line.  There  is  a  single 
tentacle  scale. 

I  can  not  say  anything  in  regard  to  the  internal  structure,  having 
had  at  my  disposal  only  a  single  specimen  of  0.  stultus,  and  a  single 
adult  of  the  new  species,  which  I  assign  to  the  same  genus. 

Some  years  before  the  publication  of  Matsumoto's  final  memoir, 
which  appeared  in  1917,  I  had  applied  a  name  to  this  genus,  which 
I  considered  as  new ;  since  I  have  studied  this  memoir  I  have  become 
aware  that  the  genus  Ophiurothamnus,  created  by  Matsumoto,  exactly 
corresponds  to  my  new  genus.  I  hasten,  therefore,  since  I  am  still 
able  to  do  it,  to  replace  the  name  which  I  had  chosen  by  Ophiuro- 
thamnus,  which  the  Japanese  naturalist  proposes.  If  the  characters 
which  I  assign  to  my  genus,  and  which  I  have  not  modified,  are 
compared  with  those  which  Matsumoto  has  given  for  the  genus 
Opkiurothamnus,  it  will  be  seen  that  they  are  perfectly  in  accord, 
excepting  only  concerning  the  transformation  of  the  ventral  spine 
into  a  hook  in  the  distal  portion  of  the  arms,  which  Matsumoto  indi- 
cates as  being  characteristic  of  the  new  genus;  but  this  occurs  only 
in  one  of  the  four  species  assigned  by  Matsumoto  to  the  genus 
Ophiurothamnus — OpMothamnus  laevis  Liitken  and  Mortensen.  I 
may  state  in  the  most  explicit  way  that  the  first  ventral  spine  retains 


104  BULLETIN  100,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  same  form  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  arm  in  O.  stultus, 
which  I  described  in  1904  ('04,  p.  141) .  The  description  of  0.  dicyclus, 
published  by  H.  L.  Clark  (11,  p.  181),  makes  no  mention  of  this 
modification,  and  neither  Lyman  nor  Verrill  have  made  any  allusion 
to  it  in  speaking  of  O.  exiguus.  I  shall  describe  further  on  a  new 
ophiuran  collected  by  the  Albatross,  which  I  assign  to  the  genus 
Ophiurothamnus — O.  excavatus — and  in  this,  as  in  O.  stultus,  I  do 
not  observe  the  least  tendency  for  the  first  ventral  spine  to  become 
transformed  into  a  hook  in  the  terminal  part  of  the  arm  (see  pi.  22, 
figs.  4,  6). 

Ophiothamnus  laeiris  thus  differs  from  the  other  species  now  in- 
cluded in  the  genus  Ophiurothamnus  by  this  transformation  of  the 
first  ventral  spine  into  a  hook  in  the  distal  region  of  the  arms,  which 
was  described  by  Liitken  and  Mortensen.  Is  this  character  suffi- 
cient to  make  it  necessary  to  take  this  species  out  of  the  genus 
Ophiurothamnus  and  to  place  it  in  another  genus?  I  do  not  think 
so,  more  especially  since  the  transformation  into  a  hook,  so  far  as 
can  be  judged  by  Liitken  and  Mortensen's  figure  ('99,  pi.  19,  fig.  4) 
is  not  very  marked;  there  is  not  a  true  compound  hook  here,  like 
that  which  we  have  seen  appear  in  Ophiotreta  rtiatura  and  Ophien- 
trema  leucostictum,  and  which  recalls  that  of  the  species  of  Ophio- 
thrix'  the  modification  is  especially  produced  by  the  irregular  and 
unequal  denticulations  which  are  developed  on  one  of  the  borders 
of  the  ventral  spine,  in  combination  with  a  curvature  of  the  tip. 

But,  however  that  may  be,  it  seems  to  me  indispensable  to  remove 
from  the  diagnosis  of  the  genus  Ophiurothamnus  established  by 
Matsumoto  the  phrase  relative  to  the  transformation  of  the  first 
ventral  spine  into  a  hook,  the  more  so  as  it  only  refers,  as  I  have 
just  said,  to  a  sort  of  imitation  hook.  To  the  four  species  which 
Matsumoto  has  already  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiurothamnus — O. 
dicylus  (H.  L.  Clark)  (genotype),  O.  exiguus  (Verrill),  0.  stultus 
(Ko3hler),  and  perhaps  0.  laevis  (Liitken  and  Mortensen) — there 
must  be  added  the  new  species  which  I  am  describing  below,  and  to 
which  I  propose  to  give  the  name  of  O.  excavatus. 

OPHIUROTHAMNUS  STULTUS  (Kcehler). 
Plate  22,  figs.  1-4. 

Ophiothamnus  stultus  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  141,  pi.  25,  figs.  9,  10;  pi.  26,  fig.  1.— 

H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  209. 
Ophitirothamnus  stultus  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  130. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5660;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa,  bear- 
ing S.  88°  W.,  37.99  kilometers  (20.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  36'  30" 
S.,  long.  120°  49'  00"  E.)  ;  1,266  meters  (692  fathoms) ;  December 
20,  1909  ;gy.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41194,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      105 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  measures  4.5  mm. ;  the  arms  are 
about  25  mm.  long. 

The  individual  agrees  well  with  the  description  which  I  gave  in 
1904.  For  comparison  with  the  following  species,  I  am  inserting 
here  four  photographs  of  this  specimen  (pi.  22,  tigs.  1-4.) 

OPHIUROTHAMNUS  EXCAVATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  22,  figs.  5-8. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5428;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity; 
30th  of  June  Island  bearing  N.  62°  W.,  36.14  kilometers  (19.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  13'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  51'  15"  E.)  ;  2,021  meters 
(1,105  fathoms) ;  April  3,  1909;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41195,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — In  the  larger  specimen,  which  I  have  taken  as  the 
type,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5.5  mm.;  the  arms  are  incomplete, 
broken  off  at  15  mm.  from  the  base;  they  must  have  been  about  25 
mm.  long ;  in  the  second  specimen,  which  is  much  smaller,  the  diame- 
ter of  the  disk  is  only  3.5  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  but  in  both  specimens  the  dorsal  surface  is 
strongly  depressed  and  forms  a  sort  of  rather  deep  cup  delimited 
by  a  sharp  border;  the  ventral  surface  is  very  convex. 

The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  plates  which  are  rather  large, 
especially  in  the  central  region,  becoming  smaller  and  also  very  un- 
equal on  the  rest  of  the  disk;  they  are  somewhat  imbricated.  There 
may  be  distinguished  a  large  rounded  dorsocentral  plate,  and  beyond 
it  four  smaller  primary  radial  plates  which  are  transversely  broad- 
ened and  separated  from  the  dorsocentral  by  a  very  narrow  space. 
The  remaining  plates  are  very  much  smaller.  In  the  radial  areas 
following  the  primary  radials  there  are  two  plates  arranged  tandem, 
of  which  the  more  distal  separates  the  proximal  ends  of  the  two 
radial  shields  of  each  pair.  In  the  interradial  areas  the  plates  are 
irregularly  arranged  in  three  rows,  and  the  border  of  the  disk  is 
delimited  by  three  rectangular  plates,  all  having  about  the  same 
dimensions.  Following  these  three  plates  there  is  another  very  large 
plate  which  occupies  almost  all  of  the  interradial  space  on  the  lateral 
surface  of  the  disk,  which  is  almost  vertical  (fig.  5) ;  this  plate  ex- 
tends over  the  ventral  surface  between  the  genital  slits  as  far  as  a 
given  distance  from  the  mouth  shields.  The  radial  shields  are 
rather  small,  smaller  than  the  dorsocentral,  scarcely  longer  than 
broad,  and  irregularly  triangular,  with  a  rounded  proximal  angle. 
The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact  throughout  almost  their 
whole  length,  and  are  separated  inwardly  by  the  plate  which  I  have 
noted  above.  Some  of  the  plates  of  the  central  region,  about  10  in 
all,  carry  a  short,  thick,  blunted  spine,  of  which  the  surface  is  cov- 
ered with  fine  asperities  which  elongate  somewhat  at  the  tip.  Other 


106  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

similar  spines,  more  closely  crowded  and  more  numerous,  are  found 
at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  where  they  form  a  rather  regular  bor- 
der. In  view  of  the  small  height  of  these  spines,  they  might  quite  as 
well  be  given  the  name  of  elongated  granules. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  runs  very 
obliquely  downward  because  of  the  strong  convexity  of  that  surface. 
It  is  covered  for  the  greater  part  of  its  area  by  the  large  plate  which 
I  have  noticed  above.  Following  this  come  two  rectangular  trans- 
versely broadened  plates,  in  contact  in  the  interradial  median  line, 
and  separated  from  the  mouth  shield  by  two  or  three  very  much 
smaller  plates  placed  on  each  side  of  the  distal  lobe  of  these  shields 
within  the  ends  of  the  genital  slits.  These  latter  are  rather  large, 
very  evident,  and  are  continued  for  more  than  half  the  height  of 
the  large  interradial  plate.  They  are  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  nar- 
row plate  which  throughout  its  entire  length  carries  extremely  fine 
and  very  closely  crowded  teeth  which  are  especially  evident  under 
the  microscope. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  triangular  or  lozenge-shaped, 
much  broader  than  long,  with  a  very  open  proximal  angle  bordered 
by  two  concave  sides,  and  a  convex  distal  border  showing  a  more  or 
less  marked  rounded  lobe  in  the  middle.  The  adoral  plates  are 
large  and  broad,  with  the  long  borders  parallel,  two  and  a  half  times 
as  long  as  broad.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  rather  low,  broader 
than  high.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  three  in  number ;  the  out- 
ermost is  very  large,  rounded,  and  squamiform;  the  two  others  are 
slender,  elongated,  and  conical.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is 
very  broad  and  thick,  and  its  free  border  is  usually  excavated  in 
such  a  way  that  the  papilla  ends  in  two  blunted  points. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  very  large,  triangular,  very  much 
broader  than  long,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  very  con- 
vex distal  side ;  their  surface  is  also  very  convex.  These  plates  are 
widely  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arm  outward  by  an  interval 
which  quickly  becomes  greater  than  their  own  length. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  large,  trapezoidal,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  the  proximal  border  longer  than  the  distal.  The  follow- 
ing plates  are  very  large  and  occupy  the  whole  width  of  the  ventral 
surface  of  the  arms ;  they  are  very  much  broader  than  long,  pentag- 
onal, with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  straight 
sides,  two  straight  lateral  borders,  and  a  slightly  convex  distal  side. 
They  are  separated  by  a  space,  which,  from  the  third  arm  segment 
outward,  is  greater  than  their  own  length. 

The  very  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  at  the  base 
of  the  arms  five  arm  spines ;  the  dorsal  spines  on  each  side  come  very 
close  together  in  the  median  dorsal  line  on  the  first  segment  without, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      107 

however,  forming  a  continuous  row.  The  length  of  the  first  ventral 
spine  equals  that  of  the  segment,  and  this  length  increases  only  very 
slightly  to  the  last  dorsal  spine,  which  does  not  exceed  a  segment 
and  a  half.  These  spines  are  thick  and  strong  with  a  very  rugose 
surface  sometimes  even  showing  small  irregular  and  rather-  well 
spaced  denticulations.  As  in  0.  stultus  the  first  ventral  spine  re- 
tains the  same  character  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  arms 
and  does  not  show  the  least  tendency  to  become  transformed  into  a 
hook  in  their  distal  portion  (fig.  6). 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small  and  short,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
with  the  tip  rounded. 

The  color  of  the  two  specimens  in  alcohol  is  white. 

A-ffinities  and  distinctive  features. — 0  phiurothamnus  excavatus 
falls  perfectly  well  within  the  genus  Ophiurothamnus,  with  O.  stul- 
tus; it  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  the  very  large  and 
very  short  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  and  by  the 
similarly  rather  short  and  thick  arm  spines.  The  strong  depression 
of  the  dorsal  surface,  corresponding  to  which  is  the  very  convex  form 
of  the  ventral  surface,  is  seen  in  both  the  specimens  at  hand ;  it  may 
be  asked  whether  this  feature  occurs  in  the  living  animal,  or  whether 
it  is  due  simply  to  the  action  of  the  alcohol. 

OPHIOMITRA  DIVES,  new  species. 

Plate  10,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  94,  fig.  2. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5543;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  75°  W., 
23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  47'  15"  N.,  long.  123° 
35'  00"  E.) ;  296  meters  (162  fathoms) ;  August  20,  1909;  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  22,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  two  individuals  are  in  a  very  good  state  of 
preservation,  and  the  larger  is  quite  complete.  The  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  17  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  about  110  mm.  long;  the  arms  are 
rather  thick,  provided  with  strong  spines,  and  the  habitus  of  the  ani- 
mal is  very  robust.  The  second  specimen  is  a  little  smaller,  and  its 
disk  is  only  15  mm.  in  diameter. 

The  disk  is  rounded  and  thick;  the  dorsal  surface  is  gently  de- 
pressed in  the  middle,  while  the  ventral  surface  is  a  little  convex; 
the  borders  are  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  between  the  large 
radial  shields  is  covered  with  small,  imbricated  plates  becoming  a 
little  larger  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  in  the  interradial  spaces  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial  shields.  In  the  interradial  spaces,  there 
may  be  counted  four  or  five  series  of  plates ;  in  the  radial  spaces  be- 
tween the  two  shields  of  each  pair  there  is  found  only  a  single  series 
of  narrow  plates,  and  sometimes  these  plates  do  not  reach  the  periph- 
ery of  the  disk.  Each  plate  carries  a  large  rounded  granule,  which, 


108  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

in  the  central  region  of  the  disk,  covers  almost  the  whole  surface  of 
the  plate.  These  granules  appear  smooth  to  the  naked  eye,  but  under 
the  microscope  they  are  seen  to  be  furnished  with  very  fine  small 
teeth  (pi.  94,  fig.  2) ;  they  are  continued  with  the  same  characters  as 
far  as  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  between  the  radial  shields. 
These  last  are  large,  triangular,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as 
broad,  and  their  length  almost  equals  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 
The  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  slightly  divergent  and  are 
separated  by  a  single  range  of  narrow  plates ;  sometimes  they  are  in 
contact  outwardly,  and  sometimes  they  are  separated  by  a  small 
interval  occupied  by  a  single  plate. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rather  small,  irreg- 
ularly polygonal  and  slightly  imbricated  plates,  on  which  I  only  find 
in  very  exceptional  cases  granules  similar  to  those  of  the  dorsal 
surface.  The  genital  slits  are  very  broad  and  extend  from  the 
mouth  shield  to  the  periphery  of  the  disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  a 
rather  obtuse  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides;  the 
two  other  sides  are  slightly  excavated,  and  they  pass  over  two  very 
rounded  angles  to  form  the  distal  border,  which  is  similarly  rounded 
and  smaller  than  the  four  other  almost  equal  sides.  The  adoral 
plates  are  extremely  broad,  a  little  broader  without  than  within,  and 
their  length  does  not  very  much  exceed  their  width ;  their  four  sides 
are  straight,  and  they  are  in  contact  with  each  other  throughout  their 
entire  width  in  the  interradial  median  line.  The  oral  plates  are 
rather  large,  triangular,  higher  than  broad.  The  lateral  mouth 
papillae,  three  in  number,  are  irregularly  arranged;  they  are  rather 
broadened,  squamiform  and  rounded;  their  dimensions  diminish 
slightly  from  the  outermost  to  the  innermost.  In  addition  there  is 
a  group  of  three  or  four  tooth  papillae  which  are  more  elongated 
and  conical,  with  the  point  blunted. 

The  arms  themselves  are  not  very  large,  and  their  width  scarcely 
exceeds  3  mm.  even  at  the  base,  but  the  arm  spines,  which  are  very 
long  and  stout,  help  to  give  them  a  general  appearance  of  extensive 
development,  the  more  so  since  the  arm  segments  are  rather  short. 
The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  triangular,  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
«vith  an  acute  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  a 
slightly  convex  distal  border,  and  sharp  lateral  angles;  they  are 
separated  from  the  base  of  the  arm  outward  by  a  space  almost  equal 
to  half  their  length  which  is  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  triangular,  broader  than 
long,  with  a  broadened  proximal  border  and  a  rather  open  and 
rounded  distal  angle.  The  following  plates,  which  are  of  medium 
size,  are  rectangular,  broader  than  long,  with  a  straight  and  rather 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      109 

narrow  proximal  border,  diverging  sides  very  strongly  excavated  by 
the  tentacle  scale,  and  a  very  broad  and  convex  distal  border ;  this  last 
passes  over  into  the  sides  by  very  prominent  rounded  angles,  almost 
as  broad  as  the  tentacle  scales  of  which  they  simulate  the  outline  in 
such  a  way  that  in  a  superficial  examination  of  the  arms  one  might 
believe  that  two  successive  tentacle  scales  are  present.  The  second 
plate  is  in  contact  with  the  first,  but  beyond  this  these  plates  are 
separated  by  a  space  which  is  occupied  only  on  the  sides  by  the  side 
arm  plates,  the  middle  being  filled  with  soft  tissue.  The  side  arm 
plates  show  a  much  elevated  ridge,  which,  at  the  base  of  the  arms, 
carries  nine  spines,  this  figure  falling  to  eight  and  then  to  seven. 
These  spines  are  cylindrical,  rather  stout,  with  the  extremity  obtuse 
and  rounded ;  their  length  increases  from  the  first  ventral,  which  is 
almost  as  long  as  two  segments,  to  the  antepenultimate,  which  is 
almost  equal  to  four  segments ;  the  last  spine  is  usually  a  little  shorter. 
Their  surface  is  rugose,  and  under  the  microscope  very  fine  and  very 
closely  crowded  asperities  may  be  made  out,  which  become  more 
marked  toward  the  extremity  of  the  spine.  The  two  lateral  rows  of 
spines  come  very  close  together  in  the  dorsal  median  line,  but  they  are 
not,  however,  continuous  with  each  other,  remaining  separated  by  the 
proximal  angle  of  the  upper  arm  plates.  These  spines  are  solid. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  single,  except  on  the  first  segment,  on  which 
the  pores  have  two  scales,  the  external  a  little  the  smaller ;  it  is  not 
very  large,  and  is  oval  in  form,  a  little  longer  than  broad. 

The  general  color  of  the  specimen  is  light  red;  the  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  with  their  granules  are  darker.  The  radial 
shields  are  irregularly  bordered  with  dark  gray ;  a  straight  line,  also 
dark  gray,  extends  along  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms 
throughout  their  entire  length.  The  two  surfaces  of  the  arms  as  well 
as  the  spines  are  light  red,  becoming  a  little  darker  in  the  terminal 
part.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  roseate,  darker  in  the  in- 
terradial  spaces. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — It  seems  to  me  that  this 
ophiuran  must  be  placed  in  the  genus  Ophiomitra  in  the  restricted 
sense  as  adopted  by  Verrill,  because  of  the  presence  of  tooth  papillae 
and  the  solid  spines,  but  it  differs  notably  from  several  species  as- 
signed to  that  genus,  and  also  to  related  genera  in  its  very  robust 
structure,  in  the  considerable  development  of  the  spines,  in  the  form 
of  the  under  arm  plates,  and  in  its  coloration,  which  gives  it  an  ap- 
pearance recalling  that  of  an  Ophiothrix.  It  shows  some  resemblance 
to  the  species  described  under  the  name  of  Ophiomitra  spinosisslma 
by  H.  L.  Clark,  which  comes  from  Porto  Rico,  but  this  last  is  not  an 
Ophiomitra  in  Verrill's  sense,  and  it  seems  to  me  rather  to  represent 
the  type  of  a  special  genus. 


110  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIOMITRELLA  EXILIS,  new  species. 

Plate  22,  figs.  9,  10. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5637:  Bouro  Island  (S.)  and  vicinity; 
Amblau  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  80°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles) 
distant  (lat.  3°  53'  20"  S.,  long.  126°  48'  00"  E.) ;  1,280  meters 
(TOO  fathoms) ;  December  10,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40949,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm.,  and 
the  arms  are  about  15  mm.  long ;  three  of  them  are  incomplete ;  they 
are  very  narrow,  moniliform,  and  somewhat  contorted. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  but  rather  strongly  excavated  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  very  numerous 
plates,  which  are  small,  closely  crowded,  imbricated  and  subequal, 
smallest  in  the  central  region  and  becoming  a  little  larger  toward  the 
periphery.  These  plates  carry  very  small,  short  cylindrical  club- 
spines,  which  are  as  long  as  broad,  each  terminated  by  a  crown  of 
half  a  dozen  fine  and  elongated  spinules.  These  club  spines  are  lack- 
ing on  a  rather  large  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  disk,  but  they  have 
certainly  been  rubbed  off.  The  radial  shields  are  small,  triangular, 
with  a  proximal  apex;  they  are  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  their 
length  does  not  even  reach  a  quarter  of  the  radius  of  the  disk ;  the  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  widely  separated  by  a  space  which  is  almost 
equal  to  the  width  of  the  arm. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered 
with  small,  imbricated  and  equal  plates,  provided  with  club-spines 
identical  with  those  of  the  dorsal  surface,  but  on  which  the  terminal 
spinules  are  shorter;  these  club-spines  are  continued  to  the  vicinity 
of  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow,  but  very  distinct. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  triangular,  with  a  sharp  and 
somewhat  produced  proximal  angle,  bounded  by  two  slightly  concave 
sides  which  pass  over  rounded  angles  and  unite  to  form  the  convex 
distal  border ;  they  are  a  little  broader  than  long.  The  adoral  plates 
are  rather  narrow,  elongated,  at  least  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  and 
they  give  off  outwardly  a  narrow  process  which  separates  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate ;  their  internal  border  is  strongly 
notched  by  the  large  external  mouth  papilla.  The  oral  plates  are 
triangular,  and  higher  than  broad.  The  mouth  papillae  are  four  in 
number  on  each  side.  The  external  papilla,  borne  by  the  adoral  plate, 
is  very  broad  at  the  base,  but  pointed  and  conical ;  the  second  is  also 
rather  large  and  of  a  form  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  smaller ;  the 
two  others  are  narrow  and  pointed.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla 
is  stouter  than  the  others ;  it  is  similarly  conical  and  pointed. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  triangular,  and  very  convex ;  they 
show  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  border.  They 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      Ill 

are  a  little  broader  than  long  and  are  separated  from  the  base  of  the 
arm  outAvard  by  an  interval  which  at  first  is  equal  to  their  length  and 
becomes  progressively  elongated. 

The  first  under  arm  plate,  which  is  of  medium  size,  is  triangular, 
with  a  rounded  proximal  angle.  The  following  plates  are  large,:pen- 
tagonal,  very  much  broader  than  long,  and  they  occupy  the  whole 
width  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms.  They  have  a  very  obtuse 
proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  two  diverging  and 
straight  lateral  borders,  and  a  slightly  rounded  distal  border;  these 
plates  are  widely  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arms  outward. 

The  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  eight  spines  at  the 
base  of  the  arms,  but  this  figure  diminishes  very  rapidly;  the  first 
ventral  spine  is  shorter  than  the  segment,  and  the  length  thence  in- 
creases progressively  to  the  last  dorsal  spine,  which  may  be  as  long 
as  three  segments,  but  the  relative  length  of  this  spine  diminishes 
rapidly.  These  spines  are  slender  and  pointed,  and  provided  with 
rather  well-separated  fine  denticulations.  On  the  first  arm  segment 
the  two  lateral  series  of  spines  come  very  close  together  in  the  median 
dorsal  line  and  are  continuous  with  each  other. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  large,  oval,  and  broadened  on  the  pores 
of  the  first  pair ;  it  becomes  progressively  narrower  and  elongated  on 
the  following  segments,  though  still  remaining  oval,  and  finally  be- 
comes spiniform  and  pointed. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  arrangement  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk  and  their  armature  recalls  Ophiomitra  polyacantka 
H.  L.  Clark,  but  the  radial  shields  of  0.  exilis  are  very  much  smaller 
and  more  separated,  the  tentacle  scale  is  smaller,  the  arm  spines  are 
less  numerous,  and  the  mouth  pieces  show  a  very  different  arrange- 
ment. Ophiomitra  exilis  also  recalls  O.  moniliformis  Kcehler,  but  in 
this  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  bear  rounded  and  smooth  granules, 
the  mouth  shields  are  almost  as  long  as  broad,  the  outermost  mouth 
papilla  is  not  especially  broadened,  and  the  arm  spines  are  less 
numerous. 

OPIIIOMITRELLA  SAGITTATA,  new  species. 

Plate  27,  figs.  1-4,  9 ;  plate  95,  fig.  4. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5621;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan 
Islands;  Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  54°  W.  5.56  kilometers  (3 
miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  15'  00"  N.,  long.  127°  24'  35"  E.) ;  545  meters 
(298  fathoms)  ;  November  28,  1909;  gy.  and  bk.  (m.  b.). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41009,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5623;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  88°  W.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  16'  30"  N.?  long.  127°  30'  00"  E.) ;  497  meters  (272 
fathoms)  ;  November  29,  1909;  fne.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41010,  U.S.N.M.). 


112  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5629;  Patiente  Strait  and  southward;  Doworra 
Island  (S.)  bearing  62°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  50'  00"  S.,  long.  128°  12'  00"  E.)  ;  374  meters  (205  fathoms)  ; 
December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  41008,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — In  the  largest  specimen,  which  is  one  of  those  from 
station  5629,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.;  three  entire  arms 
remain  attached  to  the  disk ;  they  are  rather  strongly  contorted,  and 
their  exact  length  is  difficult  to  estimate ;  they  must  be  about  35  mm. 
long;  these  arms  are  rather  thick,  and  in  a  general  way  the  appear- 
ance of  the  individual  is  rather  robust.  In  the  other  specimen  from 
the  same  station  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  8  mm. ;  the  arms  are  a 
little  more  slender  and  a  little  longer,  and  also  rather  strongly  rolled 
up;  they  must  be  about  40  mm.  long.  In  the  two  other  individuals 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  measures  respectively  7  mm.  and  4  mm. 

I  shall  describe  the  species  more  especially  from  the  two  specimens 
from  station  5629,  of  which  the  larger  is  shown  in  figures  1,2  and  3 
on  pi.  27;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  other  is  shown  in  figure  4.  I 
also  reproduce  (fig.  9)  a  photograph  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the 
specimen  from  station  5623,  in  which  the  shape  of  the  mouth  shields 
is  a  little  different. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  rather 
large  plates,  each  one  of  which  bears  a  large,  very  short,  and  thick 
club  spine,  which  broadens  abruptly  at  its  extremity  into  a  large, 
trilobed  head;  the  width  of  this  head  may  reach  twice  the  length 
of  the  cylindrical  stem  of  the  club  spine  (pi.  95,  fig.  4).  In  the 
vicinity  of  the  periphery  of  the  disk  the  heads  of  these  club  spines 
are  less  developed,  and  often  they  are  simply  spherical.  The  sur- 
face of  these  large  heads  is  very  rugose,  and  under  the  microscope 
short  and  closely  crowded  asperities  may  be  made  out.  This  struc- 
ture exactly  recalls  that  which  I  have  previously  described  in  0. 
mutata,  to  which  species  0.  sagittata  shows  a  rather  strong  resem- 
blance in  other  ways.  As  in  that  species,  the  radial  shields  are  small, 
triangular  with  the  angles  rounded,  and  a  little  longer  than  broad ; 
the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  divergent  and  widely  separated 
throughout  their  whole  length.  Their  surface  is  always  naked,  but 
their  distal  border  sometimes  carries  two  or  three  small  granules. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  large  slightly 
imbricated  plates,  almost  all  of  which  are  without  club  spines.  These 
occur  only  at  the  periphery,  in  the  form  of  small  elongated  granules 
with  the  end  rounded.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  remarkable  for  their  sagittate  form.  They 
are  almost  as  long  as  broad,  or  perhaps  a  little  longer  than  broad; 
they  have  a  sharp  proximal  angle,  which  is  prolonged  toward  the 
mouth,  bounded  by  two  divergent  and  straight  sides  which  at  first 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      113 

are  directed  obliquely  outward,  and  then  suddenly  form  a  very 
obtuse  angle  and  continue  outward  perpendicularly  to  the  median 
interradial  line;  after  a  certain  distance  they  reunite,  each  passing 
over  a  very  acute  angle,  with  the  two  distal  sides  which  together 
form  an  obtuse  and  very  rounded  angle.  The  adoral  plates  are 
situated  on  either  side  of  the  mouth  shields,  and  are  not  in  contact  in 
the  median  interradial  line ;  they  are  broadened  outwardly  and  taper 
gradually  as  far  as  their  proximal  end,  which  is  pointed  and  which 
lies  at  the  same  level  as  the  proximal  angle  of  the  mouth  shield.  The 
oral  plates  are  triangular,  short,  and  low.  The  mouth  papillae  are 
four  in  number  on  each  side;  their  form  is  rather  irregular,  espe- 
cially that  of  the  two  proximal  papillae,  which  are  flattened  with  the 
free  border  irregularly  jagged  or  lobed;  the  two  distal  papillae  have 
the  base  much  broadened  and  they  taper  rather  abruptly  beyond  the 
middle.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  broadened  and  flattened, 
broader  than  those  preceding,  and  its  free  border  shows  three  or 
four  small,  irregular,  and  unequal  lobes.  In  the  second  specimen 
from  station  5629  (pi.  27,  fig.  5)  the  form  of  the  mouth  papillae  is 
very  much  more  regular,  and  it  is  the  same  in  the  two  other  speci- 
mens. In  that  from  station  5623  (fig.  9)  the  mouth  shields  have  not 
quite  the  same- outlines  as  in  the  others,  and  the  lance-head  shape  is 
less  marked.  This  is  especially  because  the  proximal  angle  and  the 
two  lateral  angles  are  more  or  less  rounded,  and  the  sides  are  some- 
what incurved. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  rather  large,  triangular,  broader  than 
long,  with  a  rather  acute  proximal  angle  and  an  almost  straight  dis- 
tal border.  They  are  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arm  outward 
by  an  interval  at  first  very  short  but  gradually  elongating.  At  some 
distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms  these  plates  become  a  little  longer 
than  broad  and  slightly  bell-shaped. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  quadrangular  or  trapezoidal  with  the 
distal  border  a  little  shorter  than  the  proximal  border.  The  two  or 
three  following  plates  are  quadrangular,  with  a  rather  narrow  proxi- 
mal border,  and  an  extremely  broad  and  convex  distal  border  passing 
over  sharp  angles  into  the  sides  which  are  very  divergent  and  strongly 
excavated  by  the  tentacle  scale;  these  plates  are  very  much  broader 
than  long.  Beyond  the  disk  the  plates  become  pentagonal  with  an 
obtuse  proximal  angle,  and  they  soon  become  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  at  the  same  time  becoming  separated  by  a  very  narrow 
interval. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  bear  eight  or  nine 
large,  thick,  strong  cylindrical  spines,  with  the  tips  blunted,  at  least 
in  those  which  are  found  on  the  ventral  side;  the  dorsal  spines  are 
more  slender  and  pointed.  These  latter,  on  the  first  segments,  come 

.V>2>  59—2:1—1*  u  1 .  1 00 8 


114  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

very  close  together  in  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arm,  though  the 
two  rows  remain  distinct  on  each  side  and  are  not  continuous  with 
each  other.  The  surface  of  the  spines  shows  a  few  rugosities  which 
are  very  irregular  and  inconstant,  but  no  denticulations  properly 
speaking.  The  length  of  the  first  ventral  spine  equals  that  of  the 
segment ;  the  last  dorsal  spine  is  as  long  as  two  segments. 

The  tentacle  scale  of  the  pores  of  the  first  pair  is  single,  rather 
large,  broadened,  and  almost  circular;  it  becomes  narrower  on  the 
three  or  four  following  pairs,  and  then  conical  and  rather  pointed, 
though  always  remaining  short. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomitrella  sagittata  is  very 
close  to  O.  mutata  Kcehler,  which  it  recalls  in  the  armature  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk ;  but  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  is  very 
different,  and  the  elongation  of  the  proximal  angle  prevents  the  two 
adoral  plates  of  each  pair  from  touching  each  other  in  the  median 
interradial  line;  the  upper  arm  plates  have  the  distal  border  very 
much  less  convex,  the  spines  are  more  numerous  and  stouter,  and,  as 
it  seems  to  me,  shorter  than  in  0.  mutata.  Although  these  differences 
are  not  very  important,  I  have  not  felt  myself  justified  in  uniting 
the  two  species;  perhaps  the  examination  of  more  numerous  speci- 
mens will  show  intermediate  forms,  particularly  in  reference  to  the 
outlines  of  the  mouth  shields ;  but  at  present  none  are  known. 

OPHIOMITRELLA  SUBJECTA,  new  species. 

Plate  26,  figs.  5-9 ;  pi.  94;  tip.  4. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5280;  China  Sea  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  60°  W.,  11.3 
kilometers  (6.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  55'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  25'  55" 
E.) ;  353  meters  (193  fathoms)  ;  July  IT,  1908;  gy.  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41287,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5300;  China  Sea  in  the  vicinity  of  southern  Luzon 
(lat.  20°  31'  N.,  long.  115°  49'  E.) ;  485  meters  265  fathoms)  ; 
August  8,  1908;  gy.  M.,  S. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41286,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5325;  off  northern  Luzon;  Hermanos  Island  (N.) 
bearing  N.  86°  E.,  31.04  kilometers  (16.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  18°  34' 
15"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15"  E.) ;  410  meters  (224  fathoms) :  November 
12,  1908  ;gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41288,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — In  the  largest  specimen,  which  is  one  of  the  two 
from  station  5325,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm. ;  the  arms  are 
incomplete.  The  other  specimens  are  a  little  smaller,  and  in  one  of 
them,  in  which  the  disk  is  8  mm.  in  diameter,  the  arms  reach  40  mm. 
in  length.  In  the  smaller  from  station  5325  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  only  5  mm.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5300  the  diameter 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      115 

of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  3  mm.,  and  a  single  arm  is  preserved  for 
only  a  few  segments. 

The  disk  is  rounded  or  pentagonal,  with  the  interradial  regions 
a  little  produced.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  plates  with 
very  evident  outlines,  which  are  rather  thick,  imbricated,  smallest  in 
the  central  region,  becoming  larger  toward  the  periphery.  Each  of 
these  bears  a  large  club  spine  which  abruptly  broadens  into  a  well- 
developed  head,  and  this  head  is  divided  into  three  divergent  lobes 
provided  with  strong  conical  spinules  (pi.  94,  fig.  4).  The  length  of 
the  cylindrical  portion  of  the  club  spine  is  almost  equal  to  its  diame- 
ter. These  club  spines  are  very  closely  crowded  in  the  central  re- 
gion of  the  disk,  becoming  more  separated  toward  the  periphery, 
their  heads  at  the  same  time  tending  to  assume  a  simpler  form  and 
to  become  merely  a  swelling  furnished  with  pointed  spines;  then 
these  heads  themselves  disappear,  while  simultaneously  the  club- 
spine  elongates  somewhat  and  from  then  on  resembles  a  spine.  In 
the  large  specimen  from  station  5325,  shown  in  figure  8,  the  club- 
spines  are  more  elongated,  and  their  head  is  less  large  and  is  not 
trilobed,  or  at  least  only  has  very  slightly  marked  lobes ;  these  club- 
spines  show  on  their  surface  very  evident  spinules,  and  they  thus 
much  resembles  true  spines,  like  those  which  are  seen  on  the  border 
of  the  disk  in  the  other  specimens.  The  radial  shields  are  small, 
triangular,  and  longer  than  broad ;  they  may  bear  toward  their  distal 
border  two  or  three  club-spines  terminated  by  a  few  short  spinules. 
The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  slightly  divergent,  and  they  are 
widely  separated  by  two  or  three  series  of  plates. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  large  unequal 
plates,  which  do  not  bear  club  spines  except  toward  the  periphery. 
The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  a  little  broader  than  long,  somewhat  lozenge- 
shaped,  with  a  much  elongated  and  pointed  proximal  angle,  which 
is  produced  toward  the  mouth  between  the  two  adoral  plates  and 
which  is  bounded  by  two  very  concave  sides;  the  lateral  angles  are 
sharp  and  the  distal  border  is  convex  and  shows  in  the  middle,  a 
more  or  less  prominent  rounded  lobe;  it  may  be  said  also  that  this 
border  is  composed  of  two  short  sides  passing  into  each  other  by  a 
very  rounded  obtuse  angle.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  medium 
size,  are  slightly  recurved  and  crescentic;  they  are  three  times  as 
long  as  broad.  The  oral  plates  are  small,  triangular,  and  little  ele- 
vated. The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  which  are  four  in  number,  are 
conical,  rather  elongated,  with  the  point  blunted;  the  proximal 
papilla  is  usually  a  little  broader  than  the  others.  The  unpaired 
terminal  papilla  is  thick  and  stout  and  a  little  more  developed  than 
those  on  either  side. 


116  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  rather  large,  triangular  or  slightly  bell- 
shaped,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  border. 
From  the  base  of  the  arm  outward  they  are  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  triangular,  with  a  distal  rounded 
angle  and  the  proximal  side  excavated;  it  is  a  little  broader  than 
long.  The  second  is  very  large,  triangular,  very  much  broader  than 
long,  with  a  proximal  angle,  and  with  the  distal  border  slightly 
convex.  The  following  plates  become  pentagonal,  with  a  very  ob- 
hise  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  border;  they  are  at  first 
broader  than  long,  but  they  become  progressively  elongated,  and, 
beyond  the  sixth,  they  are  a  little  longer  than  broad.  Beyond  the 
second  they  are  separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  moderately,  carry  eight  or 
nine  stout  cylindrical  spines  with  the  point  rounded  and  slightly 
echinulated,  especially  on  the  ventral  spines.  The  first  ventral  spine 
is  as  long  as  the  segment  and  the  last  dorsal  equals  two  segments 
and  a  half. 

The  rather  well-developed  tentacle  scale  is  always  single.  On  the 
pores  of  the  first  pair  this  scale  is  rounded,  very  broad,  and  rather 
short;  on  the  following  segments  it  elongates  a  little  and  becomes 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  tip  rounded. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Like  O.  sagittata,  O.  subjecta 
is  very  close  to  O.  mutata  Kcehler,  but  it  is  distinguished  from  it  by 
the  shape  of  the  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  in  which 
the  head  forms  three  divergent  lobes  armed  with  very  strong  teeth ; 
this  head  assumes  a  simply  rounded  form  and  gradually  disappears 
at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  in  such  a  way  that  the  club  spines  end 
by  resembling  small  true  spines;  and  this  last-mentioned  character 
they  maintain  over  the  whole  extent  of  the  dorsal  surface  in  the 
largest  specimen  from  station  5325;  but  whatever  may  be  the  form 
of  the  head,  these  club  spines  are  sharply  differentiated  from  those 
which  I  have  described  in  O.  mutata,  in  which  the  head  remains  per- 
fectly smooth.  The  mouth  shields  are  shorter  than  in  O.  mutata,  and 
the  proximal  angle  is  more  elongated  and  sharper;  the  upper  arm 
plates  are  larger,  the  spines  are  more  or  less  strongly  echinulated,  etc. 

In  0.  sagittata  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are 
similarly  terminated  by  a  trilobed  head,  the  form  of  which  is  close 
to  that  taken  by  the  club  spines  in  O.  subjecta  toward  the  periphery 
of  the  disk;  O.  sagittata  is  further  distinguished  from  0.  mutata  and 
from  O.  subjecta  by  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  which  is  quite 
remarkable.  Furthermore,  the  mouth  papillae  also  show  peculiar 
characters/the  spines  are  somewhat  echinulated,  and  the  upper  arm 
plates  are  a  little  more  elongated  than  in  0.  mutata. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      117 

As  0.  mutata  was  established  on  the  basis  of  only  three  specimens, 
and  as  O.  sagittata  and  O.  subjects  are  both  also  represented  by  a 
very  small  number  of  individuals,  it  is  very  difficult  to  appraise  the 
true  value  of  the  differences  which  I  have  given.  0 phiomitrella  sub- 
jecta  from  stations  5280  and  5325  seems  to  me,  on  account  of  the  ar- 
mature of  its  disk,  to  differ  more  from  0.  mutata  than  the  individuals 
which  I  have  described  under  the  name  of  0.  sagittata. 

However  that  may  be,  it  has  seemed  to  me  preferable  to  describe 
under  two  different  names  the  two  forms  collected  by  the  Albatross; 
they  can  be  later  considered  as  simple  varieties  of  0.  mutata  if  we 
obtain  new  specimens  showing  intergrading  forms. 

Under  the  name  of  0 phiomitrella  stellifera  Matsumoto  has  just 
described  ('17,  p.  104)  a  Japanese  species  which  seems  to  me  also  very 
close  to  O.  sagittata,  0.  subjecta,  and  0.  mutata.  The  plates  of  the 
disk  bear  rather  broad  club  spines  terminated  by  a  stellate  crown  of 
six  spinules  which  seems  very  regular,  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields 
is  very  different  from  that  which  I  have  described  in  the  two  species 
collected  by  the  Albatross,  and  the  upper  arm  plates  are  also  broader 
and  shorter  than  in  O.  stelligera. 

OPHIORIPA,  new  genus. 

Description. — I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  create,  near  the  genus 
OphiomitreUa  as  defined  by  Verrill,  another  genus  characterized  by 
having  the  disk  covered  with  very  large  subequal  plates  which  are 
highly  developed,  especially  in  the  central  region,  and  which  may  at- 
tain dimensions  equal  to  or  scarcely  less  than  those  of  the  radial 
shields.  These  plates  are  thin,  and,  in  the  two  known  species  of  the 
genus,  they  show  about  their  periphery  a  narrow  and  transparent 
border ;  some  of  them  carry  granules  or  spines  which  are  always  few 
in  number.  The  radial  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  almost 
as  long  as  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  three  in  number,  are 
borne  by  the  oral  plates  together  with  an  unpaired  terminal  papilla. 
The  arms,  which  are  slightly  or  not  at  all  moniliform,  are  more  or 
less  contorted ;  the  upper  arm  plates  are  of  small  size  and  separated 
from  the  base  of  the  arm  outward  by  the  side  arm  plates.  The  under 
arm  plates  are  also  very  small,  widely  separated,  and  only  occupying 
a  small  portion  of  the  length  of  the  arms.  The  arm  spines  are  not 
very  long,  and  the  two  lateral  series  are  widely  separated  in  the 
median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms. 

Notes. — The  genus  Ophioripa  differs  from  the  genus  OphiomitreUa 
in  the  large  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk,  which  are  provided  with  a 
transparent  border,  in  the  very  small  under  arm  plates,  and  in  the 
wide  separation  along  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arm  of  the  col- 
umns of  arm  spines.  It  is  distinguished  from  the  new  genus  Ophioph- 
thalmus,  recently  established  by  Matsumoto  and  of  which  I  shall 


118  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

speak  further  on,  by  the  characters  of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk 
and  by  the  very  small  upper  arm  plates  which  are  separated  from  the 
base  of  the  arms  outward. 

This  genus  is  represented  in  the  Albatross  collections  by  two  spe- 
cies, but  unfortunately  each  includes  only  a  single  specimen  of  rather 
small  size;  in  one  of  the  two  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  bear  extremely  developed  spines,  which  are  as  thick  as  the  arm 
spines ;  in  the  other,  which  I  take  as  the  type  of  the  genus,  the  spines 
are  very  much  fewer  and  shorter  and  are  reduced  to  simple  granules. 

Type  of  the  genus. — Ophioripa  marginata,  new  species. 

OPHIORIPA  MARGINATA,  new  species. 

Plate  23,  figs.  1,  2. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  4781.  One  specimen  (Cat.  No. 
41129,  U.S.N.M.) 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  4  mm. ;  the  arms  are  in- 
complete, but  they  appear  to  be  very  short  and  could  scarcely  have 
exceeded  10  mm.  in  length. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  rather  swollen  dorsal  surface  is  covered 
with  large  subequal  plates  which  are  rounded  and  thin  and  show  a 
very  clearly  marked  narrow  transparent  border;  their  surface  is 
finely  granulose,  but  the  granules  do  not  pass  onto  the  peripheral 
border.  The  plates  of  the  central  region  are  larger  than  the  others, 
though  a  distinct  primary  rosette  can  not  be  recognized.  The  plates 
become  smaller  in  the  interradial  spaces  toward  the  periphery  of  the 
disk;  in  the  vicinity  of  the  edge  of  the  disk  or  on  the  edge  itself 
some  of  the  plates  bear  a  large  elongated  and  rugose  granule.  I  do 
not  believe  that  these  granules  were  more  numerous  on  the  living 
animal  or  that  they  occurred  over  the  whole  extent  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk ;  in  any  case  I  do  not  see  the  least  indication  of  scars 
left  by  granules  which  have  been  rubbed  off.  The  radial  shields  are 
a  little  larger  than  the  large  central  plates ;  they  are  triangular,  with 
the  angles  and  the  sides  rounded,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  and  the 
two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact  for  almost  their  entire  length, 
which  scarcely  reaches  a  quarter  of  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

In  the  interradial  spaces  the  ventral  surface  bears  a  small  number 
of  plates  similar  to  those  on  the  dorsal  surface  and  showing,  like 
them,  a  thin  marginal  border,  but  narrower  and  less  evident.  These 
plates  occupy  almost  the  distal  half  of  the  space  included  between 
the  edge  of  the  disk  and  the  mouth  shields;  in  the  other  half  the 
plates  suddenly  become  extremely  small,  very  closely  crowded,  and 
imbricated.  The  very  broad  genital  slits  extend  from  the  mouth 
shield  to  near  the  edge  of  the  disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  small,  triangular  or  lozenge-shaped, 
much  broader  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEPtS.      119 

by  two  straight  sides,  and  a  convex  distal  border  showing  in  the 
middle  a  more  or  less  marked  rounded  lobe.  The  adoral  plates  are 
elongated,  with  the  long  sides  parallel,  three  or  four  times  as  long  as 
broad,  and  they  give  off  outwardly  a  narrow  process  which  separates 
the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are 
large,  triangular,  higher  than  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae, 
three  in  number,  are  rather  large,  elongated,  rather  narrow,  pointed, 
and  very  rugose;  the  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  larger  than  those 
on  either  side. 

The  arms  are  rather  narrow,  somewhat  moniliform,  with  the  seg- 
ments elongated,  and  they  are  more  or  less  incurved ;  the  upper  arm 
plates  are  small,  triangular,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  and 
a  strongly  convex  distal  border;  they  are  almost  as  long  as  broad 
and  are  separated  by  a  space  which  is  greater  than  their  own  length. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  rectangular  or  trape- 
zoidal, a  little  broader  than  long.  The  following,  which  are  rather 
small,  are  pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
straight  sides,  two  straight  lateral  borders,  and  a  rounded  distal 
side  which  is  more  or  less  notched  in  the  middle;  they  are  a  little 
longer  than  broad,  and  are  separated  from  the  first  outward  by  a 
rather  large  interval.  The  second  and  the  third  plates  are  still  of 
rather  large  size,  but  on  the  following  the  size  diminishes  rapidly. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  greatly  developed,  especially  on  the 
dorsal  side,  project  strongly,  and  they  carry  at  first  six  rather  large, 
cylindrical,  blunt-pointed  spines.  The  first  ventral  spine  is  longer 
than  the  segment,  and  the  length  increases  to  the  last  dorsal,  which, 
on  the  first  arm  segments,  may  reach  a  length  of  two  segments.  Their 
surface  is  very  rugose  and  may  even  show  very  fine  and  very  closely 
crowded  denticulations. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  elongated,  spiniform,  and  pointed,  and 
its  length  equals  about  three-quarters  of  the  length  of  the  under  arm 
plate. 

OPHIORIPA  NUGATOR,  new  species. 

Plate  23,  figs.  8,  9. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  4781.  One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41128, 
U.S.N.M.) 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. ;  the  arms,  which 
are  rather  broad  at  the  base,  taper  rather  rapidly ;  they  are  more  or 
less  contorted,  and  their  total  length  may  be  estimated  as  15  mm. 

Ths  disk  is  rounded,  slightly  incised  in  the  interradial  spaces.  The 
dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  large  imbricated  plates,  among  which 
those  of  the  central  region,  which  are  very  much  larger  than  the 
others,  stand  out  prominently.  These  last  are  unequal  in  size,  and 


120  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

in  each  of  the  interradial  spaces  one  of  them  is  noticeable  on  account 
of  its  very  much  greater  dimensions.  A  certain  number  of  plates, 
and  especially  the  large  central  plates,  carry  each  a  very  large 
cylindrical  and  thick  spine  which  remains  of  the  same  diameter  to 
its  rounded  extremity;  the  surface  of  these  spines  is  very  rugose, 
and  their  length  equals  or  even  exceeds  the  diameter  of  the  plate 
which  carries  them.  My  specimen  has  retained  nine  of  these  large 
spines,  and  I  recognize  the  scars  of  a  few  others  which  must  have 
been  torn  off.  Other  smaller  spines  occur  here  and  there  on  the  plates, 
and  they  finally  pass  into  large  elongated  granules,  with  the  ex- 
tremity slightly  swollen,  which  are  seen  on  the  periphery  of  the  disk ; 
these  granules,  like  the  large  spines,  are  covered  with  very  closely 
crowded  asperities.  All  these  dorsal  plates  show  a  narrow  and  very 
finely  denticulated  marginal  border,  less  apparent  and  less  broad, 
however,  than  in  the  preceding  species.  The  radial  shields  are  of 
almost  the  same  dimensions  as  the  large  central  plates ;  they  are  tri- 
angular, with  the  angles  and  the  sides  rounded;  they  are  almost  as 
long  as  broad,  and  their  length  is  almost  equal  to  one-fourth  the 
radius  of  the  disk;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact 
throughout  their  whole  length. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rather  large  plates 
similar  to  those  on  the  dorsal  surface,  but  a  little  smaller,  and  show- 
ing, like  them,  a  narrow  and  denticulated  border;  their  dimensions 
diminish  toward  the  mouth  shields.  The  very  broad  genital  slits 
extend  from  the  mouth  shield  to  the  periphery  of  the  disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  small,  triangular,  very  much  broader 
than  long,  with  a  rather  prominent  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
straight  or  slightly  concave  sides,  and  a  rounded  distal  border;  on 
two  of  the  shields  this  border  shows  in  the  middle  a  small  rounded 
lobe.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  much  elongated,  have  the  long 
sides  almost  parallel ;  they  are,  however,  a  little  broader  distally,  and 
often  give  off  a  narrow  process  which  separates  the  mouth  shield 
from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  and 
almost  as  high  as  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  three  in  num- 
ber, are  small,  cylindrical,  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  tip 
rounded;  their  surface  is  covered  with  very  strong  asperities.  The 
unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  much  broadened  and  obtuse. 

The  first  arm  segments  are  rather  short ;  the  following  very  rapidly 
elongate,  and  the  arms  then  become  slightly  moniliform.  The  upper 
arm  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular,  with  an  obtuse 
proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  straight  sides,  and  a  very  convex 
distal  border ;  they  are  a  little  broader  than  long  and  separated  from 
the  base  of  the  arms  outward  by  a  progressively  increasing  interval. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      121 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  trapezoidal,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
with  a  proximal  border  broader  than  the  distal.  The  following  plates 
are  rather  small,  pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle 
bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  lateral  borders  slightly  excavated  by 
the  tentacle  pores,  and  a  rounded  distal  border  notched  in  the  middle ; 
they  are  a  little  longer  than  broad.  These  plates  are  almost  in  contact 
as  far  as  the  fourth ;  beyond  they  are  separated  by  an  interval  which 
increases  rapidly. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  at  the  base  of 
the  arm  five  thick  cylindrical  spines,  with  the  tip  rounded,  and  pro- 
vided with  rather  strong  and  very  closely  crowded  denticulations 
which  are  especially  marked  on  the  ventral  spines.  The  first  ventral 
spine  almost  equals  the  segment  in  length,  and  the  last  dorsal  does 
not  quite  equal  two  segments. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  rather  small,  short,  and  cylindrical, 
with  the  tip  obtuse,  and  its  surface  is  covered  with  rugosities. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  yellowish  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophioripa  nugator  is  evidently 
very  close  to  the  preceding  species,  from  which  it  is  immediately 
distinguished  by  the  large  and  thick  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk.  It  does  not  seem  to  me  possible  to  suppose  that  O.  margi- 
nata  may  be  an  O.  nugator  in  which  these  large  spines  have  been 
all  torn  away  without  leaving  the  least  trace  of  their  insertion  or 
have  not  yet  made  their  appearance.  0.  nugator  also  differs  from 
O.  marginata  in  having  the  arms  formed  of  shorter  segments,  in  its 
similarly  shorter  arm  spines,  in  having  the  under  arm  plates  more 
elongated  and  almost  in  contact  on  the  first  segments,  in  the  smaller 
mouth  papillae,  and  in  having  the  tentacle  scale  also  less  developed. 

Genus  OPHIOPHTHALMUS  Matsumoto. 

The  genus  0  phiophthalmus  was  erected  in  1917  by  Matsumoto  to 
include  a  certain  number  of  ophiurans  assigned  by  authors  to  the 
genera  Ophiomitra  or  O  phiomitrella,  or  even  to  0 phiacantha.  This 
genus,  very  close  to  the  genus  O  phiomitrella,  differs  from  it  in  having 
the  upper  arm  plates  well  developed  and  in  contact  on  the  first  arm 
segments,  and  in  having  the  arm  spines  numerous  and  elongated,  the 
two  rows  on  each  side  never  coming  close  together  in  the  median 
dorsal  line  of  the  arm.  In  addition  this  genus  shows  on  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  an  investment  of  more  or  less  imbricated  plates, 
which  may  be  provided  with  rugose  granules ;  the  naked  radial  shields 
are  rounded  or  oval. 

I  agree  perfectly  with  Matsumoto  regarding  the  necessity  of  sepa- 
rating the  genera  Ophiomitra  and  Ophiomitrella  from  forms  such  as 
0 phiacantha  normani  Lyman,  0.  relicta  Koehler,  Ophiomitra  grani- 


122  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

fera  Liitken  and  Mortensen,  Ophiomitrella  placida  Koehler,  and 
various  others,  but  I  differ  completely  from  him  regarding  the  limits 
of  the  genus  Ophiophthalmus  and  the  species  which  should  be 
assigned  to  it. 

The  species  which  are  included  by  Matsumoto  in  the  genus 
Ophiophthalmus,  thirteen  in  number,  are  in  the  following : 

Ophiomitrella  americana  Kcehler. 
Ophiomitrella  mutata  Kcehler. 
Ophiomitrella  languida  Kcehler. 
Ophiacantha  cataleimmoida  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiacantha  normani  Lyman. 
Ophiacantha  relicta  Kcehler. 
Ophiomitra  granifera  Liitken  and  Mortensen. 
Ophiacantha  leucorhabdota  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiacantha  eurypoma  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiacantha  hylacantha  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiomitra  codonomorpha  H.  L.  Clark. 
Ophiomitrella  placida  Kcehler. 
Ophiomitra  microphilax  H.  L.  Clark. 

First  of  all,  I  believe  it  necessary  to  remove  from  the  genus 
Ophiophthalmus  three  of  these  species.  First,  Ophiomitrella  ameri- 
cana; I  do  not  see  any  plausible  reason  for  not  leaving  this  in  the 
genus  Ophiomitrella,  of  which  it  shows  all  the  generic  characters ;  it 
is  furthermore  very  close  to  0.  granulifera  Kcehler,  which  Verrill 
assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  when  it  was  established.  I 
may  say  as  much  of  O.  mutata  and  O.  languida,  which  seem  to  me 
to  find  their  place  much  better  in  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  than  in 
Matsumoto's  new  genus. 

The  other  species  it  seems  to  me  possible  to  separate  into  three 
groups.  The  first  of  these  groups  includes  first  the  type  chosen  by 
Matsumoto  for  his  genus  Ophiophthalmus,  which  is  Ophiacantha 
cataleimmoida,  then  the  species  which  are  close  to  it,  that  is  to  say, 
0.  normani,  O.  granifera,  and  0.  relicta.  In  none  of  these  species, 
not  even  in  the  type  of  the  genus,  do  the  arm  spines  show  the 
characters  indicated  by  Matsumoto  in  his  diagnosis — "numerous, 
long,  conical,  opaque,  hardly  serrate" — for  these  spines  are  not 
elongated,  and  they  are  not  numerous;  0.  cataleimmoida  has  six,  0. 
normani  four,  O.  granifera  six,  and  O.  relicta  five  or  six,  and  they 
are  provided  with  denticulations  in  the  last  two  species.  These  four 
species  possess  the  common  character  of  having  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  covered  with  rounded  grains  which  are  found  on  the 
distal  edge  of  the  upper  arm  plates  for  a  greater  or  lesser  distance 
along  the  arms.  The  radial  shields  are  large,  or  at  least  rather  large. 

The  second  group  also  includes  four  species ;  these  are  Ophiacantha 
leucorhabdota,  O.  eurypoma,  O.  hylacantha,  and  O.  condonomorpha. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      123 

All  have  large  radial  shields.  The  arm  spines  are  rather  numerous, 
from  seven  to  nine,  rather  long  in  the  three  first  species,  without, 
however,  being  very  long,  and  decidedly  short  in  O.  codonomorpha. 
The  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  small,  and  sometimes  bear  rather 
large  granules  (O.  leucorhabdota) ,  sometimes  small  club  spines  (0. 
eurypoma),  or  even  a  mixture  of  granules  and  true  spines  (O. 
hylacantha) ,  or  they  are  almost  completely  bare  (O.  codonomorpha}. 
The  upper  arm  plates,  of  various  forms,  are  not  truly  in  contact  at 
the  base  of  the  arms  except  in  0.  leucorhabdota  and  0.  hylacantha. 

It  is  thus  seen  that  tkese  four  species  show  very  different  characters, 
and  they  certainly  do  not  represent  a  natural  assemblage.  Ophia- 
cantha eurypoma  and  O.  hylacantha  approach  most  closely  the  type 
of  the  genus  Ophiophthalmus.  Ophiacantha  hylacantha,  in  which 
the  disk  carries  both  spines  and  granules,  these  latter  passing  onto 
the  distal  edges  of  the  upper  arm  plates,  may  be  left  in  this  genus, 
as  well  as  O.  eurypoma  and  O.  codonomorpha.  But  O.  leucorhab- 
dota, with  its  peculiar  upper  arm  plates,  with  its  numerous  mouth 
papillae,  and  with,  or  so  it  seems  to  me,  a  few  tooth  papillae,  differs 
markedly  from  all  the  other  species.  Would  it  not  better  find  its 
place  in  the  genus  Ophiomitra  in  the  restricted  sense  ? 

There  remains  two  species  forming  a  third  group;  these  are 
Ophiomitrella  placida  and  Ophiomitra  miwophttax.  I  should  be 
disposed  to  place  them  in  a  genus  different  from  that  including  the 
preceding,  on  account  of  the  form  of  the  adoral  plates. 

In  my  memoir  on  the  ophiurans  of  the  Siboga  expedition,  in  dis- 
cussing the  genera  separated  by  Verrill  from  the  old  Ophiomitra,  I 
expressed  myself  on  the  subject  of  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  (Kcehler, 
'04,  p.  123)  as  follows: 

Verrill  says  in  the  characterization  of  this  genus  that  the  mouth  shields 
touch  the  first  side  arm  plate;  but  the  Siboga  has  found  two  new  species, 
which  I  shall  describe  further  on  under  the  names  Ophiomitrella  placida  and  0. 
moniUformis,  in  which  the  adoral  plates  are  broadened  outwardly  into  a  lobe 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  It  would 
therefore  be  necessary  either  to  maintain  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  strictly 
within  the  narrow  limits  assigned  to  it  by  Verrill,  or,  broadening  these  limits, 
to  admit  the  species  with  the  adoral  plates  extending  between  the  mouth  shield 
and  the  first  side  arm  plate.  But  it  is  indubitable  that  when  Verrill  established 
his  genus  Ophiomitrella,  no  species  were  known  which  could  be  assigned  to  it 
in  which  the  adoral  plates  show  this  arrangement;  he  therefore  did  not 
have  to  take  it  into  account.  I  have  thought  that  it  would  not  be  unseemly 
to  place  in  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  the  two  species  discovered  by  the  Siboga, 
modifying  the  diagnosis  of  this  genus  by  stating  that  the  adoral  plates  may 
or  may  not  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The 
remarks  which  I  have  given  above  on  the  form  of  these  plates  in  the  genus 
Ophiacantha  show  that  this  form  is  not  perhaps  so  constant  as  Verrill  thought, 
and  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  is  quite  sufficiently  characterized  in  spite  of  the 
slight  modification  which  I  propose  to  introduce  into  the  original  diagnosis. 


124  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

After  the  description  of  O.  moniliformis  and  O.  placida  I  added 
in  the  same  work  ('04,  p.  138)  : 

O.  placida  occupies  with  0.  moniliformis  a  place  apart  in  the  genus  Ophio- 
initrcUd  ;  .  .  .  they  can  not  be  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiomitrella  except  with 
the  reservation  which  I  made  on  page  123  on  the  subject  of  the  adoral  plates. 

The  scruples  which  I  had  in  1914  regarding  the  generic  separation 
of  these  two  species  from  the  other  species  of  Ophiomitrella  have 
no  longer  any  force,  for  the  species  are  becoming  more  and  more 
numerous,  and  the  necessity  has  arisen  for  circumscribing  more 
closely  the  characters  of  the  species  in  order  to  reassign  them  to 
genera  with  more  exact  limits.  I  believe,  therefore,  that  it  is  neces- 
sary to  establish  a  new  genus  for  Ophiomitrella  placida  and  O.  mon- 
Uiformis,  and  I  believe  that  Ophiomitra  microphylax  H.  L.  Clark 
must  also  be  included  in  it.  This  genus,  to  which  I  propose  to  give 
the  name  of  Ophiomelina,  would  be  characterized  by  having  the 
adoral  plates  elongated  into  a  distal  lobe  separating  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate,  by  having  the  upper  arm  plates 
large,  in  contact  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  by  having  the  elongated, 
fine,  more  or  less  numerous  arm  spines  restricted  to  the  sides  of  the 
arms.  I  will  come  back  to  it  again  shortly. 

I  thus  propose  to  leave  in  the  genus  Ophiophthalmus  only  the 
seven  following  species : 

O.    cataleimmoida    (H.    L.    Clark). 

O.  normani    (Lyman). 

0.  (jraniferus   (Liitken  and  Mortensen ) . 

O.   rclictus    (Kcehler). 

0.   eurypomus    (H.  L.  Clark). 

0.  hylacanthus    (H.  L.   Clark). 

0.  codonomorphus  (H.  L.  Clark). 

Of  the  different  species  which  Matsumoto  has  placed  in  his  genus 
Ophiophthalmus,  two  occur  in  the  Albatross  collection ;  the  one  which 
should  be  retained  in  this  genus  is  O.  relictus  (Kcehler) ;  the  other 
is  made  the  type  of  the  genus  Ophiomelina'  this  is  O.  placida 
(Koehler).  I  shall  discuss  these  below.  I  shall  also  place  in  the 
genus  Ophiophthalmus,  though  with  some  doubts,  a  new  species  col- 
lected by  the  Albatross  and  represented  by  a  single  specimen. 

OPHIOPHTHALMUS  RELICTUS   (Kwhler). 

Plate  9,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  95,  fig.  3. 

Ophiacantha  reUota  K<EHLER  ('04),  p.  106,  pi.  17,  figs.  4-6.— H.  L.  CLARK 

('15),  p.  204. 

Ophiacantha  oedidisca  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  219,  fig.  101;  ('15),  p.  203. 
Ophiophthalmus  relictus  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  106. 
Ophiosemnotes  oedidisca  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  137. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  March 
Island  bearing  S.  69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles)  distant  (lat. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      125 

0°  37'  00"  N.,  long.  127°  15'  00"  E.) ;  763  meters  (417  fathoms) ; 
November  27,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41239,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5630;  south  of  Patiente  Strait;  Doworra  Island 
(N.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (iat,  0° 
56'  30"  S.,  long.  128°  05'  00"  E.)  ;  1,041  meters  (569  fathoms)  ;  De- 
cember 2,  1909;  co.  'S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41244,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5647;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  87°  E.,  21.50  kilometers  (11.6  miles)  distant  (Iat.  5°  34'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  18'  15"  E.)  ;  949  meters  (519  fathoms)  ;  December  16, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41246,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (Iat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.)  ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms)  ;  December  16^ 
109 ;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41242,  41243,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5652;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lamulu  bearing 
S.  36°  E.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles)  distant  (Iat.  4°  35'  00"  S.. 
long.  121°  23'  06"  E.) ;  960  meters  (525  fathoms)  ;  December  17, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41240,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5657;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Olang  Point  bear- 
ing N.  61°  W.,  28.72  kilometers  (15.5  miles)  distant  (Iat.  3°  19'  40" 
S.,  long.  120°  36'  30"  E.) ;  900  meters  (492  fathoms)  ;  December  19, 
1909;  gy.  M. 

Nine  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41245,  41241,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  absolutely  identical  with  those  from  the 
Siboga  expedition  on  which  I  established  the  species. 

In  the  synonymy  above  I  have  united  Ophiacantha  oedidisca  H.  L. 
Clark  with  O.  relictus.  I  can  not  see  any  character  permitting  tfcc. 
differentiation  of  O.  relictus,  which  I  described  in  1904  from  speci- 
mens collected  by  the  Siboga  among  the  Sunda  Islands,  from  O. 
oedidisca,  which  H.  L.  Clark  based  on  Japanese  specimens.  In  com- 
paring this  last  species  with  O.  normani  and  0.  reUctus  the  American 
naturalist  says  that  his  species  differs  from  both  in  its  general  ap- 
pearance, due  to  the  thickness  of  the  disk  and  the  narrow  arms  pro- 
vided with  spines.  But  in  describing  O.  relictus  and  in  comparing  it 
with  O.  normani  I  had  already  mentioned  that  the  disk  of  O.  relictus 
was  convex  and  that  the  arms,  more  or  less  rolled  up,  appeared 
more  flexible  and  less  rigid  than  in  O.  normani,  and  that,  further- 
more, the  under  arm  plates  were  widely  separated  from  the  base  of 
the  arms  outward.  I  stated  also  that  the  arm  spines,  six  in  number, 


126  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

were  irregularly  echinulated  and  relatively  short.  But  all  these 
characters  are  those  which  H.  L.  Clark  attributes  to  0.  oedidisca. 
This  naturalist  notes  that  between  the  successive  under  arm  plates 
there  exists  a  more  or  less  marked  depression,  and  that  it  is  difficult 
to  decide  whether  the  side  arm  plates  do  or  do  not  penetrate  into 
this  depression.  I  have  determined  on  certain  specimens  that  the 
part  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  which  separates  the  successive 
arm  plates  in  the  median  line  is  slightly  depressed,  but  on  individuals 
dried  and  then  treated  with  glycerinated  alcohol,  I  can  easily  show 
that  the  side  arm  plates  penetrate  as  far  as  the  median  line  of  the 
arm,  along  which  they  are  in  contact,  and  that  they  separate  com- 
pletely the  successive  under  arm  plates.  This  may  be  readily  seen 
on  the  specimen  of  which  I  give  a  photograph  here  (fig.  4) . 

Furthermore,  there  can  not  be  the  least  confusion  between  O.  nor- 
mani  and  O.  relictus.  I  have  included  (pi.  9,  figs.  5,  6)  photographs 
of  a  specimen  of  0.  normani  collected  by  the  Albatross,  of  which 
I  spoke  in  1904  (Kcehler  '04,  p.  107),  and  it  may  be  seen  that  the 
two  species  differ  absolutely  from  each  other  in  the  characters  of  the 
arm  spines  and  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  as  well  as  in  that 
of  the  under  arm  plates;  the  disk  of  O.  normani  is  flattened,  while 
it  is  thick,  with  a  very  convex  dorsal  surface,  in  O.  relictus,  as  the 
photograph  reproduced  in  figure  2  on  plate  9  shows. 

Ophiophthalmus  relictus  was  found  by  the  Siboga  at  different 
stations  between  0°-10°  S.  latitude  and  116°-131°  E.  longitude,  at 
depths  varying  between  538  and  1,624  meters  (310  to  887  fathoms). 

H.  L.  Clark's  Ophiacantha  oedidisca  was  dredged  in  the  Japanese 
seas  between  405  and  578  fathoms. 

The  preceding  lines  were  written  in  1914,  and  consequently  a 
long  time  before  the  appearance  of  Matsumoto's  memoir;  I  believe 
there  is  no  necessity  for  the  least  modification  of  them,  and  I  still 
consider  Ophiacantha  oedidisca  a  synonym  of  0.  relictus.  In  his 
memoir  of  1917  Matsumoto  not  only  maintains  the  first  as  a  dis- 
tinct species,  but  he  even  places  it  in  a  different  and  new  genus  to 
which  he  gives  the  name  of  Ophiosemnotes  and  of  which  the  type 
is  H.  L.  Clark's  Ophiolebes  tylota.  Besides  these  two  species, 
Matsumoto  assigns  to  the  genus  OpJiwsemnotes  four  others  placed 
by  H.  L.  Clark  in  the  genus  Ophiolebes — 0.  pachybactra,  O.  dia- 
phora,  0.  paucispina,  and  0.  ~brevispina — and  in  addition  Ophiactis 
clavigera  Ljungman,  placed  by  Lyman  in  the  genus  Ophiolebes. 

In  mentioning  0.  oedidisca,  Matsumoto  ('17,  p.  137)  adds  that  al- 
though this  species  resembles  certain  forms  of  the  genus  Ophioph- 
thalmus,  it  differs  from  them  in  its  disk,  which  is  very  convex. 
But  we  have  seen  that  one  of  the  principal  characters  of  O.  relictus, 
and  one  which  I  have  emphasized,  is  this  same  height  of  the  disk. 
H.  L.  Clark  has  already  relied  on  this  same  character  as  well  as 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      127 

on  the  slenderness  of  the  arms,  which  are  provided  with  short 
spines,  to  separate  0.  oedidlsca  from  O.  normani  and  O.  relictus. 
Evidently  the  two  authors  have  completely  misunderstood  the  char- 
acters of  O.  relictus.  I  therefore  continue  to  consider  0.  oedidi-sca 
as  a  synonym  of  O.  relictus. 

OPHIOPHTHALMUS  SUSPECTUS,  new  species. 

Plate  6,  figs.  1,  2. 

Locality. — Not  given. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41164,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  disk  is  8  mm.  in  diameter,  and  the  arms  are 
45  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  and  notched  in  the  interradial  spaces.  It 
is  rather  thick  and  the  dorsal  surface  is  depressed  in  the  central 
region.  This  surface  is  covered  with  small,  rather  crowded,  thin 
and  transparent  imbricated  plates,  the  contours  of  which  are  only 
slightly  evident;  each  of  them  carries  a  broad  and  very  short  club 
spine,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  which  rapidly  expands  into  a 
large  convex  head ;  it  would  be  quite  as  exact  to  say  that  these  plates 
bear  slightly  pediculate  globules.  The  rounded  surface  of  these 
club  spines  or  globules  is  very  rugose,  and  under  the  microscope  it 
is  seen  to  be  provided  with  short  and  closely  crowded  spinules. 
The  globules  themselves  are  very  close  to  each  other,  and  in  con- 
tact in  the  central  region  of  the  disk;  they  are  less  closely  crowded, 
and  also  a  little  larger,  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  be- 
tween the  radial  shields;  in  these  regions  the  plates  which  carry 
the  globules  are  themselves  larger  and  their  outlines  are  more  dis- 
tinct. The  radial  shields  are  large,  irregularly  triangular  in  shape, 
with  the  angles  and  the  borders  rounded,  scarcely  longer  than 
broad;  they  are  in  contact  throughout  almost  their  entire  length, 
which  almost  equals  a  third  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  In  the  inter- 
radial  spaces  the  investment  of  plates  does  not  extend  quite  to  the 
periphery  of  the  disk,  leaving  naked  a  marginal  region  which  is 
covered  only  by  a  membraneous  integument  showing  here  and 
there  a  small  calcified  nodule. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  bears  only  extremely  thin  and 
transparent  plates  which  do  not  even  form  a  continuous  covering. 
The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad,  but  the  genital  plates  are  only 
slightly  developed. 

The  radial  shields  are  rather  small  and  short,  though  very  broad, 
at  least  three  times  as  broad  as  long;  they  show  an  obtuse  though 
rather  projecting  angle,  two  slightly  concave  sides,  and  a  convex 
distal  border,  of  which  the  middle  is  swollen  into  a  slightly  project- 
ing lobe.  The  adoral  plates  are  short,  rather  broad,  especially  out- 
wardly, and  about  twice  as  long  as  broad;  they  do  not  give  off  any 


128  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

process  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate. 
The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  a  little  higher  than  broad.  The  lat- 
eral mouth  papillae,  three  in  number,  are  subequal  and  conical,  with 
the  point  blunted;  their  surface  is  very  rugose  and  provided  with 
small  and  very  closely  crowded  asperities.  The  unpaired  terminal 
papilla  is  a  little  stouter  than  those  on  either  side. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  rather  small,  triangular,  broader  than 
long,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle,  two  straight  sides,  and  an  almost 
straight  distal  border  passing  into  the  preceding  by  rather  sharp 
angles.  All  these  plates  are  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arms 
outward  by  an  interval  which  is  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  elongated,  with  a  very  convex  distal 
border,  which  is  broader  than  the  straight  proximal  border.  The 
following  plates  are  very  broad,  pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse  proxi- 
mal angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  two  sides  slightly  exca- 
vated by  the  tentacle  scale,  and  a  very  broad  strongly  convex  distal 
border.  Beyond  the  disk  these  plates  become  a  little  less  broad,  and 
they  end  by  being  as  broad  as  long;  they  are  separated  beyond  the 
second  by  a  rather  long  interval  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 
On  the  surface  of  these  plates  and  in  their  distal  half  there  may  be 
made  out  a  few  parallel  striae,  which  are,  however,  but  little  marked. 

The  very  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  at  the  base  of 
the  arms  10  arm  spines;  the  two  lateral  columns  come  very  close 
together  in  the  median  line,  though  without  being  continuous.  The 
length  of  the  spines  increases  from  the  first  ventral,  which  is  equal 
to  a  segment  and  a  half,  to  the  last  dorsal,  of  which  the  length  equals 
two  and  a  half  or  three  segments.  These  spines  are  large  and  strong, 
with  their  tips  rounded  and  their  surface  very  rugose;  the  ventral 
spines  even  show  very  fine  and  closely  placed  asperities,  which,  how- 
ever, are  not  worthy  of  the  name  of  teeth. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  rather  large,  elongated,  and  oval,  with 
the  extremity  obtuse  or  rounded;  its  surface  is  very  rugose  and  its 
border  even  shows  more  or  less  marked  fine  asperities.  • 

In  the  alcoholic  specimen  the  disk  has  a  brownish-yellow  color, 
very  light  on  the  dorsal  surface,  and  the  arms  show  light-brown  an- 
nulations  separated  by  longer  uncolored  portions.  To  judge  from 
the  coloration,  O.  suspectus  must  have  come  from  shallow  water. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — I  have  been  much  puzzled  in 
placing  generically  this  unique  specimen,  which  I  have  called 
Ophiophthalmus  suspectus,  for  it  shares  in  its  characters  both  the 
characters  of  the  genus  OphiomitreUa  and  those  of  the  genus 
Ophiophthalmus,  the  first  considered  in  the  restricted  sense  given 
it  by  Matsumoto.  It  recalls  this  genus  in  the  two  lateral  series  of 
arm  spines,  which  come  very  close  together  in  the  dorsal  median 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      129 

line,  but  it  differs  from  it  in  the  slightly  moniliform  arms,  in  the 
large  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  only  slightly  separated  from  each 
other  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  in  the  very  large  and  contiguous 
radial  shields.  O.  suspectus  conversely  approaches  the  genus 
Ophiophthalmiis  in  its  numerous  and  elongated  arm  spines,  in  the 
large  radial  shields  of  which  the  size  is  much  greater  than  that  of 
the  other  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  are  very 
small,  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  being  in  contact  throughout 
almost  their  whole  length,  and  in  the  large  upper  arm  plates.  But 
our  ophiuran  differs  from  the  other  species  of  this  genus  by  the 
character  of  these  same  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  not  in  contact 
on  the  first  arm  segments,  and  in  the  very  closely  crowded  spines  on 
either  side  of  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arm. 

I  have  thought  it  necessary,  however,  to  assign  it  to  the  genus 
Ophiophthal/nius,  with  which  it  certainly  has  more  affinities  than 
with  the  genus  Ophiomitrella.  It  recalls  especially  one  of  the  spe- 
cies assigned  by  Matsumoto  to  the  first  genus — O.  graniferus  (Ophio- 
mitra  granifera  Liitken  and  Mortensen) ;  however,  it  differs  from  it 
in  its  much  longer,  thicker,  and  almost  smooth  spines,  the  two  lateral 
series  coming  closer  together  in  the  median  dorsal  line,  in  the  thick 
adoral  plates,  in  the  broadly  triangular  upper  arm  plates  with  sharp 
angles,  by  the  somewhat  longer  under  arm  plates,  in  the  absence  of 
granules  on  the  free  border  of  the  radial  shields,  as  well  as  on  the 
distal  border  of  the  two  first  upper  arm  plates,  and  in  having  the 
radial  shields  in  contact  throughout  almost  their  whole  length. 

There  is  a  certain  resemblance,  purely  superficial,  however,  between 
O.  suspectus  and  the  new  OpMomitra  which  I  have  described  below 
under  the  name  of  Ophiomitra  dives,  but  there  should  be  no  confusion 
here,  for  in  this  latter  species  the  arm  spines  are  hollow,  the  ventral 
surface  of  the  arms  is  incompletely  calcified,  the  mouth  shields  are 
large  and  especially  extremely  broad,  the  mouth  papillae  are  less 
numerous,  and  the  tentacle  scale  is  larger,  and  there  is  only  a  single 
papilla  at  the  extremity  of  the  jaws. 

OPHIOMELINA,  new  genus. 

Description. — Ophiacanthidae  near  the  genera  Ophiomitrella  Ver- 
rill  and  Opkiophthalmus  Matsumoto,  from  which  it  differs  in  the 
greatly  developed  and  elongated  adoral  plates,  sending  off  a  distal 
lobe  which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  under  arm 
plate.  As  in  the  genus  Opkiopkthalmus,  the  disk  is  covered  with  ir- 
regular, more  or  less  imbricated  plates,  provided  with  club  spines  or 
with  rugose  granules.  The  radial  shields  are  small  and  widely  sepa- 
rated. The  mouth  papillae  are  three  or  four  in  number.  The  upper 
arm  plates,  which  are  very  large,  cover  a  large  part  of  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  arms,  and  are  very  close  together  or  contiguous  on  the 

55269— 22— Bui.  100 9 


130  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

first  arm  segments.  The  rather  numerous  arm  spines  are  elongated, 
fine,  often  echinulated,  and  the  two  lateral  rows  never  come  close 
together  in  the  median  dorsal  line  at  the  base  of  the  arms.  There  is 
a  single  tentacle  scale. 

Notes. — The  type  of  the  genus  Ophiomelina  is  0.  placida,  which  at 
the  time  I  described  it  I  placed  in  the  genus  Ophiomitrella,  and  which 
the  Albatross  has  rediscovered  in  the  Philippines;  the  genus  also  in- 
cludes Ophiomitrella  moniliformis  Kcehler  and  O.  microphylax  H.  L. 
Clark. 

In  1915  H.  L.  Clark  placed  O.  placida  in  the  genus  Ophiacantha, 
but  this  disposition  can  not  be  maintained,  for  in  all  its  characters, 
and  notably  in  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates,  in  the  arm  spines, 
and  in  the  covering  of  the  disk,  this  species  differs  markedly  from 
all  the  known  species  of  Ophiacantha. 

Type  of  the  genus. — Ophiomelina  placida  (Kcehler). 

OPHIOMELINA  PLACIDA  (Kcehler). 

Plate  30,  figs.  8,  9 ;  plate  94,  fig.  3. 

Ophiomitrella  placida  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  137,  pi.  31,  figs.  3,  4. 
Ophiacantha  placida  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  207. 
Ophiophthalmus  placidus  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  106. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  March  Is- 
land bearing  S.  69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles),  distant  (lat.  0° 
37'  00"  N.,  long.  127°  15'  00"  E.) ;  763  meters  (417  fathoms)  :  No- 
vember 27, 1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  55,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5629;  Patiente  Strait  and  southward:  Doworra 
Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  62°  W.  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  50'  00"  S.,  long.  128°  12'  00"  E.) ;  375  meters  (205  fathoms) ; 
December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  53,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5661;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa  bearing  N.  21°  E. 
23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  49'  40"  S.,  long.  120° 
24'  30"  E.) ;  329  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  December  20,  1909:  hrd. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  54,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  from  stations  5618  and  5629  bear  granules 
only  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  (pi.  94,  fig.  3) ;  on  that  from 
station  5661  the  central  region  shows  very  fine  and  very  short  club 
spines  terminated  by  a  few  asperities,  and  these  club  spines  gradually 
transform  into  granules  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5618  the  disk  is  strongly  excavated 
in  the  interradial  spaces,  and  it  is  still  more  so  in  thfc  two  specimens 
from  station  5629,  but  without  enabling  it  to  be  said  that  it  is  really 
notched.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5661,  shown  in  figure  8  on 
plate  30,  it  is  seen  that  in  three  interradii  the  notches  are  continued 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      131 

more  or  less  deeply  over  the  disk,  and  form  grooves  similar  to  those 
which  we  typically  find  in  the  genus  Ophioplinthaca.  However,  these 
interradial  incisions  or  notches  are  not  bounded  by  plates  noticeably 
larger  than  the  others,  and  the  radial  shields  are  likewise  very  small. 
It  is  for  this  reason  that  in  1904  I  placed  this  species  in  the  genus 
Ophiomitrella. 

The  Siboga  discovered  0.  placida  among  the  Sunda  islands  at 
depths  between  204  and  304  meters  (112  to  166  fathoms) ;  in  the  type 
of  the  species  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measured  10  mm. 

OPHIOPLINTHACA  CHELYS  (Wyville  Thomson). 

Plate  19,  figs.  3,  4. 

Ophiacantha  chelys  WYVILLE  THOMSON  ('77),  p.  64,  figs.  16,  17. 
Ophiomitra  chelys  LYMAN  ('77),  p.  152,  pi.  9,  figs.  239-241;  ('82),  p.  205. 
Ophioplinthaca  chelys  KGEHLEB  ('04),  p.  131;  ('07),  p.  294;  ('07a),  p.  324; 
('09),  pi.  193.— II.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  211. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5637;  Bouro  Island  (south)  and 
vicinity;  Amblau  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  80°  E.,  38.92  kilometers 
(21  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  53'  20"  S.,  long.,  126°  48'  00"  E.) ;  1,280 
meters  (TOO  fathoms) ;  December  10,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41060,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5.5  mm. ;  only  three  arms  re- 
main attached  to  the  disk,  a  single  one  being  complete;  it  reaches 
about  25  mm.  in  length. 

The  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  bear  a  few  large  club 
spines  which  are  rather  thick  and  which  broaden  toward  their  ex- 
tremity into  a  disk  bearing  fine  spinules.  In  his  description  Lyman 
says  that  the  plates  of  the  disk  bear  "  short,  blunt,  usually  smooth, 
stumps  or  spines  " ;  but  the  figure  which  he  published  in  1877  (pi. 
9,  fig.  240),  in  which  these  club  spines  are  represented  in  face  view, 
show  that  they  have  a  broadened  extremity  furnished  with  spinules 
quite  comparable  to  those  which  I  observe  in  my  specimen;  these 
club  spines  are  not  numerous. 

I  have  already  described  the  variations  which  may  be  observed  in 
the  form  and  in  the  number  of  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  in  the  specimens  of  0.  chelys  collected  by  the  Siboga  in  the 
Sunda  Archipelago  (Koehler  '04,  p.  131) ;  certain  of  these  specimens 
only  showed  small,  short,  cylindrical  and  smooth  club  spines,  while 
others  bore  large  granules  with  the  extremity  broadened,  identical 
with  those  which  I  find  on  the  Albatross  specimen.5 

The  drawings  of  Wyville  Thomson  and  of  Lyman  are  somewhat 
schematic ;  I  have  thought  it  advisable  to  reproduce  here  two  photo- 
graphs of  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  (pi.  19,  figs.  3,  4). 

6  I  must  correct  a  typographical  error  which  I  notice  in  the  last  line  of  page  131  of 
my  memoir  of  1904.     In  place  of  "  Station  135  "  read  "  Station  227." 


132  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  Challenger  specimens  came  from  the  Atlantic,  and  were 
captured  between  25°-30°  N.  latitude  and  18°-20°  W.  longitude,  at 
a  depth  of  2,055  to  2,789  meters  (1,124  to  1,525  fathoms).  The 
Travailleur  and  Talisman  expeditions  found  O.  chelys  in  39°  N. 
latitude  and  12°  W.  longitude,  in  3,307  meters  (1,814  fathoms).  The 
Siboga  met  with  0.  chelys  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  between  2°  N. 
latitude  and  4°  S.  latitude  and  125°-127°  E.  longitude,  at  depths 
varying  from  1,165  to  2,081  meters  (637  to  1,141  fathoms).  The 
species  therefore  appears  to  have  a  rather  extensive  geographical 
range  and  always  to  occur  in  deep  water. 

OPHIOPLINTHACA  GLOBATA,  new  species. 

Plate  24,  figs.  7,  8 ;  plate  25,  figs.  1-8 ;  plate  94,  fig.  6. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5119 ;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  35.02  kilometers  (18.9 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  45'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  30'  30"  E.) ;  721  meters 
(394  fathoms) ;  January  21,  1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Eight  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  71,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Malabrigo  Light 
bearing  N.  44°  W.,  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  12' 
45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'  45"  E.) ;  518  meters  (283  fathoms) ;  February 
2,  1908  ;gn.  M. 

Some  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5187;  Tanon  Strait,  east  coast  of  Negros;  Apo 
Island  bearing  S.  21°  W.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  16'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  21'  15"  E.) ;  411  meters  (225  fathoms)  : 
March  31,  1908;  sft.  gn.  M. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  78,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5201;  Sogod  Bay,  southern  Leyte  Island;  Lima- 
saua  Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  1°  E.,  27.43  kilometers  (14.8  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  10°  10'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  04'  15"  E.)  ;  1,013  meters  (554 
fathoms) ;  April  10,  1908 ;  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  79,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5219 ;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon ;  Mompog 
Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  35°  30'  W.,  22.70  kilometers  (12.25  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  21'  00"  N.,  long.  122°  45'  00"  E.) ;  969  meters  (530 
fathoms) ;  April  23,  1908;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5348;  Palawan  Passage;  Point  Tabonan  bearing 
S.  89°  E.,  62.08  kilometers  (33.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  10°  57'  45"  N., 
long.  118°  38'  15"  E.) ;  686  meters  (375  fathoms) ;  December  27, 
1908 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  69,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5374. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  70,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      133 

Albatross  station  5377;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Mompog 
Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  55°  W.,  16.68  kilometers  (9  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  26'  00"  N.,  long.  122°  19'  00"  E.) ;  732  meters  (400  fath- 
oms) ;  March  4,  1909 ;  sft.  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  73,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  8. 
11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N.,  long. 
121°  11'  00"  E.);  929  meters  (508  fathoms);  March  31,  1909;  gy. 
M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  76,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5424;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S. 
lle  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  05"  N.,  long. 
121°  12'  37"  E.)  ;  622  meters  (340  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909;  co.  S. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5444;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  65°  E., 
9.45  kilometers  (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  43'  51"  N.,  long.  124° 
58'  50"  E.) ;  563  meters  (308  fathoms) ;  June  3,  1909;  gn.  M. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  72,  E.  77,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5510;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  68°  E.,  16.86  kilometers  (9.1  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  16'  00"  N.,long.  124°  03' 50"  E.) ;  774 meters  (423  fathoms)  ; 
August  7,  1909;  gy.  M.,  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  74,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5511;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  28.35  kilometers  (15.3  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  15'  20"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  00"  E.) ;  750  meters  (410  fathoms) ; 
August  7,  1909 ;  gy.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  68,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5656 ;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Olang  Point  bearing 
N.  67°  W.,  26.87  kilometers  (14.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  17'  40"  S., 
long.  120°  36'  45"  E.) ;  885  meters  (484  fathoms) ;  December  19, 
1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  75,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — I  shall  describe  this  species  on  the  basis  of  one  of 
the  specimens  from  station  5123,  which  is  represented  in  figure  8  on 
plate  25,  as  well  as  from  the  specimen  from  .station  5219,  which  is 
represented  in  figures  6,  7.  I  also  give  photographs  of  the  individ- 
uals from  station  5656  (pi.  25,  figs.  1,  2),  as  well  as  of  the  ventral 
surface  of  one  of  those  from  station  5444  (fig.  3)  and  another  from 
station  4523  (figs.  4,  5)  ;  one  of  the  young  specimens  from  station 
5187,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  4  mm.,  is  figured  on 
plate  24  (figs.  7,  8). 


134          BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  in  adult  specimens  varies  between  10  mm. 
and  15  mm.,  and  the  arms  may  reach  a  length  of  from  120  mm.  to 
140  mm. 

The  disk  is  thick,  more  or  less  strongly  excavated  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces;  the  radial  regions,  on  the  other  hand,  are  projecting. 
Interradial  incisions  more  or  less  deep  are  seen  on  the  border  of  the 
disk  and  continue  over  the  dorsal  surface  in  the  form  of  more  or  less 
marked  depressions.  These  depressions,  however,  are  not  absolutely 
constant,  and  they  only  occur,  so  to  speak,  in  the  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5123  figured  in  figure  8  on  plate  25.  The  dorsal  surface  is  cov- 
ered between  the  radial  shields  with  numerous  irregularly  polygonal 
plates  which  are  small  and  crowded  in  the  central  region  becoming 
larger  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  These  plates  attain  their 
largest  dimensions  toward  the  interradial  incisions,  but  without 
being  noticeable  for  any  great  size,  as  is  ordinarily  the  case  in  the 
genus  0 phioplinthaca.  They  are  provided  with  formations  which 
vary  between  simple  granulations  and  rather  strong  and  elongated 
spines.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5129  (fig.  7)  the  central  part 
of  the  disk  shows  small,  short,  conical  and  closely  crowded  club 
spines,  terminated  by  two  or  three  very  short  spinules,  these  club 
spines  becoming  thicker  and  less  crowded,  and  passing  progressively 
into  slightly  elongated  granules  the  size  of  which  increases  toward 
the  periphery  of  the  disk,  and  the  edges  of  the  radial  shields.  In  the 
specimen  from  station  5123,  shown  in  figure  8,  the  small  club  spines 
of  the  central  region  preserve  their  character  of  club  spines  in  ap- 
proaching the  periphery,  simply  becoming  here  a  little  larger  and 
conical.  In  the  other  specimens  from  station  5123  granules  may  be 
observed  to  pass  gradually  into  small  spines.  Thus  in  the  specimen 
represented  in  figure  4  there  occurs  a  mixture  of  rather  elongated 
spines  and  of  granules  of  variable  dimensions,  the  latter  smooth,  the 
former  terminated  by  small  spinules.  In  the  specimen  from  station 
5656,  shown  in  figure  2,  there  is  scarcely  anything  to  be  seen  except 
a  few  spines  which  are  thick  and  rather  long,  furnished  on  their 
borders  with  rather  strong  denticulations. 

In  figure  6  on  plate  94 1  show  the  different  formations  which  I  have 
met  with  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk — rounded  and  simply 
rugose  granules,  small  and  short  club  spines  furnished  at  their  ex- 
tremity with  a  few  short  spinules,  larger  club  spines  provided  with 
numerous  spinules,  elongated  club  spines  terminated  solely  by  two 
or  three  much  developed  points,  and  lastly  true  spines. 

The  radial  shields  are  rather  small,  elongated,  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  oval,  or  triangular  with  the  angles  rounded.  They  are  slightly 
divergent  in  their jproximal  portion,  and  remain  separated  for  their 
whole  length  by  an  interval  which  is  equal  to  almost  half  their  width. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      135 

Their  length  is  less  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  In  the  specimen 
from  station  5656,  represented  in  figure  2  on  plate  25,  these  shields, 
instead  of  being  elongated,  are  broadly  oval  and  scarcely  half  again 
as  long  as  broad.  But  in  the  specimen  from  station  5123,  shown  in 
figure  8,  certain  shields  are  much  elongated  and  very  narrow^  three 
times  as  long  as  broad,  while  others  are  shorter  and  more  broadened. 
Intermediate  forms  occur  in  the  specimens  shown  in  figures  4  and  7. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered 
with  polygonal  plates  which  are  rounded  and  unequal,  and  only  bear 
a  few  rare  spherical  granules  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  The 
genital  slits  are  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small,  lozenge-shaped,  broader  than  long, 
with  the  four  sides  almost  equal.  The  proximal  angle  is  obtuse; 
the  distal  angle  is  also  obtuse,  but  much  rounded,  and  sometimes  it  is 
prolonged  into  a  small  rounded  lobe;  the  two  rather  acute  lateral 
angles  are  also  slightly  rounded.  Sometimes  the  distal  angle  of  these 
shields  is  so  obtuse  and  rounded  that  it  disappears  altogether,  and 
the  mouth  shields  then  become  triangular  with  the  distal  border  more 
or  less  convex ;  this  occurs  in  the  specimen  from  station  5656  repre- 
sented in  figure  1  and  somewhat  less  marked  in  that  from  station 
5444  (fig.  3).  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are 
slightly  recurved  and  crescentic,  about  two  and  a  half  times  as  long 
as  broad,  and  not  broadened  outwardly.  The  oral  plates  are  rather 
high  and  triangular.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  usually  three 
in  number,  and  sometimes  four ;  they  are  conical,  strong,  and  pointed ; 
there  is  in  addition  a  very  reduced  papilla  inserted  at  the  angle  be- 
tween the  adoral  plate  and  the  first  under  arm  plate.  Between  this 
last  and  the  third  papilla  there  is  a  little  group  of  from  four  to  six 
rounded  and  closely  crowded  granules,  of  which  the  number  and  the 
development  varies  with  the  individuals ;  these  granules  are  also  more 
or  less  apparent,  depending  doubtless  on  the  contraction  or  extension 
of  the  neighboring  parts.  The  papilla  which  is  inserted  on  the  first 
under  arm  plate  is  very  often  confused  with  these  rounded  granules. 
This  structure  is  quite  identical  with  that  which  H.  L.  Clark  has 
described  and  figured  in  Ophiomitra  bytkiaspis,  and  which  I  also 
found  in  Ophioplmthaca  pulchra.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is 
conical  and  a  little  stouter  than  those  on  either  side. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large  and  strongly  convex,  triangular, 
with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle,  a  rounded  distal 
border,  and  rather  sharp  lateral  angles;  these  plates  are  a  little 
broader  than  long,  and  they  are  usually  separated  from  the  base  of 
the  arms  outward  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  triangular  or  pentagonal,  with 
the  distal  angle  bounded  by  two  short  sides  which  are  almost  as  long 


136  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

as  broad.  The  following  plates  are  large,  and  especially  very  broad, 
almost  twice  as  long  as  broad,  pentagonal,  with  the  proximal  angle 
very  obtuse  and  formed  by  two  short,  slightly  excavated  sides;  the 
lateral  borders  are  divergent  and  very  strongly  excavated  by  the  ten- 
tacle pores;  the  distal  side  is  somewhat  convex.  These  plates  are 
very  widely  separated  by  a  space  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

These  last  are  very  strongly  projecting  in  their  distal  part,  which 
forms  a  very  marked  rim  on  which  are  inserted  the  arm  spines. 
These  number  six  or  seven  at  the  base  of  the  arm.  The  length  of 
the  four  ventral  spines  increases  very  gradually  from  the  first,  which 
is  almost  as  long  as  the  segment ;  the  three  others  on  the  dorsal  side 
are  very  much  longer,  and,  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  the  length  of  the 
sixth  and  the  seventh  may  reach  five  segments;  sometimes  the  last 
spine  is  a  little  shorter  than  that  preceding.  The  four  ventral  spines 
are  provided  with  rather  strong  and  closely  set  denticulations ;  the 
other  spines  are  less  strongly  denticulated. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  single  and  of  large  size.  It  is  especially  large 
on  the  first  segment,  where  it  is  oval  or  rounded,  and  sometimes  it  is 
doubled  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair;  the  size  gradually  diminishes 
on  the  three  or  four  following  segments,  and  it  then  becomes  lanceo- 
late, while  at  the  same  time  its  borders  become  furnished  with  den- 
ticulations, usually  very  marked,  which  cause  it  to  be  more  or  less 
strongly  spiniferous.  In  certain  individuals  it  tapers  more  rapidly 
than  in  others,  but  it  is  always  much  elongated.  Sometimes,  instead 
of  tapering  in  its  distal  half,  it  remains  very  broad,  and  even  a  little 
broader  than  at  the  base;  this  occurs,  for  example,  in  the  specimen 
from  station  5219,  shown  in  figure  6. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Because  of  the  occurrence  of  a 
group  of  granules,  replacing  the  last  lateral  mouth  papilla  and  in- 
serted on  the  adoral  plate,  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  form  of  the 
upper  and  under  arm  plates,  0  phioplinthaca  globata  approaches  O. 
bythiaspis  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  ('11,  p.  185),  which  was  found 
in  Japan  at  a  depth  of  1,724  meters  (943  fathoms).  It  differs  from 
it,  however,  in  the  form  of  the  radial  shields,  which  are  broader  and 
closer  together  in  each  pair,  and  especially  are  not  sunken;  I  have, 
however,  had  occasion  to  note  above  that  the  radial  shields  of  O. 
globata  are  sometimes  longer  and  narrower  than  usual  (the  individual 
from  station  5123,  shown  in  figure  8).  The  arm  spines  are  more 
numerous,  and  the  dorsal  spines  especially  are  much  longer  than  in 
O.  bythiaspis;  the  mouth  shields  are  broader  than  long,  and  the 
under  arm  plates  are  more  elongated;  lastly,  the  tentacle  scale  is 
also  more  developed,  or  at  least  so  it  seems  to  me.  It  is  possible, 
however,  that  the  radial  shields,  much  sunken  in  O.  bythiaspis  do 
not  constitute  a  specific  character,  as  that  feature,  noted  by  H.  L. 
Clark,  was  seen  only  on  a  single  specimen.  But  at  present  I  do  not 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      137 

believe  myself  justified  in  uniting  my  species  with  0.  ~bythiaspis, 
from  which,  moreover,  it  differs  in  the  other  ways  I  have  just  indi- 
cated. 

In  O.  plicata,  Lyman  has  also  shown  a  group  of  granules  between 
the  last  and  the  penultimate  mouth  papillae  ('79,  fig.  233),  but4hese 
granules  possibly  do  not  occur  in  the  adult ;  at  least,  Lyman  does  not 
mention  them  and  has  not  shown  them  in  his  figure  in  the  Challenger 
report  ('82,  pi.  10,  fig.  7) ;  in  any  case,  0.  globc/ita  can  not  be  confused 
with  O.  plicata. 

I  shall  have  occasion  further  on  to  describe  in  0.  pulchra  the 
presence  of  a  small  group  of  granules  identical  with  those  of  which 
I  have  just  spoken,  and  which  replace  the  penultimate  mouth  papilla. 
But  O.  glolata  differs  from  O.  pulchra  in  the  armature  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk,  which  is  entirely  different,  in  the  very  much 
smaller4  and  always  separated  radial  shields,  in  the  also  smaller 
mouth  shields,  which  are  broader  than  long  and  without  the  distal 
lobe  always  developed  in  O.  puchra,  and  which  projects  strongly  into 
the  interradial  space ;  furthermore,  the  under  arm  plates  are  widely 
separated,  the  arm  spines  are  longer,  etc. 

I  shall  give  further  on  the  characters  separating  O.  globata  from 
O.  hastata,  which  I  am  describing  below. 

OPHIOPLINTHACA  HASTATA,  new  species. 

Plate  18,  figs.  6,  7,  and  8 ;  plate  94,  fig.  7. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5281;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  ol 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  84°  W.,  7.97 
kilometers  (4.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  52'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  25'  00" 
E.;  368  meters  (201  fathoms) ;  July  18,  1908;  dk.  gy.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41003,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5586;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity;  Sipa- 
dan  Island  (M.)  bearing  W.,  17.42  kilometers  (9.4  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  4°  06'  50"  N7.,  long.  118°  47'  20"  E.;  635  meters  (347 
fathoms) ;  September  28,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41002  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — I  shall  describe  this  species  from  the  specimen  from 
station  5586,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7  mm.  and  the 
arms  are  about  30  mm.  long,  only  two  being  preserved  entire. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  In  the  interradial  spaces  it  shows  very 
marked  incisions,  which,  however,  are  a  little  less  deep  than  in  the  ma- 
jority of  the  other  species  of  the  genus  Ophioplinthaca. 

The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  rather  large  imbricated  plates, 
each  surrounded  by  a  fairly  regular  border  of  very  much  smaller 
plates.  Along  the  radial  incisions  there  is  a  row  of  distinct  plates, 
but  these  are  not  larger  than  the  others.  Each  of  the  large  plates 


138  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

carries  a  large  and  thick  club  spine,  which  broadens  toward  its  ex- 
tremity into  a  head  bristling  with  rather  closely  crowded  spinules, 
the  cylindrical  stem  being  simply  rugose  (pi.  94,  fig.  7).  The  length 
of  these  club  spines  is  equal  to  four  times  their  thickness.  In  my 
specimen  very  many  of  the  plates  have  lost  the  club  spines,  but  it  is 
easy  to  recognize  the  mark  representing  their  insertion.  These  club 
spines  also  occur  on  the  plates  which  separate  the  two  radial  shields 
of  each  pair,  and  some  even  pass  onto  the  first  upper  arm  plate ;  they 
become  a  little  smaller  and  more  slender  toward  the  periphery  of  the 
disk.  The  radial  shields  are  relatively  rather  small,  triangular, 
almost  as  broad  as  long,  and  divergent;  they  are  close  together, 
though  not  in  contact  in  their  distal  portion;  these  shields  are  less 
developed  than  in  the  majority  of  the  species  of  the  genus  Ophio- 
plinthaoa. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  in  the  interradial  spaces 
by  imbricated  plates,  the  majority  of  which  bear  a  spine  which  is  a 
little  narrower  than  those  on  the  dorsal  surface,  and  which  are  also 
found  on  the  plates  bordering  the  mouth  shields.  The  genital  slits 
are  rather  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  have  a  lance-head  form,  with  a  very  sharp  and 
produced  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  very  concave  sides;  the 
lateral  angles  are  very  sharp  and  produced,  the  two  distal  sides  are 
shorter  than  the  two  others  and  they  pass  into  each  other  over  a 
rounded  angle.  The  adoral  plates  are  not  very  large ;  they  are  much 
broadened  outwardly  and  gradually  narrow  toward  the  median  in- 
terradial line  along  which  they  are  in  contact  by  their  internal  an- 
gles. The  oral  plates  are  small;  the  lateral  mouth  papillae,  four  in 
number,  are  rather  stout  and  thick;  the  two  external  papillae  are 
approximately  cylindrical,  and  slightly  swollen  at  their  strongly 
rounded  tip;  the  two  others  are  more  conical  in  shape,  with  the 
point  blunted.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  a  little  more  elon- 
gated than  those  on  either  side.  All  these  papillae  have  their  surface 
very  rugose,  or  even  provided  with  extremely  fine  and  closely  set  spi- 
nules.  An  additional  very  small  papilla  is  inserted  at  the  external 
angle  of  the  first  under  arm  plate.  Between  this  and  the  external 
mouth  papilla  there  is  a  small  group  of  granules  identical  with 
that  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  described  in  O.  bythiaspis,  and  which  I 
have  found  myself  in  O.  globata,  as  I  have  just  said,  as  well  as  in 
O.  pulchra.  This  little  group  of  granules  is  only  slightly  evident  in 
this  individual;  it  is  better  indicated  in  the  specimen  from  station 
5280. 

The  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular,  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  with  an  acute  proximal  angle,  slightly  con- 
vex sides,  and  a  gently  rounded  distal  border.  Beyond  the  second 
they  are  separated  by  a  very  narrow  interval. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      139 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  triangular,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  a  convex  distal  border.  The  second  is  quadrangular, 
broader  than  long,  with  a  narrow  proximal  border,  very  diverging 
sides  strongly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores,  and  a  very  broad  and 
convex  distal  border  with  the  lateral  angles  very  sharp.  The  follow- 
ing become  pentagonal  on  account  of  the  resolution  of  the  proximal 
border  into  two  short  sides  united  by  a  very  obtuse  angle.  Beyond 
the  second  these  plates  are  separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  only  slightly,  bear  seven  strong 
cylindrical  spines,  rounded  at  their  tip,  with  a  very  rugose  surface; 
but  the  asperities,  which  are  very  small  and  very  closely  crowded, 
are  only  visible  under  the  microscope.  Their  length  increases  from 
the  first  ventral  spine,  which  is  a  little  longer  than  the  segment,  to  the 
last  dorsal,  which  is  as  long  as  three  segments. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  very  large  and  very  broad,  oval,  and  almost 
as  long  as  the  segment,  with  a  rounded  distal  border;  its  surface  is 
very  rugose.  The  tentacle  pores  of  the  first  pair  bear  two  scales,  but 
on  those  following  the  scale  is  always  single. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  entirely  white. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5280  the  disk  reaches  only  6  mm.  in 
diameter ;  the  arms  are  broken  off  near  the  base.  It  differs  from  the 
type  specimen  which  I  have  just  described  in  having  the  radial  shields 
relatively  smaller,  and  in  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk,  which  is  composed  of  more  slender  and  more  elongated  spines ; 
furthermore,  the  interradial  incisions  are  very  much  deeper.  The 
tentacle  scale  is  very  well  developed ;  it  is  as  long  as  in  the  type  speci- 
men, but  a  little  narrower ;  the  proximal  angle  of  the  mouth  shields 
is  a  little  less  elongated. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophioplinthaca  hastata  may  be 
assigned  to  the  genus  Ophioplinthaca,  although  it  differs  from  the 
other  species  of  this  genus  by  the  less  deep  interradial  incisions  and  in 
its  radial  shields,  which  are  smaller  and  shorter  than  usual.  In  this 
respect  it  recalls  0.  globata,  which  I  have  described  above,  and  it 
stands,  like  that  form,  on  the  dividing  line  between  the  genera  Ophio- 
plinthaca and  Ophiomitrella;  however,  it  is  sharply  distinguished 
from  O.  globata  by  the  very  much  larger  plates  of  the  disk,  by  the  very 
small  radial  shields,  by  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  by  the  develop- 
ment of  the  tentacle  scale,  etc. 

Ophioplinthaca  hastata  is  rather  close  to  O.  citata  Koehler,  discov- 
ered by  the  Siboga,  but  it  is  distinguished  from  it  by  its  very  much 
shorter  and  somewhat  broader  radial  shields,  by  the  form  of  the 
mouth  shields,  and  by  the  very  much  larger  tentacle  scale,  which  is 
doubled  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair.  It  is  equally  well  distinguished 
from  O.  mcina  Koehler  by  the  shorter  and  smaller  radial  shields, 


140  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

which  are  divergent  and  not  in  contact,  by  the  form  of  the  mouth 
shields,  by  the  larger  and  longer  under  arm  plates,  etc. 

OPHIOPLINTHACA  PULCHRA  Koehler. 

Plate  30,  figs.  1-7 ;  plate  94,  fig.  5. 

Ophioplinthacu  pulchra  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  125,  pi.  27,  figs.  5-8.— H.  L.  CLARK 

('15),  p.  211. 
Ophioplinthaca  mitis  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  127,  pi.  25,  figs.  1-3. — H.  L.  CLARK 

('15),  p.  211. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5280;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  60°  W.,  11.3 
kilometers  (6.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  55'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  25'  55" 
E.)  ;  353  meters  (193  fathoms) ;  July  17,  1908;  gy.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  102,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5527;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands;  Bali- 
casag  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  15.20  kilometers  (8.2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  22'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  42'  40"  E.) ;  717  meters  (392 
fathoms) ;  August  11,  1909;  glob.  Oz. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  103,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5577;  north  of  Tawi  Tawi;  Mount  Dromedario 
bearing  S.  9°  W.,  20.20  kilometers  (10.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  20' 
36"  N.,  long.  119°  58'  51"  E.) ;  439  meters  (240  fathoms) ;  Septem- 
ber 23,  1909 ;  crs.  S. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41061,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5629;  Patiente  Strait  and  southward;  Doworra 
Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  62°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  50'  00"  S.,  long.  128°  12'  00"  E.) ;  375  meters  (205  fathoms) ; 
December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S. 

Two  specimens,  of  which  one  is  small  (Cat.  No.  E.  101,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5661 ;  Flores  Sea ;  Cape  Lassa  bearing  N.  21°  E.. 
23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  49'  40"  S.,  long.  120° 
24'  30"  E.) ;  329  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  December  20,  1909;  hrd. 

One  large  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  100,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5664;  Macassar  Strait;  Kapoposang  Light  bear- 
ing N.  66°  E.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  43'  22"  S., 
long.  118°  53'  18"  E.) ;  732  meters  (400  fathoms);  December  28, 
1909  ;h»d. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41059,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  examination  of  the  series  of  specimens  collected  by  the 
Albatross  has  convinced  me  that  there  is  no  reason  for  maintaining 
the  distinction  between  Ophioplinthaca  mitis  and  0.  pulchra,  both 
of  which  I  described  in  1904  from  the  Siboga  collection,  in  which 
certain  intermediates  which  I  find  in  the  Albatross  collection  were 
lacking. 


OPHIURANS  01?  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      141 

I  described  0.  pulchra  from  specimens  in  which  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  did  not  exceed  11  mm.,  and  0.  mitis  from  specimens  of  large 
size  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reached  18  mm.  I  distin- 
guished O.  mitis  especially  by  the  characters  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk,  which  is  covered  by  numerous  plates  provided  with 
rounded,  smooth,  small,  and  crowded  granules,  by  the  relatively 
smaller  radial  shields,  by  the  more  numerous  arm  spines,  by  the  also 
more  numerous  mouth  papillae,  and  by  the  tentacle  pores  of  the  first 
pair,  which  are  furnished  with  two  scales.  But  if  the  differences 
in  the  armature  of  the  disk  were  well  marked  in  the  Siboga  speci- 
mens, it  is  by  no  means  the  same  in  those  of  the  Albatross,  and  it  is 
impossible  for  me  to  separate  the  smaller  specimens  having  more 
or  less  the  characters  of  0.  pulchra  from  the  larger  in  which  the 
characters  are  those  of  0.  mitis. 

I  do  not  find  in  the  Albatross  collection  any  specimens  with  gran- 
ules quite  so  large  as  in  those  from  /Siboga  station  297,  of  which 
I  figured  one  in  1904  ('04,  pi.  27,  fig.  6).  It  is  on  one  of  the  two 
individuals  from  station  5280,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
9  mm.,  that  I  find  the  largest  granules;  I  give  here  a  photograph 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  this  specimen  (pi.  30,  fig.  3).  These  granules 
are  shown  separately  and  more  enlarged  in  figure  5a,  plate  94.  It 
may  be  seen  that  their  surface  is  simply  rugose.  I  also  show  for 
comparison  in  figure  5&  a  granule  from  one  of  the  Siboga  specimens 
which  is  a  little  larger  than  the  preceding  and  on  which  the  asperi- 
ties are  very  much  stronger.  In  the  other  specimen  from  the  same 
station,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  a  little  greater  (9.5  mm.) , 
the  granules  are  very  much  smaller  and  more  numerous  (pi.  30,  fig. 
5)  ;  the  dorsal  surface  recalls  my  figure  published  in  1904  (pi.  27, 
fig.  5) ,  but  with  the  granules  a  little  more  numerous.  It  is  the  same 
with  the  specimen  from  station  5527  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  9  mm.  In  the  smaller  specimens  from  stations  5664,  5577,  and 
5629,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  6  mm.  and  7 
mm.,  the  granules  are  a  little  less  large  than  in  the  first  specimen 
from  station  5280. 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  size  of  the  granules  decreases  with 
age;  this  I  have  already  emphasized  in  my  description  of  O.  pulchra 
('04,  p.  126). 

As  for  the  two  larger  specimens  from  stations  5629  and  5661,  in 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches,  respectively,  14  mm.  and 
15  mm.,  they  are  identical  with  those  from  the  Siboga  collection 
which  I  made  the  types  of  O.  mitis;  this  last  was  merely  a  little 
larger,  the  diameter  reaching  18  mm.  These  two  specimens  also  do 
not  differ  much  from  the  larger  specimen  from  station  5280  repre- 
sented in  figure  5  on  plate  30,  except  that  the  granules  of  the  dorsal 


142  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

surface  have  become  more  numerous.  The  examination  of  a  series 
of  specimens  such  as  those  of  which  I  give  photographs  here  (pi. 
30,  figs.  1,  3,  5),  which  represent  two  individuals  from  station  5280 
and  a  larger  one  from  station  5661,  clearly  show  that  we  have  to  do 
with  only  a  single  species. 

The  other  characters  which  I  invoked  to  separate  O.  mitis  from 
0.  pulchra,  taken  from  the  radial  shields,  the  mouth  papillae,  the 
arm  spines,  and  the  double  tentacle  scale  on  the  pores  of  the  first 
pair,  are  very  well  explained  by  the  differences  in  the  size  and  age 
of  the  subjects.  As  for  the  number  of  the  tentacle  scales,  it  is  not 
always  constant.  Thus  in  the  largest  specimen  from  station  5280 
(fig.  6)  I  find  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair  sometimes  a  single  scale 
and  sometimes  two  smaller  scales.  In  the  large  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5661  (pi.  30,  fig.  2)  there  is  only  a  single  tentacle  scale  on  the 
pores  of  the  first  pair,  but  this  scale  is  very  large ;  on  the  other  hand, 
the  number  two  is  constant  in  the  Siboga  specimens  with  a  disk 
diameter  of  18  mm.  (fig.  7).  This  character  therefore  can  not  be 
utilized  for  specific  differentiation. 

It  may  be  noticed  that  on  the  individual  from  station  5661,  shown 
in  figure  2,  the  arrangement  of  the  mouth  papillae  is  a  little  irregu- 
lar; there  are  sometimes  four  and  sometimes  five  on  either  side;  in 
this  connection  I  must  recall  a  characteristic  of  O.  pulchra  which 
struck  me  in  1904.  As  may  be  seen  on  the  photographs  of  the  speci- 
men from  station  5661  (fig.  2)  and  of  the  two  specimens  from  sta- 
tion 5280  (figs.  4,  6),  there  is  found,  between  the  outer  mouth 
papilla,  which  is  more  broadened  than  those  preceding,  and  the  first 
under  arm  plate  a  small  group  of  rounded  and  crowded  granules, 
from  four  to  six  in  each  group,  which  are  somewhat  unequal  and  of 
which  the  outlines  are  not  very  well  brought  out.  These  granules 
are  usually  very  much  more  apparent  in  the  large  specimens,  and  they 
are  more  difficult  to  detect  in  the  small,  where  they  remain  very 
slightly  developed ;  it  is  even  necessary  to  be  aware  of  their  presence 
to  recognize  them,  and  it  is  only  in  the  small  individual  from  station 
5280,  a  photograph  of  which  is  given  here  (fig.  4),  that  they  appear 
at  all  clearly. 

These  granules  are  analogous  to  those  which  I  have  noted  in  O. 
globata  and  in  0.  hastata  and  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  found  in  O. 
bytkiaspis. 

OPHIOPLINTHACA  RUDIS  (Koehler). 

Plate  24,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  96,  fig.  1. 

See  for  bibliography  : 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  132. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  211. 
Localities. — Albatross  station  5124;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Point 
Origon  (N.)  bearing  S.  56°  E.,  38.45  kilometers  (20.75  miles)  distant 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      143 

(lat.   12°   52'  00"   N.,  long.   121°   48'   30"   E.) ;   514  meters    (281 
fathoms) ;  February  2,  1908 ;  sf t.  gn.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  272,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5201;  Sogod  Bay,  southern  Leyte  Island;  Lima- 
saua  Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  1°  E.,  27.43  kilometers  (14.8  miles) 
distant  (lat,  10°  10'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  04'  15"  E.)  ;  1,013  nieteTs 
(554  fathoms) ;  April  10, 1908;  gy.  S.,  M. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  247,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5203;  Sogod  Bay,  southern  Leyte  Island;  Lima- 
saua  Island  ('S.)  bearing  S.  38°  W.,  10.2  kilometers  (5.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  9°  58'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  07'  40"  E.) ;  1,417  meters  (775 
fathoms) ;  April  10,  1908;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  254,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5236;  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  east  coast  of  Min- 
danao; Magabao  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  85°  W.,  16.86  kilometers 
(9.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  50'  45"  N.,  long.  126°  26'  52"  E.) ;  903 
meters  (494  fathoms) ;  May  11,  1908 ;  fne.  gy.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  268,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5376;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  53°  W.,  34.65  meters  (18.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  42'  50"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  30"  E.) ;  165  meters  (90  fathoms) ; 
March  2,  1909;  gy.  M.,  S.  (m.  b.). 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N., 
Jong.  121°  11'  00"  E.)  ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909; 
gy.  M.,  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  261,  E.  275,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5424;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  05"  N., 
long.  121°  12'  37"  E.) ;  622  meters  (340  fathoms) ;  March  31,  1909: 
co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.'E.  273,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5444. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  257,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5445 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon ;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  56°  E.. 
9.82  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44'  42"  N.,  long.  124° 
59'  50"  E.);  700  meters  (383  fathoms);  June  3,  1909;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Eleven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  250,  E.  263,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5450. 

Twelve  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  258,  E.  270,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5467 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon ;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  79°  W.,  4.63 


144  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

kilometers  (2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  35'  27"  N.,  long.  123°  37' 
18"  E.)  ;  878  meters  (480  fathoms)  ;  June  18,  1909;  gy.  M.  (m.  b.). 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41333,  E.  32,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5468;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino 
Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  83°  W., 
10.6  kilometers  (5.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  35'  39"  N.,  long.  123° 
40'  28"  E.  ;  1,041  meters  (569  fathoms);  June  18,  1909;  gn.  M. 
(m.b.). 

Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5470;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  68°  W.,  12.42 
kilometers  (6.7  miles)  distant  (lat,  13°  37'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  41' 
09"  E.)  ;  1,024  meters  (560  fathoms)  ;  June  18,  1909;  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  252,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5471 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Sialat  Point  Light  bearing  N.  71°  E.,  27.80 
kilometers  (15  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  34'  57"  N.,  long.  123°  47' 
06"  E.) ;  1,039  meters  (568  fathoms) ;  June  19,  1909. 

Nine  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  267,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5487 ;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao ;  San  Ricardo 
Point  (Panaon  Island)  bearing  S.  50°  E.,  20.76  kilometers  (11.2 
miles)  distant  (lat.  10°  02'  45"  N.,  long.  125°  05'  33"  E.)  ;  1,339 
meters  (732  fathoms) ;  July  31,  1909;  gn.  M. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  249,  E.  264,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5488;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao;  San  Ricardo 
Point  (Panaon  Island)  bearing  S.  59°  E.,  16.68  kilometers  (9  miles) 
distant  (lat.  10°  00'  00",  long.  125°  06'  45"  E.) ;  1,412'  meters 
(772  fathoms) ;  July  31,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  hundred  and  six  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  278,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5492;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao;  Diuata 
Point  (W.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  28.17  kilometers  (15.2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  125°  20'  00"  E.)  ;  1,344  meters  (735 
fathoms) ;  August  1,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41058,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5515;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  26°  E.,  45.59  kilometers  (24.6  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat,  8°  34'  48"  N.,  long.  124°  01'  24"  E.) ;  August  8,  1909. 

Ten  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  260,  E.  277,  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

Albatross  station  5576. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  31,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5605. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  35,  E.  265,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5606. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  256,  E.  274,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      145 

Albatross  station  5610;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Batu  Daka 
Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  87°  W.,  38.73  kilometers  (20.9  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  36'  00"  S.,  long.  121°  01'  00"  E.) :  1,240  meters  (678 
fathoms) ;  November  19,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  33,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5617;  Dodinga  Bay,  Gillolo  Island;  Ternate 
Island  (SE.)  bearing  'S.  45°  W.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  49'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  25'  30"  E.) ;  239  meters  (131  fath- 
oms) ;  November  27,  1909. 

Ten  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  276,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  bearing 
S.  69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  37'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  15'  00"  E.) ;  762  meters  (417  fathoms) ;  November  27, 
1909;  gy.  M. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  255,  E.  259,  E.  271,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5621;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  54°  W.,  5.56  kilometers  (3  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  15'  00"  N.,  long.  127°  24'  35"  E.) ;  November  28, 
1909  ;gy.  and  bk.  S.  (m.  b.) 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  34,  U.  S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5631;  south  of  Patiente  Strait;  Doworra  Island 
(N.)  bearing  N.  58°  E.,  19.46  kilometers  (10.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  57'  00"  S.,  long.  127°  56'  00"  E.) ;  1,480  meters  (809  fathoms) ; 
December  2,  1909;  gn.  M.  (in  net). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  30,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms) ;  December  16, 
1909;  gn.  M. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  248,  E.  262,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5654;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  C.  Tabako  bearing 
N.  17°  E..  39.84  kilometers  (21.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  42'  00"  S., 
long.  120°  45'  50"  E.) ;  1,472  meters  (805  fathoms) ;  December  18, 
1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  253,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5656;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Olang  Point  bear- 
ing N.  67°  W.,  26.87  kilometers  (14.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  17'  40" 
S.,  long.  120°  36'  45"  E.)  ;  885  meters  (484  fathoms)  ;  December  19, 
1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  266,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5657;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes:  Olang  Point  bear- 
ing N.  67°  W.,  28.73  kilometers  (15.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  19'  40"  S., 
long.  120°  36'  30"  E.)  ;  900  meters  (492  fathoms)  ;  December  19, 
1909  ;gy.  M. 

Eight  specimens  (Cat,  No.  E.  251,  U.S.N.M.). 

r»r>2«>9— 22— Bui.  100 10 


146  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5660;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa  bearing  S.  88°  W., 
38.00  kilometers  (20.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  36'  30"  S.,  long.  120° 
49'  00"  E.);  1,266  meters  (692  fathoms);  December  20,  1909;  gy. 
M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  28,  E.  29,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5668.    Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  269,  U.S.N.M.) . 

Notes. — As  I  wrote  in  1904,  there  are  wide  variations  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  I  give  here 
photographs  of  two  specimens  of  which  one,  from  station  5450. 
shows  very  few  spines  (pi.  24,  fig.  1),  while  the  other,  from  station 
5618,  has  the  spines  very  numerous  and  elongated  (fig.  3).  I  also 
include  photographs  of  these  different  spines  (pi.  96,  fig.  1). 

In  comparing  the  Albatross  specimens  with  those  collected  by  the 
Siboga  I  may  remark  that  in  my  description  in  1896,  which  was 
drawn  up  from  a  single  specimen,  I  did  not  lay  sufficient  emphasis 
on  the  characters  of  the  under  arm  plates.  It  is  more  correct  to 
say  that  these  plates  are  pentagonal,  with  a  proximal  angle  so 
obtuse  that  it  may  almost  completely  disappear ;  this  angle  is  bounded 
by  two  straight  sides ;  the  lateral  borders  are  notched  by  the  tentacle 
scale,  and  the  gently  convex  distal  side  is  extremely  broad  (pi.  24, 
figs.  2,  4,  6).  These  plates  are  separated  from  the  second  or  third 
outward,  and  the  space  between  them  may  be  longer  or  shorter 
according  as  the  plates  are  themselves  longer  or  shorter;  but,  gen- 
erally speaking,  they  are  very  short  in  proportion  to  their  width; 
sometimes  they  may  be  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  and  separated 
by  an  interval  which  itself  is  rather  long.  In  certain  specimens  the 
plate  is  even  not  very  much  longer  than  this  interval. 

The  distal  border  of  the  upper  arm  plates  is  sometimes  convex  and 
very  regular  and  joins  very  exactly  the  adjacent  side  arm  plates: 
but  sometimes  it  seems  to  be  slightly  elevated  and  it  then  appears 
more  or  less  jagged,  showing  very  small  and  very  short  denticula- 
tions,  which  are  often  rounded,  and  are  arranged  very  regularly 
along  the  border ;  this  feature  is  more  marked  in  some  specimens 
than  in  others.  I  give  here  a  photograph  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  one 
arm  of  the  specimen  from  Station  5444  which  shows  this  character 
very  pronouncedly  (fig.  5)  ;  it  may  also  be  seen,  though  less  accentu- 
ated, in  the  specimen  represented  in  figure  1. 

As  I  stated  in  1904,  the  tentacle  scale  is  rather  thick  at  the  base 
and  pointed  at  the  tip;  it  is  sometimes  somewhat  lanceolate  and 
spiniferous  (fig.  6).  It  often  happens  that  the  scale,  at  first  broad- 
ened at  the  base,  tapers  sharply  and  becomes  from  then  on  very 
narrow  in  the  outer  two-thirds  or  even  three-fourths  of  its  total 
length  (fig.  4). 

The  type  of  O.  rudis  was  found  by  the  Investigator  in  the  Anda- 
man Islands  at  a  depth  of  780  fathoms.  The  Siboga  met  with  it  at 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      147 

numerous  stations  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  between  2°  N.  latitude 
and  10°  S.  latitude  and  117°-131°  E.  longitude,  at  depths  varying 
between  462  and  1,886  meters  (251  to  1,047  fathoms). 

OPHIOCAMAX  RUGOSA  Kcehler. 

Plate  27,  figs.  5-8 ;  plate  28,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  29,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  94,  fig.  8. 

Ophiocamax  rugosa  KCEIILER  ('04),  p.  139,  pi.  26,  figs.  4-7.— H.  L.  CLARK 

('15),  p.  214. 
Ophiocamax  polyploca  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  193,  fig.  90;  ('15),  p.  214. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5116;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde 
Island  Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  69°  E.,  4.63  kilometers 
(2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  41'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  05"  E.) ;  366 
meters  (200  fathoms) ;  January  20, 1908. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  360,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5135;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  S. 
46°  W.,  22.05  kilometers  (11.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  11'  50"  N.,  long. 
121°  08'  20"  E.) ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms) ;  February  7, 1908;  fne. 
co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41327,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5166;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi 
Group;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  20°  W.,  8.52  kilometers  (4.6 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  56'  10"  N.,  long.  119°  46'  00"  E.) ;  177  meters 
(97  fathoms) ;  February  24,  1908;  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40917,  E.  356,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5167;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Observation  Island  bearing  N.  11°  W.,  10.4  kilometers  (5.6  miles) 
distant  (lat.  4°  55'  10"  N.) ;  201  meters  (110  fathoms) ;  Co. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41328,  41329,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5168;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Observation  Island  bearing  N.  17°  W.,  7.78  kilometers  (4.2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  4°  56'  30"  N.,  long.  119°  45'  40"  E.) ;  146  meters  (80 
fathoms)  ;  February  25,  1908;  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41326,  U.S.N.M). 

Albatross  station  5187;  Tanon  Strait,  east  coast  of  Negros;  Apo 
Island  bearing  S.  21°  W.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  16'  45"  N.,  123°) ;  411  meters  (225  fathoms) ;  March  31,  1908; 
sft.  gn.  M. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat,  Nos.  E.  327,  E.  359,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5275;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  71°  E.,  19.92  kilometers 
(10.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  55'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  10'  15"  E.) ; 
214  meters  (117  fathoms) ;  July  16,  1908;  fne  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41207,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5353;  Balabac  Strait;  Cape  Melville  Light  bear- 
ing S.  85°  E.,  31.13  kilometers  (16.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  50'  45" 


148  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

N.,  long.  116°  43'  15"  E.)  ;  271  meters  (148  fathoms) ;  January  1, 
1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41206,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5415;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis  Point 
Light  bearing  N.  24°  W.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  07'  50"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  00"  E.) ;  161  meters  (88  fathoms); 
March  24,  1909;  fne.  S. 

Twelve  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.358,  E.362,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz  Point 
(Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  231  meters  (127  fathoms) ;  March 
25,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.357,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5440;  west  coast  of  Luzon,  Manila  Bay  to  Lin- 
gayen  Gulf;  San  Fernando  Point  Light  bearing  N.  82°  E.,  42.81 
kilometers  (23.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  16°  33'  52"  N.,  long.  119°  52' 
54"  E.) ;  314  meters  (172  fathoms) ;  May  10,  1909;  fne.  gy.  S.,  Glob. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.361,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5442;  west  coast  of  Luzon,  Manila  Bay  to  Lin- 
gayen  Gulf;  San  Fernando  Point  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  15.57 
kilometers  (8.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  16°  30'  36"  N,,  long,  120°  11' 
06"  E.) ;  82  meters  (45  fathoms) ;  May  10,  1909;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41209,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5459;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Legaspi  Light  bearing  S.  88°  W.,  26.50  kilo- 
meters (14.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  10'  21"  N.,  long.  123°  59'  54" 
E.) ;  368  meters  (201  fathoms) ;  June  8,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41208  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5519;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  71°  W.,  16.12  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  47'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  31'  15"  E.)  ;  333  meters  (182  fathoms) ; 
August  9,  1909;  Glob.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.326,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5520;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  48°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  41'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  18'  30"  E.) ;  186  meters  (102  fathoms) ; 
August  10,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.324,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5523;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  48°  W.,  12.42  kilometers  (6.7  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  8°  48'  44"  N.,  long.  123°  27'  35"  E.)  ;  August  10,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.323,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5536;  Apo  Island  (C.)  bearing  S.  26°  W.,  21.87 
kilometers  (11.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  15'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  22'  00" 
E.) ;  510  meters  (279  fathoms)  ;  August  19,  1909;  gn.  M. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      149 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.325,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5541;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  65°  W.,  23.54 
kilometers  (12.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  49'  38"  N.,  long.  123°  35'  30" 
E.  ;  400  meters  (219  fathoms)  ;  August  20,  1909;  fne  S.,  brk.  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.322  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5543;  Tagolo  Light  bearing. S.  75°  W.,  23.16 
kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  47'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  35' 
00"  E.)  ;  296  meters  (162  fathoms)  ;  August  20,  1909;  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat,  No.  E.321,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  study  of  the  very  fine  series  of  specimens  collected  by 
the  Albatross  has  convinced  me  that  0.  polyploca, described  by  H.L. 
Clark  in  1911  and  met  with  in  various  localities  in  the  Japanese  seas 
between  85  and  152  fathoms,  can  not  be  separated  from  O.  rugosa, 
which  I  described  in  1904  from  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga  in 
the  Sunda  Archipelago,  and  I  am  convinced  that  the  two  in  reality 
represent  only  a  single  species  which  shows  very  considerable  varia- 
tion. 

H.  L.  Clark  characterized  his  0.  polyploca  by  the  radial  shields  of 
very  large  size  covering  the  major  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk,  by  the  dorsal  arm  spines,  which  are  very  long  and  smooth,  and 
by  the  small  mouth  shields,  which  are  provided  with  a  narrow  and 
elongated  distal  lobe  projecting  into  the  interradial  space.  In  his 
description  he  states  that  the  upper  arm  plates  have  the  distal  border 
furnished  with  fine  spinules,  that  the  under  arm  plates  show  a 
rounded  and  projecting  distal  lobe  which  beyond  the  first  segments  is 
furnished  with  rugosities  or  spines,  of  which  the  number  little  by 
little  increases. 

Almost  all  the  Albatross  Philippine  specimens  show  the  same  form 
of  mouth  shield,  and  this  form  is  identical  with  that  which  H.  L. 
Clark  has  described  and  figured ;  it  may  be  recognized  on  the  photo- 
graphs which  I  give  here  (pi.  28,  figs.  2,  5).  The  elongation  of  the 
distal  lobe  is  more  or  less  marked,  and  the  principal  part  of  the 
shield  itself  is  sometimes  very  small,  but  sometimes,  on  the  other 
hand,  relatively  rather  large;  in  the  specimen  from  station  5167, 
shown  in  figure  2,  this  part  is  of  medium  size,  and  it  is  often  smaller, 
while  in  the  specimen  from  station'  5187,  represented  in  figure  5,  it 
is  larger.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5275  (pi.  27,  fig.  6)  the 
mouth  shields  are  appreciably  larger  than  usual,  and  their  distal 
lobe  is  less  accentuated.  This  form  recalls  that  which  I  had  noticed 
among  the  Siboga  specimens;  I  stated  in  my  description  that  these 
mouth  shields  are  small,  triangular,  with  a  distal  lobe  which  may 
become  rather  prominent  and  give  them  a  lozenge-shaped  form, 
though  this  lobe  remains  ordinarily  rather  broad  and  short ;  I  notice, 
however,  that  on  one  of  the  specimens  from  station  254  this  lobe 


150  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

elongates  into  a  little  narrow  stalk  quite  comparable  to  that  which 
H.  L.  Clark  has  described  in  0.  polyploca. 

In  their  dimensions  relative  to  the  diameter  of  the  disk  the  radial 
shields  show  certain  variations.  In  a  specimen  from  station  5187 
(pi.  28,  fig.  4)  these  shields  are  much*  elongated  and  rather  narrow; 
in  another  from  the  same  station  (fig.  6)  they  are  a  little  shorter  and 
relatively  broader;  in  the  specimens  from  stations  5167  (figs.  1,  3). 
5540  (pi.  29,  fig.  1),  and  5541  (pi.  29,  fig.  5)  they  are  still  shorter;  in 
a  specimen  from  station  5167  (pi.  28,  fig.  3)  they  are,  on  the  other 
hand,  relatively  large.  As  for  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk,  it  consists  sometimes  of  small,  short  club  spines  terminated 
by  a  crown  of  spinules,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  specimen  from  station 
5167  (pi.  28,  fig.  3) ;  these  club  spines  may  become  very  much 
thicker  and  larger  with  a  crown  of  very  strong  spinules,  a  condition 
seen  in  the  individual  from  station  5275  shown  in  figure  7  on  plate 
27,  in  which  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  them- 
selves very  much  larger.  The  club  spines  may  elongate,  at  the  same 
time  remaining  slender,  and  thus  constitute  a  fairly  uniform  covering 
(station  5187 ;  pi.  28,  fig.  4) ;  moreover,  certain  of  them  transform 
into  spines  which  are  sometimes  slender  and  elongated  (pi.  28,  fig. 
6,  and  pi.  29,  fig.  5),  but  sometimes  rather  thick  and  short  (pi.  28. 
fig.  1).  In  the  numerous  specimens  from  station  5520  the  greater 
part  of  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  bear  very  long 
spines  which  are  rather  thick  at  the  base  and  stongly  denticulate 
throughout  their  whole  length  (pi.  29,  fig.  1).  In  figure  8  on  plate 
94  I  show  the  whole  series  of  forms  which  may  be  observed  between 
the  very  short  club  spines  and  the  very  strongly  developed  true 
spines  like  those  which  are  met  with  in  the  individuals  from  sta- 
tion 5520. 

I  have  already  noted  in  my  original  description,  published  in  1904. 
the  variations  which  may  occur  in  the  armature  of  the  upper  and 
under  arm  plates.  The  small  conical  and  short  spines  which  these 
plates  bear  may  remain  slender  and  little  developed,  and  become 
localized  on  their  distal  border  (specimen  from  station  5275,  pi.  27, 
figs.  6,  7)  ;  or  they  may  extend  over  almost  the  whole  extent  of  the 
surface  of  these  plates,  being  sometimes  well  spaced,  and  sometimes 
closely  crowded.  In  figures  2,  3,  and  6  on  plate  29  I  show  portions 
of  the  arms  of  individuals  from  stations  5167,  5187,  and  5541,  in  which 
these  little  spines  are  seen  at  different  stages  of  development. 

As  for  the  arm  spines,  these  may  remain  rather  short  on  the  dorsal 
side  (specimen  from  station  5167,  pi.  28,  fig.  3) ;  or  they  may  become 
more  elongate,  as  is  seen  in  the  other  specimen  from  station  5167 
(fig.  1)  and  in  that  from  station  5275  (pi.  27,  figs.  6,  7) ;  or  they  may 
become  very  long,  as  is  the  case  in  the  specimens  from  station  5187 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      151 

(pi.  28,  figs.  4,  6),  and  especially  in  that  from  station  5541  (pi.  29, 
fig.  4),  in  which  the  dorsal  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms  have  a 
length  of  more  than  six  segments.  I  notice  that  these  dorsal  spines, 
especially  when  they  are  very  long,  have  denticulations  less  strong 
than  those  on  the  ventral  spines,  but  these  denticulations  never  dis- 
appear entirely,  and  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  spines  which  were 
absolutely  smooth. 

It  seems  to  me  that  in  view  of  these  variations  it  is  not  possible  to 
maintain  the  specific  distinction  established  by  H.  L.  Clark  between 
0.  rugosa  and  0.  polyploca,  and  that  this  latter  must  be  united  with 
the  former. 

The  greater  part  of  the  alcoholic  specimens  are  entirely  white,  or 
slightly  yellowish;  but  those  from  station  5520  are  rather  dark 
gray. 

The  Siboga  met  with  0.  rugosa  at  different  localities  in  the  Sunda 
archipelago  between  5°  and  10°  S.  latitude  and  119°-132°  E.  longi- 
tude, at  depths  varying  from  204  to  520  meters  (112  to  289  fathoms). 
The  Albatross  collected  the  form  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  the 
Japanese  seas  between  30°  and  32°  N.  latitude  and  128°-130°  E. 
longitude  at  depths  of  from  155  to  278  meters  (85  to  152  fathoms). 

Order  III.  GNATHOPHIURIDA. 

Family  AMPHIURIDAE. 

AMPHIURA  AGITATA  Kcehler. 

AmpMum  agitato,  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  79,  pi.  13,  figs.  5,  6,  7. — H.  L.  CLABK 
('15),  p.  233. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5592;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vi- 
cinity; Silungan  Island  (M.)  bearing  N.  1°  W.,  11.86  kilometers  (6.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  12'  44"  N.,  long.  118°  27'  44"  E.) ;  558  meters 
(305  fathoms) ;  September  29,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41166,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — This  specimen  is  a  little  larger  than  those  collected  by  the 
Siboga  upon  which  I  based  the  species;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
8.5  mm.;  the  arms  are  incomplete,  but  they  taper  rather  rapidly 
and  their  length  could  not  have  been  very  great. 

I  notice  certain  differences  between  this  specimen  and  the  type  of 
the  species;  they  are  correlated  without  doubt  with  the  larger  size  of 
the  specimen.  The  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  smaller  and  closely 
crowded,  and  they  do  not  become  larger  in  the  central  region;  the 
outer  mouth  papilla  is  relatively  a  little  less  broad  than  in  the  smaller 
specimens ;  the  distal  lobe  of  the  mouth  shields  is  also  a  little  broader, 
and  passes  more  gradually  into  the  principal  part  of  the  shield ;  and 


152  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  arm  plates  have  the  distal  border  slightly  notched.  These  dif- 
ferences are  entirely  secondary,  and  the  two  indubitably  belong  to 
the  same  species. 

The  type  of  A.  agitato,  was  dredged  in  6°  08'  N.  latitude  and  121° 
19'  E.  longitude,  at  a  depth  of  275  meters  (153  fathoms). 

AMPHIURA  AMBIGUA  Kochlcr. 

Plate  69,  figs.  5,  6 ;  plate  96,  fig.  3. 

Amphiura  ambigua  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  39,  pi.  4,  figs.  9-1]. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15)?  p.  233. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5158;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group;  Tonakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  89°  W.,  3.52  kilometers 
(1.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  12'  00"  N.,  long.  119°  54'  30"  E.) ;  22 
meters  (12  fathoms) ;  February  21,  1908;  crs.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41162,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  described  this  species  from  two  specimens  found  by  the 
Siboga  in  the  Jolo  Archipelago  at  a  depth  of  13  meters  (7  fathoms), 
and  these  two  were  of  very  small  size,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  meas- 
uring respectively  2  mm.  and  3  mm.  In  the  Albatross  specimen  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  also  3  mm.  The  third  and  fourth  arm  spines, 
sometimes  even  the  second,  always  show  the  little  hook  directed  pos- 
teriorly which  occurs  at  their  extremity,  and  Avhich  I  pointed  out  in 
my  original  description,  I  give  here  a  photograph  of  the  ventral 
surface  of  the  specimen,  and  of  one  of  the  arms,  more  enlarged  (pi. 
69,  figs.  5,  6),  as  well  as  figures  of  some  of  the  arm  spines  seen  under 
the  microscope  (pi.  96,  fig.  3). 

AMPHIURA  COMMUTATA,  new  species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  1,  2,  3 ;  plate  96,  fig.  6. 

Locality. — Hakodate,  Japan. 

One  hundred  and  sixty-two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41174;  typo.  Cat. 
41175,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — In  the  two  larger  specimens  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
is  6  mm. ;  the  arms  are  from  35  mm.  to  38  mm.  in  length. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  numerous 
small,  subequal,  rounded,  and  imbricated  plates,  a  little  larger  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  radial  shields,  and  becoming  a  little  smaller  on  the 
periphery  of  the  disk.  Six  primary  plates  may  be  made  out  which 
are  very  rounded,  and  all  of  the  same  size;  but  they  are  scarcely 
larger  than  the  plates  adjoining  the  radial  shields;  the  five  radials 
are  separated  from  the  dorso-central  by  three  or  four  rows  of  plates. 
The  radial  shields  are  triangular,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as 
broad,  very  close  together  or  in  contact  outwardly,  and  rather  strongly 
divergent  inwardly,  where  they  are  separated  by  three  or  four  rows 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      153 

of  plates:  their  proximal  angle  is  rather  sharp;  the  length  of  these 
shields  is  less  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  bears  only  a  narrow  border  of 
peripheral  plates,  remaining  entirely  naked  over  the  rest  of  its  extent. 
The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  lozenge-shaped,  as  long  as  broad,  with  the 
angles  rounded ;  the  two  proximal  sides  are  very  gently  convex,  and 
the  two  distal  sides  are  almost  straight.  The  adoral  plates  are  small, 
triangular,  much  narrowed  inwardly,  and  scarcely  in  contact  in  the 
median  interradial  line ;  sometimes  they  even  do  not  touch  each  other ; 
they  are  much  broadened  outwardly,  and,  as  they  are  very  close  to 
the  median  radial  line,  they  include  between  them  the  first  under  arm 
plate.  The  oral  plates  are  rather  high,  half  again  as  high  as  broad. 
The  internal  mouth  papilla  is  large  and  strong;  the  following  is  tri- 
angular with  a  very  sharp  apex ;  the  external,  which  is  inserted  upon 
the  adoral  plate,  is  spiniform  and  more  or  less  erect;  but  it  is  always 
short,  thick  and  obtuse. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  elongated,  longer  than  broad,  and 
a  Imost  oval  on  the  two  first  segments,  then  broadening  somewhat  and 
becoming  almost  as  long  as  broad  with  a  rather  narrow  proximal 
border  and  a  broad  and  strongly  convex  distal  border  continuing  the 
rounded  lateral  borders.  At  some  distance  from  the  disk  the  upper 
arm  plates  are  less  confined  by  the  side  arm  plates,  and  they  then 
become  broader  than  long,  and  almost  transversely  oval.  All  these 
plates  are  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate,  enclosed  by  the  neighboring  adoral 
plates,  is  much  narrowed  in  its  distal  part,  but  broadens  in  its  proxi- 
mal part:  it  is  pentagonal  in  shape.  The  following  are  rectangular, 
a  little  broader  than  Iong5  with  the  sides  straight  and  the  angles 
rounded ;  they  are  all  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  much  developed,  and  they  encroach  con- 
siderably on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arm,  especially  at  the  arm  bases, 
where  they  bear  eight  spines ;  the  number  of  these  falls  later  to  seven, 
then  to  six.  These  spines  are  subequal,  and  their  length  equals  that 
of  the  segment,  except  that  of  the  last  dorsal,  which  is  a  little  shorter. 
All  these  spines  are  slightly  flattened,  rather  thick,  especially  the  ven- 
tral spines,  and  their  thickness  diminishes  from  the  dorsal  side.  The 
first  ventral  spine  is  almost  cylindrical,  with  the  tip  rounded.  The 
two  or  three  following  have  the  extremity  obtuse,  and  often  even 
truncated ;  they  bear  in  their  distal  region  very  fine  asperities  which 
become  stronger  at  their  tip;  on  the  posterior  angle  one  of  these 
asperities  tends  to  form  a  very  small  tooth,  but  this  feature  is  only 
slightly  indicated:  the  four  dorsal  spines  have  their  tips  rounded 
(pi.  96,  fig.  6a). 


154  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  very  large,  squamiform,  slightly  oval, 
furnished  on  its  distal  border  with  a  row  of  very  fine  denticulations 
(fig.  6J). 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  yellowish  gray. 

Affi/nities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphiura  commutata  is  very 
easily  distinguished  from  the  species  of  Amphiura — indeed,  very  few 
in  number — in  which  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  naked  and 
which  possess  only  a  single  tentacle  scale.  The  forms  which  ap- 
proach it  most  closely  are  A.  concinna  Koehler,  found  by  the  Siboga 
in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  and  A.  glabra  Lyman,  which  the  Chal- 
lenger collected  in  4°  N.  latitude  and  127°  E.  longitude  at  a  depth  of 
500  fathoms;  both  are  deep-sea  forms  with  which  the  Albatross 
species  can  not  be  confused. 

AMPHIURA  DEJECTA,  new  species. 

Plate  66,  figs.  4,  5. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5592;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicin- 
ity; Silungan  Island  (M.)  bearing  N.  1Q  W.,  11.86  kilometers  (6.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  12'  44"  N.,  long.  118°  27'  44"  E.) ;  558  meters 
(305  fathoms) ;  September  29,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen. 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.;  the  arms  are 
broken  off  20  mm.  or  22  mm.  from  their  base,  but  they  can  not  be 
very  long,  for  the  longest  stump  is  already  markedly  narrowed  at 
the  place  where  it  is  broken  off;  these  arms  are  somewhat  flattened, 
and  of  medium  size. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  numerous 
subequal  imbricated  plates,  becoming  smaller  at  the  periphery  of  the 
disk,  and  a  little  larger  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial  shields;  each 
interradial  space  includes  from  ten  to  twelve  rows  of  plates.  There 
is  not  the  least  indication  of  primary  plates.  The  radial  shields  are 
rather  small,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  proximal 
angle  pointed  and  the  external  border  very  convex.  The  two  shields 
of  each  pair  are  close  together  but  not  in  contact  outwardly,  and 
slightly  divergent  inwardly.  Their  length  is  much  less  than  half 
the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  is  covered  with  extremely  small,  imbricated, 
very  closely  crowded  plates,  but  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
mouth  shields  these  plates  become  rounded,  and  are  simply  in  contact, 
sometimes  even  showing  small  bare  spaces  between  them.  The  geni- 
tal slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  longer  than  broad,  lozenge-shaped,  with  the 
proximal  sides  elongated  and  the  distal  sides  shorter ;  the  four  angles 
are  rounded.  The  triangular  adoral  plates  are  rather  small,  and  are 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      155 

limited  to  the  two  proximal  sides  of  the  mouth  shields ;  they  are  very 
narrow  inwardly  and  do  not  reach  the  interradial  median  line;  out- 
wardly they  become  much  broadened  and  send  off  a  narrow  process 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The 
oral  plates  are  twice  as  high  as  broad,  but  they  are  in  contact  only 
in  their  proximal  half;  they  thus  delimit  a  naked  triangular  space, 
of  which  the  base  is  formed  by  the  proximal  extremities  of  the 
mouth  shield  and  the  adoral  plates.  The  terminal  mouth  papilla  is 
rather  thick,  almost  cubical,  with  the  proximal  face  channeled.  The 
second  papilla,  inserted  on  the  oral  plate,  is  elongated,  conical,  with 
the  point  blunted;  the  external  papilla,  inserted  on  the  adoral  plate, 
is  broadened,  sometimes  rounded  and  sometimes  triangular,  with  the 
tip  much  blunted. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  very  large,  covering  the  greater  part  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arm.  They  are  semicircular  or  almost  bi- 
convex, with  a  somewhat  rounded  distal  side,  and  are  very  much 
broader  than  long ;  all  of  them  are  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  with  a  narrow  distal 
border,  a  longer  proximal  border,  and  divergent  sides.  The  follow- 
ing plates  are  -pentagonal,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  a  trun- 
cated and  rounded  proximal  angle,  the  lateral  borders  slightly 
notched  by  the  tentacle  scale,  and  the  distal  side  slightly  excavated 
in  the  middle.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  only  slightly  projecting,  bear  five 
subequal  spines,  the  length  of  which  almost  equals  that  of  the  seg- 
ment; this  number  falls  to  four  at  some  distance  from  the  base. 
These  spines  are  rather  thick  and  cylindrical,  with  the  tip  rounded ; 
on  the  second  ventral  spine  especially  the  tip  is  rather  thick.  Their 
surface  is  simply  rugose  without  showing  distinct  asperities. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  very  large,  flattened,  markedly  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  tip  rounded. 

The  specimen  in  alcohol  is  grayish  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphiura  dejecta  belongs  to 
the  section  of  the  genus  Amphiura  in  which  the  disk  is  covered  with 
plates  on  both  surfaces,  and  which  only  possesses  a  single  tentacle 
scale.  It  may  be  compared  with  A.  dbbreviata  Kcehler,  A.  agitata 
Koehler,  A.  angularis  Lyman,  A.  duncani  Lyman  (=A.  liltkeni  Dun- 
can), and  A.  macraspis  H.  L.  Clark,  but  it  can  not  be  confused  with 
any  of  these.  Amphiura  abbreviata  has  the  radial  shields  very  nar- 
row and  elongated,  the  primary  plates  distinct,  and  the  arm  spines  six 
in  number,  half  of  them  bihamulate;  A.  agitata  possess  seven  arm 
spines,  and  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  larger;  A.  angularis, 
which  has  only  four  arm  spines,  has  the  external  mouth  papilla 
smaller  and  the  tentacle  scale  also  smaller;  A.  duncani  has  six  arm 


156  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

spines,  and  the  mouth  shields  are  triangular.  A.  macraspis,  which 
has  recently  been  described  by  H.  L.  Clark,  has  extremely  small 
radial  shields,  and  triangular  upper  arm  plates. 

AMPHIURA  DEMISSA,  new  species.  / 

Plate  69,  figs.  1  and  2. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5492;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao; 
Diuata  Point  (W.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  28.17  kilometers  (15.2  miles) 
distant  (lat,  9°  12'  45"  N..  long.  125°  20'  00"  E.)  ;  1,344  meters  (735 
fathoms) ;  August  1,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41177,  U.S.N.M.) 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  8  mm. ;  the  slender  and 
flattened  arms  are  very  long;  the  longest  is  preserved  over  a  length 
of  70  mm.,  and  is  incomplete;  this  arm  tapers  very  gradually  from 
the  base.  The  specimen  is  not  in  a  good  state  of  preservation ;  there 
are  rents  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  and  the  mouth  plates  are 
somewhat  deformed ;  nevertheless  the  characters  are  easily  made  out, 
and  I  do  not  know  an}^  species  to  which  it  may  be  assigned. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  rather  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial 
spaces,  and  very  gently  notched  above  the  bases  of  the  arms.  The 
dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  extremely  small  but  very  distinct 
plates;  these  plates  are  subequal  and  imbricated;  they  become  still 
smaller  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  but  a  little  larger  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  radial  shields.  There  is  no  indication  of  primary  plates. 
The  rather  small  radial  shields  are  moderately  broad,  a  little  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  external  border  very  convex, 
the  internal  border  straight,  and  the  proximal  angle  rounded;  the 
two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact  outwardly,  and  diverge  from 
that  point  inward.  Their  length  is  a  little  greater  than  one-third 
the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  is  covered  with  plates  which  are  a  little  smaller 
than  those  of  the  dorsal  surface,  but  nevertheless  very  distinct ;  they 
become  a  little  larger  in  the  vicinity  of  the  mouth  shields  and  the 
genital  slits.  These  last  are  broad  and  very  evident. 

The  mouth  shields  are  a  little  broader  than  long,  lozenge-shaped, 
with  the  angles  very  rounded  and  the  sides  equal.  The  adoral  plates, 
which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular,  tapering  inwardly,  and 
their  rounded  tip  does  not  quite  reach  the  median  interradial  line; 
they  are  much  broadened  outwardly  and  give  off  a  process  which 
separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  rather  high.  The  proximal  mouth  papilla  is  of  medium 
size,  somewhat  elongated,  with  the  tip  rounded ;  the  second  papilla, 
inserted  on  the  oral  plate,  is  much  broadened  and  low,  rectangular, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      157 

three  times  as  long  as  broad;  the  external,  inserted  on  the  adoral 
plate,  is  conical  with  the  point  blunted,  and  is  not  very  well  devel- 
oped. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  broad,  two  and  a  half  times  as 
broad  as  long,  triangular,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal 
angle  bordered  by  straight  sides  which  pass  over  very  rounded  angles 
to  the  convex  distal  border.  The  side  arm  plates  penetrate  between 
these  last  as  far  as  the  neighborhood  of  the  median  line,  but  the 
upper  arm  plates  remain  in  contact  by  the  apex  of  their  proximal 
angle. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  very  small,  trapezoidal,  very  much 
longer  than  broad,  narrowing  in  its  distal  region  which  is  inclosed 
between  the  corresponding  adoral  plates.  The  following  plates  are 
pentagonal,  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  a  truncated  and  very 
rounded  proximal  angle,  and  the  sides  and  distal  border  gently  con- 
cave. These  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  only  slightly  projecting,  carry  five 
spines  on  the  segments  immediately  following  the  disk,  but  this  num- 
ber very  soon  falls  to  four;  these  spines  are  subequal,  cylindrical, 
with  the  tip  rounded,  and  their  surface  is  rugose ;  their  length  almost 
equals  that  of  the  segment. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  small,  and  only  slightly  longer  than 
broad,  with  the  tip  rounded.  A  few  pores  of  the  first  pair  sometimes 
show  two  scales  in  contact  inserted  side  by  side  on  the  side  arm  plate. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  grayish  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphiura  dami-ssa  is  easily 
distinguished  from  all  the  other  species  of  the  genus  Amphiura  (in 
the  restricted  sense)  with  both  surfaces  of  the  disk  provided  with 
scales  and  with  only  a  single  tentacle  scale.  Its  central  mouth  papilla, 
which  is  low  and  broadened,  recalls  the  form  seen  in  A.  capensis 
Lyman,  but  except  for  this  character  there  is  not  the  slightest  re- 
semblance between  the  two  species. 

If  the  description  which  I  have  just  given  be  compared  with  that 
of  A.  fusco-alba  published  by  Brock,  numerous  points  of  resemblance 
will  be  noticed,  but  it  does  not  seem  to  me  possible  to  confuse  these 
two  species,  which,  moreover,  come  from  very  different  depths.  Brock 
says  that  the  radial  shields  of  A.  fusco-alba  are  very  large  and  that 
their  length  equals  half  the  radius  of  the  disk,  that  the  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  grouped  regularly  around  a  central 
plate,  while  the  plates  of  the  ventral  surface  are  extremely  small,  and, 
as  they  are  rather  elevated,  they  take  on  the  form  of  granules;  the 
internal  mouth  papilla  is  very  large ;  the  mouth  shields  are  triangu- 
lar, with  an  external  lobe  which  causes  them  to  appear  cordif orm ;  the 
upper  arm  plates  are  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  are  separated,  and 


158  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  arm  spines  are  six  in  number.  All  these  characters  seem  to  me  to 
separate  the  abyssal  form  found  by  the  Albatross  sharply  from  A. 
fusco-alba,  which  is  essentially  littoral. 

AMPHIURA  DIOMEDEAE  Liitken  and  Mortensen. 

Plate  67,  figs.  7-10. 

Amphiura  diomedeae  LUTKEN  and  MORTEN  SEN   ('99),  p.  151,  pi.  12,  figs. 
1-7.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  140;   ('13),  p.  214;   ('15),  p.  225. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5111 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  41°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  45'  15"  N.,  long.  120°  46'  30"  E.) ;  432  meters  (236 
fathoms) ;  January  16,  1908. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41213,  41214,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5281;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  84°  W.,  7.97  kilometers 
(4.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  52'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  25'  00"  E.) ;  368 
meters  (201  fathoms) ;  July  18,  1908;  dk.  gy.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41210,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5325;  off  northern  Luzon;  Hermanos  Island 
(N.)  bearing  N.  86°  E.,  31.04  kilometers  (16.75  miles)  distant  (lat. 
18°  34'  15"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15"  E.)  ;  410  meters  (224  fathoms)  ; 
November  12,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41211,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5535;  between  Cebu  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  24°  W.,  31.50  kilometers  (17  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
20'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  23'  45"  E.) ;  567  meters  (310  fathoms) ;  Au- 
gust 19,  1909 ;  gy.  glob.  Oz. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41212,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  the  largest  specimen,  which  comes  from  station  5111, 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  8  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  from  28 
mm.  to  30  mm.  long. 

I  have  been  able  to  compare  these  specimens  with  a  very  typical 
example  of  A.  diomedeae  sent  to  me  by  the  United  States  National 
Museum,  which  was  dredged  by  the  Albatross.  I  show  here  (pi. 
67,  figs.  7,  8)  the  two  surfaces  of  this  specimen,  which  I  have  used 
for  comparison.  The  specimen  from  station  5281,  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  6.5  mm.,  agrees  well  with  it;  most  of  the 
others  agree  also,  with  it  but  they  are  very  small. 

The  largest  specimen  from  station  5111  (figs.  9,  10)  differs  from 
this  typical  specimen  in  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates  of 
the  disk  which  are  not  imbricated  in  the  central  region,  but  remain 
rounded,  and  the  primary  plates  are  still  fairly  distinct.  The 
plates  imbricate  only  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  where  they 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      159 

become  abruptly  smaller;  there  is  a  very  sharp  line  of  demarca- 
tion between  these  smaller  marginal  plates  and  those  which  cover 
the  rest  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  The  upper  arm  plates 
also  have  a  form  slightly  different  from  those  in  the  specimen  from 
the  National  Museum.  But  I  notice  that  their  form  is  exactly  the 
same  as  that  which  Liitken  and  Mortensen  have  shown  in  one  of 
their  figures  ('99,  pi.  12,  fig.  6),  while  the  specimen  from  the 
National  Museum  has  the  dorsal  plates  identical  with  those  which 
these  authors  have  represented  in  plate  12  as  figure  2.  All  the  other 
characters  agree  well  with  those  of  A.  diomedeae.  I  believe,  there- 
fore, that  I  am  able  to  assign  all  my  specimens  to  this  species. 

Amphiura  diomedeae  appears  to  have  a  vast  geographical  range. 
Liitken  and  Mortensen  described  it  from  specimens  found  between 
7°-22°  N.  latitude  and  79°-107°  W.  longitude,  at  depths  varying 
between  935  and  2,877  meters  (511  and  1,573  fathoms).  The  speci- 
mens of  Amphiura  diomedeae  which  II.  L.  Clark  has  studied  came 
from  numerous  localities  in  the  Japanese  seas  (Honshu  Island, 
Kagoshima,  Suruga  Gulf,  Sagami  Bay,  Omai  Saki,  etc.)  and  from 
depths  between  71  and  1,369  meters  (39  and  749  fathoms).  The 
Albatross  specimens  which  I  have  mentioned  above  were  captured 
between  9°-18°  N.  latitude  and  120°-123°  E.  longitude,  at  depths 
varying  from  368  to  567  meters  (201  to  310  fathoms). 

Matsumoto  considers  A.  diomedeae  a  synonym  of  A.  koreae  Dun- 
can ('17,  p.  198)  and  believes  that  the  former  name  should  be  sup- 
pressed. He  is  apparently  right,  but  as  it  is  very  difficult  to  recog- 
nize the  species  described  by  Duncan  from  his  description,  and 
especially  from  his  figures,  which  are  quite  inadequate,  it  would 
be  necessary,  in  order  to  be  certain,  to  examine  Duncan's  type.  So, 
in  the  absence  of  more  definite  information,  I  prefer  to  use  the 
name  diomedeae  given  to  a  species  well  described  and  well  figured. 

AMPHIURA  GRANDISQUAMA  Lyman. 

Plate  66,  figs.  6-8. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Amphiura  grandisquama  KCEHLEB  ('09),  p.  177;  ('14),  p.  63. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  266. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5348;  Palawan  Passage;  Point 
Tabonan  bearing  S.  89°  E.,  62.08  kilometers  (33.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  57'  45"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  15"  E.) I;  686  meters  (375 
fathoms) ;  December  27,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

Thirteen  specimens  (Cat,  Nos.  41277,  41278,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5413;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis  Point 
Light  bearing  N.  68°  W.,  18.53  kilometers  (10  miles)  distant  (lat. 


160  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

10°  10'  35"  N.,  long.  124°  03'  15"  E.)  ;  77  meters  (42  fathoms)  ; 
March  24,  1909. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41279,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5475;  San  Bernardino  Light  bearing  S.  27°  W., 
20.38  kilometers  (11  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  56'  26"  N.,  long.  124° 
24'  12"  E.) ;  357  meters  (195  fathoms). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41276,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Amphiura  grandisquania  has  not  been  found  heretofore 
except  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  its  presence  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  is 
rather  unexpected.  There  can  not  be  the  least  doubt,  however,  re- 
garding the  determination  of  the  specimens,  which  I  have  compared 
with  others  from  the  Atlantic,  both  from  the  east  and  from  the  west 
coasts.  I  give  here  photographs  of  two  specimens  from  station  5348. 

The  geographical  range  of  A.  grandisquama  is  therefore  very 
great,  and  the  depth  at  which  it  is  found  likewise  varies  between  very 
broad  limits.  The  Albatross  met  with  it  between  247  and  440 
fathoms,  and  the  West  Indian  collection  of  the  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum,  which  I  have  recently  studied,  contains  specimens 
collected  in  the  Carribean  Sea  at  depths  between  10  and  240  fathoms ; 
The  Princesse-Alice  dredged  A.  grandisquama  in  the  North  Atlantic 
between  552  and  1,850  meters  (301  to  1,017  fathoms). 

AMPHIURA  UNCINATA  Kcehler. 

Plate  65,  figs.  6-8 ;  plate  96,  fig.  4. 

Amp-hiura  uncinata  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  76,  pi.  14,  figs.  3,  4. — H.  L.  CLA.BK 
('15),  p.  235. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Mala- 
brigo  Light  bearing  N.  44°  W.,  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'  45"  E.) ;  518  meters  (283  fath- 
oms) ;  February  2,  1908;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41144,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  originally  described  this  species  from  several  specimens 
collected  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  depths  between 
250  and  330  meters  (135  to  180  fathoms).  These  specimens  were  not 
in  a  good  state  of  preservation. 

The  single  specimen  collected  by  the  Albatross  is  in  excellent  con- 
dition, and  the  arms  are  preserved  for  a  large  portion  of  their  length, 
which  exceeds  100  mm. ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  11  mm.  I  include 
two  photographs  of  the  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces,  as  well  as  of  a 
portion  of  an  arm  at  the  base,  in  order  to  show  the  characteristic 
hook  which  terminates  the  central  spines  on  the  first  arm  segments; 
it  is  represented  more  enlarged  in  figure  4,  plate  96. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      161 
AMPHIURA  VADICOLA  Matsumoto. 

Plate  65,  figs.  1-5 ;  plate  96,  fig.  5. 

Amphiura  vadicola  MATSUMOTO   ('15),  p.  71. — H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  235. 
Ophionephthys  phalerata  MARKTANNER-TURNERETSCHER  ('87),  p.  301  (not  of 
Lyman,  1874). 

Locality. — Otaru,  Hokkaido,  Japan. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41135,  41136,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  in  a  very  poor  state  of  preservation; 
the  arms  are  broken  into  numerous  fragments;  they  must  be  very 
long  and  very  much  coiled,  but  also  very  fragile;  the  disks  them- 
selves are  more  or  less  distorted.  Nevertheless  the  characters  of  the 
species  are  perfectly  recognizable ;  they  belong  without  doubt  to  the 
old  genus  Ophionephthys^  and  agree  absolutely  with  the  form  which 
Matsumoto  has  recently  described  under  the  name  of  Amphiura 
vadicola. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  about  5  mm. ;  the  length  of  the  arms 
must  exceed  100  mm.  or  120  mm.  The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alco- 
hol is  a  brownish  yellow. 

Amphiura  vadicola  was  created  by  Matsumoto  for  a  species  which 
is  extremely  common  at  Kagoshima;  it  is  the  same  ophiuran  which 
Marktanner  had  referred  with  some  doubt  to  Ophionephthys  phaler- 
ata ('87,  p.  301),  but  which  is  certainly  different  from  Lyman's 
species.  Acording  to  Matsumoto,  A.  vadicola  differs  from  O.  phal- 
erata in  the  larger  radial  shields,  in  the  pentagonal  and  not  oval 
mouth  shields,  in  having  the  adoral  plates  not  in  contact  in  the  me- 
dian interradial  line,  in  the  higher  oral  plates,  in  the  contiguous 
upper  arm  plates,  and  in  having  the  arm  spines  not  cylindrical,  but 
flattened ;  furthermore,  the  second  ventral  spine  shows  a  very  pecu- 
liar form;  Matsumoto  says  that  it  is  "spur-shaped,"  without  more 
definitely  defining  the  outline. 

My  specimens  agree  well  with  the  description  of  A.  vadicola  given 
by  Matsumoto;  but  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  is  not  exactly 
pentagonal  as  described  by  the  Japanese  naturalist ;  these  shields  also 
are  not  oval  and  transversely  broadened ;  they  have  rather  the  form 
of  a  triangle  of  which  the  base  is  proximal  and  the  angles  are  very 
rounded,  with  the  sides  almost  equal.  As  for  the  adoral  plates,  they 
conform  to  Matsumoto's  description,  and  are  not  in  contact  by  their 
radial  or  external  angle;  they  are  merely  very  close  together  and 
they  inclose  between  them  the  first  under  arm  plate  which  is  narrow, 
without  forming  a  continuous  circle,  as  Lyman  has  described  in  his 
Ophionephthys  phalerata.  The  radial  shields  are  much  elongated, 
almost  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  simply  triangular,  and  not  "  pear- 
seed  shaped."  The  separation  of  the  under  arm  plates  varies  a  little 

55269— 22— Bui.  100 11 


162  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

in  the  proximal  portion  of  the  arms,  and  at  certain  places  these 
plates  are  in  contact;  it  is  only  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
disk  that  they  become  separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  not  very  broad,  and  the  first  plates, 
especially,  are  narrower  than  those  following,  a  character  which 
separates  A.  vadicola  from  another  very  closely  related  Japanese 
species,  A.  aestuarii  Matsumoto.  The  arms  are  in  fragments,  and  it 
is  difficult  to  estimate  their  length,  but  they  may  easily  be  thirty 
times  the  diameter  of  the  disk,  corresponding  to  the  figure  given  by 
Matsumoto. 

The  spines  are  covered  with  asperities  throughout  almost  their 
entire  length,  and  especially  at  their  tips;  they  are  more  or  less  flat- 
tened and  subequal,  but  the  second  acquires,  at  some  distance  from 
the  disk,  a  quite  characteristic  form  (pi.  96,  fig.  5a).  It  is  at  first 
rather  broad  and  flattened,  then,  after  tapering  very  gradually,  it 
broadens  abruptly  into  a  sort  of  disk  of  which  the  width  equals 
almost  that  of  the  basal  portion  of  the  spine,  and  which  is  covered 
with  short  and  closely  crowded  spinules.  This  tip  thus  resembles 
the  rowel  of  a  spur,  and  this  form  justifies  Matsumpto's  comparison 
when  he  says  that  the  second  spine  is  "  spur-shaped." 

A  species  closely  related  to  A.  vadicola  has  been  recently  described 
by  H.  L.  Clark  under  the  name  of  A.  ecnomiotata  ('11,  p.  148),  from 
a  single  specimen  found  at  a  littoral  station  in  Japan,  but  it  is  very 
distinct  from  A.  vadicola.  Another  Japanese  species,  also  described 
by  H.  L.  Clark,  is  A.  acrystata,  which  is  especially  interesting  because 
it  shows  that  the  principal  character  upon  which  the  old  genus 
Ophionephthys  was  based  is  essentially  variable.  In  certain  speci- 
mens (H.  L.  Clark  '11,  p.  146,  fig.  a)  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  are  localized  about  the  periphery  of  the  radial  shields, 
leaving  the  rest  of  the  surface  of  the  disk  naked,  while  in  others  this 
border  of  plates  broadens  (fig.  d),  and  sometimes  it  even  covers  the 
entire  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  (fig.  g). 

Matsumoto  has  suggested  the  advisability  of  suppressing  the  genus 
Ophionephthys  and  including  it  in  the  genus  Amphmra,  and  I  hold 
absolutely  the  same  opinion.  I  have  already  had  occasion  to  remark 
recently,  in  describing  Amphiura  latispina  ('14,  p.  50),  that  the  dor- 
sal plates  of  the  disk  in  that  species  show  the  arrangement  which 
authors  consider  characteristic  of  the  genus  Ophionephthys,  but  I 
have  thought  it  necessary  nevertheless  to  retain  it  in  the  genus 
Amphiura. 

Matsumoto's  memoir  of  1917  includes  figures  of  Amphiura 
aestuarii  (p.  209,  fig.  57)  and  of  A.  vadicola  (p.  211,  fig.  58),  and  I 
have  been  able  by  comparing  the  Albatross  specimens  with  these  to 
confirm  my  determination;  thev  arp.  without  doubt  A.  vadicola. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      163 
AMPHIPHOLIS  KOCHII  Ltttken. 

Plate  70,  tigs.  1-3. 

AmpMpholis  kochii  LUTKEN  ('72),  p.  10,  pis.  1  and  2,  fig.  6.-— LYMAN  ('82), 
p.  146.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  192,  fig.  52. 

Locality. — Hakodate,  Japan. 

One  specimen. 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  unfortunately  incomplete,  and  the  whole 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  torn  away ;  the  arms  also  are  not  pre- 
served for  their  full  length;  they  must  be  rather  long,  and  two  of 
them  are  preserved,  respectively,  for  a  length  of  4  mm.  and  6  mm. 

I  had  at  first  some  hesitation  in  referring  my  specimen  to  A .  kochii, 
for  it  differs  from  Liitken's  description  and  figures  by  a  slight  varia- 
tion in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields ;  but  all  the  other  characters  are 
well  enough  in  agreement  to  permit  this  determination.  The  speci- 
men shows  the  following  features: 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  longer  than  broad,  pyriform,  with 
the  proximal  angle  somewhat  rounded  and  the  two  sides  slightly 
convex,  passing  over  rounded  angles  to  the  distal  border;  this  last 
is  convex,  and  shows  in  the  middle  a  small  lobe  which  projects  into 
the  interradial  space.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size, 
are  narrowed  inwardly,  but  they  are  in  contact  in  the  median  inter- 
radial  line;  they  broaden  outwardly  and  send  off  a  process  which 
separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  rather  high  and  narrow.  The  proximal  mouth  papilla  is 
elongated,  rather  thick,  cylindrical,  and  twice  as  long  as  broad;  the 
second  is  small,  short,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  free  border 
rounded;  the  third  or  external  papilla  is  very  broad,  squamiform, 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  free  border  rounded. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  very  large,  and  especially  extremely 
broad ;  they  cover  almost  the  entire  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms,  only 
leaving  a  very  small  and  very  narrow  triangular  space  for  the  side 
arm  plates.  The  proximal  border  is  broad  and  convex,  or  better,  it 
is  formed  by  two  sides  which  are  united  by  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded 
angle ;  the  distal  border  is  straight  or  slightly  concave ;  the  sides  are 
very  short,  strongly  rounded,  passing  over  by  also  very  rounded 
angles  to  the  two  long  sides.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact.  Very 
many  of  the  dorsal  plates  in  the  proximal  region  of  the  arms  are 
divided  into  two  by  a  longitudinal  or  somewhat  oblique  groove  which 
is  usually  found  near  the  middle. 

The  first  under  arm  plate,  which  is  narrowed  by  the  neighboring 
external  mouth  papillae,  is  very  small  and  triangular,  with  the  apex 
proximal.  The  others  are  large,  pentagonal,  broader  than  long,  with  a 
very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides;  their  dis- 


164  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

tal  border,  which  is  also  straight,  is  sometimes  very  slight  sinuous; 
the  lateral  angles  are  slightly  rounded.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  poorly  developed,  especially  on  the  dorsal 
side;  they  carry  three  strong  subequal  spines,  the  length  of  which 
equals  at  least  a  segment  and  a  half.  The  two  ventral  spines  are 
cylindrical,  with  the  tip  rounded,  while  the  dorsal  spine  is  sharply 
flattened;  its  extremity  is  also  rounded. 

The  two  tentacle  scales  are  extremely  large,  especially  the  distal, 
which  is  inserted  along  the  whole  lateral  border  of  the  under  arm 
plate;  it  is  squamiform  and  very  broad.  The  proximal  scale,  in- 
serted on  the  side  arm  plate,  is  smaller,  triangular  in  form,  with  the 
tip  rounded.  These  two  scales  are  very  exactly  in  contact. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  a  light  brownish  yellow. 
The  dorsal  plates  at  the  tip  of  the  two  longer  arms  as  preserved  are 
seen  to  show  irregular  brownish  spots. 

I  was  very  glad  on  receiving  Matsumoto's  work  of  1917  to  find 
therein  a  description  and  figures  of  A.  kochii,  which  confirmed  abso- 
lutely my  determination.  Matsumoto,  who  has  examined  numerous 
specimens  of  A.  kockii  from  Misaki,  states  that  the  species  is  very 
variable.  The  form  of  the  mouth  shields  which  he  shows  agrees  well 
with  that  which  I  have  observed  in  the  specimen  collected  by  the 
Albatross,  and  I  notice  that  on  one  of  the  two  figures  which  he  has 
given  of  the  dorsal  surface,  the  mouth  shield  is  appreciably  longer 
than  in  the  other.  The  form  of  the  mouth  shields  may  therefore 
vary  to  a  certain  degree,  and  this  explains  the  difference  which  I 
find  between  my  specimen  and  Liitken's  type. 

AMPHIPHOLIS  LORIPES,  new  species. 

Plate  68,  figs.  4,  5. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5375;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicin- 
ity; Tayabas  Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  49°  W.,  33.73  kilometers 
(18.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  42'  15"  N.,  long.  121°  50'  15"  E.) ;  196 
meters  (107  fathoms) ;  March  2,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41190,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  incomplete,  and  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  is  torn ;  the  diameter  of  the  part  which  remains  scarcely 
reaches  3  mm.  The  arms  are  narrow,  extremely  long,  and  must  cer- 
tainly reach  100  mm.  in  length.  In  spite  of  the  incomplete  state  of 
the  only  specimen,  its  principal  characters  may  be  perfectly  well 
recognized,  and  it  can  be  shown  that  it  does  not  belong  to  any  known 
species. 

The  mouth  shields  are  very  large,  longer  than  broad,  lozenge- 
shaped,  with  the  angles  very  rounded  and  the  sides  slightly  convex. 
The  adoral  plates  are  small,  triangular,  with  the  borders  slightly 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      165 

concave;  they  are  narrowed  inwardly  and  do  not  reach  the  median 
interradial  line;  but  outwardly  they  are  much  broadened  and  sepa- 
rate the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates 
are  high,  twice  as  high  as  broad.  The  proximal  mouth  papilla  is  not 
very  large ;  it  is  rectangular,  with  the  oral  border  a  little  broadened  ; 
the  second,  a  little  smaller,  is  conical,  rather  thick,  with  the  tip  trun- 
cated; the  external  papilla,  which  is  inserted  both  on  the  oral  and 
on  the  adoral  plate,  is  broadened,  and  twice  as  broad  as  long;  its 
proximal  border  is  markedly  larger  than  the  distal  border;  this 
gives  it  a  form  resembling  a  triangle  of  which  the  apex  is  slightly 
produced. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large,  and  they  cover  a  large  proportion 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms.  They  are  almost  semicircular, 
with  the  proximal  border  very  regularly  rounded,  and  the  distal 
border  almost  straight;  the  lateral  angles  are  also  rounded.  They 
are  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  are  separated  by  a  narrow  in- 
terval occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  triangular,  with  the  distal  border 
straight  and  the  lateral  angles  much  rounded.  The  following  plates 
are  pentagonal,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  an  obtuse  proximal 
angle  bordered  by  two  straight  sides,  the  lateral  borders  straight  or 
slightly  notched  by  the  tentacle  scale,  and  the  distal  side  excavated 
in  the  middle.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  bear  three  subequal 
conical  spines  with  the  point  blunted,  of  which  the  length  almost 
reaches  that  of  the  segment. 

The  single  tentacle  scale,  which  is  of  medium  size,  is  slightly  elon- 
gated, with  the  tip  rounded. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  species  of  AmpMpholis 
having  only  a  single  tentacle  scale  are  not  numerous.  A.  vitax 
Koehler,  which  the  Siboga  collected  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  be- 
longs to  this  category,  but  it  possesses  many  arm  spines  and  a  very 
different  arrangement  of  the  mouth  plates;  our  species  can  not  be 
confused  with  it. 

AMPHIPHOLIS  MISERA  (Koehler). 

Plate  70,  figs.  4-8. 

Amphiura  miscra  KCEHLEE  ('99),  pi.  8,  figs.  61-65. 
Amphipholis  misera  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  243. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5100;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  16°  E.,  10.56  kilometers  (5.7  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  14°  17'  15"  N.,  long.  120°  32'  40"  E.)  ;  64  meters   (35 
fathoms)  ;  January  2,  1908;  gy.  S. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41302,  U.S.N.M.). 


166  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5371;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  43°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  49'  40"  N.,  long.  121°  40'  15"  E.) ;  152  meters  (83  fathoms) ; 
February  24,  1909;  gn.  M.  (m.  b.). 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41159,  41301,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5537;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  46°  W.,  16.12  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
11'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  23'  00"  E.) ;  464  meters  (254  fathoms) ;  August 
19,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41303,  U.S.N.M.). 

Hakodate,  Japan. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41305,  U.S.N.M.). 

Nan  Wan,  Formosa  (Taiwan). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41304,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  from  station  5371  are  of  large  size;  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  7  mm.,  and  the  arms  exceed  50  mm.  in 
length;  the  others  are  much  smaller. 

I  notice  some  variations  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields;  these 
are  triangular  and  rather  narrow  and  a  little  longer  than  broad  in 
the  specimen  from  Hakodate  (pi.  70,  fig.  8)  and  in  those  from  station 
5100 ;  they  are  triangular  and  very  much  broadened,  as  long  as  broad, 
or  even  a  little  broader  than  long,  in  the  specimen  from  station  5537 
(fig.  5) ;  in  the  two  from  station  5371  they  are  lozenge-shaped  (fig. 
6).  The  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  largest  in  the 
specimen  from  station  5537,  and  in  this  a  large  dorsocentral  with 
five  primary  radials,  though  only  slightly  evident,  may  be  made  out 
(fig.  4),  while  in  that  from  Hakodate  all  the  plates  are  small  and 
equal;  in  those  from  station  5371,  which  are  larger,  the  primary 
rosette  is  fairly  distinct,  and  the  five  radials  are  smaller  than  the 
dorsocentral  (fig.  7) ;  this  primary  rosette  is  also  recognizable  in  the 
individual  from  station  5100. 

It  is  to  be  noticed  that  the  different  specimens  mentioned  above 
come  from  somewhat  different  depths;  that  from  station  5371  was 
captured  at  152  meters  (83  fathoms),  that  from  station  5537  at  464 
meters  (254  fathoms),  and  that  from  station  5100  at  64  meters  (35 
fathoms)  ;  the  depth  of  the  habitat  of  the  individuals  from  Hako- 
date and  from  Formosa  is  not  mentioned. 

The  variations  which  I  have  just  noted  are  of  secondary  signifi- 
cance, and  we  are  undoubtedly  dealing  with  the  same  species,  of 
which  the  essential  characters  as  a  whole  conform  with  those  which 
I  have  described  in  the  type  of  A.  misera,  which  was  captured  by 
the  Investigator  among  the  Andaman  Islands  at  a  depth  of  485 
meter  (265  fathoms)  and  which  was  only  represented  by  a  single 
specimen,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  did  not  exceed  4  mm. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      167 
AMPHIODIA  CRASSA   (Kochler). 

Plate  69,  fig.  11. 

Amphiura  crassa  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  83,  pi.  15,  figs.  1,  2. 
Amphiodia  crassa  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  249. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5145;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  S.  16°  E.,  1.57  kilometers  (0.85  mile)  distant  (lat.  6°  04' 
30"  N.,  long.  120°  59'  30"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  February 
15,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40951,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5261;  off  southeastern  Mindoro;  Balanja  Point 
bearing  N.  80°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat,  12°  30'  55" 
N.,  long.  121°  34'  24"  E.)  ;  265  meters  (145  fathoms)  ;  June  4,  1908; 
S.,  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40952,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5282;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  84°  W.,  11.5  kilometers 
(6.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  53'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  26'  45"  E.) ; 
453  meters  (248  fathoms) ;  July  18.  1908 ;  dk.  gy.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40953,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  all  of  small  size,  and  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  scarcely  reaches  3  mm.  They  are  therefore  very  much 
smaller  than  the  type  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  12  mm 
I  show  here  the  ventral  surface  of  the  specimen  from  station  5282., 
and  it  may  be  noticed  that  in  this  young  individual  the  external 
mouth  papilla  is  broader  than  the  two  others;  from  this  it  may  be 
asked  whether  the  species  should  not  be  placed  in  the  genus  Amphi- 
pholis,  but  as  in  the  adult  the  three  papillae  have  almost  the  same 
dimensions  and  collectively  form  a  very  regular  row,  the  assignment 
of  the  species  to  the  genus  AmpJdodia  is  more  correct ;  this  is  also  the 
classification  adopted  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  1905.  I  may  remark  also 
that  in  these  young  specimens  the  oral  plates  are  low,  broadened, 
and  triangular,  while  in  the  Siboga  specimens  they  are  short  and 
rounded. 

Apart  from  these  differences  in  the  form  of  the  external  mouth 
papilla  and  of  the  oral  plate,  these  young  specimens  agree  entirely 
with  the  type;  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  have  exactly  the  same 
characters,  and  the  arm  spines  are  always  five  in  number,  the  first 
ventral  being  very  strongly  thickened. 

The  type  of  A.  crassa  was  found  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda 
Archipelago  at  depths  between  450  and  2,291  meters  (245  to  1,250 
fathoms).  The  Albatross  specimens  were  dredged  at  depths  of  42, 
265,  and  453  meters  (23,  145,  and  248  fathoms).  If  there  has  not 
been  an  error  in  the  labeling,  the  very  great  range  in  depth  between 


168  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  two  extreme  Siboga  stations  is  still  further  increased  by  the 
Albatross  stations,  and  the  species  rises  to  within  the  littoral  zone. 

AMPHIODIA  DEBITA,  new  species. 

Plate  69,  figs.  3,  4. 

Locality. — Otaru,  Japan. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41199,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — All  the  specimens  are  incomplete ;  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  is  torn  off,  and  none  of  the  arms  is  preserved  for  the  full 
length ;  the  largest  is  40  mm.  long.  The  arms  must  have  been  very 
long. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  pentagonal , 
with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle,  limited  by  two  straight  sides; 
these  unite  over  very  rounded  angles  with  two  other  sides,  which  are 
shorter  than  the  preceding,  and  which  converge  toward  the  distal 
border  with  which  they  form  a  rounded  angle;  this  distal  border 
itself  is  narrow  and  almost  straight.  The  adoral  plates  are  small, 
triangular,  tapering  inwardly,  but  in  contact  in  the  median  inter- 
radial  line;  they  broaden  outwardly  and  by  a  narrow  process  sepa- 
rate the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates 
are  small  and  rather  high.  The  three  mouth  papillae  are  subequal, 
thick,  short,  and  rounded ;  the  two  external  are  inserted  on  the  oral 
plate.  The  proximal  is  not  larger  than  the  others. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  large  and  by  themselves  cover 
almost  the  entire  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms ;  they  are  almost  semi- 
circular, with  the  proximal  border  very  strongly  convex,  and  the 
distal  border  straight  or  slightly  rounded;  the  lateral  angles  are 
also  rounded.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  triangular,  broader  than  long, 
with  the  proximal  base  strongly  notched  and  the  distal  angle 
rounded.  The  following  plates  are  rather  small,  pentagonal,  broader 
than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle,  straight 
lateral  borders,  and  a  distal  side  more  or  less  strongly  notched  in  the 
middle.  These  plates  are  in  contact,  but,  because  of  the  notching  of 
their  distal  border,  there  remains  between  the  successive  plates  a 
more  or  less  marked  interval  filled  with  soft  tissue. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  only  slightly  projecting,  carry  three 
subequal  conical  spines  with  the  point  blunted;  their  length  almost 
equals  that  of  the  segment.  The  surface  of  these  spines  is  smooth ; 
the  ventral  spine  is  a  little  thicker  than  the  two  others. 

The  tentacle  scales  are  two  in  number;  the  external,  rounded  and 
inserted  on  the  side  arm  plate,  is  of  medium  size;  but  the  internal, 
inserted  on  the  whole  length  of  the  external  border  of  the  under  arm 
plate,  is  very  large,  elongated,  and  broad,  with  the  free  border  convex. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      169 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphiodia  debita  is  distin- 
guished from  all  the  other  species  of  Amphiodia  with  two  tentacle 
scales  and  three  arm  spines  by  the  unusual  dimensions  of  the  inner 
tentacle  scale.  It  possibly  approaches  A.  brocki  (Doderlein)  which 
has,  like  itself,  three  equal  mouth  papillae,  but  the  adoral  plates  are 
not  in  contact  in  the  interradial  median  line,  the  under  arm  plates 
are  as  long  as  broad  with  the  distal  border  convex,  and,  although 
the  two  tentacle  scales  are  rather  large,  the  dimensions  of  the  internal 
scale  are  inferior  to  those  which  we  see  in  A.  debita. 

In  its  three  almost  equal  arm  spines,  in  the  form  of  the  mouth 
shields,  and  in  the  size  of  the  tentacle  scales,  the  new  species  recalls 
A.  grata  (Kcehler)  of  the  Siboga  expedition,  which  is  an  abyssal 
species ;  but  this  latter  possesses  numerous  arm  spines  and  the  upper 
and  under  arm  plates  are  of  an  entirely  different  form. 

A.  debita  approaches  A.  liitkeni  (Ljungman) ;  that  species  is  espe- 
cially characterized  by  the  presence  at  the  border  of  the  disk  of 
little  spines,  a  character  which  we  can  not  determine  here,  as  the 
disk  is  torn  off,  but  the  internal  tentacle  scale  is  shorter,  the  arm 
spines  are  very  much  thicker,  and  the  mouth  papillae  are  more  elon- 
gated. It  is  evidently  a  very  different  species.  Amphiodia  debita 
also  can  not  be  confused  with  A.  oceidentalis  (Lyman)  from  Cali- 
fornia, in  which  the  mouth  shields  have  a  different  form,  or  A.  ochro- 
leuca  (Brock),  in  which  the  tentacle  scales  are  moderately  developed, 
but  in  which  the  mouth  shields  and  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates 
have  a  different  form,  and  in  which  the  mouth  papillae  are  unequal. 
Amphiodia  urtica  (Lyman)  recalls  our  species  in  its  mouth  plates, 
but  its  tentacle  scales  are  very  small. 

AMPHIOPLUS  LEGATUS,  new  species. 

Plate  67,  figs.  1-3 ;  plate  96,  fig.  9. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5119;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  35.03  kilometers  (18.9 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  45'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  30'  30"  E.) ;  721  meters 
(394  fathoms) ;  January  21,  1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41179,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10  mm. ;  four  arms  are 
broken  off  at  a  short  distance  from  the  base,  and  the  fifth  is  pre- 
served for  a  length  of  150  mm.  The  jar  contains  in  addition  two 
fragments  of  arms,  of  which  one  exceeds  40  mm. ;  the  arms  therefore 
must  be  fairly  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  a  little  depressed  in  the  middle  of  the  inter- 
radial  spaces,  and  slightly  excavated  above  the  insertions  of  the 
arms ;  it  is  rather  thick.  The  two  surfaces  are  plane,  and  the  borders 
are  very  rounded. 


170-          BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  dorsal  surface  is  uniformly  covered  with  small,  imbricated, 
subequal,  rounded  plates,  becoming  a  little  larger  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  radial  shields  and  a  little  smaller  towards  the  periphery  of  the 
disk;  there  is  not  the  slightest  indication  of  primary  plates.  The 
medium-sized  radial  shields  are  triangular,  with  a  straight  internal 
border  and  a  convex  external  border;  they  are  two  and  a  half  times 
as  long  as  broad.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  only  in  contact 
by  their  external  angle,  diverging  rather  strongly  inwardly;  the 
•length  of  these  shields  is  less  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

Passing  to  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  the  plates  become  very 
much  smaller  and  especially  extremely  narrow ;  they  are  imbricated, 
very  closely  crowded,  and  retain  the  same  form  over  the  whole  extent 
of  the  ventral  surface.  The  genital  slits  are  very  broad. 

The  medium-sized  mouth  shields  are  large,  longer  than  broad, 
pentagonal,  with  the  proximal  angle  very  broadly  rounded,  bounded 
by  two  somewhat  sinuous  and  slightly  divergent  sides  which  pass 
over  strongly  obtuse  and  very  rounded  angles  to  the  two  lateral 
borders ;  these  are  a  little  shorter  and  gently  convex ;  the  distal  bor- 
der is  narrow,  almost  straight  or  slightly  rounded.  The  adoral 
plates,  which  are  of  medium  size  and  short,  are  triangular,  broader 
outwardly  than  inwardly,  where,  however,  they  are  still  rather 
broad,  and  terminate  in  a  rounded  angle;  they  are  not  quite  in  con- 
tact in  the  median  interradial  line.  The  oral  plates  are  small  and 
rather  low.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae,  four  in  number,  are  not 
greatly  developed ;  the  proximal  papilla  is  rather  stout,  conical,  with 
the  tip  rounded;  the  following  is  small  and  conical;  the  third  is 
larger  and  broader,  and  rounded;  the  fourth  is  very  much  smaller 
and  still  more  rounded.  These  two  last  are  inserted  on  the  adoral 
plate. 

Compared  with  the  diameter  of  the  disk,  the  arms  are  narrow  and 
slender.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  not  very  broad,  but  the  under 
arm  plates  are  extremely  narrow.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  half 
again  as  broad  as  long,  triangular  in  shape,  with  the  proximal  angle 
broadly  rounded,  and  a  very  convex  distal  border;  their  form  may 
even  become  biconvex ;  they  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  quadrangular,  broader  than 
long.  The  following  plates  are,  as  I  have  just  said,  especially  nar- 
row; they  are  pentagonal,  longer  than  broad,  with  a  very  obtuse 
and  broadly  truncated  proximal  angle,  straight  sides,  and  a  slightly 
rounded  distal  border ;  they  are  all  in  contact. 

The  well-developed  side  arm  plates  carry  at  the  base  of  the  arms 
six  spines  which  are  almost  equal  in  size ;  the  two  first,  however,  are 
the  largest,  then  the  size  decreases  to  the  last  dorsal  which  is  shorter 
than  the  arm  segment.  These  spines  are  slightly  flattened,  and  much 
broadened  in  their  proximal  half ;  they  taper  rather  rapidly  in  their 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      171 

distal  half  which  terminates  in  a  rounded  point;  on  the  second  and 
third  ventral  spine  the  tip  is  slightly  incurved,  but  strictly  speaking 
it  does  not  form  a  hook.  The  surface  of  the  first  ventral  spine  and 
of  the  last  dorsal  is  simply  rugose,  but  the  others  show  narrow  and 
elongated  teeth  which  are  very  closely  crowded,  especially  in  the 
basal  half  of  the  spine,  and  principally  along  the  proximal  border, 
and  which  disappear  in  the  terminal  part  (pi.  96,  fig.  9). 

The  two  tentacle  scales  are  very  small,  equal,  oval  in  form,  and 
stand  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  greenish,  and  rather  light. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  species  of  the  genus  Am- 
phioplus  possessing  two  tentacle  scales  are  very  numerous,  and  in 
general  are  very  closely  related  to  each  other,  though  easy  to  dis- 
tinguish. The  new  species  can  not  be  confused  with  any  deep  sea 
form  known  from  the  Indian  or  Pacific  Oceans.  Amphioplus  con- 
ftnis  Kcehler  has  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  very  large  and  the 
mouth  shields  triangular;  A.  debilis  (Kcehler)  and  A.  firmus 
(Kcehler)  also  have  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  rather  large  and 
the  mouth  shields  triangular;  in  A.  depressus  (Ljungman)  the  two 
radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact  and  the  under  arm  plates 
are  very  broad.  Among  the  littoral  species,  A.  causatus  (Koehler), 
A.  cesareus  (Koehler),  A.  conditus  (Kcehler),  A.  hastatus  (Ljung- 
man), A.  integer  (Ljungman),  A.  intermedius  (Kcehler),  A.  laevis 
(Lyman).  and  A.  praestans  (Koehler)  all  have  the  radial  shields 
elongated  and  in  contact  except  A.  conditus  in  which  the  shields  are 
divergent,  but  that  species  possesses  distinct  primary  plates  and  the 
mouth  shields  have  a  very  much  elongated  and  pointed  proximal 
angle.  The  other  species  of  Amphioplus  differ  greatly  from  the  new 
species,  and  it  can  not  be  confused  with  any  of  them. 

The  majority  of  the  species  which  I  have  just  named  possess  only 
three  arm  spines.  Amphioplus  rhadinobrachius  H.  L.  Clark  and  A. 
acanthinus  H.  L.  Clark  are  also  in  this  category,  and,  furthermore, 
they  differ  from  our  species  in  numerous  other  characters.  Amphi- 
oplus lobatus  Ljungman,  from  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  is  only 
known  from  Ljungman's  very  short  diagnosis;  it  possesses  six  arm 
spines,  but  the  terms  "boucliers  radiaux  allonges,"  as  well  as  "  plaques 
brachiales  dorsales  deux  fois  et  demie  plus  larges  que  longues, 
plaques  brachiales  ventrales  a  bord  distal  emargine,"  are  characters 
which  do  not  apply  to  our  species.  A  Japanese  form  which  was 
described  by  H.  L.  Clark  under  the  name  of  A.  lobatodes  is  perhaps 
identical  with  A.  lolatus  (H.  L.  Clark,  '15,  p.  254,  pi.  7,  figs.  12, 13) ; 
but  A.  legatus  is  very  distinct  from  it,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing 
my  photographs  with  those  of  H.  L.  Clark ;  the  mouth  shields  espe- 
cially have  a  very  different  form,  and  the  under  arm  plates,  which  are 
as  broad  as  long  in  A.  lobatodes,  are  not  narrow  as  in  A.  legatus. 


172  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

AMPHIOPLUS  CONDUCTUS,  new  species. 

Plate  67?  figs.  4-6. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5410;  between  Cebu  and  Leyte;  Baga- 
cay  Point  Light  bearing  'S.  37°  W.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  10°  28'  45"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  30"  E.)  ;  704  meters  (385 
fathoms) ;  March  18,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen   (Cat.  No.  41161,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  in  fairly  good  condition,  although 
none  of  the  arms  are  complete ;  one  of  them  is  preserved  for  a  length 
of  almost  60  mm.  The  arms  must  be  very  long;  they  are  slender 
and  narrow,  and  maintain  the  same  width  throughout  the  entire 
remaining  portions. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm. ;  the  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal 
and  ventral  surfaces  are  slightly  convex,  and  the  borders  are  thin. 
The  dorsal  surface  is  uniformly  covered  with  almost  equal  plates,  a 
little  larger  in  the  central  region  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial 
shields,  a  little  smaller  in  the  middle  of  the  interradial  spaces  and 
at  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  The  radial  shields  are  rather  narrow, 
elongated,  at  least  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  a  straight  in- 
ternal border  and  a  slightly  convex  external  border ;  the  two  shields 
of  each  pair  are  in  contact  only  by  their  external  right  angle;  in- 
wardly they  diverge  rather  slowly.  Their  length  is  less  than  half 
the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  is  uniformly  covered  with  thin,  rounded,  equal 
plates,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  imbricated,  and  becoming  more  closely 
crowded  in  the  vicinity  of  the  mouth  shields  and  of  the  genital  slits. 
These  last  are  broad  and  very  evident. 

The  mouth  shields  are  cordiform,  almost  as  broad  as  long,  with  a 
major  portion  triangular,  bounded  by  two  convex  sides  passing  over 
a  rather  open  proximal  angle,  and  a  distal  lobe  which  is  broader 
than  long  and  rounded.  The  adoral  plates  are  triangular,  broader 
outwardly  than  inwardly,  always  in  contact  in  the  interradial  median 
line  by  a  small  straight  side,  and  giving  off  outwardly  a  process  which 
separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  half  again  as  high  as  broad. 
The  mouth  papillae  are  four  in  number.  The  internal  papilla  is 
broadened,  rectangular,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  the  proximal 
border  rounded  or  in  the  form  of  a  very  blunted  point;  the  three 
others  are  conical;  the  second  papilla  is  the  smallest,  while  the  two 
external  are  larger  and  subequal;  they  are  inserted  on  the  adoral 
plate.  Below  the  second  papilla  may  be  seen  the  elongated  and  spini- 
form  tentacle  scale  of  the  first  mouth  pore. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large  and  cover  the  greater  part  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  arms;  they  are  almost  semicircular,  with  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      173 

proximal  border  broadly  convex ;  the  distal  border  is  slightly  rounded. 
These  plates  are  separated  from  the  base  of  the  arms  outward  by  an 
extremely  narrow  space  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rectangular,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
with  the  sides  slightly  excavated.  The  following  plates  are_Jarge, 
almost  as  long  as  broad,  pentagonal,  with  the  proximal  angle  trun- 
cated, the  sides  straight,  and  the  distal  border  straight  or  slightly  con- 
cave. They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  at  first  five  spines,  the  number  then  fall- 
ing very  quickly  to  four,  and  a  little  further  on  to  three.  These 
spines  are  slender,  elongated,  conical,  and  subequal,  and  their  length 
equals  that  of  the  segment.  Their  surface  is  rugose,  especially  that 
of  the  second  ventral  spine,  which  shows  very  fine  asperities  and  of 
which  the  tip  shows  two  little  hooks  forming  a  right  angle  with  the 
axis  of  the  spine,  thus  causing  it  to  appear  bihamulate ;  this  character 
is  very  marked  in  my  specimen. 

The  tentacle  scales,  two  in  number,  are  small,  elongated  and  oval, 
and  stand  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  slightly  pinkish  white  on 
the  dorsal  surface ;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  gray. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — It  may  be  seen  from  the  pre- 
ceding description  that  A.  conductus  is  very  close  to  the  species  which 
I  described  above  under  the  name  of  A.  legatus.  I  have  placed  them 
side  by  side  on  the  same  plate  so  that  the  resemblances  and  also  the 
differences  might  be  easily  appreciated.  The  differences  do  not  per- 
mit of  the  least  confusion  between  them.  The  disk,  rather  flattened 
with  the  borders  rounded  in  A.  legatus,  is  thicker  in  A.  conductus , 
and  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  are  so  closely 
crowded  and  so  short  in  A.  legatus,  are  rounded  and  as  long  as  broad 
here ;  the  radial  shields  are  narrower,  more  elongated,  and  less  diver- 
gent. The  mouth  shields  are  shorter,  cordiform,  and  more  broad- 
ened in  A.  conductus,  while  they  are  relatively  elongated  in  A.  legatus, 
and  the  adoral  plates  are  always  in  contact  in  the  interradial  median 
line  in  A.  conductus.  The  under  arm  plates  are  remarkably  narrow 
in  A.  legatus,  and  in  this  respect  the  difference  between  the  two  species 
is  striking.  The  arm  spines,  which  are  six  in  the  first  species,  have 
the  tip  recurved,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  they  show  fine,  elongated, 
and  closely  crowded  denticulations  which  are  completely  lacking  in 
A.  conductus  where  the  spines,  at  first  five  in  number,  and  then  four, 
are  simply  rugose,  and  the  second  ventral  is  bihamulate.  These 
differences  are  sufficient  to  prevent  any  confusion  between  the  two 
species. 


174  BULLETIN    100,    UNITED   STATES    NATIONAL   MUSKUA1. 

AMPHIOPLUS  IMPRESSUS   (Ljungman). 

Plate  64,  figs.  3,  4. 

Amphipholis  impressa  LJUNGMAN  ('66),  p.  314. 
Amphiura  impressa  LYMAN   ('82),  p.  148. 
Amphioplus  impressa  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  258. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5369;  Marinduque  Island  and  vi- 
cinity; Tayabas  Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  50°  W.,  16.30  kilometers 
(8.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  48'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  43'  00"  E.) ; 
194  meters  (106  fathoms)  ;  February  24,  1909;  bk.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41170,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5371;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  43°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  49'  40"  N.,  long.  121°  40'  15"  E.) ;  152  meters  (83  fathoms)  ; 
February  24, 1909;  gn.  M.  (m.  b.). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41171,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  in  the  two  specimens  is  8  mm.  and 
6.5  mm.  respectively;  the  arms  are  incomplete  in  both;  one  of  the 
arms  of  the  smaller  may  have  had  a  length  of  about  37  mm.  or  38  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  slightly  convex  on  the  two  surfaces,  with  the 
borders  thin.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  rather  large  and 
stout  plates,  especially  in  the  central  region,  which  become  smaller 
toward  the  periphery;  these  plates  are  polygonal,  rounded,  and 
slightly  imbricated.  A  central  rosette  of  rounded  primary  plates, 
all  of  the  same  size  and  scarcely  larger  than  the  neighboring  plates, 
may  be  with  difficulty  distinguished ;  the  radials  are  in  contact  with 
the  dorsal  central  plate,  but  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a  nar- 
row plate.  At  the  periphery  of  the  disk  there  may  be  distingushed 
a  very  marked  bordering  made  up  of  rectangular  plates  which  are 
broader  than  long.  All  these  plates  bear  on  their  surface  extremely 
fine  striae  which  are  irregularly  sinuous,  recalling  the  striae  of  the 
madreporic  plate  of  a  starfish,  but  very  much  finer  and  less  evident. 
The  radial  shields  are  elongated,  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  with 
the  external  border  convex,  the  internal  border  straight,  and  the 
proximal  angle  sharp;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact 
through  three-quarters  or  four-fifths  of  their  length,  and  they  are 
separated  inwardly  by  a  small  triangular  plate.  The  surface  of  these 
shields  shows  striae  similar  to  those  of  the  other  plates  of  the  disk, 
but  these  striae  are  much  broader  and  deeper,  and  consequently  more 
evident. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small,  subequal, 
polygonal  or  rounded,  and  slightly  imbricated,  plates.  The  genital 
slits  are  very  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  lozenge-shaped,  a  little  longer  than  broad  in 
the  larger  specimen,  and  almost  as  long  as  broad  in  the  other;  the 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      175 

two  proximal  sides  are  slightly  longer  than  the  two  others,  and  they 
are  united  by  an  acute  angle,  while  the  distal  sides  are  united  by  a 
very  broadly  rounded  angle.  The  medium-sized  adoral  plates  are 
narrowed  inwardly,  but  they  are  in  contact  in  the  interradial  median 
line  by  a  narrow  border.  They  have  a  straight  proximal  side  and  a 
slightly  excavated  distal  side;  they  are  broadened  outwardly,  and 
separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  triangular,  rather  low,  a  little  broader  than  high.  The 
terminal  mouth  papilla,  which  is  of  medium  size,  is  conical,  almost 
as  long  as  broad;  the  second  is  very  small,  conical,  and  pointed; 
the  third  is  a  little  larger  and  rounded;  the  fourth,  or  external,  is 
large,  squamiform,  broader  than  long  with  the  free  border  rounded. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large  and  cover  a  large  part  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  arm ;  they  are  almost  semicircular,  with  a  very 
convex  proximal  border,  and  a  slightly  rounded  distal  border  show- 
ing in  the  middle  a  small  and  very  slightly  accentuated  lobe.  These 
plates  are  half  again  as  broad  as  long.  They  are  barely  in  contact 
at  the  base  of  the  arms  in  the  large  specimen,  and  beyond  are  sepa- 
rated by  a  narrow  interval;  in  the  smaller  they  are  separated  from 
the  bases  of  the  arms  outward. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  pentagonal,  as  long  as  broad,  or  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle.  The  follow- 
ing plates  are  pentagonal,  markedly  broader  than  long,  with  an 
obtuse  proximal  angle,  straight  sides,  and  an  almost  straight  or 
very  slightly  convex  distal  border;  they  are  separated  beyond  the 
second.  In  the  small  specimen  the  second  and  third  plates  are  still 
triangular  in  form,  and  become  pentagonal  from  the  fourth  outward. 

The  slightly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  three  poorly  devel- 
oped arm  spines;  the  central  spine  is  a  little  longer  and  a  little 
stouter  than  the  two  others,  its  length  equalling  almost  that  of  a 
segment.  These  spines  are  conical,  with  the  point  blunted,  and  their 
surface  is  smooth. 

The  two  tentacle  scales  are  small,  placed  side  by  side,  parallel  to 
the  distal  border  of  the  side  arm  plate ;  the  proximal  scale  is  a  little 
longer  than  the  other,  which  is  inserted  on  the  under  arm  plate,  and 
which  is  rounded. 

Although  Ljungman's  description  is  very  short  and  somewhat 
lacking  in  precision,  I  do  not  think  I  am  wrong  in  assigning  the  two 
Albatross  specimens  to  his  Amphipholis  impressa.  All  the  charac- 
ters which  I  observe  are  in  perfect  accord  with  those  given  by  that 
author.  I  translate  the  word  "impressis,"  which  he  applies  to  the 
dorsal  plates  of  the  disk,  by  "gravees,"  and  I  suppose  that  Ljung- 
man  intended  by  this  word  to  call  attention  to  the  sinuous  lines  which 
give  the  more  or  less  deep  "  impressions  "  on  the  surface  of  the  plates. 


176  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Ljungman's  type  was  captured  in  deep  water  between  Bat  a  via  and 
Singapore. 

AMPHIOPLUS  LUCIDUS,  new  species. 

Plate  68,  figs.  6-10 ;  plate  96,  fig.  10. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5161;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group;  Tinakta  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  12°  W.,  3.33  kilometers 
(1.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  10'  15"  N.,  long.  119°  53'  00"  E.,  29 
meters  (16  fathoms)  ;  February  22, 1908;  fne.  S.,  blk.  Sp. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41127,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5371;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  43°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  49'  40"  N.,  long.  121°  40'  15"  E.) ;  152  meters  (83  fathoms) ; 
February  24,  1909;  gn.  M.  (m.  b.). 

One  specimen  (Gat.  No.  41126,  U.S..N.M.). 

Description. — All  the  specimens  are  incomplete ;  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  is  torn  off,  and  the  arms  are  not  preserved  for  their  Avhole 
length.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5371,  which  is  the  largest,  the 
portion  of  the  disk  which  remains  has  a  diameter  of  3.5  mm.,  and  the 
arms  are  preserved  for  a  fairly  long  distance ;  one  of  them  measures 
90  mm.,  and  the  width  remains  the  same  for  all  this  length ;  it  is  cer- 
tain that  these  arms  were  extremely  long.  I  shall  describe  this  species 
more  especially  from  this  specimen,  but  as  the  radial  shields  have 
not  quite  the  same  form  as  in  those  from  station  5161,  I  shall  also 
give  the  characters  of  these  as  found  in  the  latter. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5371  (pi.  68,  fig.  9)  the  mouth  shields 
are  much  elongated  and  relatively  narrow ;  they  are  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  quadrangular,  with  a  narrow  and  very  strongly  rounded  proxi- 
mal border,  a  broader  and  also  rounded  distal  border,  and  straight  or 
very  slightly  concave  and  slightly  divergent  sides.  In  the  two  speci- 
mens from  station  5161,  of  which  I  give  photographs  in  figures  6  and  7. 
it  may  be  seen  that  the  mouth  shields  may  become  markedly  broader, 
and  their  form  even  somewhat  different  in  these  two  specimens ;  they 
are,  however,  always  longer  than  broad.  But  in  the  specimen  shown 
in  figure  7  two  of  these  shields  become  cordiform;  they  show  a  major 
triangular  portion  of  which  the  angles  are  rounded,  and  a  distal  lobe 
which  is  as  long  as  broad ;  while  in  the  other  shields  this  lobe  is 
merged  with  the  principal  portion  of  the  plate,  which,  as  a  whole,  is 
lozenge-shaped  with  the  sides  rounded  and  the  distal  angle  truncated 
(two  of  the  shields  appear  shorter  in  my  photograph  because  they  are 
seen  foreshortened).  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size, 
are  triangular,  tapering  inwardly,  but  contiguous  in  the  median  in- 
terradial  line  by  a  very  narrow  border ;  they  are  broadened  outwardly 
and  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The 
oral  plates  are  rather  large,  twice  as  high  as  broad.  The  mouth 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     177 

papillae  are  four  in  number.  The  terminal  papilla  is  strong,  elon- 
gated, thick,  and  conical,  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  the  three  others  are 
rather  small  and  rounded ;  the  second,  inserted  on  the  oral  plate,  is 
the  smallest,  and  the  third,  which  arises  in  the  angle  between  the  oral 
and  adoral  plates,  is  larger,  somewhat  squamiform  and  broadened; 
the  fourth,  which  is  sometimes  separated  from  the  preceding  by  a 
narrow  interval,  is  smaller;  it  is  inserted  on  the  adoral  plate.  Be- 
tween the  first  and  the  second  papilla,  and  on  a  higher  level,  may  be 
seen  the  papilla  of  the  mouth  tentacle  pore,  which  is  conical  and 
rather  short. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  very  large,  and  they  cover  almost  the 
entire  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms.  They  are  almost  biconvex,  but 
the  distal  border  sometimes  divides  into  two  short  sides  which  are 
united  by  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  angle.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  pla{e  is  very  small,  triangular,  with  a  rather 
marked  proximal  angle  in  the  specimen  from  station  5161  (fig.  7), 
while  in  that  from  station  5371  (fig.  9)  it  is  a  little  larger  and  rec- 
tangular. The  following  plates  are  pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse 
proximal  angle,  the  sides  slightly  notched  by  the  tentacle  pore,  and 
the  distal  border  more  or  less  excavated  in  the  middle;  they  are  a 
little  broader  than  long  in  the  specimen  from  station  5371,  and  in  the 
others  they  are  as  long  as  broad,  or  even  a  little  longer  than  broad. 
They  are  at  first  in  contact,  then  becoming  separated  by  a  short  in- 
terval at  a  greater  or  lesser  distance  from  the  disk. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  bear  at  the  base  of 
the  arms  seven  or  eight  spines.  This  figure  falls  to  six,  and  then  to 
five.  These  spines  are  small,  conical,  subequal,  and  a  little  shorter 
than  the  segment.  The  second  and  third  ventral  spines  are  termi- 
nated by  a  small  hyaline  point  recurved  toward  the  arm  tip,  thus 
forming  a  small  hook  which  is  more  or  less  accentuated.  In  the  basal 
half  and  on  its  proximal  border  the  second  spine  ordinarily  shows 
some  small  fine  teeth,  which  are  moderately  elongated  and  closely 
crowded,  but  which  disappear  in  the  distal  half,  the  latter  being 
merely  somewhat  rugose,  as  is  also  the  distal  border  throughout  its 
whole  length  (pi.  96,  fig.  10£>).  The  other  spines  are  simply  rugose 
(a  and  <?). 

The  two  tentacle  scales  are  small,  oval,  and  placed  at  right  angles 
to  each  other. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  incomplete  condition  of 
the  specimens,  which  have  all  lost  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk, 
makes  comparisons  difficult.  The  dimensions  of  the  mouth  shields 
separate  A.  lucidus  from  all  the  known  species  of  Ampkioplus  pos- 
sessing numerous  arm  spines  and  two  tentacle  scales.  There  is  some 
analogy  with  A.  laevis  Lyman  from  the  Philippines,  but  this  has  the 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 12 


178  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

mouth  shields  smaller,  the  under  arm  plates  broader,  and  the  upper 
arm  plates  of  different  shape.  It  can  not  be  confused  with  A.  luc- 
tator,  which  I  have  described  below,  as  the  latter  has  only  three  arm 
spines. 

AMPHIOPLUS  LUCTATOR,  new  species. 

Plate  68,  figs.  1-3. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5339 ;  Palawan  Passage ;  Caua}7an  Is- 
land (N.)  bearing  S.  59°  E.  18.53  kilometers  (10  miles),  distant 
(lat.  11°  22'  00"  N.,  long.  119°) ;  95  meters  (52  fathoms) ;  Decem- 
ber 20, 1908 ;  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41157,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5358;  Jolo  Sea;  Sandakan  Light  bearing  S.  34° 
W.  36.51  kilometers  (19.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  40"  N.,  long. 
118°  18'  15"  E.) ;  71  meters  (39  fathoms) ;  January  7,  1908;  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41158,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — Both  of  the  specimens  are  of  almost  the  same  size, 
and  both  have  the  disk  torn  away;  the  part  of  the  disk  which  re- 
mains has  a  diameter  slightly  more  than  4  mm.  The  arms  are  all 
incomplete;  one  of  them  is  preserved  for  a  length  of  more  than  80 
mm. ;  they  must  have  been  very  long. 

The  radial  shields  are  very  large,  and  a  little  longer  than  broad. 
In  the  specimens  from  station  5358  (fig.  1)  they  are  pentagonal, 
with  an  acute  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  elongated  sides,  which 
pass  over  two  rounded  angles  into  the  two  lateral  sides  which  are 
almost  straight,  a  little  shorter  than  the  preceding,  and  which  con- 
verge slightly  toward  the  narrow  and  straight  distal  side ;  it  is  at  the 
level  of  the  rounded  lateral  angles  that  the  shield  reaches  its  max- 
imum width.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5339  (fig.  3)  these  shields 
.are  relatively  a  little  more  elongated  and  narrower,  and  the  distal 
border  is  rounded;  that  is  the  only  difference  which  I  find  between 
these  two  specimens.  The  adoral  plates  are  large  and  rather  broad, 
tapering  inwardly,  though  in  contact  by  a  narrow  border  in  the 
median  interradial  line;  they  are  much  broadened  outwardly,  and 
they  may  even  touch  those  adjacent  in  the  radial  line,  in  such  a  way 
as  to  form  an  almost  continuous  ring.  In  the  specimen  from  station 
5358,  this  ring  is  completely  closed,  all  the  adoral  plates  touching 
their  neighbors,  while  in  that  from  station  5339  this  ring  is  not  quite 
complete,  and  the  adoral  plates  are  separated  by  an  extremely  narrow 
space,  within  which  is  included  the  first  under  arm  plate.  The  oral 
plates  are  not  very  high,  being  almost  as  high  as  broad.  The  lateral 
mouth  papillae  are  four  in  number;  the  innermost  is  thick,  conical, 
and  short;  the  second,  inserted  on  the  oral  plate,  is  rectangular, 
almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  free  border  convex ;  the  third,  which 
is  the  most  developed,  arises  from  the  angle  between  the  oral  and 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     179 

adoral  plates;  it  is  rectangular,  and  broader  than  long;  the  last, 
which  is  the  smallest,  is  simply  rounded ;  it  is  inserted  on  the  adoral 
plate. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  large  and  broad,  and  they 
cover  almost  the  whole  width  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms ;  they 
are  almost  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  slightly 
concave  proximal  border,  the  distal  border  very  broad  and  convex 
passing  over  by  very  rounded  angles  into  the  sides,  which  are 
strongly  divergent.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  considerably  reduced,  sometimes 
squeezed  in  between  the  adoral  plates,  which  are  very  close  together, 
sometimes  shoved  back  inwardly  from  these  last;  it  is  triangular, 
with  a  distal  angle,  and  a  little  longer  than  broad.  The  following 
plates  are  very  large  and  very  broad  and  they  cover  the  greater  part 
of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms ;  they  are  quadrangular,  almost  as 
broad  as  long,  with  an  almost  straight  proximal  border,  a  rounded 
distal  border,  and  similarly  rounded  sides  which  are  scarcely  de- 
pressed at  the  level  of  the  tentacular  pores. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  slightly  developed,  and  only  slightly  pro- 
jecting. Each  of  them  carries  three  small  spines,  which  are  rather 
slender,  conical,  with  the  extremity  rounded,  and  of  which  the  length 
is  almost  equal  to  that  of  the  segment. 

The  tentacle  scales,  two  in  number,  are  small,  rounded,  placed  side 
by  side,  and  of  similar  dimensions. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphioplus  luctator  differs 
from  all  the  known  species  of  Amphioplus  possessing  two  tentacle 
scales  and  three  arm  spines  in  the  considerable  development  of  the 
mouth  shields,  as  well  as  in  the  large  dimensions  of  the  dorsal  and 
ventral  arm  plates,  while  at  the  same  time  the  tentacle  scales  remain 
of  relatively  small  size.  In  the  absence  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  the  affinities  of  this  species  can  not  be  determined,  but  I  do  not 
see  any  form  with  which  it  may  be  compared.  It  obviously  differs 
from  the  species  from  stations  5161  and  5371,  which  I  described 
above  under  the  name  of  A.  lucidus  and  which  possesses  several  arm 
spines. 

AMPHIOPLUS  RELICTUS  (Kcehler). 

Plate  70,  fig.  9;  plate  71,  figs.  4-8. 

Amphiura  relicta  KCEHLER  ('98),  p.  68,  pi.  4,  figs.  37,  38;   ('05),  p.  41. 
Amphioplus  relictus  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  256. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5206;  off  western  Samar;  Badian 
Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  27°  E.,  10.66  kilometers  (5.75  miles)  distant 
(lat.  11°  31'  40"  N.,  long.  124°  42'  40"  E.)  ;  58  meters  (32  fathoms) ; 
April  14,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  large  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41257,  U.S.N.M.). 


180  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5207;  off  western  Samar;  Badian  Island  (N.) 
bearing  S.  74°  E.,  8.73  kilometers  (4.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  38' 
05"  N.,  long.  124°  40'  45"  E.) ;  64  meters  (35  fathoms) ;  April  14, 
1908  ;gn.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41252,  41256,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5244;  Pujada  Bay  and  vicinity;  Uanivan  Island 
(N.)  bearing  S.  52°  30'  E.,  7.41  kilometers  (4  miles)  distant  (lat. 
6°  52'  05"  N.,  long.  126°  14'  15"  E.)  ;  313  meters  (171  fathoms)  ; 
May  15,  1908;gy.M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41255,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5247. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41250,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5342;  Malampayo  Sound,  Pelawan  Island,  En- 
deavor Point  (S.)  bearing  S.  58°  E.,  0.92  kilometer  (0.5  mile)  distant 
(lat.  10°  56'  55"  N.,  long  119°  17'  24"  E.) ;  26-46  meters  (14-25 
fathoms) ;  December  23, 1908;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41249,  41254,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5358;  Jolo  Sea;  Sandakan  Light  bearing  S.  34° 
W.,  36.51  kilometers  (19.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  40"  N.,  long. 
118°  18'  15"  E.) ;  71  meters  (39  fathoms) ;  January  7,  1908;  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41247,  U.S.N.M.). 

Little  Harbor  at  Luneta,  Manila  Harbor;  December  18,  1907. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41253,  U.S.N.M.). 

Kagoshima,  Japan. 

Sixty-four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41248,  41251,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  agree  very  well  with  the  type  which?  I 
described  from  specimens  collected  by  the  Investigator  on  the  Gan- 
jam  coast  of  India  and  among  the  Andaman  Islands  between  7  and 
25  fathoms.  The  Siboga  rediscovered  this  species  in  different  locali- 
ties in  the  Sunda  archipelago  at  depths  between  0  and  112  meters 
(0  to  62  fathoms).6 

In  the  majority  of  the  Albatross  specimens  I  have  found  the  elon- 
gated form  of  the  mouth  shields,  but  I  notice  some  variation.  Thus 
the  shields  are  sometimes  very  narrow  (station  5207,  pi.  71,  fig.  5), 
sometimes  somewhat  broadened,  as  in  different  specimens  from  Kago- 
shima (fig.  7) ;  they  may  even  broaden  still  more,  and  in  the  speci- 
men from  Manila  Harbor  they  are  broader  than  long  (fig.  6) ;  in  this 
case  they  are  composed  of  a  triangular  main  portion  which  is  almost 
as  long  as  broad  with  the  angles  rounded,  and  a  small  narrow  and 
also  rounded  distal  lobe.  In  all  other  characters  this  specimen 
agrees  absolutely  with  A.  relictus,  though  in  the  absence  of  inter- 
mediates, one  might  be  tempted  to  consider  it  a  different  species. 

6  I  notice  a  typographical  error  in  my  memoir  of  1905  ;  on  page  41,  first  line,  after  the 
list  of  localities,  there  is  written  :  "  les  boucliers  radiaux  sont  toujours  tres  allonges  et 
etroits.  .  .  "  It  should  be  "  boucliers  buccaux." 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      181 

I  have  previously  described  and  figured  ('05,  p.  68,  pi.  4,  fig.  37) 
the  arrangement  of  the  peripheral  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk;  these  stop  rather  abruptly  at  the  periphery,  and  often  form  a 
distinct  marginal  row.  This  character  is  seen  on  the  photograph 
which  I  give  here  (pi.  71,  fig.  8).  Sometimes  even  the  plates  of  this 
marginal  row  are  turned  upward  so  as  to  stand  more  or  less  erect, 
and  then  they  recall  the  character  on  which  the  genus  Ophiophrag- 
mus  was  based.  This  arrangement  is  even  more  pronounced  in  the 
majority  of  the  Albatross  specimens  than  in  those  which  I  have  had 
occasion  to  study  heretofore,  and  because  of  this  external  resemblance 
to  the  genus  O  phiophragmus  I  was  anxious  to  determine  whether 
the  internal  structure  of  this  last  genus,  which  is,  as  is  known,  very 
characteristic,  was  found  in  A.  relictus. 

On  plate  70,  on  figure  8,  I  give  a  photograph  of  a  specimen  of 
which  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  has  been  removed  and  which 
has  been  prepared  to  show  the  peristomial  plates  with  the  adjacent 
parts,  as  well  as  the  internal  and  external  genital  plates.  If  this 
photograph  be  compared  with  the  figure  published  by  Lyman  of 
0 phiophragmus  wurdemani  ('82,  pi.  40,  fig.  4),  important  differences 
are  immediately  noticed,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  found  that 
there  is  much  analogy  with  the  figures  published  by  authors  of 
species  of  the  genera  AmpMura  or  Amphioplus  (compare  for  exam- 
ple the  figure  of  Amphiura  ~bellis  given  by  Lyman  in  fig.  16).  Re- 
garding the  genital  plates,  the  internal  plate,  or  adradial,  of  A. 
relictus  is  very  stout,  thick,  and  stubby;  it  is  rather  short,  and  does 
not  exceed,  or  scarcely  reaches,  the  third  vertebra ;  the  external  geni- 
tal plate,  or  interradial,  is  very  small,  narrow,  and  still  shorter  than 
the  other,  and  it  does  not  exceed  the  fourth  vertebra.7  We  may  also 
compare  this  arrangement  with  that  which  Duncan  has  described  and 
figured  in  O  phiophragmus  affinis.  In  the  figure  which  he  published 
in  1886  ('86,  pi.  8,  fig.  6)  we  find  that  these  two  plates  are  much 
elongated;  they  reach  the  first  vertebra,  and  they  remain  very  nar- 
row. Duncan's  figure,  though  schematic,  should  be  exact,  for  the 
author  says  (p.  89)  in  regard  to  the  characters  of  the  genus  0 phio- 
phragmus: "  The  genital  plate  is  long  and  slender,  and  simply  '  knob 
headed,'  and  the  generative  scale  is  long  and  slender  and  longer  than 
the  plate." 

7  Authors  habitually  use  the  terms  "  scale  "  and  "  plate  "  to  designate  the  plates  which 
I  call,  respectively,  "outer  genital  plate"  (or  "interradial")  and  "internal  genital 
plate"  (or  "adradial").  I  believe  that  the  terms  "scale"  and  "plate"  may  lead  to 
confusion,  as  they  are  sometimes  used  indifferently  one  for  the  other ;  some  authors  call 
"  scales,"  others  "  plates,"  the  structures  which  cover  the  disk ;  that  is  why  I  prefer  to 
use  the  word  "  plate  "  only  when  followed  by  an  adjective  indicating  the  position  of  the 
plate  when  that  is  necessary,  but  as  for  the  most  part  in  systematic  descriptions  the 
characters  furnished  by  the  interradial  plate  alone  (genital  scale)  are  used  it  is  to  that 
that  I  apply  always  and  exclusively  the  term  "  genital  plate"  without  further  designation. 


182  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Amphioplus  relictus  can  not,  therefore,  be  placed  in  the  genus 
Ophiophragmus,  and  the  arrangement  of  its  mouth  papillae  necessi- 
tates placing  it  in  the  genus  Amphioplus. 

This  question  was  interesting  not  only  because  of  the  necessity  of 
making  a  correct  generic  determination,  but  also  because  there  de- 
pends upon  the  answer  a  case  of  synonymy,  for  the  ophiuran  from 
the  Mergui  Archipelago  which  Duncan  described  under  the  name  of 
OpMophragmus  affinis  shows  sigular  external  resemblances  to  our 
species,  as  may  be  seen  in  glancing  over  the  figures  published  by  Dun- 
can ('86,  pi.  8,  figs.  4  and  5)  ;  these  resemblances  are  even  sufficiently 
marked  so  that  one  is  justified  in  asking  whether  it  does  not  deal  with 
the  same  species.  We  notice,  however,  that  the  mouth  shields  of 
O;  affinis  have  a  form  different  from  that  which  we  know  in 
A.  relictus,  &nd  I  have  never  observed  in  this  latter  a  form  identical 
with  that  which  Duncan  has  figured.  But  the  characters  furnished 
by  the  study  of  the  internal  skeleton  prevent  all  possibility  of  bring- 
ing them  together. 

Duncan  had  noticed  the  mixed  characters  of  his  species,  and  he  con- 
fessed the  difficulty  that  he  had  in  placing  it  either  in  the  genus 
Ophiophragirws  or  in  the  genus  Amphiura  (that  is,  in  the  present 
terminology,  in  the  genus  Amphioplus).  I  believe  that  it  would  be 
more  correct  to  place  the  species  from  the  Mergui  Archipelago  in  the 
genus  Amphioplus,  but  this  question  has  no  place  here.  What  is  of 
consequence  to  decide  is  whether  Ophiophragmus  affinis  Duncan  is  or 
is  not  a  synonym  of  Amphioplus  relictus  (Kcehler).  If  Duncan's 
figures  and  description  are  correct  in  regard  to  the  characters  of  the 
genital  plates,  there  can  be  no  question  of  considering  these  two 
forms  as  synonyms.  Until  proof  to  the  contrary  is  shown,  I  have 
therefore  believed  it  necessary  to  maintain  Amphioplus  relictus  as  a 
species  distinct  from  Ophiophragmm  affinis. 

Even  if  it  were  proved  that  Duncan's  Ophiophragmus  affinis  was 
not  an  Ophiophragmus,  but  an  Amphioplus,  and  that  my  Amphio- 
plus relictus  was  identical  with  it,  our  species  would  not  bear  any 
other  name  than  that  of  Amphioplus  relictus.  In  that  case  Duncan's 
species  would  according  to  rule  assume  the  name  of  Amphioplus 
affinis.  But  the  name  affinis  has  been  applied  to  an  ophiuran  from 
south  Georgia  described  by  Studer  in  1885.  while  Duncan's  species 
dates  from  1886.  It  is  for  the  Antarctic  species  that  the  name  Am- 
phioplus affinis  must  be  reserved.  If  Duncan's  species  must  be  placed 
in  the  genus  Amphioplus,  it  will  be  necessary  to  give  it  another  spe- 
cific name;  the  simplest  solution  would  be  to  give  it  the  name  of  O. 
relictus.  This  is,  moreover,  the  nomenclature  which  H.  L.  Clark 
adopted  in  1915.  He  considers  A?nphioplus  relicfrus  (Kcehler)  as  a 
synonym  of  Ophiophragmus  affinis  Duncan,  and  in  his  catalogue 
('15,  p.  697)  he  cites  A.  relictus  under  No.  697,  while  in  the  table 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      183 

of  contents  (p.  353)  he  gives  O.  affinis  Duncan  as  a  synonym  of  A. 
relictus  (Kcehler).  I  may  say  that  it  is  because  of  this  synonymy 
proposed  by  H.  L.  Clark  that  I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  give  the 
preceding  explanation,  for,  as  I  have  said  above.  I  consider  Ophio- 
phragmus  affinis  Duncan  different  from  my  A.  relictus^  with  the 
reservation,  of  course,  that  Duncan's  description  and  figure,  from 
which  alone  the  characters  of  his  O.  affinis  may  be  appreciated,  are 
correct. 

AMPHIOPLUS  RHADINOBRACHIUS  H.  L.  Clark. 

Amjihtoplus  rhadlnobrachius  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  167,  fig.  74;  ('15),  p.  256. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5113;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  7°  W.,  1T.60  kilometers  (9.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  51'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  50'  30"  E.) ;  291  meters  (159 
rathoms)  ;  January  17,  1908;  dk.  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41193,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm. ;  the  arms  are  excessively 
long. 

The  specimen  agrees  well  with  H.  L.  Clark's  description,  except  for 
a  very  slight  difference  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  which  are 
rather  more  triangular  than  oval. 

The  type  series  of  specimens  came  from  Suruga  Gulf  and  Sagami 
Bay,  Japan,  516  to  920  meters  (282  to  503  fathoms). 

AMPH1LIMNA  MULTISPINA,  new  species. 

Plate  61,  figs,  4-9;  plate  96,  fig.  7. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5220;  between  Marinduque  and  Lu- 
zon; San  Andreas  Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  57°  W.,  15.75  kilometers 
(8.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  38'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  58'  00"  E.) ;  91 
meters  (50  fathoms) ;  April  24, 1908 ;  sft.  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  23,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5221;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon;  San  An- 
dreas Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  10.19  kilometers  (5.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  15"  E.) ;  353  meters  (193 
fathoms) ;  April  24,  1908;  gn.  M. 

Thirteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  26,  E.  27,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5222;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon;  San  An- 
dreas Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  57°  E.,  17.05  kilometers  (9.2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  38'  30"  N.,  long.  121°  42'  45"  E.) ;  357  meters  (195 
fathoms) ;  April  24,  1908;  gn.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  25,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5223;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon;  Mala- 
brigo  Light  bearing  W.,  18.16  kilometers  (9.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  13° 
36'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  25'  30"  E.)  ;  April  24,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  24,  U.S.N.M.). 


184  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5375;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  49°  W.,  33.73  kilometers  (18.2  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  42'  15"  N.,  long.  121°  50'  15"  E.) ;  196  meters  (107 
fathoms) ;  March  2,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  4,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — I  shall  describe  this  species  from  one  of  the  speci- 
mens, from  station  5375  (pi.  61,  figs.  5,  6,  7),  which  is  the  largest. 
The  diameter  of  the  disk,  which  is  slightly  deformed,  is  12.5  mm.  by 
11  mm.  In  the  other  specimens  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  between 
6  mm.  and  8  mm.  The  arms  are  extremely  long,  rolled  up,  rather- 
slender,  and  flattened ;  in  the  specimen  which  I  am  describing  their 
length  is  more  than  150  mm. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  slender,  conical,  and 
pointed  spines,  which  are  rather  elongated  and  very  closely  crowded, 
and  which  conceal  the  contours  of  the  underlying  plates ;  these  spines 
become  less  crowded  and  may  even  be  completely  lacking  on  the  cen- 
tral region  of  the  disk  in  young  specimens.  In  the  adults  the  con- 
tours of  the  plates  are  always  more  or  less  obscured  by  the  integu- 
ment ;  sometimes,  however,  they  may  be  distinguished,  and  it  is  then 
seen  that  they  are  very  small  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk,  be- 
coming a  little  larger  toward  the  periphery,  where  they  imbricate. 
In  the  small  specimens,  like  the  second  from  station  5375  which  is 
shown  in  figure  9,  the  plates  are  very  much  more  evident  and  larger, 
and  there  is  in  particular  a  row  of  large  plates  in  the  middle  of  each 
interradial  space ;  on  either  side  of  this  row,  the  plates  become  smaller 
and  imbricated,  while  the  central  region  of  the  disk  is  occupied  by 
small  rounded  plates.  The  radial  shields  are  very  narrow,  elongated, 
in  contact  throughout  their  whole  length,  and  in  the  large  specimens 
four  times  as  long  as  broad,  while  in  the  small  ones  they  are  relatively 
shorter  and  somewhat  broadened. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  uniformly  covered  with  small, 
imbricated,  equal  plates,  becoming  a  little  larger  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  genital  slits ;  these  plates  carry  spines  identical  with  those  on  the 
dorsal  surface  and  rather  closely  crowded.  The  genital  slits  are 
very  narrow  and  elongated. 

The  mouth  shields  are  longer  than  broad,  lanceolate,  consisting  of 
a  triangular  major  portion  which  is  almost  as  long  as  broad  with  a 
rather  sharp  proximal  angle,  of  which  the  apex  is  ordinarily  slightly 
rounded,  plus  a  lobe  which  projects  in  a  variable  manner  into  the 
interradial  space.  In  the  large  specimens  (fig.  7)  this  lobe  is  less 
developed  than  in  the  small  ones  in  which  it  is  narrower  but  more 
elongated,  as  may  be  seen  in  figure  8.  The  adoral  plates  are  narrow ; 
they  are  especially  developed  on  the  side  of  the  mouth  shield,  and, 
behind  it,  they  send  off  a  process  separating  the  mouth  shield  from 
the  first  side  arm  plate;  they  taper  in  their  proximal  portion,  and 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     185 

do  not  always  reach  even  to  the  median  interradial  line.  The  oral 
plates  are  small,  twice  as  high  as  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae 
are  five  in  nuirfber,  unequal,  and  a  little  separated  from  each  other. 
The  two  outermost,  slightly  broadened  and  elongated,  are  inserted 
on  the  adoral  plate,  and  they  cover  the  opening  of  the  mouth  tentacle 
pore ;  the  three  others  are  conical,  narrow,  and  pointed,  inserted  on 
the  oral  plate.  Besides  these  there  are  two  or  three  small  tooth 
papillae  which  are  smaller  than  the  mouth  papillae. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  very  large,  and  they  cover  a  large  part 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms.  They  are  a  little  broader  than 
long  and  broadly  rounded;  in  the  large  specimens  their  form  is  al- 
most circular ;  in  the  smaller  they  become  almost  semicircular,  with 
a  slightly  excavated  proximal  border  (figs.  4,  5) ;  in  the  smallest 
these  plates  are  triangular,  with  a  more  or  less  distinct  proximal 
angle,  and  a  little  longer  than  broad;  their  distal  border  is  convex, 
and  sometimes  it  is  resolved  into  two  short  sides  which  pass  into  each 
other  over  an  obtuse  angle. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  and  triangular.  The 
following  plates  are  quadrangular,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with 
the  proximal  border  straight,  the  sides  excavated  by  the  tentacle 
scale,  and  the  distal  border  a  little  broader  than  the  proximal  border 
and  almost  straight ;  they  are  all  broadly  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  rather  projecting,  carry  eight  or 
even  nine  arm  spines  in  the  large  specimens ;  this  number  falls  to  six 
in  the  small.  These  spines  are  very  close  to  each  other,  slightly  flat- 
tened, subequal,  and  their  length  equals  almost  that  of  the  segment ; 
their  surface  is  smooth  (pi.  96,  fig.  7&). 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  large,  rounded,  and  oval  in  form.  On 
the  first  arm  segments  there  is  added  to  this  principal  scale  a  small 
internal  scale  inserted  on  the  under  arm  plate  which  disappears 
more  or  less  rapidly  according  to  the  size  of  the  animal;  this  scale 
in  the  large  specimens  is  found  on  at  least  seven  or  eight  segments, 
while  on  the  smaller  it  is  only  found  on  the  first  four  or  five,  and 
sometimes  disappears  even  more  rapidly.  The  supplementary  scale 
is  smaller  than  the  other,  cylindrical  and  slightly  spiniform. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  grayish  white  or  gray.  In 
the  two  largest  the  borders  of  the  upper  arm  plates  are  margined 
with  a  light  brownish  line,  a  little  more  marked  in  some  places  than 
in  others,  which  gives  the  impression  of  an  irregular  and  weak 
annulation. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — On  account  of  the  number  of 
mouth  papillae  this  ophiuran  must  be  placed  in  the  genus  Ampki- 
iimna.  Among  the  five  species  known  belonging  to  this  genus,  three 
possess  two  tentacle  scales — A.  caribbaea  (Ljungman),  A.  olivacea 
(Lyman)  and  A.  pentacantha  (H.  L.  Clark)  ;  but  the  two  others — 


186  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

A.  libera  (Kcehler)  and  A.  sexradia  (Duncan) — have  only  a  single 
one.  The  new  species  has  some  affinity  with  A.  libera,  from  the 
Cape  Verde  Islands,  in  which  the  mouth  shields  are-  elongated  and 
which  possesses  two  tentacle  scales  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair ;  but 
it  is  distinguished  from  it  by  its  radial  shields,  which  are  quite  in 
contact,  by  the  existence  of  a  small  supplementary  scale  on  the  first 
arm  segments,  and  also  by  the  number  of  arm  spines.  As  for  A. 
sexradia,  from  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  it  possesses  six  arms. 

Amphilimna  sexradia  and  A.  libera,  as  well  as  A.  pentacantha, 
have  just  been  removed  from  the  genus  Ampliilimna  by  Matsumoto, 
who  places  them  in  his  new  genus  Amphiacantha  ('17,  p.  178).  The 
question  arises  whether  the  new  species  discovered  by  the  Albatross 
should  not  also  be  placed  in  the  genus  Amphiacantha.  I  do  not 
think  so,  in  spite  of  the  presence  of  two  tentacle  scales.  Matsumoto 
has  characterized  the  genus  Amphiacantha  by  the  very  closely 
crowded  ("close-set")  mouth  papillae  of  which  the  outermost  is 
neither  elongated  nor  spiniform,  but  short  and  flattened,  by  the 
diverging  radial  shields,  by  the  restricted  number  of  the  arm  spines 
(three  or  four),  and  by  the  short,  flattened  and  "leaf -like"  tentacle 
scales.  These  different  characters,  apart  from  the  last,  do  not  apply 
to  the  Albatross  ophiuran. 

In  the  genus  Amphilimna,  on  the  other  hand,  the  mouth  papillae 
are  well  spaced  and  more  or  less  conical,  the  two  radial  shields  of 
each  pair  are  in  contact,  and  the  arm  spines  are  numerous.  However, 
Matsumoto  only  leaves  in  the  genus  Amphilimna  species  with  two 
tentacle  scales,  and  these  scales  are  spiniform,  especially  the  inner,  or 
adradial.  By  the  presence  of  a  single  tentacle  scale  which,  moreover, 
is  oval,  our  species  differs  from  all  the  others  assigned  by  Matsumoto 
to  the  genus  Amphilimna.  But  I  believe  that  the  significance  of  the 
characters  peculiar  to  this  last  genus  which  we  find  in  it  is  much 
greater  than  that  of  the  characters  diagnostic  of  the  new  genus 
Amphiacantha.  It  must  be  noticed  also  that  the  Albatross  species 
possesses  a  small  supplementary  tentacle  scale  on  the  first  arm  seg- 
ments which  is  somewhat  spiniform.  I  therefore  believe  it  necesary 
to  leave  A.  multispina  in  the  genus  in  which  I  had  placed  it  before 
having  seen  Matsumoto's  memoir. 

OPHIACTIS  AFFINIS  Duncan. 

Plate  62,  fig.  6;  plate  63,  fig.  5. 

Ophiactis  affinis  DUNCAN  ('79),  p.  469,  pi.  10,  fig.  23;  pi.  11,  fig.  24. — LYMAN 
('82),  p.  121.— KOEHLER  ('98),  p.  71;  ('05),  p.  26.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p. 
266.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  155. 

Locality. — San  Juanico  Strait,  Samar  Leyte  Reefs;  April  13, 1908. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41052,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  of  small  size;  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
does  not  exceed  4  mm.,  and  only  two  of  the  arms  are  preserved.  It 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      187 

agrees  well  with  Duncan's  description  and  figures,  but  as  these  last 
are  very  schematic,  I  have  thought  it  well  to  give  here  two  photo- 
graphs of  an  0.  affinis  collected  in  the  Kei  Islands,  which  is  better 
preserved  than  the  Albatross  specimen. 

The  type  of  0.  affinis  was  captured  in  the  Korean  (Chosen)  Straits 
at  a  depth  of  37  fathoms.  The  Siboga  found  this  species  in  the  Kei 
Islands  at  a  depth  of  90  meters  (49  fathoms). 

OPHIACTIS  DEFINITA,  new  species. 

Plate  64,  figs.  I,  2,  7. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5119;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde 
Island  Passage ;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  80°  E.  35.03  kilometers 
(18.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  45'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  30'  30"  E.) ;  721 
meters  (394  fathoms) ;  January  21, 1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  49,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5598;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity;  Sipadan 
Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  12°  E.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles)  distant 
(lat.  4°  10'  35"  N.,  long.  118°  37'  12"  E.)  ;  759  meters  (415  fathoms)  ; 
September  28.  1909. 

Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5587. 

A  few  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  51  [part],  E.  52,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5589;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity;  Mabul 
Island;  (NW.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  5.19  kilometers  (2.8  miles)  distant 
(lat.  4°  12'  10"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  08"  E.)  ;  475  meters  (260  fathoms)  ; 
September  29, 1909;  fne.  gy.  S.,  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  48,  E.  51  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5619;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  78°  E.,  12.87  kilometers  12.97  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35'  00" 
N.,  long.  127°  14'  40"  E.) ;  796  meters  (435  fathoms) ;  November  27, 
1909;  fne.  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  46,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5637;  Bouro  Island  (south)  and  vicinity;  Am- 
blau  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  80°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  3°  53'  20"  S.,  long.  126°  48'  00"  E.) ;  1,280  meters  (700 
fathoms) ;  December  10, 1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  47,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  45,  E.  50,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — I  shall  describe  the  species  more  especially  on  the 
basis  of  the  two  specimens  from  station  5119,  of  which  I  give  photo- 
graphs (pi.  64,  figs.  1,2,7). 

The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm. ;  the  length  of  the  arms  is  from 
30  mm.  to  32  mm.  The  arms,  always  five  in  number,  are  broad  and 


188  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

slightly  flattened;  the  general  appearance  of  the  animal  is  rather 
robust. 

The  disk  is  rounded  or  subpentagonal.  The  dorsal  surface  is 
covered  with  subequal  imbricated  plates,  of  medium  size,  which  are 
a  little  larger  toward  the  middle  of  the  interradial  spaces,  and  become 
a  little  smaller  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk ;  they  are  quite  without 
spines.  The  radial  shields  are  rather  large  and  broad,  with  an 
almost  straight  internal  border,  a  strongly  convex  external  border, 
and  a  very  pointed  proximal  angle;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are 
close  together,  but  not  in  contact  distally,  where  they  are  separated  by 
a  narrow  plate,  and  they  are  slightly  divergent  proximally.  They 
are  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length  is  slightly  less  than  half 
the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  is  uniformly  covered  with  smaller  plates  than 
those  of  the  dorsal  surface  which  are  equal  and  imbricated  and 
entirely  without  spines.  The  genital  slits  are  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  of  medium  size,  or  rather  small,  almost  as 
long  as  broad,  and  are  composed  of  a  triangular  major  portion  which 
is  broader  than  long  with  an  obtuse  and  rounded  proximal  angle, 
plus  a  distal  rounded  lobe  which  projects  more  or  less  strongly  into 
the  interradial  space.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  small,  narrow, 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  recurved  in  the  form  of  a  crescent ;  they 
are  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line,  and  outwardly  they 
approach  very  closely  to  their  neighbors.  The  oral  plates  are  twice 
as  high  as  broad.  The  single  external  mouth  papilla  is  very  large, 
broadened,  with  the  form  of  a  right-angled  triangle  of  which  the 
hypotenuse  is  slightly  serrate  and  the  proximal  angle  is  more  or  less 
sharp;  the  internal  or  proximal  papilla  is  thick,  with  a  somewhat 
irregular  free  edge. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large  and  greatly  broadened;  they  are 
relatively  short  in  proportion  to  their  width,  and  are  at  least  two 
and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  long.  They  are  quadrangular,  with 
a  very  small  and  straight  proximal  border,  straight  and  very 
strongly  divergent  sides,  and  a  broad  straight  or  slightly  convex 
distal  border;  the  lateral  angles  are  sharp,  but  slightly  rounded 
at  the  apex.  At  some  distance  from  the  disk  the  proximal  side, 
which  has  become  progressively  reduced,  disappears  and  is  re- 
placed by  an  obtuse  angle.  All  the  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small  and  triangular,  with  the  apex 
distal;  it  is  very  narrow  and  is  enclosed  between  the  two  neighbor- 
ing adoral  plates;  sometimes  these  two  adoral  plates  come  into 
contact,  and  when  this  is  the  case,  the  first  under  arm  plate  is 
enclosed  within  them  (fig.  2) :  sometimes  also  it  is  divided  into 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     189 

two  parts  by  a  transverse  groove  (fig.  1).  The  following  plates 
are  large,  quadrangular,  writh  a  straight  proximal  border,  a  con- 
vex distal  border,  and  straight  sides;  they  are  at  first  broader  than 
long,  in  the  terminal  portion  of  the  arms  becoming  a  little  longer 
than  broad.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  rather  strongly  projecting,  bear 
three  strong,  thick  and  cylindrical  arm  spines,  with  the  tips  blunted ; 
their  length  slightly  exceeds  that  of  the  segment,  and  the  central 
one  is  a  little  longer  than  the  other  two ;  the  dorsal  spine  is  slightly 
attenuated.  In  the  distal  half  of  the  arms  the  spines  elongate  and 
become  relatively  a  little  narrower,  while  their  length  reaches  a 
segment  and  a  half. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  very  large,  oval,  and  squamif orm. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  gray  or  sometimes  pinkish 
on  the  dorsal  surface. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiactis  deftnita  is  most 
closely  related  to  0.  perplexa  Kcehler  found  by  the  Investigator 
off  Cape  Comorin  in  1,315  meters  (719  fathoms),  but  it  is  sharply 
distinguished  from  it  by  having  the  radial  shields  always  sepa- 
rated, by  having  the  mouth  shields  longer  and  much  less  broad 
than  in  0.  perplexa,  by  having  the  under  arm  plates  markedly 
broader  than  long,  by  having  the  outermost  mouth  papilla  very 
much  more  developed  and  more  pointed,  by  having  the  central 
arm  spine  more  developed,  and  by  having  the  upper  arm  plates 
broad  and  short.  It  differs  markedly  from  0.  maculosa  Martens 
from  the  Philippines  in  having  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  less 
numerous,  in  having  the  upper  arm  plates  with  rather  sharp  lateral 
angles,  in  having  the  outermost  mouth  papilla  very  much  smaller, 
in  having  the  tentacle  scale  also  smaller,  etc. 

Ophiactis  deftnita  shows  also  some  affinities  with  0.  brachgtenys, 
which  H.  L.  Clark  described  from  specimens  found  in  Japan  be- 
tween 120  and  720  fathoms;  but  the  differences  are  rather  impor- 
tant. The  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  more  uniform  in  size,  and 
the  radial  shields  are  very  much  broader  in  the  new  species,  and 
the  latter  are  always  separated  throughout  their  whole  length;  the 
mouth  shields  are  as  broad  as  long,  or  even  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  and  the  adoral  plates  are  crescentic  in  form;  furthermore, 
the  under  arm  plates  are  very  regularly  in  contact  in  O.  deftnitay 
and  they  are  never  separated  by  an  interval  of  soft  tissue. 


190  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIACTIS  MACULOSA  Martens. 

Plate  63,  figs.  6,  7. 

Ophiactis  maculosa  MARTENS   ('70),  p.  248. — LYMAN   ('82),  p.  122. — H.  L. 
CLAKK  ('15),  p.  263,  pi.  11,  figs.  3,  4. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5136;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  S.  37°  E.,  1.30  kilometers  (0.7  mile)  distant  (lat.  6°  04' 
20"  N.,  long.  120°  59'  20"  E.) ;  40  meters  (22  fathoms) ;  Feb- 
ruary 14, 1908 ;  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41051,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — This  individual  is  not  in  good  condition;  some  of  the 
plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  torn  away,  and  the  arms 
are  incomplete,  broken  off  at  a  certain  distance  from  the  base.  It 
can  be  seen  nevertheless  that  it  agrees  well  with  the  two  photographs 
which  H.  L.  Clark  has  published  of  this  species  ('15,  pi.  11,  figs.  3, 4). 
Martens'  description,  which  is  altogether  vague  and  insufficient,  can 
not  be  relied  upon,  so  I  have  thought  it  advisable  to  give  here  some 
notes  relative  to  the  Albatross  specimen,  which  is  unfortunately  not 
in  a  satisfactory  state  of  preservation,  at  the  same  time  regretting 
that  H.  L.  Clark  has  not  described  the  one  from  the  Philippines 
which  he  has  photographed  and  which  appears  to  be  very  well  pre- 
served. 

The  disk  must  be  5  mm.  in  diameter,  and  the  arms  might  reach  30 
mm.  in  length.  The  disk  appears  slightly  excavated  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces.  Its  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  rather  large,  un- 
equal plates,  larger  in  the  central  region  and  becoming  smaller 
toward  the  periphery.  I  can  not  recognize  any  primary  plates  in 
my  specimen ;  in  H.  L.  Clark's  photograph  there  seems  to  be  a  circlet 
of  five  large  in  terra  dial  plates.  The  plates  are  not  imbricated  in  the 
central  region  of  the  disk,  and  they  are  here  without  spines.  Only 
the  peripheral  plates,  which  are  very  much  smaller  than  the  others, 
bear  a  few  spines  and  these  are  small,  short,  and  conical  with  the 
point  blunted.  These  spines  are  found  on  the  plates  of  the  ventral 
surface  of  the  disk,  but  these  plates  do  not  cover  the  whole  of  this 
surface,  and  are  found  only  in  a  triangular  area  of  which  the  apex 
is  at  some  distance  from  the  mouth  shields,  and  which  does  not  reach 
the  genital  slits.  The  radial  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are 
triangular,  with  the  external  side  convex  and  the  apex  proximal; 
they  are  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length 
exceeds  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are 
only  slightly  separated ;  they  are  in  contact  distally  by  their  external 
angle  or  even  for  a  small  part  of  their  length,  and  are  separated 
inwardly  by  a  series  of  plates. 

The  outlines  of  the  mouth  plates,  which  are  not  very  evident  in 
H.  L.  Clark's  photograph,  show  very  clearly  in  my  specimen.  The 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     191 

mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  broader  than  long,  almost  biconvex  or 
lozenge-shaped,  with  the  angles  and  the  sides  rounded.  Their  distal 
angle  is  produced  into  a  narrow,  but  rather  elongated,  lobe,  which 
projects  more  or  less  strongly  into  the  interradial  space.  Martens 
says  that  these  shields  are  "  kreisformig,"  but  I  do  not  see  why  he 
adds  "  nicht  untereinander  zusammenhangend."  The  adoral  plates 
are  confined  to  the  sides  of  the  mouth  shields;  they  are  extremely 
attenuated  inwardly  and  do  not  reach  the  median  interradial  line, 
while  outwardly  they  are  developed  into  a  much  elongated  lobe  which 
goes  to  meet  that  of  its  fellow,  and  may  even  touch  it  in  the  median 
radial  line,  thus  completely  separating  the  first  under  arm  plate 
from  the  second.  This  form  of  the  adoral  plates  may  be  recognized, 
though  with  difficulty,  on  H.  L.  Clark's  photograph.  The  oral  plates 
are  small,  twice  as  high  as  broad.  They  carry  a  terminal  unpaired 
mouth  papilla  which  is  transversely  broadened.  The  second  papilla, 
which  is  situated  toward  the  proximal  extremity  of  the  adoral  plate, 
is  much  broadened,  squamiform,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the 
free  border  rounded. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  broad ;  they  seem  to  me  to  be 
relatively  a  little  broader  in  my  specimen  than  in  H.  L.  Clark's; 
this  evidently  is  correlated  with  the  difference  in  size,  the  disk  having 
in  the  last  a  diameter  of  only  4  mm.  These  plates  are  almost  four 
times  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  two  longer  sides  parallel ;  the  proxi- 
mal border  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  distal,  into  which  it  passes 
by  slightly  divergent  sides  and  over  rounded  angles.  All  of  these 
plates  are  broadly  in  contcat. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  triangular,  with  the  apex 
distal;  it  is  a  little  broader  than  long  and  separated  from  the  sec- 
ond, as  I  have  said  above.  This  last  is  quadrangular,  a  little  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  proximal  border  a  little  smaller  than  the  distal. 
Beyond,  the  plates  rapidly  become  broader  than  long,  with  the 
proximal  side  slightly  shorter  than  the  distal,  and  the  latter  passing 
over  by  rounded  angles  into  the  lateral  sides,  which  are  also  rounded. 
All  these  plates  are  broadly  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  only  slightly,  are  not  greatly 
developed,  especially  on  the  dorsal  side,  where  they  only  cover  a  very 
reduced  portion  of  the  arms.  They  bear  four  short  thick  arm  spines 
with  the  tip  rounded,  the  size  of  which  increases  slightly  from  the 
first  ventral  to  the  last  dorsal,  and  of  which  the  length  almost  equals 
that  of  the  segment. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  rather  large  and  elongated,  with  the  two  sides 
parallel,  and  the  tip  rounded ;  it  is  half  again  as  long  as  broad. 

The  general  color  is  a  light  greenish  yellow,  with  a  few  slightly 
marked  spots  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  and  indications  of 
rings  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms. 


192  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIACTIS  PROFUNDI  Ltttken  and  Mortensen. 

Plate  63,  fig.  8. 

Ophiactis   profundi   LTTTKEN    and    MORTENSEN    ('99),   p.    140,   pi.   6,    figs. 

4-6. — KCEHLER   ('09),  p.  173. 
Ophiactis  pteropoma  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  134,  fig.  50;  ('15),  p.  264.-— MAT- 

SUMOTO  ('17),  p.  154. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5325 ;  off  northern  Luzon ;  Hermanos 
Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  86  E.,  31.04  kilometers  (16.75  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  18°  34'  15"  N.,  long.  121°  51"  15"  E.)  ;  410  meters  (224 
fathoms) ;  November  12,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41314,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5522;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  39°  W.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  49'  00"  N.,  123°  26'  30"  E.) ;  421  meters  (230  fathoms) ; 
August  10,  1909 ;  Glob. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41312,  U.S.N.M..). 

Albatross  station  5605;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Island 
(W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.93  kilometers  (5.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  0° 
21'  33"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.) ;  1,183  meters  (647  fathoms) ; 
November  16,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41313,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.— All  the  specimens  are  of  small  size ;  in  the  two  from  station 
5522  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  3  mm.  and  4  mm.,  and 
the  others  are  slightly  smaller.  All  have  six  arms;  the  individuals 
from  stations  5522  and  5605  possess  three  large  arms  and  three  others 
very  small  which  are  in  process  of  regeneration,  and  their  disks  are 
also  regenerating.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5325  all  the  arms  are 
broken  off  near  the  base  and  the  disk  is  circular  and  does  not  seem  to 
be  undergoing  regeneration. 

Although  all  my  specimens  are  of  small  size,  I  do  not  believe  that 
there  can  be  any  doubt  regarding  their  identification. 

Furthermore,  I  do  not  hesitate  to  unite  with  0.  profundi,  O.  ptero- 
poma which  H.  L.  Clark  has  recently  established  from  specimens 
from  Japan  and  which  also  possesses  six  arms.  Apart  from  a  slight 
difference  in  length  of  the  arm  spines,  there  is  a  remarkable  con- 
cordance in  the  descriptions  and  figures  published  by  H.  L.  Clark, 
and  those  previously  published  by  Lutken  and  Mortensen.  In  par- 
ticular H.  L.  Clark  has  again  found  the  peculiar  character  of  the 
upper  arm  plates,  which  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a  small 
interval  not  occupied  by  the  side  arm  plates.  The  only  difference 
which  I  can  find  between  0.  profundi  Liitken  and  Mortensen  and 
0.  pteropoma  H.  L.  Clark,  from  a  comparison  of  the  descriptions  and 
figures  of  the  authors,  is  that  in  the  latter  the  dorsal  arm  spine  is 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      193 

about  twice  as  long  as  the  ventral,  which  is  equal  in  length  to  the 
segment;  this  is  as  H.  L.  Clark  describes  it  in  specimens  in  which 
the  disk  has  a  diameter  of  5  mm.  However,  in  one  of  his  specimens 
in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  6  mm.,  and  which  is  the 
largest  of  all,  H.  L.  Clark  noticed  that  the  dorsal  arm  spine  is  shorter, 
but  he  does  not  specify  what  its  exact  length  is  and  whether  or  not  it 
is  equal  to  the  other  two.  From  this  observation  the  inference  is  that 
in  the  specimens  studied  by  H.  L.  Clark  there  are  certain  variations 
in  the  relative  dimensions  of  this  dorsal  arm  spine,  and  as  the  only 
difference  which  I  can  find  between  the  descriptions  and  the  figures 
of  O.  pteropoma  and  0.  profundi  consists  in  the  relative  length  of 
the  dorsal  arm  spine,  I  do  not  believe  that  it  is  possible  to  maintain 
a  distinction  between  the  two  species.  The  first  name,  having  prior- 
ity, should  therefore  alone  be  conserved. 

H.  L.  Clark  has  not  discussed  the  comparative  characters  of  O. 
pteropoma  and  he  does  not  refer  in  any  way  to  its  affinities  with 
O.  profundi. 

As  may  be  seen  from  the  photograph  which  I  reproduce  on  plate 
63  as  figure  8,  the  dorsal  arm  spine  is  a  little  longer  than  the  two 
others,  but  it  is  less  thick  than  the  central  spine ;  Liitken  and  Morten- 
sen  say  that  in  0.  profundi  the  median  spine  is  the  stoutest. 

The  color  of  the  two  specimens  from  station  5522  is  pink :  the  two 
others  are  a  grayish  white. 

Ophiactis  profundi  was  captured  at  depths  of  1,008  and  1,644 
meters  (551  and  899  fathoms),  between  0°  and  4°  N.  latitude  and  81° 
and  90°  W.  longitude.  Ophiactis  pteropoma  H.  L.  Clark  was  based 
upon  eight  specimens,  all  with  six  arms,  dredged  in  the  Japanese  seas 
between  349  and  463  meters  (191  and  253  fathoms).  I  have  myself 
recorded  the  occurrence  of  O.  profundi,  or  of  a  form  extremely  close 
to  it,  in  the  Atlantic,  which  was  found  by  the  Princesse-Alice  at  a 
depth  of  from  214  to  650  meters  (122  to  355  fathoms)  in  36°  N.  lati- 
tude and  31°  W.  longitude  (Kcehler  '09,  p.  173). 

Matsumoto  ('17,  p.  154)  believes  that  0.  pteropoma  is  extremely 
close  to  O.  profundi,  from  which  it  only  differs  in  having  the  arm 
spines  unequal  instead  of  being  subequal. 

OPHIACTIS  SAVIGNYI  Mailer  and  Troschel. 

Plate  64,  figs.  5,  6 ;  plate  96,  fig.  2. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiactis  savignyi  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  26;  ('05a),  p.  184;  ('13),  p.  351; 
('14),  p.  41;  ('14a),  p.  184.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  265;  ('15a),  p. 
90.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  158. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Mala- 
brigo  Light  bearing  N.  44°  W.,  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  dis- 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 13 


194  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

tant  (lat.  13°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'  45"  E.) ;  518  meters  (283 
fathoms) ;  February  2,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41048,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5139 ;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo ;  Jolo  light  bearing 
S.  51°  W.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  05'  00"  N.r 
long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  February  14,  1908^ 
co.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41106,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5145 ;  vicinity  of  Jolo ;  Jolo  light  bearing  S.  16° 
E.,  1.57  kilometers  (0.85  mile)  distant  (lat.  6°  04'  30"  N.,  long.  120° 
59'  30"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms)  ;  February  15, 1908;  co.  S.,  Sh.. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41047,  41105,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilometers  (8.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ;  38  meters 
(21  fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41021,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5205 ;  off  the  east  coast  of  Leyte  Island ;  Caguayan 
Point  bearing  N.  2°  E.,  1.30  kilometers  (0.7  mile)  distant  (lat,  11° 
19'  30"  N.,  long.  124°  58'  05"  E.) ;  15  meters  (8  fathoms) ;  April 
13,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41049,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5249;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Lanang  Point  bearing  N, 
1.85  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  06'  06"  N.,  long.  125°  40' 
08"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  May  18,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41107,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5257;  southern  Mindanao;  eastern  Illana  Bay; 
Utara  Point,  Bongo  Island,  bearing  .N.  88°  W.,  14.27  kilometers  (7.7 
miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  22'  12"  N.,  long.  124°  12'  15"  E.)  ;  51  meters 
(28  fathoms) ;  May  22,  1908;  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41111,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5321;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  Formosa 
(Taiwan) ;  Ibugos  Island  (S.  end)  bearing  S.  89°  W.,  3.72  kilometers 
(1.25  miles)  distant  (lat.  20°  19'  30"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15"  E.  :  47 
meters  (26  fathoms) ;  November  9,  1908;  wh.  S.,  Co.,  brk.  Sh. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41109,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5355;  north  Balabac  Strait;  Balabac  Light  bear- 
ing S.  61°  W.,  30.76  kilometers  (16.6  miles)  distant  (lat,  8°  08'  10" 
N.,  long.  117°  19'  15"  E.) ;  80  meters  (44  fathoms) ;  January  5, 1908  r 
Co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41103,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5400;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  77°  W.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  24' 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      195 

24"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  30"  E.) ;  46  meters  (25  fathoms) ;  March  16, 
1909;  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41104,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5401;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  79°  W.,  42.62  kilometers  (23  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  24' 
45"  N.,  long.  124°  06'  00"  E.) ;  55  meters  (30  fathoms) ;  March  16, 
1909;  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41108,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5554;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian  Point 
(Jolo)  bearing  N.  76°  E.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  5° 
52'  27"  N.,  long.  120°  52'  18"  E.) ;  46  meters  (25  fathoms) ;  Sep- 
tember 18,  1909;  Co.,  S. 

Eighteen  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41110,  U.S.N.M.). 

Jolo  Island ;  February  11,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41101,  U.S.N.M.). 

Marongas  Island;  Shore  Canal;  February  10,  1908. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41102,  U.S.N.M.). 

Jolo  (interior  of  pearl  oyster). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41050,  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  from  stations  5249,  5257,  and  5321  have 
five  arms;  one  of  the  individuals  from  station  5147  has  five  arms, 
and  the  other  has  six.  All  the  remainder  have  six  arms. 

The  two  mouth  papillae  are  not  very  evident  in  the  photographs 
which  I  published  in  1914  ('14a,  pi.  7,  fig.  15,  and  pi.  9,  fig.  8).  I 
give  here  two  photographs  (pi.  63,  figs.  5,  6)  of  the  ventral  surface 
of  two  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross,  one  with  five,  the  other 
with  six  arms,  on  which  these  two  papillae  may  be  better  seen.  I  also 
give  on  plate  96  as  figure  2  some  photographs  of  the  arm  spines  as 
seen  under  the  microscope. 

OPHIOPHOLJS  MIRABILIS   (Duncan). 

Plate  61,  fig.  3 ;  plate  96,  fig.  14. 

Ophiolepis  miraUlis  DUNCAN  ('79),  p.  460,  pi.  9,  fig.  12;  pi.  10,  figs.  13,  14. 

Ophiopholis  mirabilis  LYMAN    (79),  p.  43;    ('82),  p.   112.— H.  L.   CLARK 

('11),  p.  117,  fig.  43;   ('15),  p.  268.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  160,  fig.  40. 

Locality. — Hakodate,  Japan. 

Seventy-one  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  37,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  15  mm.  and  4  mm. 

Ophiopholis  mirabilis  is  a  very  easy  species  to  recognize,  and  the 
specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  are  quite  characteristic.  I  no- 
tice that  the  upper  arm  plates  are  a  little  larger  than  in  the  figure 
published  by  H.  L.  Clark  ('11,  p.  117,  fig.  43) ;  sometimes  these 
plates  are  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  groove  which  is  more  or  less 


196  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

oblique  in  reference  to  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  arm,  and  this 
groove  may  even  bifurcate.  The  supplementary  dorsal  plates  are 
themselves  also  sometimes  divided  into  two.  I  give  here  a  photo- 
graph of  the  dorsal  surface  of  one  of  the  Albatross  specimens  (pi.  61, 
fig.  3). 

On  plate  96  as  figure  14  I  give  some  photographs  of  the  elongated 
granules  borne  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  (d) ;  the  dimensions 
of  these  granules  vary  considerably.  I  include  also  photographs  of 
the  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  the  commencement  of  the  arms  (#),  in 
the  distal  half  (6) ,  and  at  the  tip  after  it  has  become  definitely  trans- 
formed into  a  hook  (<?). 

The  type  of  Ophiopholis  miraMlis,  described  by  Duncan,  came 
from  the  Korean  Sea  (Dondal  Bay) .  H.  L.  Clark  reports  the  species 
from  numerous  localities  in  Japan  (Hakodate,  Doumiki  Said,  Ando 
Saki,  Uraga  Strait,  Kinkwasan  Light,  etc.),  at  depths  included  be- 
tween 11.5  and  79  fathoms.  Matsumoto  gives  various  other  localities, 
and  at  the  same  time  he  describes  the  variations  which  he  has  ob- 
served in  the  coloration  of  the  living  animals. 

It  seems  to  me  that  Ophiopholis  mirabilis  is  a  decidedly  different 
form  from  0.  aculeata  (Linnaeus)  which  must  be  specifically  dis- 
tinguished from  it. 

OPHIOCENTRUS  ACULEATUS  Ljungman. 

Plate  71,  figs.  1-3 ;  plate  96,  tig.  8. 

Ophiocentrus  aculcatus  LJUNGMAN  ('66),  p.  321. — LYMAN  ('82),  p.  167. — H. 
L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  268. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5302;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hongkong  (lat.  21°  42'  00"  N.,  long.  114°  50'  00"  E.) ;  69  meters 
(38  fathoms) ;  August  9,  1908 ;  sft.  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41011,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Ophiocentrus  aculeatus  is  known  only  from  Ljungman's 
very  short  diagnosis,  and  it  does  not  appear  to  have  come  to  light 
since  1864.  My  specimen  differs  in  some  respects  from  Ljungman's 
description,  but  I  believe  nevertheless  that  it  represents  the  same 
species.  First  of  all  I  shall  give  a  description  of  it  in  order  to  be 
able  most  advantageously  to  make  a  comparison  with  that  of  the 
Swedish  author. 

The  diameter  of  the  disk,  measured  between  the  distal  extremity  of 
a  radial  shield  and  the  deepest  part  of  the  opposite  interradial  space 
is  8  mm. ;  the  specimen  is  thus  larger  than  that  of  Ljungman,  who 
gives  6  mm.  as  the  diameter  of  the  disk;  the  arms  reach  from  75 
mm.  to  80  mm.  in  length. 

The  disk  is  rather  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces. 
The  dorsal  surface  is  in  a  large  part  occupied  by  the  radial  shields, 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      197 

which  are  very  large,  elongated,  and  about  four  times  as  long  as 
broad,  with  the  long  borders  almost  parallel,  an  almost  straight  dis- 
tal border,  and  a  more  or  less  marked  proximal  angle.  The  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  very  slightly  divergent,  in  contact  distally, 
and  proximally  separated  by  an  extremely  narrow  triangular  space 
covered  with  small  plates.  Outside  of  each  shield  there  is  a  band 
formed  of  small,  closely  crowded,  and  imbricated  plates ;  these  bands, 
which  at  first  are  very  narrow,  toward  the  distal  extremity  of  the 
shield  gradually  broaden  toward  the  proximal  angle,  which  they 
widely  exceed,  without,  however,  reaching  the  central  region  of  the 
disk,  which  remains  naked. 

A  rather  large  number  of  these  plates  carry  a  small,  elongated, 
stout,  conical,  and  pointed  spine  which  is  inserted  on  the  plate  by  a 
broadened  base.  The  interradial  spaces  are  naked,  but  sometimes 
there  may  be  observed  here  and  there  a  few  small  isolated  plates,  each 
of  which  carries  a  spine  identical  with  the  preceding.  The  central 
region  of  the  disk  is  entirely  without  plates.  Altogether,  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  and  of  the  radial  shields,  as  well 
as  the  disposition  of  the  regions  which  remain  uncovered,  recalls 
exactly  the  features  which  have  heretofore  served  to  characterize  the 
old  genus  Ophionephthys. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  absolutely  naked.  The  genital 
slits  are  rather  broad;  they  are  provided  on  their  internal  border 
with  a  row  of  rather  broad  plates  which  assist  in  narrowing  the  naked 
portion  of  the  ventral  surface. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  lozenge-shaped,  almost  as  long 
as  broad,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  bounded  by  very  slightly 
convex  sides ;  the  two  lateral  borders,  on  the  other  hand,  are  slightly 
concave,  and  the  distal  angle  is  thick  and  rounded,  and  forms  a  lobe 
which  projects  into  the  interradial  space.  The  rather  small  adoral 
plates  have  the  form  of  a  crescent,  and  they  are  not  in  contact  in  the 
median  interradial  line;  they  are  rather  elongated  and  maintain 
almost  the  same  width  over  their  whole  length.  The  oral  plates  are 
elongated,  two  and  a  half  times  as  high  as  broad;  they  are  each 
terminated  by  a  stout,  thick,  short,  and  conical  papilla,  which  is 
almost  as  long  as  broad.  A  second  papilla  is  found  beyond  the  first, 
but  on  a  higher  level,  and  it  develops  along  the  oral  plate  and  termi- 
nates in  a  slender  and  pointed  tip.  The  outermost  papilla,  which  is 
inserted  both  on  the  oral  and  on  the  adoral  plate,  arises  on  the  radial 
border  of  the  second  mouth  tentacle  pore ;  it  is  rather  thick,  cylindri- 
cal, and  short,  and  its  tip  is  rounded. 

The  upper  arm  plates  of  the  first  arm  segments  are  almost  oval, 
a  little  longer  than  broad,  and  a  rather  small;  these  plates  then 
broaden  little  by  little,  becoming  as  long  as  broad,  or  even  a  little 


198  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

broader  than  long,  and  assuming  an  almost  circular  form;  they  are 
all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  has  its  distal  portion  much  narrowed  be- 
tween the  neighboring  adoral  plates,  which  are  very  close  together 
in  the  radial  line,  while  the  proximal  portion  broadens  and  takes  the 
form  of  a  triangle  which  is  broader  than  long.  The  following  plates 
are  hexagonal,  with  three  short  proximal  sides;  the  lateral  borders 
are  much  elongated,  slightly  convex  and  almost  straight;  the  distal 
border  is  narrow  and  slightly  excavated  in  the  middle.  All  these 
plates  are  narrow  and  very  much  longer  than  broad;  they  are  all  in 
contact. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  bear  each  seven 
rather  strong,  subequal  spines  equaling  the  segment  in  length ;  some- 
times the  central  spines  are  a  little  more  developed  than  the  others. 
These  spines  are  cylindrical,  and  they  bear  at  their  tip  some  trans- 
parent asperities,  of  which  one  is  especially  developed  on  the  second, 
third,  and  fourth  spines,  forming  a  little  hook  which  is  directed 
toward  the  extremity  of  the  arm  (pi.  96,  fig.  8). 

The  tentacle  pores  are  extremely  large,  but  tentacle  scales  are  com- 
pletely lacking. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  a  very  light  brownish  gray. 

If  we  compare  the  preceding  description  with  Ljungman's  short 
diagnosis,  we  find  the  following  differences : 

First,  Ljungman  in  speaking  of  the  radial  shields  says:  "longa, 
cuneiforma,  .  .  .  parte  minuta  supra  insertionem  brachiorum  nuda 
excepta,  cute  tecta."  But  the  radial  shields  in  my  specimen  are  not 
cuneiform;  they  are  naked  throughout  their  whole  length,  and  ad- 
joining them  there  is  found,  instead  of  a  naked  integument,  a  band 
of  small  plates  broadening  progressively  toward  the  proximal  ex- 
tremity of  these  shields  where  they  form  several  rows,  an  arrange- 
ment not  mentioned  by  Ljungman.  Furthermore,  Ljungman  says 
that  the  mouth  shields  are  much  longer  than  broad ;  I  find  that  they 
are  almost  as  long  as  broad.  He  also  says  that  the  under  arm  plates 
are  "  parum  longiora  quam  latiora  " ;  in  reality  I  notice  that  these 
plates  are  very  much  longer  than  broad. 

The  two  last  differences  are  not  of  much  importance;  as  for  the 
first,  it  perhaps  is  due  to  the  fact  that  my  specimen  is  larger  than 
Ljungman's.  In  addition,  the  Swedish  author  says,  in  the  diagnosis 
of  the  genus  Ophiocentrus,  that  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is 
provided  with  small  erect  spines,  but  he  does  not  specify  whether  he 
has  distinguished  the  plates  which  bear  these  spines,  which,  however, 
may  well  have  been  the  case. 

The  other  characters  mentioned  by  Ljungman  conform  so  well  with 
those  which  I  observe  in  my  specimen  that  I  have  not  had  any  hesita- 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     199 

tion  in  referring  it  to  the  same  species,  the  more  so  since  it  comes 
from  a  locality  near  that  where  the  type  was  collected.  Ljungman 
says  "  hab.  in  profundo  mari  inter  Bataviam  et  Singapore."  The 
term  "  profundo  "  is  rather  vague  and  may  apply  to  very  different 
depths. 

In  his  memoir  of  1915,  in  speaking  of  the  genus  Ophiocentrus, 
Matsumoto  says:  *OpM0eenfrtf&  incl.  Amphiocnida"  ('15,  p.  69, 
note  V).  I  believe  also  that  there  is  really  no  important  difference 
between  the  genus  Ophiocentrus  and  the  genus  Amphiocnida  which 
Verrill  established  in  1899 ;  it  is  advisable  therefore,  to  assign  to  the 
genus  Ophiocentrus  the  species  which  up  to  the  present  have  been 
placed  in  the  genus  Amphiocnida,  and  the  former  thus  find  itself 
suddenly  enriched  with  the  many  following  species : 

Ophiocentrus  aculeatus  Ljungman. 
Ophiocentrus  alboviridis  (Brock). 
Ophiocentrus  asper  (Kcehler). 
Ophiocentrus  brachiatus  (Montagu). 
Ophiocentrus  dilatatus   (Kcehler). 
Ophiocentrus  inaequalis  (H.  L.  Clark). 
Ophiocentrus  pilosus  (Lyman). 
Ophiocentrus  putnami  (Lyman). 
Ophiocentrus  semisquamatus  (Kcehler). 
Ophiocentrus  vertiaillatus  (Doderlein). 

to  which  there  must  be  added  a  new  species  which  I  shall  describe 
below  under  the  name  of  Ophiocentrus  vewator,  making  eleven  spe- 
cies in  all. 

OPHIOCENTRUS  ASPEE   (Koehler). 

Plate  62,  figs.  7-9 ;  plate  96,  fig.  12. 

Op'hiocnida  aspera  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  29,  pi.  2,  figs.  11-13;  ('07b),  p.  244. 
Amphiocnida  aspera  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  237. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5249;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Lanang  Point 
bearing  N.,  1.85  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  06'  06"  N., 
long.  125°  40' 08"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  May  18, 1908 ;  Co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40950,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  about 
45  mm.  in  length. 

I  described  this  species  from  two  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga 
in  the  Sunda  archipelago,  at  depths  between  54  and  36  meters  (30 
:and20  fathoms). 

The  Albatross  specimen  differs  from  those  of  the  Siboga  collection 
only  in  the  outermost  mouth  papilla,  which,  instead  of  being  elon- 
gated with  an  obtuse  point,  remains  rather  low  and  a  little  broader 
than  long.  The  side  arm  plates  carry  five  or  six  arm  spines;  the 


200  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

central  spines  have  the  tip  obtuse  and  slightly  broadened;  the  ex- 
tremity is  armed  with  little  asperities  as  in  the  type,  and  one  of  them 
is  a  little  more  developed  than  the  others,  but  without  forming  a 
true  hook  (pi.  96,  fig.  12). 

In  spite  of  the  slightly  different  form  of  the  outermost  mouth 
papilla,  I  do  not  believe  that  there  is  any  necessity  for  separating 
this  specimen  from  Ophiocentrus  asper. 

OPHIOCENTRUS  VEXATOR,  new  species. 

Plate  62,  figs.  1-5;  plate  96,  fig.  11. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5181;  off  eastern  Panay;  Antonia 
Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  63°  W.,  12.25  kilometers  (6.6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  11°  36'  40"  K,  long.  123°  26'  35"  E.) ;  47  meters  (26  fathoms) ; 
March  27,  1908;  M.,  fne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  10,  E.  11,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  larger  specimen,  which  I  have  taken  as  the  type, 
is  almost  complete.  The  disk  is  slightly  deformed  and  measures  12 
mm.  by  9  mm.  in  diameter ;  the  arms,  almost  all  complete,  are  about 
60  mm.  to  TO  mm.  long.  In  the  other  specimen  the  incomplete  disk 
is  10  mm.  in  diameter,  and  a  single  arm  is  preserved. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  extremely  small 
imbricated  plates,  with  indistinct  outlines,  some  of  which  bear  a 
rather  thick,  but  not  very  long,  conical  spine  with  the  point  blunted. 
These  spines  become  more  closely  crowded  toward  the  periphery  of 
the  disk.  The  radial  shields  are  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  a 
rounded  proximal  angle ;  their  form  is  that  of  a  slightly  curved  tri- 
angle. The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  sometimes  very  close  to- 
gether outwardly  without,  however,  being  in  contact,  and  they  di- 
verge in  such  a  way  as  to  leave  between  them  a  rather  broad  space: 
the  separation  of  the  shields  varies  in  the  different  pairs. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small  rounded, 
imbricated,  equal  plates,  which  are  very  finely  granulose  and  pro- 
vided with  more  pointed  spines  than  those  on  the  plates  of  the  dorsal 
surface ;  these  spines  are  very  closely  crowded  toward  the  periphery 
of  the  disk,  but  they  disappear  rapidly  before  reaching  the  mouth 
shields,  leaving  a  more  or  less  extensive  portion  of  the  ventral  surface 
naked.  The  genital  slits  are  very  narrow  and  elongated. 

The  mouth  shields  are  longer  than  broad ;  they  have  a  form  recall- 
ing that  of  a  very  short  rocket,  or,  in  other  words,  they  show  a  trans- 
versely broadened  and  oval  principal  portion  with  a  broad  and 
slightly  convex  proximal  border  and  the  angles  and  sides  very 
strongly  rounded,  plus  a  lobe  which  projects  into  the  interradial  space 
and  which  is  almost  as  long  as  broad  with  the  distal  border  rounded. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     201 

The  adoral  plates  are  rather  short  and  very  narrow  in  their  proximal 
portion  where  they  are  almost  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial 
line;  outwardly  they  broaden  very  greatly  and  separate  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  small,  half 
again  as  high  as  broad.  The  mouth  papillae,  three  in  number^  are 
arranged  as  in  the  genus  Amphiura;  the  proximal  papilla  is  very 
thick  and  cubical  in  form,  the  second,  situated  on  a  higher  level,  is 
conical  and  pointed ;  the  outermost  papilla,  borne  by  the  adoral  plate, 
is  broad,  thick,  and  conical. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  small,  rounded,  as  long  as  broad,  or  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  with  an  almost  straight  proximal  border; 
the  sides  are  rounded  and  convex,  and  they  are  united  over  a  simi- 
larly rounded  distal  border.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  very  narrow  and  crowded  in  between 
the  neighboring  adoral  plates,  but  it  is  rather  elongated.  The  fol- 
lowing plates  are  rectangular,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  and  rather 
small,  with  a  straight  or  slightly  convex  proximal  border,  a  distal 
border  very  distinctly  concave  and  excavated  in  the  middle,  and 
straight  sides ;  they  are  all  in  contact. 

The  very  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  are  also  much  devel- 
oped, and  they  cover  a  large  part  of  the  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces 
of  the  arms.  They  bear  ten  arm  spines,  which  are  conical  and  sub- 
equal  with  the  point  blunted,  and  almost  equal  the  arm  segments  HI 
length.  The  lateral  spines — that  is,  those  between  the  second  andN 
fifth,  inclusive — often  have  their  tip  slightly  broadened  and  provided 
with  two  or  three  small  conical  teeth,  which  may  be  equal  or  un- 
equal; it  is  rarely  that  one  of  these  last  is  developed  more  than  the 
others,  forming  a  small  slightly  incurved  hook  directed  toward  the 
distal  extremity  of  the  arm  (pi.  96,  fig.  11). 

The  tentacle  pores  are  without  scales. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  grayish. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiocentrus  vexator  is  very 
close  to  O.  verticillatus  (Doderlein)  and  one  might  suppose  that  it 
is  only  a  simple  variety  of  it,  but  the  conical  arm  spines,  which  are 
not  at  all  flattened,  and  are  terminated  by  two  or  three  teeth,  of 
which  one  may  form  a  little  hook  at  the  tip,  are  so  different  from 
the  flattened  spines  broadened  in  the  middle  with  the  tip  rounded 
which  Doderlein  has  described  that  it  seems  to  me  impossible  to  unite 
the  two  forms. 

My  description  was  written  some  time  before  I  became  acquainted 
with  Matsumoto's  memoir  of  1917.  I  am  uncertain  whether  my  O. 
vexator  may  not  be  identical  with  the  Japanese  species  which  he 
refers  to  O.  verticillatus. 


202  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Family  AMPHILEPIDAE. 

AMPHILEPIS  PROTECTA  Kcehler. 

Plate  69,  figs.  9,  10. 

Amphitepis  protecta  KCEHLEK  ('04),  p.  94,  pi.  23,  figs.  8,  9. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),   p.    244 

Locality.— Albatross  station  5359;  Jolo  Sea  (lat.  8°  12'  45"  N., 
long.  120°  37'  15"  E.)  ;  4,161  meters  (2,275  fathoms)  ;  January  9, 1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41013,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  6  mm.  and  6.5  mm. 
The  arms  are  preserved  for  a  considerable  length;  one  of  them, 
which  is  entire,  exceeds  45  mm. ;  these  arms  diminish  rather  rapidly 
in  width,  becoming  extremely  slender  in  their  distal  half. 

The  two  Albatross  specimens  are  a  little  larger  than  the  type, 
which  was  discovered  by  the  Siboga,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  did  not  exceed  4.5  mm.  But  they  agree  very  well  with  my  origi- 
nal description.  The  upper  arm  plates  show  in  the  middle  a  small 
elongated  depression ;  the  under  arm  plates  are  separated  by  a  rather 
broad  space.  I  give  here  two  photographs  of  the  larger  of  the  two 
individuals. 

The  type  of  Amphilepis  protecta  was  found  in  the  Sunda  Archi- 
pelago at  a  depth  of  1,158  meters  (632  fathoms). 

AMPHILEPIS  REMITTENS,  new  species. 

Plate  69,  figs.  7,  8. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5637;  Bouro  Island  (south)  and 
vicinity;  Amblau  Island  (N.)  bearing  80°  E.,  38.91  kilometers  (21 
miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  53'  20"  S.,  long.  126°  48'  00"  E.) ;  1,280  meters 
(700  fathoms) ;  December  10,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41112,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  of  small  size  and  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  does  not  exceed  3  mm.  The  arms,  of  which  four  are  com- 
plete, are  not  10  mm.  in  length ;  they  are  relatively  rather  thick  and 
taper  progressively  without  however  becoming  very  narrow  in  their 
distal  part.  Unfortunately  the  central  portion  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk  is  torn  away. 

The  disk  is  rather  strongly  excavated  in  the  interradial  spaces. 
The  plates  which  remain  on  the  dorsal  surface  are  large,  rounded, 
and  scarcely  imbricated;  they  become  suddenly  very  much  smaller 
toward  the  periphery.  The  radial  shields  are  large,  with  the  internal 
border  almost  straight,  the  external  border  very  convex,  and  an  acute 
proximal  angle ;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact  for  about 
a  third  of  their  length,  and  they  are  separated  inwardly  by  an 
elongated  triangular  plate.  The  length  of  these  shields  is  more  than 
twice  their  width,  and  is  almost  equal  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     203 

The  plates  of  the  ventral  surface  continue  those  of  the  periphery 
of  the  disk  on  the  dorsal  surface,  but  they  are  smaller,  rounded,  thin 
and  imbricated.  The  genital  slits  are  broad. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular,  a 
little  broader  than  long,  with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle  bounded 
by  two  almost  straight  sides ;  the  lateral  angles  are  all  rounded,  and 
the  distal  border  is  almost  straight,  or  slightly  convex.  The  adoral 
plates  are  rather  large,  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  with 
the  longer  borders  almost  parallel;  but  they  taper  somewhat  in- 
wardly, and  they  are  broadly  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial 
line;  they  are  somewhat  enlarged  outwardly,  but  do  not  separate 
the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates 
are  rather  large,  triangular,  as  high  as  broad.  The  inner  mouth 
papilla  is  small  and  conical;  the  outer  papilla  is  large,  elongated, 
inserted  on  the  whole  free  border  of  the  oral  plate;  it  is  broader 
than  long,  with  the  proximal  angle  slightly  produced  and  sharp. 
The  mouth  tentacle  pore  is  furnished  with  a  single  small  rounded 
scale. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large,  very  much  broader  than  long, 
almost  semi-circular,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  very  rounded  proximal 
angle  bordered  by  two  convex  sides  which  pass  over  by  rounded 
angles  to  the  convex  distal  border.  The  two  or  three  first  plates  are 
almost  in  contact,  and  the  following  are  separated  by  a  narrow 
interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  shows  a  principal  portion  which  is  quad^ 
rangular,  a  little  broader  than  long,  from  which  is  given  off  a  small 
narrow  lobe  delimiting  the  radial  border  of  the  mouth  tentacle  pore. 
The  following  are  rather  large,  pentagonal,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and  straight  sides.  They  are 
separated  beyond  the  fifth  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  slightly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  three  narrow,  coni- 
cal, subequal  arm  spines  of  which  the  length  equals  almost  that  of 
the  segment. 

The  arm  tentacle  pores  bear  two  very  small,  subequal,  oval  scales 
set  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — In  spite  of  its  small  size  this 
species  shows  very  pronounced  characters  which  do  not  permit  of 
referring  it  to  any  of  the  known  species  of  the  genus  Amphilepis, 
from  which  it  differs  by  the  presence  of  a  single  tentacle  scale  on 
the  mouth  pore,  while  the  arm  pores  possess  two.  Amphilepis  re- 
mittens  differs  markedly  from  A.  protecta  Kcehler  in  the  size  of  the 
plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  in  having  the  mouth  shields 
a  little  broader  than  long,  in  having  the  under  arm  plates  a  little 
longer  than  broad,  and  in  the  very  short  and  relatively  thick  arms. 


204  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

AMPHIACTIS  DUPLICATA  (Lyman). 

Plate  63,  figs.  1-4. 

Amphiura  duplicata  LYMAN  ('74),  p.  19,  pi.  5,  fig.  78;   ('79),  p.  226;  ('82), 

p.  136.— KCEHLER  ('95),  p.  74;   ('98),  p.  49. 
Amphiura  partita  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  336,  pi.  7,  figs.  50,  51;   ('99),  p.  48; 

pi.  10,  figs.  79,  80;   ('04),  p.  96. 
Ophiactis  duplicata  LUTKEN  and  MORTENSEN  ('99),  p.  142. — KCEHLER  ('07a), 

p.  311;  ('14),  p  40.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  261. 
Amphiactis  duplicata  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  67;  ('17),  p.  147. 
Amphiodia  partita  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  248. 
Amphiactis  partita  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  147. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5348 ;  Palawan  Passage ;  Point  Tabo- 
nan  bearing  S.  89°  E.,  62.08  kilometers  (33.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  10° 
57'  45"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  15"  E.) ;  685  meters   (375  fathoms) ; 
December  27,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41053,  41057,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5475 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon ;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  San  Bernardino  Light  bearing  S.  27°  W.,  20.38 
kilometers  (11  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  55'  26"  N.,  long.  124°  22'  12" 
E.) ;  357  meters  (195  fathoms) ;  June  24,  1909;  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41055,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5658;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Cape  Loko  Loko 
bearing  S.  31°  W.,  19.84  kilometers  (12  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  32' 
40"  S.,  long.  120°  31'  30"  E.) ;  933  meters  (510  fathoms) ;  December 
19,  1909  ;gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41056,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Following  the  example  of  Matsumoto  I  am  placing  this 
species  in  the  genus  AmpMactis  established  by  him,  the  creation  of 
which  is  abundantly  justified  by  the  arrangement  of  the  mouth  papil- 
lae and  by  the  internal  structure. 

The  specimens  are  all  of  small  size,  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
does  not  exceed  5  mm.  They  agree  well  with  the  description  which 
I  published  of  AmpMura  partita  (pi.  63,  figs.  3,  4).  The  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk  are  rather  thick  with  the  borders  raised,  and 
sometimes  they  are  even  somewhat  thickened.  The  mouth  shields 
in  general  show  the  form  which  I  have  described  and  figured  in  A. 
partita  ('96,  p.  336,  pi.  7,  fig.  51),  but  I  notice  some  variations; 
sometimes  these  shields  are  as  long  as  broad,  and  they  may  even  be 
a  little  longer  than  broad,  while  on  other  specimens  they  are  shorter 
and  broader,  and  they  thus  assume  the  form  which  is  represented  by 
Lyman  and  by  Liitken  and  Mortensen  in  Ophiactis  duplicata.  Un- 
der these  conditions  it  does  not  seem  to  me  to  be  worth  while  to 
maintain  the  distinction  which  I  had  thought  it  necessary  to  make 
between  A.  partita  and  A.  duplicata,  and  I  believe  that  the  first 
should  be  considered  as  a  synonym  of  the  second. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEPtS.     205 

Liitken  and  Mortensen  stated  that  they  were  not  absolutely  cer- 
tain of  their  determination,  but  it  seems  to  me  beyond  doubt  that  the 
specimens  which  they  described  and  figured  belong  to  A.  duplicata. 

Amphiactis  duplicata  must  therefore  have  an  enormous  geographi- 
cal range. 

The  specimen  from  station  5658  has  an  appearance  somewhat 
different  from  that  of  the  others  (figs.  1,  2).  It  is  a  little  larger  and 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  7  mm. ;  the  dorsal  surface  is  remark- 
able for  the  thickness  of  the  plates  which  cover  it.  These  are  very 
stout,  and  the  borders  are  much  swollen,  while  the  central  region  is 
a  little  depressed;  the  arm  spines  are  short  and  thick.  But  other- 
wise the  characters  conform  absolutely  to  those  of  A.  duplicata,  and 
in  this  specimen  we  have  to  do  merely  with  an  exaggeration  of  the 
thickness  of  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

Family  OPHIOTRICHIDAE. 

OPHIOTHRIX  ARISTULATA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  aristulata  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  151. — DODERLEIN  ('10),  p.  254,  pi.  5, 
figs.  4,  5.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  269;  ('16),  p.  89. 

Localities . — Albatross  station  5517;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicin- 
ity; Point  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  83°  W.,  19.46  kilometers  (10.5 
miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  45'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  33'  45"  E.)  ;  309  meters 
(169  fathoms) ;  August  9,  1909;  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  96,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5519;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  71°  W.,  16.12  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  47'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  31'  15"  E.) ;  333  meters  (182  fathoms) ; 
August  9,  1909;  Glob.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  97,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5523;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  48°  W..  12.42  kilometers  (6.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  48'  44"  N.,  long.  123°  27'  35"  E.) ;  August  10,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  98,  E.  99,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  which  I  previously  described  and  figured, 
which  were  dredged  by  the  Investigator  in  the  Indian  Ocean  (Anda- 
man Islands  and  coast  of  Coromandel),  have,  as  I  wrote  in  1896 
('96,  p.  363),  a  more  robust  habitus  and  the  radial  shields  are  more 
developed  than  in  Lyman's  type;  the  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  are  stronger  and  longer,  and  the  arm  spines  are  larger. 
I  felt  myself  justified  in  establishing  on  the  basis  of  these  differences 
a  variety  which  I  called  investigatoris,  which,  however,  evidently  is 
of  no  great  value,  and  the  study  of  more  numerous  specimens  from 
different  localities  will  no  doubt  show  intermediates  between  this 
variety  and  the  type. 


206  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  ordinarily  very  long: 
and  stout  (as  those  which  I  show  on  plate  97  in  figure  1#),  become 
sometimes  very  short,  and  then  deserve  the  name  of  club  spines  (b). 
In  certain  of  these  latter  the  teeth  assume  a  very  great  development 
toward  the  free  extremity  of  the  spine,  while  they  tend  to  disappear 
along  the  rest  of  its  length  (c).  In  certain  specimens,  as  for  example 
that  from  station  5519,  the  stem  of  these  club  spines  shortens  while 
the  terminal  teeth  become  very  greatly  developed,  and  multifid  club 
spines  thus  pass  into  trifid  and  even  bifid  club  spines,  such  as  those 
which  I  show  here  (fig.  Id) ;  certain  of  these  last  are  remarkable  for 
the  extraordinary  development  of  the  terminal  spinules. 

I  figure  here  the  dorsal  surface  of  two  specimens  coming,  respect- 
ively, from  stations  5517  and  5523  (pi.  35,  figs.  2,  3),  as  well  as  the 
dorsal  surface  of  a  specimen  collected  by  the  Challenger.  I  include 
these  photographs  not  so  much  to  show  the  very  slight  differences 
which  may  be  found  between  the  two  first  individuals  and  the  third 
as  to  illustrate  the  resemblances  and  the  differences  which  exist  be- 
tween O.  aristulata  and  certain  forms  of  O.  fragilis. 

Doderlein  ('10,  p.  254)  has  given  the  name  of  0.  aristulata  to  some 
specimens  of  an  Ophiothriw  from  the  Bay  of  Liideritz,  remarking- 
that  the  specimens  show  a  very  great  resemblance  to  the  variety 
pentaphyllum  of  0.  fragilis.  He  recalls,  moreover,  that  I  have  my- 
self recorded  that  last  species  on  the  western  coast  of  South  Africa. 
Doderlein  concludes  that  the  only  character  separating  0.  aristulata 
from  O.  fragilis,  var.  pentaphyllum  consists  in  the  slightly  different 
armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

Since  the  publication  of  Doderlein's  memoir  I  have  had  occasion 
to  study  other  specimens  Ophiothrix  from  South  Africa,  from  Swako- 
munde  and  the  Bay  of  Liideritz.  I  have  mentioned  these  in  a  work 
published  in  1914  (J14c,  p.  209),  in  which  I  wrote  as  follows: 

Ces  exemplaires  sont  identiques  a  ceux  que  la  Scotia  a  recueillis  dans  la  Bale 
de  Saldanha  (Cap)  et  que  j'ai  mentionnes  en  1908  sous  le  nom  d'O.  fragilis  var. 
pentaphyllum;  ils  me  paraissent  d'autre  part  etre  parfaitement  conformes  & 
ceux  que  Doderlein  a  decrits  en  1910  sous  le  nom  d'O.  aristulata  et  qui  provien- 
nent  de  la  bale  de  Luderitz,  autant  que  j'en  puis  juger  d'aprSs  les  photo- 
graphies publie'es  par  ce  savant  Ils  s'Scartent  au  contraire  des  0.  aristulata 
que  je  possSde  dans  ma  collection  et  qui  proviennent  de  1'Oce'an  Indien,  et  je 
crois  devoir  maintenir  la  determination  &  laquelle  je  me  suis  arr£t€  en  1908. 

In  referring  to  the  photographs  which  Doderlein  has  published  of 
the  Ophiothrix  from  the  Bay  of  Luderitz  I  believe  I  am  able  to 
state  that  that  author  had  at  hand  not  0.  artistulata  but  the  variety 
pentaphyllum  of  O.  fragilis.  I  can  not  find  any  difference  between 
the  specimen  photographed  by  Doderlein  ('10,  pi.  5,  figs.  4,  5)  and 
the  numerous  individuals  which  I  have  in  my  collection  of  0.  fragilis,. 
var.  pentaphyllum  from  different  localities  on  the  coasts  of  France 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     207 

and  England.  I  give  here  photographs  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
two  of  them,  one  from  the  coasts  of  England  (pi.  35,  fig.  4)  and  the 
other  from  Belle-lie  (fig.  5) ,  and  the  close  resemblance  to  the  specimen 
photographed  by  Doderlein  will  be  seen.  I  also  include  photographs 
of  two  specimens  from  South  Africa,  one  from  the  Bay  of  Liideritz 
(fig.  7)  and  the  other  from  Saldanha  (fig.  6),  which  I  assign  with- 
out the  least  hesitation  to  O.  fragilis,  var.  pentaphyllum. 

The  two  specimens  of  O.  artistulata  from  station  5523  and  that 
from  station  5519  show  the  usual  coloration;  in  that  from  station 
5517  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  is  of  a  uniformly 
violet  pink  color,  and  the  longitudinal  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms 
is  scarcely  indicated. 

The  characters  which  distinguish  O.  artistulata  from  O.  penta- 
phyllum, without  being  of  great  importance,  do  not  allow  of  the  con- 
fusion nor  of  the  union  of  the  two  forms.  They  concern  principally 
the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  the  number  and  the 
arrangement  of  the  arm  spines,  the  relative  dimensions  of  the  disk 
and  of  the  arms,  and  the  coloration.  It  may  be  added  that  O. 
aristulata  has  generally  been  found  at  some  depth,  while  0.  penta- 
phyllum is  a  littoral  form. 

The  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  O.  aristulata 
consists  of  elongated  spines,  of  somewhat  variable  length  and  thick- 
ness, but  always  well  developed,  strongly  denticulated  and  very 
closey  crowded  (pi.  97,  fig.  la) ;.  the  covering  which  they  form  on 
the  disk,  between  the  large  radial  shields,  is  uniform,  and  between 
these  large  spines  there  are  no  club  spines.  These  last  appear  only 
at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  in  the  inter  radial  regions  which  bulge 
outward  between  the  arms;  these  club  spines  are  always  slender  and 
more  or  less  elongated,  and  they  are  furnished  with  strong,  elongated, 
and  pointed  teeth,  which  sometimes  occur  only  on  their  free  tip,  and 
sometimes  in  greater  or  lesser  number  on  different  parts  of  their  length 
(pi.  97,  fig.  15  and  c) .  In  O.  pentaphyllum  the  spines  on  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  are  always  few  in  number,  usually  short  and  thick, 
and  the  covering  consists  especially  of  club  spines,  which  also  are 
short,  thick,  and  conical  and  are  not  elongated  except  towards  the 
periphery  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces. 

The  arms  are  always  very  much  longer  in  respect  to  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  in  O.  aristulata  than  in  O.  pentaphyllum.  The  arm  spines,, 
which  are  in  general  greatly  developed,  rapidly  attain  their  maximum 
length  beyond  the  first  ventral  spine;  this  is  very  short  and  very 
slender;  the  second,  which  is  much  longer,  reaches  and  even  exceeds 
the  length  of  the  segment;  the  third,  which  is  already  almost  as 
thick  as  those  following,  reaches  at  least  the  length  of  two  segments,, 
and  sometimes  even  three.  The  following  spines  are  still  larger. 
This  increase  from  the  first  ventral  spine  to  the  second,  and  from 


208  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  second  to  the  third,  and  then  to  those  following,  takes  place  in  an 
extremely  rapid  manner.  In  O.  pentaphyllum,  on  the  contrary,  the 
augmentation  in  the  length  of  the  spines  takes  place  progressively, 
as  I  showed  in  1915,  and  as  Russo  described  it  in  1893. 

The  armature  of  the  disk  and  the  rapid  increase  in  the  length  of 
the  arm  spines  in  O.  aristulata,  strongly  recalls  the  conditions  which 
occurs  in  O.  quinquemaculata  Delle  Chiaje8  of  the  Mediterranean. 

I  will  add  further  that  the  general  appearance  of  0.  aristulata  is 
very  much  more  robust  than  that  of  0.  pentaphyllum,  the  arms  are 
thicker,  stouter,  and  longer,  and  the  arm  spines  are  more  developed. 
These  are  the  comparative  differences.  The  coloration  of  O.  aristu- 
lata appears  very  uniform,  the  specimens  being  always  of  a  light 
color,  grayish  pink  or  pink,  and  they  never  show  variations  so  ex- 
tended over  the  whole  gamut  of  colors  as  those  known  in  O.  penta- 
phyllum. 

The  type  of  O.  aristulata  was  found  by  the  Challenger  in  34°  S. 
latitude  and  18°  E.  longitude,  at  a  depth  of  274  meters  (150  fathoms), 
as  well  as  at  the  entrance  of  Port  Phillip  in  69  meters  (38  fathoms) 
and  in  the  Bay  of  Twofold  in  219  meters  (120  fathoms).  The  In- 
vestigator found  it  among  the  Andaman  Islands  and  on  the  coast  of 
Coromandel  between  238  and  530  meters  (130  and  290  fathoms). 
H.  L.  Clark  has  recorded  it  from  the  coasts  of  Tasmania  and  of  South 
Australia  at  different  depths  between  119  and  366  meters  (65  and  200 
fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  ARMATA  Kcehler. 

Plate  57,  figs.  3-6 ;  plate  97,  fig.  2. 

Ophiothrix  armata  KCEHLEE  ('05),  p  103,  pi.  10,  figs.  1,  2. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  280. 

Locality. — Celebes. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41046,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  refer  to  Ophiothrix  armata  a  very  small  specimen  from 
Celebes,  of  which  the  state  of  preservation  leaves  something  to  be  de- 
sired and  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  scarcely  exceeds  2.5  mm. 
On  plate  57,  figure  5  I  give  a  photograph  of  its  dorsal  surface.  This 
specimen  differs  only  in  its  coloration  from  the  type  which  I  de- 
scribed in  1905.  The  general  coloration  is  gray  with  a  few  small  dark 
blue  spots.  Toward  the  distal  angle  of  the  radial  shields  there  ap- 
pears a  very  light  band,  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  dark  blue  line 
which  continues  onto  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms;  this  band 

8  Ophiothrix  quinquemaculata  is  the  species  which  Russo  in  1893  recorded  under  the 
name  of  O.  echinata,  a  synonymy  which  I  erroneously  adopted  from  him  in  my  work  of 
1895  and  which  I  have  followed  in  all  my  later  publications.  It  is  sufficient  to  mention 
the  fact  here  in  passing.  I  intend  to  return  to  it  in  the  near  future,  in  taking  up  again, 
in  more  detail  than  I  did  in  1895,  the  study  of  the  species  of  Ophiothrix  of  the  European 
seas,  in  order  to  describe  in  some  detail  the  numerous  variations  which  the  armature  of 
their  disks  show. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     209 

broadens  slightly  toward  the  distal  border  of  each  upper  arm  plate 
and  narrows  a  little  toward  their  middle ;  the  upper  arm  plates  and 
likewise  the  side  arm  plates,  are  also  studded  with  very  small  blue 
spots;  the  ventral  surface  is  yellowish  gray.  The  spines  are  trans- 
parent and  slightly  bluish.  I  give  here  for  comparison  two  photo- 
graphs of  one  of  the  Siboga  specimens  upon  which  I  based  the  species 
and  which  will  better  serve  to  show  the  characters  than  my  schematic 
drawings  of  1905  (figs.  3,  4).  I  also  show  on  plate  97,  as  figure  2, 
two  of  the  first  ventral  arm  spines  transformed  into  hooks  with  three 
branches  of  the  type  most  usual  in  Ophiothrix  (a),  as  well  as  two 
tentacle  scales  (b) ;  these  last  are  small  and  delicate,  and  terminate 
in  a  rather  long  point. 

The  type  of  0.  armata  came  from  Banda;  it  is  a  strictly  littoral 
form. 

OPHIOTHRIX  ASPIDOTA  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

Plate  32,  figs.  1-5 ;  plate  33,  fig.  7 ;  plate  97,  fig.  3. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  aspidota  KOEHLEB  ('04a),  p.  87,  figs.  50-54. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15), 
p.    269. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5321;  Ibugos  Island  (south  end) 
bearing  S.  89°  W.,  2.32  kilometers  (1.25  miles)  distant  (lat,  20°  19' 
30"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15"  E.) ;  47  meters  (26  fathoms) ;  November 
9,  1908;  wh.  S.,  Co.,  brk.  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  ]\o.  E.  9,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.  The  arms  are  not  pre- 
served for  a  greater  length  than  40  mm.,  but  judging  from  the  frag- 
ments which  accompany  the  specimen,  and  which  appear  to  me  to 
represent  a  total  length  of  more  than  80  or  90  mm.,  they  must  be  very 
long;  the  arms  are  flattened  and  remain  of  the  same  width  over  a 
very  large  part  of  their  length  (figs.  3,  4,  5). 

The  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  short,  rather 
broad,  and  ordinarily  terminate  in  three  subequal  spinules;  some- 
times these  spinules  are  four  in  number,  or  two  only ;  it  may  happen 
that  one  of  them  is  greatly  elongated  at  the  expense  of  the  others 
(pi.  97,  fig.  3a).  Toward  the  borders  of  the  disk  the  club  spines  be- 
come a  little  longer  and  more  slender.  The  first  ventral  arm  spine 
becomes  transformed  rather  rapidly  into  a  hook  which  never  becomes 
very  large,  and  which  may  show  as  many  as  eight  or  nine  subequal 
points  on  its  concave  side;  the  convex  side  also  often  shows  some 
asperities  toward  the  terminal  part  (pi.  97,  fig.  3&).  The  following 
spines  bear  very  closely  crowded  and  much  elongated  teeth  on  their 
proximal  border,  while  the  teeth  are  short,  conical  and  few  on  the 
distal  border  (fig.  3c  and  d).  The  tentacle  scale  is  elongated  and 
ends  in  a  sharp  point  (e). 

55269— 22— Bui.  100 14 


210  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  general  coloration  is  light  pink;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  is  light;  the  arms  are  a  little  darker  and  show  slightly  darker 
annotations.  On  the  ventral  surface  the  disk  is  light  gray  and  the 
arms  are  pinkish  gray,  with  traces  of  annulations  and  a  darker  spot 
toward  the  middle  of  each  of  the  under  arm  plates;  the  spines  are 
colorless.  Some  dark  purple  dots  are  found  on  the  radial  shields  and 
on  the  upper  arm  plates  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  there  is  not  the 
least  trace  of  a  dorsal  median  line. 

In  1904  I  had  the  opportunity  of  redescribing  the  original  speci- 
men of  O.  aspidota,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10.5  mm.; 
at  the  same  time  I  described  the  characters  of  a  specimen  from  Trin- 
comalee  in  my  own  collection,  which  I  referred  to  O.  aspidota.  It 
seems  to  me  worth  while  to  reproduce  here  (pi.  32,  figs.  1,  2)  two 
photographs  of  this  last  for  comparison  with  the  individual  col- 
lected by  the  Albatross  represented  in  figures  3,  4,  5. 

Miiller  and  Troschel's  type  is  completely  decolorized,  and  it  is 
impossible  to  learn  the  color  which  it  had  in  life;  that  from  Trin- 
comalee  is  violet  gray ;  the  radial  shields  are  lighter  than  the  rest  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  and  they  show  toward  their  borders  a 
rather  irregular  and  noncontinuous  line  of  dark  blue ;  the  upper  arm 
plates  show  toward  their  distal  outer  angle  a  lighter  line,  and  here 
and  there  is  an  indication,  very  vague,  however,  of  a  lighter  median 
dorsal  line;  the  spines  are  gray.  The  Albatross  specimen  differs  very 
sharply  in  its  coloration  from  that  from  Trincomalee,  but  in  all  its 
morphological  characters  I  find  it  so  conformable  with  the  type  of 
O.  aspidota  that  it  does  not  seem  to  me  possible  to  separate  it  from 
that  species ;  the  question  of  the  color  can  not  enter  into  consideration 
here  because  the  type  of  O.  aspidota  is  entirely  faded  out. 

The  radial  shields  of  the  specimen  collected  by  the  Albatross  are 
large,  absolutely  naked,  and  their  surface  is  very  finely  granulose. 
The  granulation  of  the  upper  arm  plates  is  scarcely  marked.  The 
form  of  these  plates  is  absolutely  identical  with  that  in  the  type; 
they  are  trapezoidal  with  the  distal  border  almost  straight,  and  the 
lateral  angles  are  very  sharp  (pi.  33,  fig.  7).  I  remarked  in  1904  the 
peculiar  form  of  the  adoral  plates  in  0.  aspidota;  these  plates  are 
widely  removed  from  the  median  interradial  line  and  they  show  an 
irregularly  rounded  principal  portion  continuing  by  a  slender  process 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate;  I 
find  this  form  again  in  the  Albatross  specimen,  as  I  had  also  observed 
it  in  that  from  Trincomalee. 

The  only  character  by  whch  the  Albatross  specimen  differs  from 
the  two  others  is  the  form  of  the  under  arm  plates,  which  are  square, 
as  long  as  broad,  with  the  distal  border  very  gently  rounded.  In 
Miiller  and  Troschel's  type  and  in  the  specimen  from  Trincomalee 
these  plates  are  distinctly  broader  than  long.  I  believe  that  this 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     211 

difference  has  to  do  with  the  size  of  the  subjects.  In  the  type  of  the 
species,  which  is  a  little  larger  than  the  Albatross  specimen,  the  rela- 
tive width  of  the  under  arm  plates  is  far  from  being  as  pronounced 
as  in  the  specimen  from  Trincomalee,  in  which  the  disk  reaches  17 
mm.  in  diameter;  in  the  last,  the  ventral  plates  are  very  much 
broader  than  long,  and  their  distal  border  is  no  longer  convex ;  it  be- 
comes sometimes  even  slightly  concave.  I  do  not  believe  that  this 
slight  difference  in  the  form  of  the  under  arm  plates  necessitates  a 
specific  separation,  and  I  believe  that  the  name  O.  aspidota  may  be 
perfectly  well  applied  to  the  Albatross  specimen. 

However,  it  must  be  noticed  that  this  individual  differs  in  its 
coloration  from  my  specimen  from  Trincomalee.  Must  it  be  assumed 
from  this  that  the  latter  is  not  an  O.  aspidota?  I  do  not  think  so, 
and  we  know  other  species  of  OphiotJirix  in  which  the  blue  coloration 
replaces  the  red  coloration,  or  the  reverse;  I  have  been  able  to  ob- 
serve, for  example,  that  in  0,  proquinqua  the  general  coloration  is 
sometimes  blue  and  sometimes  red. 

I  may  add  that  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk 
and  the  arm  spines  show  the  same  microscopical  characters  in  the 
specimen  from  the  Philippines  and  in  mine  from  Trincomalee. 

Miiller  and  Troschel's  original  specimen  is  given  as  coming  from 
the  East  Indies;  Lyman  mentions  O.  aspidota  from  Celebes;  the 
species  is  also  known  from  Madagascar,  from  Ceylon,  and  from 
Kurrachee. 

OPHIOTHRIX  BELLAX,  new  species. 

Plate  47,  figs.  1-3;  plate  97,  fig.  4. 

Locality. — Unknown. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41026,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.  The  arms  must 
be  rather  long,  though  none  is  complete;  one  of  them  is  preserved 
for  a  length  of  TO  mm.  and  it  only  seems  to  lack  a  small  part  of  its 
distal  portion. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  uniformly  covered 
between  the  radial  shields  with  rather  stout,  elongated,  somewhat 
unequal,  and  irregular  spines,  showing  at  different  heights  some 
rather  strong  conical  and  pointed  teeth,  their  tips  ending  in  two 
or  three  short  and  pointed  spinules  (pi.  97,  fig.  4a) .  In  the  midst 
of  these  spines  are  some  cylindrical  club  spines  terminated  by 
two  or  three  unequal  spinules,  and  all  intermediate  forms  between 
the  longest  spines  and  the  shortest  club  spines  may  be  found;  but 
the  spines  are  in  the  majority;  this  whole  investment  is  rather 
close.  At  the  periphery  of  the  disk  the  spines  become  progressively 
shorter,  and  only  the  club  spines  pass  over  onto  the  ventral  sur- 
face. The  radial  shields  are  covered,  but  they  only  bear  small  club 


212  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

spines  which  are  shorter  than  those  on  the  rest  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face; as  these  club  spines  are  not  very  closely  crowded,  the  out- 
lines of  the  radial  shields  are  very  evident.  They  are  triangular 
and  bounded  by  straight  sides,  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and 
their  length  equals  almost  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  club  spines  of  the  ventral  surface,  which  are  at  first  elongated 
and  terminated  by  several  spinules,  become  progressively  shorter 
and  simply  conical  toward  the  mouth  shields;  but  they  almost 
entirely  cover  the  whole  surface.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  slightly  pyriform,  almost  as  long  as  broad, 
with  the  proximal  angle  rather  sharp,  though  with  the  apex 
rounded,  bordered  by  two  slightly  concave  sides  passing  over  by 
very  broadly  rounded  angles  into  the  dorsal  side,  which  is  more 
or  less  convex.  The  medium  sized  adoral  plates  are  triangular, 
narrowing  inwardly,  and  not  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial 
line,  much  broadened  outwardly,  but  not  separating  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  extremely 
broad  and  not  very  high.  The  tooth  papillae  form  two  lateral  rows 
between  which  are  found  two  other  median  rows  which  are  a  little 
more  irregular. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  trapezoidal,  a  little  broader  than  long, 
with  a  straight  and  narrow  proximal  border,  a  broad  and  convex 
distal  border,  and  divergent  sides;  the  lateral  angles  are  rounded. 
They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  large,  quadrangular,  almost  as  broad 
as  long,  with  the  sides  convex;  this  plate  is  as  broad  as,  and  even 
a  little  broader  than,  the  following  plate.  This  is  longer  thaji 
broad,  with  the  proximal  border  straight  and  narrower  than  the 
distal  border,  which  is  convex;  the  sides  are  divergent  and  con- 
cave. The  third  plate  is  also  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  the 
distal  border  convex,  and  broader  than  the  proximal  border.  The 
fourth  is  almost  as  long  as  broad,  and,  beyond  the  fifth,  the  plates 
become  a  little  broader  than  long  with  the  proximal  border  always 
a  little  narrower  than  the  distal  border,  and  the  latter,  instead  of 
being  rounded,  becomes  slightly  excavated  in  the  middle.  All 
these  plates  are  broadly  in  contact.  The  three  first  under  arm  plates 
are  rather  deeply  excavated,  the  excavation  taking  the  form  of  a 
groove  down  the  middle,  while  the  lateral  borders  are  elevated: 
sometimes  this  groove  is  slightly  marked  on  the  fourth  plate,  but 
beyond  that  the  surface  of  the  underarm  plates  remains  quite  flat. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  slightly  projecting,  carry  at  the 
base  of  the  arms  ten  arm  spines,  but  this  number  rapidly  falls  to 
eight  and  then  to  seven.  The  three  first  ventral  spines  remain  very 
short,  shorter  than  the  segment;  the  fourth  is  very  much  longer 
than  the  third,  and  its  length  much  exceeds  that  of  the  segment; 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     213 

then  the  length  increases  rapidly,  and  the  three  following  almost 
equal  three  segments  and  a  half;  the  last  dorsal  spine  is  generally 
shorter  than  the  preceding.  The  lateral  spines  broaden  toward  the 
tip,  at  the  same  time  becoming  samewhat  flattened,  but  the  dorsal 
spines  does  not  broaden  and  ends  in  a  point.  All  are  perfectly 
transparent  and  furnished  with  strong  pointed  and  closely  placed 
denticulations.  The  first  ventral  spine  beyond  the  tenth  segment 
is  converted  into  a  somewhat  elongated  hook  with  generally  four 
branches  the  length  and  thickness  of  which  increase  from  the  first 
to  the  last  (pi.  97,  fig.  4&). 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small,  oval,  with  the  tip  rounded,  scarcely 
longer  than  broad  (fig.  4e). 

The  general  coloration  is  red.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is 
rather  dark,  of  a  quite  uniform  slightly  brownish  red.  A  white  line 
runs  along  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms,  narrowing  slightly 
toward  the  middle  of  each  upper  arm  plate  and  broadening  toward 
the  distal  border.  On  either  side  runs  a  very  narrow  red  line  which 
follows  the  outlines  of  the  white  band ;  small  red  longitudinal  striae 
are  seen  on  the  pink  background  of  the  upper  arm  plates  outside  of 
this  median  line.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  dark  brown,  but 
the  spines  which  it  bears  are  roseate.  The  ventral  surface  of  the 
arms  is  pink ;  a  white  band  runs  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the 
ventral  median  line  and  it  is  bounded  on  each  side  by  an  extremely 
narrow  scarcely  darker  line  which  shows  at  the  plane  of  the  border 
of  each  segment  a  small  darker  dot.  The  spines  are  transparent, 
though  slightly  roseate. 

Affinitities  and  distinctive  features. — Opfiiothrix  bellax  belongs  to 
the  section  of  Ophiothrix  in  which  the  radial  shields  are  covered 
and  the  arms  are  very  long,  and  it  approaches  0.  puneto-limbata 
Martens,  O.  longipeda  (Lamarck),  O.  hirsuta  Miiller  and  Troschel, 
O.  belli  Doderlein,  0.  obtusa  Koehler,  and  O.  expedita  Kcehler.    It 
is  distinguished  from  0.  belli  by  the  much  longer  arm  spines  which 
are  denticulated  throughout  their  whole  length,  broadening  grad- 
ually and  not  abruptly  in  their  distal  half ;  the  covering  of  the  disk 
consists  of  small  short  spines  mixed  with  club  spines,  and  the  radial 
shields  are  more  covered  than  in  0.  belli.    It  differs  from  O.  obtusa, 
in  which  the  surface  of  the  disk  is  simply  covered  with  little  rugose 
granules  and  in  which  the  arms  are  shorter.     In  the  form  of  the 
upper  arm  plates  O.  bellax  is  sharply  distinguished  from  O.  hirsuta, 
O.  longipeda,  and  0.  puneto-limbata.     Furthermore  the  coloration 
is  entirely  different  in  the  species  which  I  have  just  mentioned. 
Only  0.  expedita  has  a  coloration  comparable  to  that  of  O.  bellow; 
it  is,  however,  a  little  darker  and  verging  toward  brown ;  but  the  form 
of  the  radial  shields  is  very  different  and  the  arms  of  O.  expedita 
show  on  their  dorsal  surface  three  very  characteristic  white  lines. 


214  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOTHRIX  CAPILLARIS  Lyman. 

Plate  37,  figs.  2-4 ;  plate  97,  fig.  5. 

OphiotJtrix  capillaris  LYMAN   ('79),  p.  51,  pi.  14,  figs.  401-404;    ('82),  p. 
222,  pi.  21,  figs.  5-8.— F.  J.  BELL  ('94),  p.  397.— KCEHLEE  ('04),  p.  151. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5113 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon ; 
Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  7°  W.,  17.60  kilometers  (9.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  51'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  50'  30"  E.) ;  291  meters  (159 
fathoms) ;  January  17,  1908;  dk.  gn.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41124,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5118 ;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island  Passage ; 
Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  47°  E.,  18.53  kilometers  (10  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  13°  48'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  41'  51"  E.;  291  meters)  159 
fathoms) ;  January  21,  1908 ;  dk.  gn.  M. 

Eight  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41125,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5166;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  20°  W., 
8.52  kilometers  (4.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  56'  10"  N.,  long.  119°  46' 
00"  E.) ;  177  meters  (97  fathoms) ;  February  24, 1908;  co.  S. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40930,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5168. 

Nine  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E,  146,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5198 ;  in  the  vicinty  of  western  Bohol ;  Baliscasag 
Island  bearing  S.  6°  E.,  18.99  kilometers  (10.25  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  40'  50"  N.,  long.  123°  39'  45"  E.) ;  402  meters  (220  fathoms)  ; 
April  9,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  143,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5260;  off  southeastern  Mindoro;  Balanja  Point 
bearing  N.  28°  W.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  12° 
25'  35"  N.,  long.  121°  31'  35"  E.) ;  428  meters  (234  fathoms) ;  June 
3,  1908  ;gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41070,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5367;  Verde  Island  Passage;  Malabrigo  Light 
bearing  N.  81°  E.,  14.83  kilometers  (8  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  34' 
37"  N.,  long.  121°  07'  30"  E.) ;  329  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  Febru- 
ary 22,  1909;  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40940,  E.  113  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5406;  Dupon  Bay  (Leyte)  and  vicinity;  Ponson 
Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  88°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  49'  03"  N.,  long.  124°  22'  30"  E.) ;  545  meters  (298 
fathoms) ;  March  17,  1909;  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  K  104  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5407;  Dupon  Bay  (Leyte)  and  vicinity;  Ponson 
Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  76°  E.,  22.61  kilometers  (12.2  miles)  distant 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     215 

(lat.  10°   51'  38"   N.,  long.   124°   20'   54"   E.)  ;   640  meters    (350 
fathoms) ;  March  17,  1909;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  142,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5411. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  114,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5440;  west  coast  of  Luzon,  Manila  Bay  to 
Lingayen  Gulf;  San  Fernando  Point  Light  bearing  N.  82°  E.,  42.81 
kilometers  (23.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  16°  33'  52"  N.,  long.  119°  52' 
54"  E.) ;  314  meters  (172  fathoms) ;  May  10,  1909;  fne.  gy.  S.,  Glob. 

Twenty-four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  131,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5504;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Maca- 
balan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  39°  E.,  11.1  kilometers 
(6  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  35'  30"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  00"  E.) ;  366 
meters  (200  fathoms) ;  August  5,  1909;  gn.  M. 

Five  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5505;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Maca- 
balan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  14.27  kilometers 
(7.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  00"  E.) ;  402 
meters  (220  fathoms) ;  August  5,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  104  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5511;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Camp 
Overton  Light  bearing  S.  80°  E.,  28.35  kilometers  (15.3  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  8°  15'  20"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  00"  E.)  ;  750  meters  (410 
fathoms) ;  August  7,  1909 ;  gy.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5518;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  64°  W.,  16.12  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  48'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  31'  00"  E.) ;  366  meters  (200  fathoms) ; 
August  9,  1909;  gy.  M.,  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41380,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5519;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  71°  W.,  16.12  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  47'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  31'  15"  E.) ;  333  meters  (182  fathoms) ; 
August  9,  1909 ;  Glob.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41380,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5523;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  48°  W.,  12.42  kilometers  (6.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  48'  44"  N.,  long.  123°  27'  35"  E.) ;  August  10,  1909. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5536;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  26°  W.,  21,87  kilometers  (11.8  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  15'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  22'  00"  E.)  ;  510  meters  (279  fathoms) ; 
August  19,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Some  specimens. 


216  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5538;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  64°  W.,  13.53  kilometers  (7.3  miles)  distant  (lat, 
9°  08'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  23'  20"  E.) ;  468  meters  (256  fathoms) ; 
August  19,  1909;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Some  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5543;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  75°  W.,  23.16 
kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  47'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  35' 
00"  E.) ;  296  meters  (162  fathoms) ;  August  20,  1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  113  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5560;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian  Point 
bearing  N.  76°  W.,  9.26  kilometers  (5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  52'  00" 
N.,  long.  121°  01'  06"  E.) ;  26  meters  (14  fathoms) ;  September  18, 
1909. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5573;  north  of  Tawi  Tawi;  Simaluc  Island  (N.) 
bearing  S.  86°  E.,  0.74  kilometer  (0.4  mile)  distant  (lat.  5°  28'  30" 
N.,  long.  120°  13'  00"  E.) ;  22  meters  (12  fathoms) ;  September  22, 
1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  104  [part],  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5576;  north  of  Tawi  Tawi;  Mount  Dromedario 
bearing  S.  22°  W.,  31.87  kilometers  (17.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  25' 
56"  N.,  long.  120°  03'  39"  E.) ;  507  meters  (277  fathoms) ;  Septem- 
ber 22,  1909 ;  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  113  [part],  U.S.N.M.) 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  in  general  very  fine  and  in  an  excellent 
state  of  preservation.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  13 
mm.  and  24  mm.  The  coloration  is  always  ver}^  light  and  varies 
from  a  pinkish  gray  to  a  clear  pink  on  the  dorsal  face"  of  the  disk 
and  of  the  arms ;  the  ventral  surface  is  very  pale  and  almost  white. 
The  line  which  runs  along  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
arms  is  broad,  brownish  red,  sometimes  perfectly  uniform  and  some- 
times lighter  in  the  middle.  Some  specimens  show  a  general  rather 
dark  brown  coloration.  I  give  here  (pi.  37,  fig.  3)  a  figure  of  a 
specimen  from  station  5440  in  which  the  radial  shields  show  a  cover- 
ing of  rather  closely  crowded  club  spines,  and  another  from  station 
5536  (fig.  2)  in  which,  conversely,  the  club  spines  are  rare  and  very 
small  on  the  radial  shields  the  surface  of  which  is  almost  naked  and 
which  are  relatively  larger.  Isolated  and  examined  under  the 
microscope  these  club  spines  show  variations  of  importance  only  in 
their  dimensions  (pi.  97,  fig.  5&),  some  remaining  very  short,  others 
becoming  rather  long  and  relatively  rather  slender;  they  usually 
have  three  or  four  terminal  spinules.  At  some  distance  from  the 
disk  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  is  transformed  into  a  hook  with  three 
branches  of  the  form  most  usual  in  the  genus  OphiotJirix  (fig.  5fr). 
The  tentacle  scale  is  large  and  rounded  (c). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     217 

The  Challenger  discovered  0.  capillaris  in  12°  N.  latitude  and  122° 
E.  longitude  at  a  depth  of  182  to  210  meters  (100  to  115  fathoms) ; 
she  found  it  again  at  Cebu  in  182  meters  (100  fathoms).  The  Siboga 
found  the  species  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  in  about  5°  S.  latitude 
and  132°  E.  longitude  at  a  depth  of  304  to  310  meters  (166  to  169 
fathoms) . 

OPHIOTHRIX  CORONATA  Kcehler. 

Plate  40,  fig.  5 ;  plate  41,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  98,  fig.  1. 

Ophiothrix  coronata  KCEHLER   ('05),  p.  91,  pi.  9,  figs.  8,  9. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  280. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5108;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  05"  05"  N.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.) ;  24  meters  (13 
fathoms)  ;  January  15.  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen. 

No  locality. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  8,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  in  the  specimen  from  station  5108 
is  7  mm. ;  the  arms  are  broken  off  at  a  greater  or  lesser  distance  from 
the  base,  and  the  largest  is  preserved  for  almost  50  mm.  of  its  length. 
The  specimen  shows  a  bluish-gray  coloration,  with  narrow  reddish 
annulations  at  intervals  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms,  which  is 
covered  with  small  very  closely  crowded  spinulate  club  spines. 

The  specimen  without  locality  was  associated  with  the  OpMothrix 
which  I  have  described  above  under  the  name  of  0.  bellax;  it  is 
larger  than  that  from  station  5108,  the  diameter  of  its  disk  reaching 
14  mm.,  and  the  arms  exceeding  110  mm.  in  length.  The  general 
coloration  is  a  rather  dark  pink  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk 
and  arms ;  the  ventral  surface  is  lighter. 

The  characters  of  these  two  specimens  agree  well  with  those  of  the 
Siboga  specimen  which  served  me  as  the  type  of  O.  coronata,  and  I 
believe  it  necessary  to  refer  them  to  this  species  rather  than  to  O. 
demessa.  The  arm  spines  are  very  long,  their  length  exceeding  three 
segments;  the  under  arm  plates  are  markedly  longer  than  broad.  I 
have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  separate  these  two  specimens  in  spite 
of  the  difference  in  coloration,  for  their  morphological  characters 
are  absolutely  identical.  They  are  very  different  in  size,  and  the 
smaller,  while  showing  a  general  blue  color,  has  reddish  tints  which 
recall  the  general  coloration  of  the  larger. 

The  type  specimen  of  O.  coronata  was  found  by  the  Siboga  in  the 
Sunda  Archipelago  (lat.  0°  N.,  long.  130°  E.)  at  a  depth  of  83  meters 
(47  fathoms). 

The  microscopical  characters  of  the  club  spines  which  cover  the 
disk,  of  the  arm  spines,  etc..  are  identical  in  the  two  specimens;  they 


218  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

usually  terminate  in  three  much  elongated,  pointed,  and  rather  stout 
spinules  (pi.  98,  fig.  16).  The  small  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  upper  arm  plates  are  short,  rather  broad,  and  carry  two  or 
three  rather  well  developed  and  subequal  spinules  (fig.  l<z) . 

In  both  specimens  the  first  ventral  spine  rapidly  becomes  con- 
verted into  a  hook  resembling  that  which  I  have  described  in  O. 
aspidota;  that  is  to  say,  it  shows  on  its  concave  border  seven  or  eight 
parallel  points,  while  its  convex  border  bears  toward  the  tip  two  or 
three  asperities  (pi.  98,  fig.  Ic).  The  tentacle  scale  is  large  and 
elongated,  terminated  sometimes  by  a  single  elongated  point,  some- 
times by  two  or  three  unequal  points  (e). 

OPHIOTHRIX  CRASSISPINA  Koehler. 

Plate  49,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  50,  fig.  1 ;  plate  52,  figs.  3-5 ;  plate  98,  fig.  2. 

Ophiothrix  crassispina  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  147,  pi.  28,  figs.  3-5;  pi.  29,  fig.  1; 
pi..  30,  fig.  4.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  280. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5168;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group ;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  17°  W.,  7.78  kilo- 
meters (4.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  56'  30"  N.,  long.  119°  45'  40"  E.) ; 
146  meters  (80  fathoms) ;  February  25, 1908;  co.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  144,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5170;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Sibutu  Island  (south  end)  bearing  N.  38°  E.,  25.02  kilometers  (13.5 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  28'  00"  N.,  long.  119°  19'  30"  E.) ;  234  meters 
(128  fathoms) ;  February  27,  1908;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  145,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  of  different  sizes;  in  the  largest  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  7.5  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  between  30  mm. 
and  35  mm.  in  length ;  in  the  others  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies 
between  6  mm.  and  4  mm. 

They  agree  well  with  the  type  which  I  described  from  two  speci- 
mens collected  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  in  which 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  7  mm.  and  9  mm. 

The  photographs  which  I  reproduce  here  (pi.  49,  figs.  1-6;  pi.  50, 
fig.  1;  pi.  52,  figs.  3-5)  render  it  unnecessary  for  me  to  describe  the 
modifications  of  the  arm  spines ;  it  is  sufficient  to  complete  in  certain 
respects  my  description  of  1904. 

I  described  the  arm  spines  as  eight  in  number,  adding  that  the 
length  increased  from  the  first  to  the  sixth ;  this  progressive  elonga- 
tion may  be  especially  well  appreciated  on  the  photograph  represent- 
ing a  fragment  of  an  arm  seen  from  the  ventral  surface  (pi.  52,  fig. 
5),  and  it  will  be  remarked  that  the  three  first  spines  remain  very 
short.  I  emphasize  this  character,  as  well  as  the  number  of  the  arm 
spines,  which  will  permit  us  to  separate  0.  crassispina  from  the  new 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     219 

species  which  I  am  describing  below  under  the  name  of  0.  cumulata, 
in  which  the  dorsal  spines  are  sometimes  thickened. 

In  my  description  of  1904  I  did  not  mention  that  the  upper  arm 
plates  may  show  on  their  distal  border  a  row  of  extremely  fine  spines, 
which,  however,  are  not  constant,  but  which  I  usually  find  on  the 
specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross;  perhaps  these  spines  did  not 
occur  on  the  Siboga  specimens.  They  appear  to  be,  however,  more 
developed  in  the  younger  individuals,  and  they  occur  only  for  a 
certain  distance  beyond  the  arm  bases.  Thus  on  the  smallest  of  the 
Albatross  specimens  these  spines  are  very  evident  (pi.  52,  fig.  4)  and 
on  one  of  the  arms  they  even  occur  beginning  with  the  third  seg- 
ment, where  they  are  two  or  three  in  number,  becoming  more  numer- 
ous and  more  obvious  in  the  distal  half  of  the  arms;  their  number 
and  their  size  varies,  however,  with  the  individual,  and  as  a  rule 
they  only  appear  on  the  segments  the  arm  spines  of  which  are  not 
thickened. 

The  thickening  of  the  arm  spines  appears  certainly  to  depend  on 
the  age  of  the  individuals,  as  I  wrote  in  1904;  however,  this  thick- 
ening does  not  appear  to  be  exactly  proportionate  to  the  size  of  the 
specimens.  In  all  those  collected  by  the  Albatross  the  dorsal  spines 
are  strongly  thickened  and  shortened  in  the  proximal  portion  of  the 
arms;  the  thickening  occurs  on  the  last  dorsal  spine  and  sometimes 
also  on  that  preceding  the  last,  where  it  is,  however,  a  little  less 
accentuated.  The  degree  of  thickening  varies  somewhat  and  it  is 
not  entirely  proportional  to  the  size  of  the  specimen.  This  thicken- 
ing is  very  marked  in  the  largest  individuals  in  which  the  disk 
reaches  7.5  mm.  in  diameter  (pi.  49,  figs.  4,  5),  but  it  is  equally 
marked  in  a  smaller  specimen  in  which  the  disk  is  only  5.5  mm.  in 
diameter  (fig.  6).  It  is  slightly  accentuated  in  a  specimen  in  which 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm.,  while  in  another  in  which  this 
diameter  reaches  only  4.5  mm.  it  is  more  marked  (pi.  49,  fig.  3 ;  pi. 
52,  fig.  5.).  A  single  specimen,  in  which  the  disk  is  4  mm.  only  in 
diameter  (fig.  2),  has  the  dorsal  spines  scarcely  modified;  however 
the  indication  of  a  tendency  toward  thickening  may  be  noticed. 

On  plate  98  as  figure  2<?  I  give  some  photographs  of  the  club  spines 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  are  always  very  short ;  they 
are  cylindrical,  almost  as  high  as  broad,  and  carry  on  their  outer 
surface  short  and  conical  subequal  spinules.  The  hook  which  repre- 
sents the  first  ventral  arm  spine,  while  agreeing  with  the  type  most 
frequent  in  the  genus  Ophio  thrive,  is  remarkable  for  the  great  de- 
velopment of  the  terminal  branch,  while  the  two  others  remain  very 
short  and  very  narrow  (fig.  2&).  The  tentacle  scale  is  stout  and 
rounded,  provided  on  its  free  border  with  a  few  short,  conical,  and 
unequal  points  (a). 


220  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  type  series  was  collected  by  the  Siboga  in  latitude  8°  19'  S. 
and  longitude  117°  41'  E.,  at  a  depth  of  274  meters  (150  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  CUMULATA,  new  species. 

Plate  50,  figs.  2-8 ;  plate  51,  figs.  1-5 ;  plate  52,  figs.  1,  2 ;  plate  98,  fig.  3. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5112. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  15,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5212;  east  of  Masbate  Island;  Panalangan  Point 
bearing  S.  54°  30'  E.,  26.87  kilometers  (14.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12° 
04'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  04'  36"  E.) ;  197  meters  (108  fathoms) ;  April 
20,  1908  ;gy.  S.,  M. 

Twenty-six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41068,  E.  14,  E.21,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5265. 

Twenty-seven  specimens   (Cat.  No.  E.  16,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  10  mm.  and 
13  mm.  in  the  majority  of  the  specimens;  the  arms  reach  70  mm.  in 
length  in  an  individual  in  which  the  disk  has  a  diameter  of  13  mm. 
In  the  smallest  the  diameter  reaches  only  8  mm.  and  the  length  of 
the  arms  varies  between  40  mm.  and  45  mm. 

The  disk  usually  has  a  pentagonal  outline,  though  sometimes  it  is 
rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  between  the  large  radial  shields  is 
covered  with  small  and  very  short  club  spines,  which  are  almost 
as  long  as  broad  and  to  which  might  well  be  given  the  name  of 
elongated  granules;  their  outer  surface  carries  a  number  of  closely 
crowded  spinules,  usually  short  and  single,  but  capable  of  elongating 
somewhat  (pi.  50,  figs.  6, 7 ;  pi.  98,  fig.  3  a) .  In  the  smallest  specimens 
the  club  spines  are  a  little  more  elongated,  and  the  spinules  are  a 
little  stouter  than  in  the  larger  ones,  but  these  club  spines  scarcely 
become  elongate  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  and  do  not  pass  over 
onto  the  ventral  surface,  which  is  naked.  The  radial  shields  are 
very  large,  triangular,  almost  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length 
equals  three-quarters  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of 
each  pair  are  in  contact  outwardly,  and  are  separated  throughout 
their  whole  length  by  a  narrow  interval.  In  the  small  specimens 
these  shields  are  relatively  less  developed.  As  a  ride  the  surface  of 
the  radial  shields  is  naked,  though  sometimes  a  few  club  spines  may 
be  found,  especially  toward  their  proximal  angle. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  almost 
entirely  naked  except  for  a  very  small  triangular  space  toward  the 
periphery  (pi.  51,  figs.  3,  4).  The  genital  slits  are  broad. 

The  rather  small  mouth  shields  are  lozenge-shaped,  a  little  broader 
than  long,  with  two  slightly  excavated  proximal  borders;  the  two 
distal  sides  have  a  somewhat  variable  form,  and  the  distal  angle  is 
produced  into  the  interradial  space  as  a  more  or  less  apparent  small 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     221 

rounded  lobe  (pi.  51,  figs.  3,  4).  In  the  specimen  shown  in  figure  3 
it  is  noticeable  that  two  of  the  mouth  shields  are  malformed;  one 
of  them  bears  the  madreporic  pore,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  it 
should  be  deformed;  but  its  shape  differs  from  that  which  I  notice 
on  the  specimen  represented  in  figure  4,  and  it  is  especially  devel- 
oped obliquely  toward  the  right  anterior  radius.  Furthermore  the 
two  adjacent  adoral  plates  are  smaller  than  the  others,  and  are 
widely  separated  from  the  median  interradial  line.  The  mouth 
shield  of  the  neighboring  interradius  also  shows  an  abnormal  out- 
line; it  is  larger  than  the  others,  and  its  outline  is  asymmetrical. 
The  adoral  plates,  which  are  rather  small,  are  triangular,  broadened 
outwardly,  and  terminate  in  a  rounded  angle ;  they  are  not  in  con- 
tact with  each  other  in  the  median  interradial  line.  The  oral  plates 
tire  high.  The  tooth  papillae  are  very  numerous,  and  within  the  two 
lateral  rows,  which  are  very  regular  in  arrangement,  there  may  be 
counted  four  and  sometimes  even  five  more  or  less  irregular  rows. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  flattened.  The  upper  arm  plates 
are  large,  lozenge-shaped,  very  much  broader  than  long,  with  the 
proximal  angle  truncated  and  the  distal  angle  rounded;  the  lateral 
angles  are  rather  sharp ;  they  are  all  in  contact.  The  distal  border 
of  these  plates  bears  a  variable  number  of  small  spinules  which  are 
short,  conical,  and  pointed.  Toward  the  base  of  the  arms  these 
spinules  generally  remain  localized  on  the  rounded  distal  angle  of 
the  dorsal  plates,  from  which  they  progressively  extend  over  the 
sides  of  these  plates. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  square,  with  the  angles  and 
the  sides  somewhat  rounded;  the  proximal  border  is  sometimes 
slightly  notched.  The  second  plate  is  elongated,  a  little  broader  at 
its  distal  extremity  than  proximally,  with  a  narrow  and  straight 
proximal  border  and  a  more  or  less  convex  distal  border,  which 
sometimes  resolves  itself  into  two  sides  passing  into  each  other  over 
an  obtuse  angle;  the  two  lateral  borders  are  divergent.  The  third 
plate  is  almost  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  rounded  distal  border  and 
slightly  divergent  sides.  Beyond  this  the  plates  become  markedly 
broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal  border  slightly  concave  and 
shorter  than  the  distal  border,  which  is  broadened  and  convex;  the 
lateral  angles  are  much  rounded.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  bear  very  much 
developed  spines,  of  which  the  number  may  reach  the  figure  eight 
on  the  first  segments ;  but  this  figure  falls  very  rapidly  to  six.  The 
length  of  these  spines  increases  very  rapidly  from  the  first  ventral 
spine  to  the  fourth ;  the  two  following  are  the  longest,  and  the  last 
dorsal  spine  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  preceding.  The  very  rapid 
increase  in  length  which  the  arm  spines  show  from  the  first  ventral 
upward,  the  second  spine  already  sometimes  attaining  the  length  of 


222  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  corresponding  under  arm  plate,  may  be  appreciated  from  the  dif- 
ferent photographs  which  I  include  (pi.  51,  figs.  1-4;  pi.  52,  figs.  1, 2). 
The  longest  lateral  spines  may  reach  and  even  exceed  a  length  of  five 
segments.  These  spines  are  cylindrical,  rather  slender,  with  the 
tip  rounded,  and  they  are  provided  throughout  their  whole  length 
with  rather  fine  and  closely  placed  denticulations. 

These  are  the  characters  of  the  spines  seen  on  individuals  which 
may  be  considered  as  typical,  as  those  of  which  I  include  photo- 
graphs on  plate  51,  as  figures  1,  2,  and  on  plate  52,  as  figure  1.  But 
in  a  certain  number  the  dorsal  spines  undergo  a  remarkable  trans- 
formation; they  shorten  and  thicken  considerably,  as  in  the  case  in 
the  individual  represented  on  plate  50  as  figures  2,  3.  This  modifi- 
cation takes  place  especially  on  the  last  dorsal  spine,  which  may 
become  almost  globular ;  the  one  before  the  last  is  also  shortened  and 
thickened,  though  in  a  much  less  marked  manner.  This  trans- 
formation of  the  dorsal  spines  appears  only  on  the  twelve  or  fifteen 
first  arm  segments;  beyond  that  the  dorsal  spines  preserve  their 
usual  character.  The  transformation  is  progressive,  beginning  on 
the  second  or  third  segment,  the  spines  being  at  first  slightly  thick- 
ened, the  thickening  becoming  rapidly  accentuated  and  the  spines 
retaining  the  same  characters  for  about  twelve  segments,  then  little 
by  little  reassuming  their  normal  size  and  length.  The  specimens 
which  show  this  modification  thus  greatly  resemble  O.  crassispina, 
which  I  have  just  discussed,  but  they  can  not  be  assigned  to  that 
species  for  the  reasons  which  I  shall  give  further  on. 

This  remarkable  thickening  of  the  dorsal  spines  does  not  show 
itself  by  any  means  on  all  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross. 
In  the  20  which  the  collection  contains,  14  have  normal  spines,  and 
only  four  have  the  dorsal  spines  modified  in  the  way  which  I  have 
just  described,  and  which  my  photographs  show.  On  two  others  a 
shortening  and  thickening  of  the  spines  may  be  also  observed,  but 
the  modification  is  very  much  less  marked.  It  is  rather  well  shown 
in  the  specimen  figured  on  plate  50,  figure  5,  but  it  only  appears  on 
three  arms,  while  the  fourth  is  normal,  and  the  fifth  is  lacking ;  in  the 
other  specimen,  which  is  shown  on  plate  51,  figure  1,  it  may  be  seen 
that  the  dorsal  spines  are  not  as  long  as  usual  at  the  base  of  the  arm, 
and  some  of  them  already  show  traces  of  a  slight  thickening. 

I  notice  that  in  the  regions  where  the  dorsal  spines  are  thickened 
the  corresponding  upper  arm  plates  are  also  slightly  modified ;  they 
are  a  little  less  broad  and  more  projecting  than  usual,  and  their  distal 
border  is  entirely  without  spinules. 

The  first  ventral  spine  does  not  transform  into  a  hook  until  some 
distance  from  the  disk;  this  hook  is  rather  slender,  but  elongated, 
and  shows  four  branches,  the  last  large  and  stout,  the  following 
smaller,  and  two  others  very  short  and  very  narrow  (pi.  98,  fig. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     223 

The  tentacle  scale  in  all  the  specimens  is  large  and  very  evident; 
it  is  rounded  or  slightly  oval  (p.  98,  fig.  3d). 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  gray  or  yellowish  gray. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiothrix  cumulata  naturally 
approaches  0.  crassispina  because  of  the  thickening  of  the  dorsal 
spines  observable  in  certain  specimens.  The  individuals  in"  which 
the  dorsal  spines  are  thickened  indeed  strongly  recall  O.  crassispina, 
the  more  so  since  also  in  this  latter  the  upper  arm  plates  at  the  base 
of  the  arms  are  without  spinules  on  their  distal  border,  these  spinules 
not  appearing  for  some  distance  beyond  the  disk;  the  armature  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  also  shows  a  very  strong  similarity  in 
the  two  species.  But  the  other  characters  are  very  different.  Only 
a  small  number  of  individuals  of  0.  cumulata  show  the  dorsal  spines 
thickened,  while  all  the  known  specimens  of  O.  crassispina  have  this 
character,  and  it  is  already  manifest  in  individuals  of  very  small  size. 
That  which  constitutes  an  anomaly  in  the  first  species  becomes  the 
rule  in  the  second.  In  0.  cumulata  the  arms  are  relatively  longer,  and 
the  dorsal  spines  are  longer,  more  slender,  and  more  finely  denticulate ; 
the  specimens  have  a  more  robust  appearance  and  may  reach  a  larger 
size.  In  O.  crassispina  the  individuals  do  not  seem  to  exceed  a  rather 
small  size,  and  in  the  largest  which  was  dredged  by  the  Siboga  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  9  mm.  To  appreciate  fully  the  differ- 
ences between  the  two  species,  it  is  well  to  compare  individuals  of 
the  same  size,  and  there  fortunately  exists  in  the  Albatross  collec- 
tion a  specimen  of  0.  cumulata  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
7  mm.  I  give  a  photograph  of  this  specimen  on  plate  51  as  figure  2. 
By  comparing  it  with  the  specimen  of  O.  crassispina  shown  on  plate 
49  as  figure  4,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  also  7  mm.,  it  is 
made  clear  that  the  two  can  not  be  referred  to  the  same  species, 
even  without  invoking  the  thickening  of  the  spines  which  occurs  only 
in  the  specimen  of  0.  crassispina.  The  form  of  the  upper  arm  plates 
is  entirely  different  in  the  two  species;  in  O.  crassispina  they  are 
less  broad  and  more  elongated,  their  surface  is  more  convex,  their 
lateral  angles  are  less  sharp  and  their  distal  border  is  convex.  The 
number  of  arm  spines  is  larger  in  the  first  species,  but  especially  the 
increase  in  their  length  takes  place  in  a  very  much  more  gradual 
manner.  The  comparison  of  the  two  photographs  which  I  give  here 
(pi.  52,  figs.  2,  5)  is  very  interesting  from  this  point  of  view;  it  may 
be  seen  that  in  0.  crassispina  the  three  first  spines  are  very  short, 
and  that  the  third  does  not  reach  even  the  length  of  the  correspond- 
ing under  arm  plate,  while  in  0.  cumulata  the  second  spine  is  very 
much  longer  than  the  first,  and  attains  the  length  of  that  plate. 
The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  spine  is  more  elongated  in  O. 
cumulata,  where  it  shows  typically  four  branches,  the  two  outer  well 
developed,  while  in  O.  crassispina  this  hook  has  only  three  branches, 


224  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  outermost  only  being  well  developed.  I  also  notice  that  the 
ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  in  part  covered  with  club  spines  identi- 
cal with  those  of  the  dorsal  surface  in  0.  crassispina,  while  in  O. 
cu77iulata  it  is  almost  entirely  naked ;  but  this  character  has  no  great 
value. 

I  may  add  that  the  coloration  of  these  two  species  may  be  quite 
different  in  the  living  animal,  at  least  judging  from  the  specimens  in 
alcohol ;  these  are  quite  white  in  O.  crassispina,  while  they  all  retain 
a  grayish-yellow  coloration  in  O.  cumulata. 

For  these  reasons  I  believe  it  necessary  to  separate  O.  cumulata 
from  0.  crassispina  and  to  consider  that  the  remarkable  transforma- 
tion that  the  dorsal  spines  in  certain  specimens  of  the  former  undergo 
is  fortuitous  and  does  not  constitute  a  specific  character. 

We  must  therefore  inquire  to  what  cause  may  be  due  the  thicken- 
ing of  these  spines.  The  first  idea  which  naturally  comes  to  mind 
is  that  this  thickening  is  induced  by  a  parasite,  especially  when  one 
recalls  the  modification  described  by  Mortensen  and  by  myself  which 
the  spines  of  certain  Antarctic  species  of  Clenocidaris  and  Rkyncho- 
cidaris  undergo  under  the  influence  of  a  parasite  called  by  Morten- 
sen  Ecliinopliyces  vmrabilis  (see  Mortensen  '10,  p.  12;  Mortensen 
and  Kolderup  Kosenvinge  '10,  p.  339;  Koehler  '12,  p.  154).  But  this 
is  not  the  case.  I  have  examined  under  the  microscope  a  number  of 
sections  made  of  the  thickened  spines  of  0.  cumulata  and  I  have 
not  been  able  to  observe  the  least  trace  of  a  parasite.  These  spines 
are  solid;  they  are  formed  of  a  perfectly  regular  calcareous  sub- 
stance composed  of  rods  radiataing  from  the  center  to  the  periphery, 
and  they  do  not  show  the  least  trace  of  foreign  bodies,  as  may  be  seen 
in  the  photograph  which  I  give  here  (pi.  50,  fig.  4). 

The  thickening  of  the  dorsal  spines  in  certain  specimens  of  0. 
cumulata  seems  to  be  rather  to  be  compared  with  that  known  in  cer- 
tain species  of  OpMocoma,  and  in  particular  in  O.  scolopendrina. 
In  this  species  some  specimens  have  the  last  dorsal  spine  very  short, 
thickened,  and  strongly  swollen,  while  in  others  this  spine  is  scarcely 
modified  in  its  form,  or  even  remains  quite  cylindrical  and  elongated. 
This  modification  of  the  dorsal  spine  in  0.  scolopendrina  and  in  other 
related  species9  is  quite  individual  and  has  no  specific  significance 
The  only  difference  to  be  remarked  is  that  the  thickening  of  the 
dorsal  spine  shows  itself  somewhat  irregularly  in  the  specimens  of 
OpMocoma  in  which  it  occurs,  while  in  0.  cumulata  when  the  modi- 
fication is  produced  it  involves  all  the  successive  dorsal  spines  of  the 
bases  of  the  arms,  which  all  show,  over  a  considerable  distance  and 
in  the  most  regular  manner,  the  same  transformation. 

8  I  shall  notice  further  on  the  similar  variations  in  the  two  dorsal  spines  of  OpMocoma 
lineolata. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     225 

Can  there  be  a  relation  between  age,  or  perhaps  even  between  the 
sex,  of  the  individuals  and  the  transformation  of  the  dorsal  spine? 
Are  all  the  individuals  destined  to  undergo  this  transformation  or 
does  it  only  take  place  accidentally  and  then  under  the  influence  of 
certain  conditions  ?  These  are  questions  which  I  can  not  answer. 

OPHIOTHRIX  DECEPTOR,  new  species. 

Plate  58,  figs.  1,  2 ;  plate  97,  fig.  6. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5414;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis 
Point  Light  bearing  N.  67°  W.,  17.60  kilometers  (9.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  10'  40"  N.,  long.  124°  02'  45"  E.) ;  no  depth  given;  March 
24,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.13,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. ;  the  arms  are  thin 
and  slender,  from  30  mm.  to  32  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  subpentagonal,  with  the  sides  slightly  excavated.  The 
dorsal  surface  between  the  very  large  radial  shields  is  covered  with 
very  small  unequal  plates  rounded  in  the  central  region  and  becom- 
ing elongated  and  extremely  narrow  in  the  interradial  spaces;  the 
outlines  of  these  plates  are  not  very  evident,  for  they  are  covered 
by  a  thin  integument.  A  certain  number  bear  a  rather  large,  pro- 
jecting granule,  which  is  somewhat  conical,  with  the  extremity 
rounded.  At  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  outside  the  radial  shields 
and  in  the  interradial  spaces,  the  plates  become  very  thin  and  trans- 
parent, short  and  transversely  broadened,  and  they  form  a  continu- 
ous covering  on  which  may  be  perceived  here  and  there  a  very  small 
conical  and  pointed  granule  which  is  very  much  smaller  than  those 
of  the  rest  of  the  dorsal  surface.  The  radial  shields  are  very  large 
and  they  cover  a  large  part  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  the 
radial  and  interradial  spaces  are  very  narrow.  The  two  shields  of 
each  pair  are  in  contact  by  their  external  angle,  thence  separating 
slightly,  especially  because  of  the  slightly  concave  form  of  their 
internal  border ;  the  outer  angle  of  each  shield  is  separated  from  the 
corresponding  angle  of  the  shield  of  the  neighboring  pair  by  a  very 
narrow  interval ;  from  that  point  onward  the  interradial  spaces  pro- 
gressively increase  somewhat.  The  shields  themselves  are  triangu- 
lar, with  a  pointed  proximal  angle  and  a  concave  distal  border ;  they 
are  longer  than  broad,  and  their  length  reaches  or  exceeds  two-thirds 
of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  Their  surface  is  entirely  naked. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  extremely  small, 
thin,  transparent,  slightly  imbricated,  and  very  narrow  plates.  The 
genital  slits  are  broad  and  very  evident. 

The  mouth  shields  are  short  and  much  broadened,  almost  three 
times  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle  projecting 
55269— 22— Bnl.  100 15 


226  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

somewhat  between  the  adoral  plates ;  this  angle  is  bounded  by  slightly 
excavated  sides ;  the  lateral  angles  are  rounded,  and  the  distal  border 
is  slightly  convex.  The  adoral  plates  are  elongated  and  rather  nar- 
row, a  little  tapering  inwardly,  and  they  terminate  in  rounded  angles 
which  are  not  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line ;  these  plates 
are  broadened  outwardly,  and  they  send  off  a  very  narrow  process 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The 
oral  plates  are  high  and  rather  broad.  The  tooth  papillae  at  first 
form  two  regular  lateral  rows,  within  which  the  other  papillae  form 
sometimes  one,  and  sometimes  two,  very  irregular  rows. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  lozenge-shaped,  longer  than  broad,  with 
the  proximal  angle  truncated ;  the  two  proximal  borders  are  markedly 
longer  than  the  two  distal  borders,  and  the  maximum  width  of  the 
plate  is  nearer  the  distal  angle,  which  is  obtuse.  All  these  plates  are 
in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  pentagonal,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides ;  the 
lateral  borders  are  convergent  and  straight,  and  the  distal  side  is  also 
almost  straight.  The  following  plates  are  very  large  and  elongatedr 
longer  than  broad,  with  a  straight  proximal  border,  a  very  broad 
and  convex  distal  border,  and  divergent  sides  excavated  by  the  ten- 
tacle pores.  These  plates  are  separated  by  a  narrow  interval  occu- 
pied by  soft  tissue. 

The  rather  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  at  the  base 
of  the  arms  five  slender  transparent  and  pointed  spines.  The  first 
ventral  spine  is  very  short  and  is  almost  immediately  transformed 
into  a  hook;  beyond  the  disk  the  length  of  the  following  spines  in- 
creases rapidly  from  the  second,  which  is  shorter  than  the  segment, 
to  the  last,  the  length  of  which  reaches  four  segments.  These  spines 
are  smooth  in  their  proximal  portion,  and  in  their  distal  half  are 
furnished  with  very  strong  and  sharp  well  spaced  teeth. 

There  is  a  small,  rather  thin,  pointed  and  spiniform  tentacle  scale 
(pi.  97,  fig.  6tf),  but  it  appears  to  be  absent  on  the  three  first  arm 
segments ;  this  scale  can  never  be  mistaken  for  the  first  ventral  spine, 
which  is  very  rapidly  converted  into  a  three  branched  hook  (fig.  6a), 

The  general  color  is  pinkish  gray.  A  large  brownish-purple  spot 
appears  toward  the  distal  angle  of  the  upper  arm  plates,  but  there 
is  no  continuous  median  line.  The  ventral  surface  is  pink ;  a  some- 
what darker  median  line  interrupted  toward  the  distal  border  of  each 
ventral  plate  runs  all  along  the  arms.  The  spines  are  pink  and  some- 
times show  slight  purple  annulations. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — OpJiiothrlx  deceptor  is  espe- 
cially close  to  O.  lepida  Loriol,  0.  fallow  Loriol,  and  0.  pur  pur  ea 
Martens.  It  is  immediately  distinguished  from  0.  lepida  by  the 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     227 

size  and  width  of  the  radial  shields,  as  well  as  by  the  form  of  the 
upper  arm  plates  in  which  the  broadest  part  is  close  to  the  distal 
border,  and  by  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  which  is  entirely  without 
spines  and  only  shows  small  granules.  The  coloration  is  also  different. 
In  the  development  of  the  radial  shields  0.  deceptor  recalls  more  espe- 
cially 0.  fallax,  but  it  is  distinguished  from  that  species  by  having 
the  under  arm  plates  longer  and  the  radial  and  interradial  spaces  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  more  reduced,  by  the  absence  of  spines 
on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  by  having  the  ventral  surface  of  the 
disk  furnished  with  very  small,  though  evident,  plates,  and  by  the 
form  of  the  upper  arm  plates  of  which  the  maximum  width  is  close 
to  the  distal  border,  while  according  to  de  Loriol's  figures  this  maxi- 
mum occurs  towards  the  middle  of  the  plate  in  0.  fallax.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished from  0.  purpurea,  which  has,  like  itself,  large  radial 
shields,  by  the  very  different  coloration,  by  the  absence  of  spines  on 
the  disk,  and  by  having  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates  longer  than 
broad. 

OPHIOTHRIX  ELEGANS  Liitken. 

Plate  56,  figs.  1-3. 
See  for  bibliography : 
Ophiothrix  elegans  KOEHLEE  ('04a),  p.  110,  fig. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  271. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5179;  Komblon  Light  bearing  S.  56° 
E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  122° 
12'  30"  E.) ;  67  meters  (37  fathoms) ;  March  25,  1908,  hrd.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41014,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  have  thought  it  best  to  refer  to  Ophiothrix  elegans  a 
specimen  of  small  size  of  which  the  color  pattern  forcibly  recalls 
Liitken's  description.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm.,  and  the 
arms  are  scarcely  20  mm.  long.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  uni- 
formly covered  with  small  club  spines  ending  in  three  or  four  fine, 
divergent,  subequal,  and  rather  elongated  spinules.  These  club  spines 
occur  also  on  the  radial  shields,  but  they  are  there  less  closely 
crowded.  They  elongate  somewhat  toward  the  borders  of  the  disk, 
and  become  longer  on  the  ventral  surface,  which  they  cover  in  large 
part;  they  are  always  terminated  by  three  or  four  elongated  spinules. 
The  outlines  of  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates,  as  well  as  those  of 
the  mouth  plates,  the  arm  spines,  etc.,  show  well  all  the  characters 
which  I  described  in  O.  elegans  in  1904  from  the  type  specimen  in 
the  Copenhagen  Museum  ('04a,  p.  110).  I  may  notice  only  that  the 
distal  border  of  the  under  arm  plates  is  a  little  more  rounded. 

The  general  color  is  pinkish  gray  on  the  dorsal  surface.  A  dark- 
brownish  purple  band  runs  all  along  the  median  line  of  the  arms 
and  extends  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  center  of  the  disk.  This 


228  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

band  is  much  broadened,  and  its  borders  are  indefinite ;  they  are  not 
quite  so  clearly  defined  as  in  the  type  specimen. 

This  specimen  differs  from  the  type  of  O.  elegans  by  a  slight  dis- 
similarity in  the  armature  of  the  disk,  which  consist  exclusively  of 
club  spines ;  these  become  stouter  on  the  ventral  surface,  and  in  the 
broadening  of  the  dark  band  which  runs  along  the  middle  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  arms. 

Liitken's  type  came  from  the  China  Sea. 

OPHIOTHRIX  EXIGUA  Lyman. 

Plate  40,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  98,  fig.  4. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  exigua  KCEHLEK  ('05),  p.  86,  pi.  9,  figs.  15,  16;  ('05b),  p.  458; 
('07),  p.  332.— MclNTOSH  ('11),  p.  164.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15)  p.  272;  ('15a)t 
p.  90. 

Localities. — Albatross  station,  5160;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Tinakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  72°  W.,  5.10  kilo- 
meters (2.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  12'  40"  N.,  long.  119°  55'  10"  E.) ; 
22  meters  (12  fathoms)  ;  February  22,  1908 ;  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41300,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5181;  off  eastern  Panay;  Antonio  Island  (S.) 
bearing  S.  63°  W.,  12.23  kilometers  (6.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  36' 
40"  N.,  long.  123°  26'  35"  E.) ;  47  meters  (26  fathoms) ;  March  27, 
1908;M.,fne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41298,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5401 ;  north  of  Cebu ;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  79°  W.,  42.62  kilometers  (23  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  24' 
45"  N.,  long.  124°  06'  00"  E.) ;  55  meters  (30  fathoms) ;  March  16, 
1909  ;fne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41299,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines,  without  further  locality. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41297,  U.SJOl). 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  well  characterized.  The  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  shows  only  slender  club  spines  terminated  by  elongated 
spinules. 

In  previous  memoirs  I  have  already  discussed  the  characters  of 
0.  exigua.  As  this  species  has  often  been  confused  with  other  species 
of  Ophiothrix,  notably  by  Marktanner  and  by  de  Loriol,  who  have 
not  distinguished  it  from  O.  comata,  it  has  seemed  to  me  worth  while 
to  include  here  some  photographs  of  the  Albatross  specimen.  The 
under  arm  plates  always  have  their  distal  border  more  or  less 
strongly  notched,  and  it  is  noticeable  that  this  notching  is  particu- 
larly deep  in  the  specimen  from  station  5160,  shown  in  figure  4. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEKS.      229 

On  plate  97,  as  figure  4, 1  give  some  photographs  of  the  trifid  club 
spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  (a) ,  of  the  hook  which  the 
first  under  arm  spine  very  rapidly  forms  and  which  has  three  or 
four  branches  (&),  of  the  second  and  third  arm  spines  (<?),  and  of 
the  small  tentacle  scale  which  has  a  very  long  point  (d) . 

Opkiothrix  exigua  appears  to  be  very  widespread  throughout  the 
whole  Indo-Pacific  region;  it  is  known  to  occur  in  the  Ked  Sea,  in 
the  Philippines,  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  and  at  numerous  sta- 
tions in  the  Sunda  Islands,  where  the  Siboga  found  it  between  0  and 
36  meters  (0  to  20  fathoms).  It  is  always  littoral. 

OPHIOTHRIX  EXPEDITA  Kcehler. 

Plate  31,  fig.  6 ;  plate  33,  fig.  5 ;  plate  98,  fig.  5, 

Ophiothrix  expedita,  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  96,  pi.  9,  figs.  10-14;  pi.  15,  fig.  5; 
('10),  p.  294.— H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  272. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilo- 
meters (8.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ; 
38  meters  (21  fathoms) ;  February  16, 1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41390,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5149;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Siasi; 
Sirun  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  4.45  kilometers  (2.4  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  5°  33'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  42'  10"  E.) ;  18  meters  (10  fath- 
oms) ;  February  18,  1908;  Co.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41388,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5165 ;  Sulu  Archipelago ;  Tawi  Tawi  Group ;  Ob- 
servation Island  bearing  N.  70°  W.,  11.86  kilometers  (6.4  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  4°  58'  20"  N.,  long.  119°  50'  30"  E.) ;  16  meters  (9  fath- 
oms) ;  February  24,  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41389,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.— The,  three  specimens  agree  perfectly  in  morphological  char- 
acters, as  well  as  in  coloration,  with  the  type  which  I  described  from 
the  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga  at  different  stations  in  the 
Sunda  Archipelago.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5149,  which  is 
the  largest,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  19P  mm. ;  the  two  others 
are  smaller. 

The  photographs  which  I  give  here  will  complete  the  notes  which 
I  have  already  given  on  0.  expedita.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  hook 
formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  (pi.  98,  fig.  5d)  by  the  rather 
numerous  points  along  its  concave  border  strongly  recalls  the  form 
which  I  have  described  in  O.  aspidota  and  in  O.  coronata,  and  which 
we  find  again  in  0.  longipeda  and  in  O.  pwncto-limbata. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  bears  club  spines  mixed  with  true 
spines,  which  are  sometimes  very  long  and  which  are  more  or  less 


230  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

numerous,  according  to  the  individual.  The  club  spines  properly  so 
called  maintain  a  rather  regular  length  of  from  0.25  mm.  to  0.30  mm. 
in  the  large  specimens;  they  are  conical  and  usually  bear  three  sub- 
equal  points.  The  longest  club  spines  may  attain  and  even  surpass 
1  mm.  in  length/  Others  are  shorter.  All  transitional  forms  may  be 
observed  (pi.  98,  figs.  5a  and  b).  The  oval  tentacle  scale  shows  on  itsr 
free  border  a  few  short,  conical,  and  pointed  spines  (fig.  6e) . 

OPHIOTHRIX  EXPEDITA,  var.  RHABDOTA  (H.  L.  Clark). 

Plate  31,  fig.  5. 
Ophiothrix  rhabdota  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  278,  pi.  13,  fig.  4. 

Locality. — Marrougas ;  shore ;  from  a  coral  head. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E  340,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  363,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — One  of  the  specimens  is  in  a  very  fine  state  of  preservation, 
and  the  arms  are  almost  all  complete ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  13 
mm.,  and  the  arms  are  from  250  mm.  to  300  mm.  long.  The  other 
specimen,  which  is  a  little  smaller,  is  in  rather  poor  condition;  the 
disk  is  deformed,  and  its  dorsal  surface  is  strongly  wrinkled;  the 
arms  are  broken  off  at  a  rather  short  distance  from  their  base. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  small,  short,  slender, 
and  pointed  spines,  showing  a  certain  number  of  conical  and  rather 
strong  teeth.  In  the  midst  of  these  spines  are  found  small  club  spines 
terminated  by  a  few  unequal  and  rather  strong  spinules;  all  inter- 
mediate forms  between  the  true  spines  and  the  club  spines  occur,  ex- 
actly as  in  the  type.  The  club  spines  persist  on  the  radial  shields, 
and,  as  they  are  not  very  closely  crowded,  the  outlines  of  these  shields 
are  easily  visible.  On  the  largest  specimen  they  are  rather  large  and 
triangular;  the  internal  border  is  slightly  concave,  the  external  bor- 
der is  rather  strongly  concave,  while  the  third,  or  interradial,  edge  is 
almost  straight ;  this  last  is  markedly  longer  than  the  distal  border ; 
because  of  this  the  interradial  angle  is  very  close  to  the  periphery  of 
the  disk  and  lies  almost  at  a  level  of  one-third  of  the  length  of  the 
shields.  In  the  other  specimen  the  radial  shields  appear  a  little  more 
elongated,  but  the  disk  is  deformed  in  such  a  way  that  the  exact  shape 
of  these  shields  can  be  ascertained  only  with  difficulty.  The  photo- 
graph of  the  dorsal  surface  of  0.  rhabdota  published  by  H.  L.  Clark 
('15,  pi.  13,  fig.  4)  shows  clearly  enough  the  outlines  of  the  radial 
shields,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  the  form  of  these  shields  is  close  to 
that  which  I  describe,  but  the  distal  and  interradial  angle  is  a  little 
nearer  the  middle  of  the  shield,  without,  however,  being  exactly  at 
the  middle. 

I  have  described  carefully  the  form  of  the  radial  shields  in  O. 
rhabdota  because  I  hoped  that  they  would  furnish  characters  which 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEKS.     231 

-would  permit  of  distinguishing  it  from  0.  expedita.  Generally 
speaking,  the  radial  shields  of  this  last  named  species  are  relatively 
.somewhat  more  elongated ;  they  occur  in  the  form  of  a  very  flattened 
isosceles  triangle  of  which  the  base  is  turned  from  the  radial  side  and 
of  which  the  very  rounded  apex  is  situated  almost  in  the  middle  of 
its  length.  This  apex  is  thus  a  little  further  from  the  periphery  of 
the  disk  than  in  0.  rliabdota,  but  I  do  not  believe  that  this  character, 
which  is  not  very  reliable,  can  be  utilized  to  separate  these  two  species 
of  Ophiothrix. 

In  the  largest  of  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  the  gen- 
eral coloration  is  bluish  gray.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  a 
rather  dark  gray,  and  the  radial  shields  are  lighter  with  a  bluish 
tinge.  The  arms  show,  on  the  dorsal  surface,  three  longitudinal  light 
lines,  which,  in  the  alcoholic  specimen,  are  white  and  stand  out  clearly 
from  the  blue  background.  The  white  bands  are  not  absolutely  con- 
tinuous, and  they  are  interrupted  at  the  line  of  separation  of  the  suc- 
cessive upper  arm  plates;  the  median  band  is  a  little  broader  than 
the  others.  On  the  other  specimen  the  three  lines  are  narrower,  while 
the  two  blue  bands  which  border  the  median  white  band  on  either 
side  are  more  marked  and  broader,  and  their  outlines  are  a  little 
clearer.  Beside  these  very  constant  lines,  there  are  on  both  speci- 
mens indications  of  rings  alternately  a  little  lighter  and  a  little 
darker.  A  white  band  runs  all  along  the  ventral  median  line  of  the 
arms  and  is  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  blue  line  beyond  which  is 
found  on  each  segment  an  elongated  white  spot.  On  the  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  arms  also  traces  of  rings  are  to  be  seen,  and  in  the  large 
specimen  these  annulations  are  alternately  blue  and  reddish,  the  blue 
portions  being  slightly  washed  with  white ;  furthermore,  in  this  same 
individual,  the  arm  spines  are  slightly  washed  with  red  at  the  base, 
and  this  red  coloration  shows  itself  especially  in  the  distal  half  of 
the  arms.  On  the  smaller  individual  the  white  and  blue  lines  of  the 
ventral  surface  of  the  arms  are  better  marked  than  in  the  other,  the 
blue  color  being  somewhat  more  intense,  but  it  is  not  mixed  with  red 
and  the  annulations  are  alternately  blue  and  white. 

H.  L.  Clark  does  not  seem  to  have  proposed  0.  rhabdota  without  a 
certain  amount  of  hesitation,  and  according  to  him  this  species  is  only 
distinguished  from  various  forms  of  the  0.  longipeda  group  by  its 
coloration  and  especially  by  the  three  light  lines  which  run  along  the 
whole  length  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms.  These  lines,  which 
are  white  in  alcoholic  specimens,  are  yellowish  in  the  living  animal. 
The  general  coloration  of  the  specimens  is  not  indicated  by  Clark  in 
his  description,  but  he  informs  me  by  letter  that  that  color  was  blue. 
The  color  scheme  which  I  find  in  my  specimen  is  thus  very  similar  to 
that  of  the  specimen  studied  by  H.  L.  Clark. 


232  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Among  the  species  of  Ophiothrix  of  the  O.  longipeda  group  a 
single  one  shows  three  light  lines  extending  longitudinally  over  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  arms.  This  is  O.  expedita  which  I  described 
from  specimens  discovered  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago ? 
and  which  has  since  been  rediscovered  at  the  Aru  Islands ;  this  species 
occurs  also  in  the  Albatross  collection,  as  I  have  noted  above. 

Apart  from  the  general  coloration,  which  differs  in  0.  expedita  and 
0.  rhabdota,  the  ornamentation  of  the  arms  is  the  same  in  the  two 
species ;  I  am  convinced  that  if  the  specimens  studied  by  H.  L.  Clark 
had  been  red  instead  of  blue  he  would  not  have  hesitated  to  apply  to 
them  the  name  of  0.  expedita.  Can  a  difference  be  found  to  separate 
these  two  forms  other  than  that  shown  by  the  coloration?  I  must 
state  first  of  all  that  O.  expedita  shows  in  all  its  morphological  char- 
acters, as  well  as  in  its  coloration,  a  remarkable  constancy.  The  in- 
dividuals collected  by  the  Siboga  at  10  different  stations  in  the  Sunda 
Archipelago  at  depths  varying  between  13  and  73  meters,  those  which 
I  have  recorded  from  the  Aru  Islands,  and  those  collected  by  the 
Albatross  are  quite  identical  and  do  not  show  the  least  trace  of  varia- 
tion; it  may  be  noted,  furthermore,  that  the  general  red  coloration 
is  sometimes  rather  bright,  and  sometimes  darker  and  verging  toward 
brown ;  this  may  depend  on  the  preservation,  and  also  on  the  age  of 
the  individuals.  I  note  also  that  the  two  dark  lines  which  extend  on 
either  side  of  the  median  longitudinal  white  line  of  the  arms  are 
sometimes  perfectly  continuous,  and  sometimes  interrupted,  and  that 
their  borders  are  sometimes  straight  and  sometimes  slightly  sinuous ; 
these  details  are  of  no  importance.  I  have  compared  with  the  great- 
est care  the  different  specimens  of  O.  expedita  which  I  possess  with 
two  specimens  of  O.  rhabdota  collected  by  the  Albatross,  and  I  must 
say  that,  apart  from  the  coloration,  it  has  been  impossible  for  me  to 
recognize  between  them  the  slightest  difference  in  structure.  The  blue 
coloration  of  0.  rhabdota  does  not  appear  to  be  absolutely  constant; 
of  the  two  specimens  at  hand,  one  shows  a  rather  dark-blue  general 
coloration,  mixed  only  with  white,  while  in  the  other  this  blue  colora- 
tion, which  is  a  little  paler,  is  grayish  and  mixed  with  red,  the  color  of 
typical  0.  expedita.  Under  these  conditions  I  would  be  rather  in- 
clined to  consider  H.  L.  Clark's  0.  rhabdota  as  a  blue  variety  of  V. 
expedita. 

The  conspicuously  red  coloration  of  O.  expedita  sharply  separates 
typical  examples  from  related  forms  of  the  O.  longipeda  group, 
especially  from  0.  longipeda  (Lamarck)  and  from  O.  puncto-limbata 
Martens,  but  as  there  occurs  in  0.  expedita  a  blue  or  gray  blue  variety 
which  corresponds  to  the  form  rhabdota  it  is  worth  while  to  recon- 
sider the  distinctive  characters  of  these  two  species  and  of  0.  expe- 
dita. This  last  is  evidently  very  close  to  0.  longipeda,  which  it  re- 
calls in  the  arrangement  and  the  characters  of  the  arm  spines,  a& 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      23& 

well  as  by  the  upper  arm  plates  showing  very  sharp  lateral  angles, 
but  the  covering  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  between  the  radial 
shields  consists  of  a  mixture  of  rather  well-developed  and  strongly 
echinulated  true  spines  and  club  spines;  furthermore,  the  radial 
shields  are  more  elongated,  and  the  upper  arm  plates  are  of  different 
shape,  for  they  are  relatively  longer  and  less  broad,  and  their  distal 
border  is  more  rounded  in  O.  expedita.  These  differences  may  be 
appreciated  on  the  photographs  which  I  give  here  of  0.  expedita 
(pi.  31,  fig.  6,  and  pi.  33,  fig.  5)  and  of  0.  lon-gipeda  (pi.  31,  figs.  3,  4, 
and  pi.  33,  figs.  9,  10),  and  they  are  entirely  independent  of  the 
characters  taken  from  the  coloration. 

As  for  0.  puncto-limbata^  in  which  the  form  of  the  radial  shields 
recalls  that  which  is  found  in  O.  expedita,  the  dimensions  of  the 
specimens  are  always  rather  small,  and  they  never  attain  the  size 
which  we  know  in  O.  expedita  or  in  its  variety  0.  rliabdota.  The 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  bears  club  spines  only,  which  are  some- 
times a  little  elongated,  but  there  are  no  true  spines  as  in  0.  expedita; 
the  arm  spines  are  much  weaker,  shorter,  and  less  strongly  echinu- 
lated, and  the  lateral  angles  of  the  upper  arm  plates  are  less  sharp. 
The  general  color  of  0.  puncto-limbata  is  a  somewhat  light  violet,  or 
rather  light  blue,  and  the  surface  of  the  arms  never  shows  light  and 
dark  longitudinal  lines.  Furthermore,  in  0.  puncto-limbata  I  have 
never  observed  spines  properly  so  called  among  the  club  spines  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  such  as  are  seen  in  0.  expedita. 

OPHIOTHRIX  GALATHEAE  Liitken. 

Plate  33,  fig.  11 ;  plate  34,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  99,  fig.  1. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  gaUtheae  KOSHLER   ('05),  p.  84;    ('05b),  p.  458;    ('07),  p.  333; 
('10),  p.  294;    ('15),  p.  272, 

Localities. — Dumurug  Point,  Masbate ;  April  19, 1908. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  306,  U.S.N.M.). 
Maricaban  Island,  Balayan  Bay,  Luzon. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  307,  U.S.N.M.). 
Makasser  Island ;  tide  pools. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  364,  U.S.N.M.). 
Nasugbu  Reef. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  339,  U.S.N.M.). 
Port  Palapag;  June  3.  1909. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  305,  U.S.N.M.). 
Philippines. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  337,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — On  plate  34,  figures  1,  2,  I  show  two   specimens   from 
Dumurug  Point  in  which  the  radial  shields  bear  a  few  scattered 


234  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

granules,  which  are  especially  evident  on  the  specimen  represented  in 
figure  1. 

I  also  give  photographs  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  two  specimens  of 
Ophiothrix  galatheae  which  are  in  my  collection,  both  of  which  come 
from  Billiton;  in  one  of  these  (pi.  34,  fig.  3)  the  radial  shields  have 
the  usual  dimensions,  and  are  absolutely  naked,  showing  only  small 
blue  dots;  in  the  other  (fig.  4)  these  shields  are  remarkable  for  their 
large  size;  their  surface  is  also  entirely  naked,  and  the  two  shields 
of  each  pair  are  very  close  together  with  the  internal  borders 
straight.  The  granules  which  cover  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk 
in  the  interradial  spaces  instead  of  being  short  and  conical  with 
three  or  four  short  and  blunt  points  as  usual  (pi.  99,  fig.  la) ,  are  here 
peculiarly  elongated  forming  true  spines  with  rather  elongated 
points  (fig.  Ib). 

On  the  same  plate  I  also  show  a  number  of  arm  spines  as  well  as 
the  tentacle  scale.  On  the  first  arm  segments  the  first  ventral  spine 
(A),  which  is  thick  and  strong,  shows  a  few  asperities  which  may 
end  in  sharp  points;  it  is  only  at  some  distance  from  the  disk  that 
these  points  develop  further,  while  the  dimensions  of  the  spine  be- 
come somewhat  reduced  (g) ;  when  the  transformation  into  a  hook 
is  complete  (/)  this  first  spine  is  also  greatly  reduced  in  size,  and 
usually  shows  four  elongated  and  rather  well-spaced  points;  the 
terminal  point,  which  forms  the  extremity  of  the  hook,  is  a  little 
stouter  than  the  three  others,  which  remain  subequal.  This  form 
of  hook  is  different  from  that  seen  in  0.  longipeda,  0.  hirsuta,  and 
O.  puncto-limbata.  The  tentacle  scale  is  large  and  rounded,  and  it 
bears  on  its  free  border  a  few  conical  and  subequal  points  (i) . 

Ophiothrix  galatheae  has  been  found  in  numerous  localities  in  the 
Indo-Pacific  region. 

OPHIOTHRIX  HIRSUTA  Muller  and  Troschel. 

Plate  31,  figs.  1,  2 ;  plate  33,  fig.  13 ;  plate  99,  fig.  2. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  hirsuta  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  93;  ('07),  p.  333;  ('07b),  p.  252.— MAC- 
INTOSH ('11),  p.  93.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  272.— MATSUMOTO  ('17), 
p.  225. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5174;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  E.,  4.82  kilometers  (2.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  45" 
N.,  long.  120°  57'  00"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  March  5,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  E.  338,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  general  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  gray ;  the 
radial  shields  are  lighter,  with  small  blue  spots;  a  series  of  small 
blue  spots  runs  along  the  distal  border  of  each  upper  arm  plate. 
The  radial  shields  show  only  small  and  closely  crowded  granules 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEES.     235 

which  leave  naked  a  considerable  part  of  their  surface.  The  upper 
,mrm  plates  have  the  typical  form  (pi.  31,  fig.  2,  and  pi.  33,  fig.  13). 

I  show  here  another  specimen  of  Ophiothrix  hirsuta  from  my  own 
collection  which  comes  from  the  Red  Sea  in  which  the  radial  shields 
are  very  much  more  extensively  covered  than  in  the  Albatross  in- 
dividual (pi.  31,  fig.  1). 

The  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  usually  thick 
and  stout  (pi.  99,  fig.  2#)  and  conical  in  form,  and  they  terminate 
in  thick  points  the  number  of  which  varies  from  four  to  six.  At 
some  distance  from  the  disk  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  transforms 
into  a  hook  with  three  or  four  branches  of  the  form  which  is  most 
commonly  seen  in  the  genus  Ophiothrix  (fig.  2Z>),  that  is  to  say, 
with  the  terminal  point  very  stout,  the  second  much  weaker,  and 
the  third  or  the  two  following  still  weaker.  This  form  is  different 
from  that  which  I  have  shown  in  0.  galatheae  and  from  that 
which  we  find  in  0.  longipeda  and  0.  puncto-limbata.  I  show  (c) 
the  forms  taken  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  before  its  complete 
transformation  into  a  hook.  The  rounded  or  oval  tentacle  scale  ends 
in  a  point,  sometimes  single,  sometimes  accompanied  by  one  or  two 
others  very  much  smaller  (d). 

Ophiothrix  hirsuta  is  very  widely  spread  throughout  the  whole 
Indo-Pacific  region. 

OPHIOTHRIX  LONGIPEDA  (Lamarck). 

Plate  31,  figs.  3,  4;  plate  33,  figs.  9,  10;  plate  100,  fig.  2. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  longipeda  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  92;  ('07),  p.  334;  ('07b),  p. 
252.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('08),  p.  298.— KCEHLER  ('10),  p.  294.— H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  274;  ('15a),  p.  90.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  227. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5179;  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Eomblon 
light  bearing  S.  56°  E.,  8.36  kilometers  (4.50  miles)  distant  (lat. 
12°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms)  ; 
March  25,  1908 ;  hrd.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  334,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5249;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Lanang  Point  bearing  N. 
1.85  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  06'  06"  N.,  long.  125°  40' 
08"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  May  18, 1908 ;  Co.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  336,  E.  365,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5401 ;  north  of  Cebu ;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  79°  W.,  42.62  kilometers  (23  miles)  distant  (lat.  11° 
24'  45"  N.,  long.  124°  06'  00"  E.) ;  54  meters  (30  fathoms) ;  March 
16,  1909;  fne.  S. 

One  arm  (Cat.  No.  41072,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5524;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  34°  W.,  31.50  kilometers  (17  miles)  distant 


236  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

(lat.   8°    58'   07"   N.,   long.    123°    32'   45"   E.)  ;    658  meters    (360 
fathoms) ;  August  10,  1909 ;  S. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5558;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian  Point 
bearing  S.,  2.04  kilometers  (1.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  51'  33"  N., 
long.  121°  00'  58"  E.) ;  27  meters  (15  fathoms)  ;  September  18, 
1909;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41073,  U.S.N.M.). 

Tobea  Island ;  December  15,  1909. 

One  detached  arm  (Cat.  No.  41071,  U.S.N.M.). 

Davao  Bay;  from  pearl  oysters. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  335,  U.S.N.M.). 

Samoa  (Sir  Charles  N.  E.  Elliot). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  336,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  the  specimen  from  station  5558  (pi.  31,  fig.  4)  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  gray,  with  small  blue  spots  on  the  radial 
shields.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  blue,  somewhat  spotted 
with  lighter  and  darker.  A  white  band  runs  along  the  dorsal  median 
line  of  the  arms.  The  spines  are  light  gray ;  the  central  surface  of 
the  arms  is  white,  with,  on  the  sides,  blue  spots  which  are  more  or 
less  close  together  and  very  unequal  in  size. 

The  specimen  from  station  5179  has  the  dorsal  surface  very  dark 
gray  blue,  and  a  white  line  runs  along  the  whole  length  of  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  arms. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5249  the  general  color  is  dark  gray ; 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  of  a  more  or  less  marked  blue,  but 
perfectly  uniform ;  the  arm  spines  are  gray  blue.  The  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  is  uniformly  covered  with  small  granules. 

In  the  specimen  from  Davao  Bay  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  15 
mm. ;  the  general  coloration  is  gray  blue ;  a  longitudinal  line  extends 
along  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms,  but  is  only 
faintly  marked ;  the  arms  are  ringed  with  lighter  and  darker. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5524,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  only  7  mm.,  the  general  color  is  uniform  grayish  blue. 

To  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  in  the  Philippines 
was  added  a  large  specimen  from  Samoa  collected  by  Sir  Charles 
N.  E.  Elliot.  I  show  here  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  one  of 
its  arms  (pi.  33,  fig.  10). 

The  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  ordinarily 
rather  narrow,  three  or  even  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  cylin- 
drical rather  than  conical;  they  terminate  in  a  few,  usually  three, 
points,  which  are  equal  and  regularly  arranged,  but  it  is  not  rare  to 
meet  with  four  or  even  five  more  or  less  unequal  points  (pi.  100,  fig.  2a) . 
The  first  ventral  spine  is  transformed  into  a  hook  at  some  distance 
from  the  disk,  and  the  hooks  once  definitely  formed  are  rather 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      237 

small ;  they  show  on  their  concave  border  behind  the  terminal  point 
a  series  of  from  six  to  eight  very  elongated  points,  which  are  narrow 
and  arranged  parallel  to  each  other.  The  terminal  point  is  not  ap- 
preciably larger  than  the  others,  and  is  even  sometimes  smaller  than 
the  second  (fig.  2d) .  On  the  convex  border  and  toward  the  tip  are 
a  few  unequal  and  irregular  asperities.  This  form  of  hook  recalls 
that  which  I  have  described  in  0.  expedita,  and  which  we  find  again  in 
O.  propinqua  and  O .  puncto-limbttta;  it  is  very  different  from  that 
which  we  know  in  the  majority  of  the  species  of  Ophiothrix,  and 
which  occurs  in  O.  hirsuta.  It  is  to  be  noticed  also  that  the  difference 
between  this  hook  and  the  second  ventral  spines  is  not  very  great 
In  figure  2<?  I  show  the  first  ventral  spine  at  a  short  distance  from 
the  disk,  where  it  has  not  yet  acquired  the  definitive  form  of  a  hook 
provided  with  regular  points.  The  tentacle  scale  (b)  is  oval  and 
terminated  by  a  long  point. 

Ophiothrix  longipeda  has  been  met  with  in  a  large  number  of 
localities  in  the  Indo-Pacific  region. 

I  have  continued  to  consider  as  different  species  0.  galatheae,  O. 
hirsuta,  and  0.  longipeda,  and  in  fact  the  specimens  included  in  the 
Albatross  collection  can  be  perfectly  well  and  easily  assigned  to  one 
or  the  other,  their  characters  being  well  marked.  It  is  not  worth 
while  to  review  their  characters  here,  nor  those  of  O.  puncto-limbata 
which  I  enumerated  and  discussed  in  1905  ('05,  pp.  94,  95).  But  I 
have  thought  that  it  might  be  useful  to  include  some  photographs 
which  will  facilitate  the  determination  of  these  forms.  To  the 
species  brought  back  by  the  Albatross  I  have  added  (pi.  32,  fig.  6) 
a  photograph  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  0.  puncto-limbata;  the  speci- 
men came  from  Amboina  and  was  given  me  by  Professor  de  Loriol ; 
it  is  one  of  those  which  he  described  in  his  memoir  of  1893  (p.  416). 
I  have  added  to  the  photographs  showing  the  dorsal  surfaces  of  the 
arms  of  various  species  of  Ophiothrix  (pi.  33)  one  of  an  O.  obtusa, 
the  upper  arm  plates  of  this  species  recalling  those  of  certain  forms 
of  0.  hirsuta,  which  it  likewise  approaches  in  the  armature  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  but  0.  obtusa  is  easily  distinguished  from 
the  0.  galatheae-hirsuta-longipeda  group  by  its  very  short  arms. 

In  his  recent  catalogue  of  the  living  ophiurans  H.  L.  Clark  wrote 
in  regard  to  0.  rJiabdota  ('15,  p.  278)  that  he  strongly  doubted  the 
validity  of  0.  galatheae,  0.  hirsuta,  and  O.  puncto-limbata,  and  he 
believed  that  further  studies  would  lead  without  doubt  to  uniting 
them  with  0.  longipeda,  wrhile  O.  expedita,  on  the  other  hand,  ap- 
peared to  him  better  characterized.  For  the  moment,  I  can  not  share 
the  opinion  of  the  learned  American  naturalist,  and,  after  having 
had  occasion  to  study  a  rather  large  number  of  Ophiothrix  belong- 
ing to  the  species  named  above,  I  do  not  see  my  way  clear  to  unite 
certain  of  them  with  O.  longipeda.  To  be  sure  the  characters  on 


238  BULLETIN  100,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

which  they  are  separated  are  not  of  very  great  value,  but  I  have  never 
been  at  a  loss  in  recognizing  them,  even  when  there  has  been  some 
encroachment  upon  their  distinctive  features.  Thus  I  have  had  oc- 
casion above  to  record  two  specimens  of  0.  galatheae  from  Dumu- 
rug  Point  in  which  the  radial  shields,  instead  of  being  entirely 
naked,  as  is  ordinarily  the  case,  show  on  their  surface  a  certain  num- 
ber of  granules  similar  to  those  of  the  rest  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk;  but  these  granules,  which  are  few  in  number,  do  not  form 
a  covering  comparable  to  that  which  is  found  in  O.  longipeda,  from 
which  O.  galatheae  is  sharply  distinguished  by  its  arm  spines. 

Moreover,  the  form  of  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  when  transformed 
into  a  hook  may  furnish  a  good  criterion  for  determination.  In  0* 
hirsuta  it  shows  the  characters  which  are  usually  met  with  in  the 
species  of  the  genus  Ophiothrix;  it  is  large,  with  three  or  four  points 
only,  the  terminal  point  is  very  strong  and  strongly  recurved,  and 
the  following  are  smaller  and  diminish  rapidly  in  size  (pi.  99,  fig. 
2&).  In  O.  galatheae,  O.  longipeda,  and  O.  puncto-lirribata  the  first 
ventral  spine  does  not  form  a  hook,  properly  speaking :  it  resembles 
rather  a  spine  furnished  on  its  concave  border  with  many  successive^ 
elongated,  closely  crowded  points  which  are  arranged  parallel  to  each 
other.  However,  it  is  especially  in  0.  longipeda  (pi.  100,  fig.  2d) 
and  0.  puncto-linibata  (pi.  101,  fig..  75)  that  these  characters  are 
shown  with  the  greatest  clearness;  in  O.  galatheae  the  transformation 
into  a  hook  is  more  pronounced  and  the  lateral  points  are  less  numer- 
ous (pi.  99,  fig.  If) .  In  these  three  species  once  the  definitive  charac- 
ters are  acquired  the  first  ventral  spine  always  remains  of  relatively 
small  dimensions. 

Generally  speaking,  the  examination  of  this  spine  permits  the  dif- 
ferentiation of  0.  galatheae,  0.  hirsuta,  and  O.  longipeda;  as  for  O. 
puncto-lirribata,  it  is  evidently  very  close  to  0.  longipeda*;  in  my 
opinion  it  is  the  -only  form  of  the  group  about  which  it  is  possible 
to  have  doubts  regarding  its  specific  validity. 

I  have  given  above  my  views  on  the  subject  of  0.  rhabdota,  which 
I  consider  as  a  variety  of  O.  expedita. 

OPHIOTHMX  FOVEOLATA  Marktanner. 

Plate  47,  figs.  4-7 ;  plate  98,  fig.  6. 
See  for  bibliography: 

OpMothrix   foveolata   KOSHLER    ('05),  p.   76;    ('10),   p.   294.— MACINTOSH 
('11),  p.  161.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  280. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5131;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Sea,  off  western 
Mindanao;  island  off  Panabutan  Point  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  0.74  kilo- 
meter (0.4  mile.)  distant ;  49  meters  (27  fathoms) :  February  6,  1908 ; 
gn.  M.,  co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41025,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     239 

Notes. — The  two  specimens  are  of  small  size;  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  in  one  is  5  mm.  and  in  the  other  3.5  mm.  The  coloration  recalls 
that  which  I  have  recorded  in  certain  specimens  from  the  Siboga 
collection,  from  stations  64  and  153.  In  the  larger,  the  general  color 
is  roseate ;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  somewhat  wavy  pur- 
ple lines,  the  upper  arm  plates  show  a  red  spot  in  the  center  and  also 
a  dark  line  along  their  distal  border,  and  the  spines  are  dark  red. 
The  second  is  lighter;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  large  red 
spots,  one  in  the  central  region  and  the  others  covering  a  part  of  the 
radial  shields;  the  upper  arm  plates  are  uniformly  red;  the  spines 
are  light  gray  or  slightly  roseate. 

Ophiothrix  foveolata  is  not  always  easily  recognized,  and  I  have 
thought  it  worth  while  to  give  here  for  comparative  purposes  in  addi- 
tion to  the  photographs  of  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross 
(figs.  4,  5,  6)  a  photograph  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  one  of  the  Siboga 
specimens  in  which  the  general  appearance  is  somewhat  different  from 
that  of  the  two  specimens  which  I  have  just  mentioned  (fig.  7) ;  in  this 
individual  the  general  coloration  is  grayish,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  shows  only  a  few  dark  blue  lines  on  the  borders  of  the  radial 
shields,  or  a  few  small  spots  of  the  same  color  on  the  shields  them- 
selves, as  well  as  in  the  interradial  spaces. 

On  plate  98,  as  figure  6c,  I  show  the  first  ventral  arm  spine,  which 
transforms  rapidly  into  a  hook  of  the  typical  form  with  three,, 
or  sometimes  with  only  two,  branches,  two  tentacle  scales  (#),  and 
some  arm  spines  (b  and  d). 

The  type  of  0.  forveolata  came  from  the  Aru  Islands.  The  Siboga 
met  with  it  in  many  localities  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  depths  be- 
tween 9  and  141  meters  (5  to  77  fathoms).  The  species  also  has  been 
recorded  from  the  Mergui  archipelago. 

OPHIOTHRIX  HYBRIDA  H.  L.  Clark. 

Plate  46,  figs.  4-6 ;  plate  99,  fig.  3. 
Ophiothrix  hylrida  H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  272,  pi.  12,  fig.  5. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5321;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Formosa;  Ibugos  Island  (south  end)  bearing  S.  89°  W.,  2.32  kilo- 
meters (1.25  miles)  distant  (lat.  20°  19'  30"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15" 
E.) ;  47  meters  (26  fathoms)  ;  November  9, 1908 ;  wh.  S.,  Co.,  brk.  Sh, 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  56,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10  mm. ;  the  arms  are  all  incom- 
plete, and  one  of  them  is  preserved  for  a  length  of  only  50  mm.  f 
they  must  have  been  very  long. 

Ophiothrix  hy~brida  was  recently  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  from  a- 
unique  specimen,  and  he  considered  it  a  hybrid  between  O.  trili- 
neata  and  0.  longipeda,  believing  that  it  shared  the  characters  of 


240  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

these  two  species.  In  his  type  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measured 
8  mm.,  and  the  arms  were  65  mm.  long. 

My  specimen  agrees  exactly  with  H.  L.  Clark's  description  and 
photographs.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  light  red,  while  the 
arms  have  a  bluish  red  coloration.  The  white  marblings  of  the  ra- 
dial shields  are  little  marked,  though  quite  recognizable.  The  white 
longitudinal  line  which  runs  all  along  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms 
is  very  well  marked,  and  it  is  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  .red  line ; 
some  white  spots  appear  beyond  it,  and  at  some  distance  from  the 
median  line.  These  successive  spots  on  the  side  arm  plates  form  an 
irregular  and  interrupted  line  which  is  situated  toward  the  dividing 
line  between  the  dorsal  and  side  arm  plates;  these  last  each  show 
another  white  spot.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms 
show  the  coloration  described  by  H.  L.  Clark;  the  arm  spines  are 
glassy  and  slightly  bluish. 

The  only  difference  that  I  notice  between  my  specimen  and  H.  L. 
Clark's  type  is  that  the  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  ap- 
pear to  me  a  little  thicker  and  less  pointed  than  in  the  latter  (pi. 
99,  fig.  3a)  ;  this  slight  difference  may,  however,  be  correlated  with 
the  somewhat  smaller  size. 

Ophiothrix  hybrida  may  be  compared  with  0.  tennis  Brock  and 
O.  virgata  Lyman,  but  it  differs  from  both  of  these  species  by  its  col- 
oration ;  furthermore,  it  differs  from  0.  tennis  in  the  form  of  the  up- 
per and  under  arm  plates,  in  the  fourth  dorsal  spine,  which  is  not 
broadened,  and  in  the  radial  shields  which  are  not  in  contact  in  each 
pair ;  it  also  differs  from  O.  virgata  in  the  smaller  radial  shields,  in 
the  upper  arm  plates,  etc. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  large  with  one  or  two  short  points  on  its  free 
border  (fig.  3<?).  The  hook-like  form  which  the  first  ventral  spine  as- 
sumes at  some  distance  from  the  disk  is  interesting  (fig.  3d)  ;  it  is,  in 
fact,  intermediate  between  that  usually  seen  in  the  genus  Ophiothrix 
and  that  which  I  have  recorded  in  O.  longipeda,  O.  puncto- 
linibata,  0.  propinqua,  etc.  The  hook  is  elongated  and  it  ends 
in  a  strong  recurved  point  behind  which  there  is  another,  weaker; 
following  this  are  four  smaller  subequal  points,  which  are  straight 
and  parallel  to  each  other.  These  mixed  characters  offer  an  argu- 
ment in  favor  of  H.  L.  Clark's  hypothesis  that  O.  hybrbda  is  a  hybrid 
between  O.  longipdfla  and  0.  trilineata. 

The  exact  habitat  of  H.  L.  Clark's  unique  specimen  is  not  certain ; 
it  was  purchased  from  the  Museum  Godeffroy  and  was  labeled  "  Fiji 
or  Samoa." 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      241 
OPHIOTHRIX  INFIRMA  Koehler. 

Plate  48,  tigs.  5,  6,  7 ;  plate  100,  fig.  1. 

Ophiothrix  infirma  KCEHLER   ('05),  p.  89,  pi.  8,  figs.  10-13. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  281. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5153;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group,  Tocanhi  Point  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  3.89  kilometers  (2.1 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  18'  10"  N.,  long.  120°  02'  55"  E.)  ;  90  meters 
(49  fathoms)  ;  February  19,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  12,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  two  specimens  are  in  fairly  good  condition,  especially 
one  of  them,  which  is  almost  complete  and  which  I  have  shown  on 
plate  48  as  figures  5-7 ;  the  disk  measures  11  mm.  in  diameter.  The 
other  specimen  is  a  little  larger. 

The  radial  shields  are  very  large,  almost  completely  naked,  and 
separated  by  a  narrow  interval.  The  interradial  spaces  are  relatively 
narrow.  The  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  have  fairly  distinct  outlines, 
and  bear  small  and  very  numerous  club  spines  terminated  by  a  few 
short  spinules  which  are  rather  obtuse,  unequal,  and  erect  (pi.  100, 
fig.  la) ,  without  the  least  indication  of  true  spines.  As  I  said  in  de- 
scribing the  species  in  1905,  the  tentacle  scale  is  very  large  (fig.  Id) ; 
it  is  rounded,  with  a  few  slightly  developed  asperities  on  its  free 
border.  The  first  ventral  spine  beyond  the  proximal  third  of  the 
arms  assumes  the  form  of  a  three  branched  hook  which  is  very 
large  and  strongly  developed  (fig.  Ic).  The  two  distal  branches  of 
the  hook  are  especially  well  developed,  but  the  third  is  very  much 
less  so;  often  a  more  strongly  curved  fourth  point  is  added  toward 
the  base  of  the  hook. 

The  coloration  of  the  two  specimens  is  pink.  A  white  line  extends 
throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms 
broadening  and  narrowing  on  each  group  of  three  or  four  segments ; 
it  is  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  dark  purple  line  which  toward  the 
distal  border  of  each  upper  arm  plate  forms  a  very  pronounced  spot ; 
another  dark  spot,  somewhat  smaller,  lies  at  the  base  of  the  last  dorsal 
spine.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  shows  a  broad  white  line 
outside  of  which  the  general  coloration  is  pink,  and  there  is  also  on 
each  side  of  the  white  line  a  dark  purple  spot  toward  the  distal 
border  of  the  under  arm  plate. 

In  discussing  the  characters  of  0 '.  infirma  in  1905  I  compared  it 
with  O.  stelligera  Lyman,  from  which  I  said  it  is  distinguished  by 
liaving  its  radial  shields  in  part  naked,  by  having  the  arm  plates 
larger,  and  especially  remarkably  broad,  and  by  having  the  tentacle 
scale  very  large  and  rounded.  The  affinity  of  these  two  species  is  still 

55269—22 — Bui.  100 16 


242  BULLETIN"  100,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

closer  than  I  had  supposed,  as  is  shown  by  the  study  of  certain  speci- 
mens of  O.  stelligera  such  as  those  which  I  have  shown  on  plate  4 
as  figure  4,  in  which  the  very  large  radial  shields  are  only  slightly 
covered.  But  the  two  species  may  always  be  distinguished  by  the 
club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  are  terminated 
by  a  few  short  and  unequal  spinules  in  O.  infirma,  by  the  somewhat 
smaller  arm  spines,  and  especially  by  the  tentacle  scale,  which  is 
remarkably  large.  I  shall  return  again  to  the  characters  of  0. 
stelligera  when  I  discuss  that  species^ 

OPHIOTHRIX  KOREANA  Duncan. 

Plate  45,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  99,  fig.  4. 

Ophiothrix  koreana  DUNCAN  ('79),  p.  473,  pi.  11,  figs.  28-32. — LYMAN  ('82), 
p.  226.— MARKTANNEB  ('87),  p.  308.— H.  L.  CLABK  ('11),  p.  257,  figs.  127, 
128;  ('15),  p.  273.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  220. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5116;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  69^  E.,  4.63  kilometers  (2.5 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  41'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  05"  E.)  ;  366 
meters  (200  fathoms) ;  January  20, 1908. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41085,  E.  86,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5135;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  S.  46° 
W.,  22.05  kilometers  (11.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  11'  50"  N.,  long. 
121°  08'  20"  E.) ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms) ;  February  7,  1908;  fne. 
co.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41082,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5179;  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Eomblon  Light  bear- 
ing S.  56°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  38'  15"  N.,. 
long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms) ;  March  25,  1908: 
hrd.  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41083,  E.  92,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5187;  Tanon  Strait,  east  coast  of  Negros;  Apo 
Island  bearing  S.  21°  W.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  16'  45"  N.,  long.  123°  00'  00"  E.) ;  411  meters  (225  fathoms)  ; 
March  31,  1908;  sft.  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  90,  E.  91,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5212;  east  of  Masbate  Island;  Panalangan  Point 
bearing  S.  54°  30'  E.,  26.87  kilometers  (14.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
12°04'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  04'  36"  E.) ;  197  meters  (108  fathoms)  ; 
April  20, 1908 ;  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  89,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5213;  Destacado  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  87°  E.r 
15.75  kilometers  (8.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  15'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  57' 
30"  E.) ;  146  meters  (80  fathoms) ;  April  20,  1908;  S,  M.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E  93,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     243 

Albatross  station  5221;  between  Marinduque  and  Luzon;  San 
Andreas  Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  10.19  kilometers  (5.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  15"  E.) ;  353  meters  (193 
fathoms) ;  April  24,  1908;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen    (Cat.  No.  41087,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5257;  southern  Mindanao,  eastern  Illana  Bay; 
Utara  Point,  Bongo  Island,  bearing  N.  88°  W.,  14.27  kilometers  (7.7 
miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  22'  12"  N.,  long.  124°  12'  15"  E.) ;  51  meters 
(28  fathoms) ;  May  22,  1908 ;  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  83,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5265;  Verde  Island  Passage  and  Batangas  Bay; 
Matocot  Point,  Luzon,  bearing  S.  17°  E.,  6.12  kilometers  (3.3  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  41'  15"  N.,  long.  120°  00'  50"  E.) ;  247  meters  (135 
fathoms) ;  June  6,  1908;  S.,  M. 

Several  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5373;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  27.80  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant 
'(lat.   13°   40'   00"   N.,  long.   121°   31'   10"   E.) ;   618  meters    (338 
fathoms) ;  March  2,  1909 ;  sft.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  84,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5391;  between  Samar  and  Masbate;  Tubig  Point 
(Destacado  Island)  bearing  N.  31°  E.,  5.56  kilometers  (3  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  12°  13'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  03"  E.) ;  216  meters  (118 
fathoms) ;  March  13,  1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  85,  E.  87,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5392;  between  Samar  and  Masbate;  Tubig  Point 
bearing  N.  49°  E.,  9.26  kilometers  (5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  12'  35" 
N.,  long.  124°  02'  48"  E.) ;  247  meters  (135  fathoms) ;  March  13, 
1909  ;gn.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41084,  41086,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz  Point 
(Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat 
9°  49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  231  meters  (127  fathoms)  ; 
March  25,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  88,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Duncan's  description  was  based  upon  specimens  from  the 
Korean  Straits  in  25  fathoms;  it  is  fairly  complete,  but  the  figures 
which  accompany  it  are  quite  unsatisfactory  and  scarcely  permit  the 
recognition  of  the  species.  Since  the  publication  of  Duncan's  mem- 
oir, Ophiothrix  koreana  does  not  appear  to  have  been  seen  again 
until  1911.  Brock  in  1888,  without  giving  evidence  in  support  of 
his  assertion,  suggested  that  0.  koreana  is  a  synonym  of  O.  comata 
('88,  p.  511,  512,  515) ;  but  it  is  certain  that  the  Ophiothrix  con- 
sidered by  Brock  as  an  O.  comata  did  not  at  all  conform  to  Miiller 


244  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

and  Troschel's  type,  and  that  the  real  characters  of  this  latter  species 
completely  eluded  him,  as  has  been  the  case  also  with  other  authors 
(see  Kcehler,  '04a,  p.  105). 

To  -H.  L.  Clark  belongs  the  credit  of  having  clearly  established  the 
characters  of  O.  koreana,  and  especially  of  having  shown  the  very 
great  variations  which  this  species  may  show,  principally  in  regard 
to  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  He  was  able  to 
examine  a  very  considerable  series  of  specimens,  411  in  all,  which 
were  collected  in  the  Japanese  seas  at  depths  between  11.5  and  302 
fathoms.  I  refer  the  reader  to  the  memoir  of  this  American  natural- 
ist for  the  description  of  the  principal  variations  which  he  has  ascer- 
tained ('11,  p.  257  and  following  pages). 

The  specimens  which  have  been  sent  to  me  also  show  variations, 
but  these  are  less  extensive  than  those  of  the  specimens  studied  by  H. 
L.  Clark ;  it  is  true  that  my  collection  is  less  extensive  than  his.  The 
majority  of  the  specimens  agree  with  that  from  station  5116,  of  which 
I  give  two  photographs  (pi.  45,  figs.  2,  3).  The  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  is  uniformly  covered  with  club  spines  terminated  by  three  long 
divergent  spinules,  identical  with  those  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  repre- 
sented ('11,  fig.  128&),  and  of  which  I  give  a  few  photographs;  some- 
times these  club  spines  bear  four  points,  or  more  rarely  two  only; 
but  in  general  they  show  a  great  regularity  (pi.  94,  fig.  4#).  The 
very  large  radial  shields  are  always  more  or  less  covered  with  club 
spines.  Such  are  the  characters  which  the  individuals  from  stations 
5135,  5179,  5212,  5265,  5391,  5392,  and  5421  present;  in  those  from 
station  5257  the  radial  shields  are  almost  naked ;  in  the  other  speci- 
mens, these  shields,  which  are  almost  entirely  naked,  become  rela- 
tively still  larger,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  specimens  from  stations  5187 
and  5373,  of  which  I  give  photographs  (pi.  45,  figs.  4,  5),  and  on  that 
from  station  5541;  in  the  specimen  from  station  5221  the  radial 
shields  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  in  dimensions,  bear 
a  certain  number  of  club  spines.  In  the  specimens  which  I  have  just 
mentioned,  with  the  exception  of  that  from  station  5187,  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  carries  only  trifid  or  sometimes  quadrified  club 
spines,  but  these  club  spines  may  elongate  and  transform  into  small 
true  spines.  This  transformation  may  be  easily  followed  in  the  speci- 
men from  station  5179,  in  which  the  central  region  of  the  disk  shows 
typical  club  spines  which  elongate  little  by  little  toward  the  periph- 
ery and  become  transformed  into  very  elongated,  thin,  and  rather 
slender  true  spines,  furnished  with  denticulations  throughout  their 
length  (pi.  45,  fig.  1).  The  indivdual  from  station  5213,  on  the  other 
hand,  bears  club  spines  in  the  peripheral  part  of  the  disk,  and  these 
elongate  little  by  little  in  the  central  region  to  form  eventually  true 
spines,  which  are,  however,  very  much  less  developed  than  in  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     245 

preceding  individual.  The  two  specimens  from  station  5187  possess 
only  spines,  but  these  remain  rather  short,  slender,  and  well  spaced 
(fig.  5).  In  a  specimen  which  was  sent  to  me  by  the  United  States 
National  Museum  and  which  was  determined  by  H.  L.  Clark  (station 
4833,  Shima  Hondo,  79  fathoms)  the  spines  are  remarkably  devel- 
oped; they  are  stout,  thick,  and  elongated  especially  in  the  central 
region  of  the  disk,  becoming  shorter  toward  the  periphery.  Another 
specimen,  which  was  also  sent  to  me  by  the  National  Museum,  and 
which  came  from  station  4893,  is  remarkable  for  the  feeble  develop- 
ment of  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk ;  as  is  shown 
by  the  photograph  which  I  give  of  it  (fig.  6),  the  outlines  of  the 
dorsal  plates  of  the  disk,  which  are  relatively  large,  and  each  of 
which  only  bears  a  very  small  club  spine,  are  easily  distinguishable. 
In  the  specimen  from  station  5187.  which  I  have  already  mentioned^ 
the  armature  of  the  disk  also  is  rather  slightly  developed ;  the  plates 
are  separated  from  each  other  by  soft  parts,  especially  in  the  central 
region  where  they  are  never  in  contact. 

I  include  (pi.  99,  figs.  4#,  &,  and  c)  some  photographs  of  club  spines 
and  of  isolated  true  spines  which  will  show  the  principal  forms  found 
in  O.  koreana.  The  trifid  or  sometimes  quadrifid  club  spines  shown 
at  a  represent  the  normal  form,  which  is  most  frequently  observed 
when  the  disk  bears  nothing  but  club  spines.  When  true  spines  occur 
among  the  club  spines,  and  before  these  become  transformed  into 
small  true  spines,  abnormal  forms  are  sometimes  found,  such  as 
those  which  are  shown  in  fig.  45 /  the  three  spinules  instead  of  becom- 
ing long  and  subequal  are  very  much  shortened;  they  become  very 
unequal,  and  their  number  falls  to  two,  or  they  may  even  disappear 
altogether,  so  that  the  club  spine  is  reduced  to  a  very  elongated  cone. 
I  show  at  c  different  forms  of  spines,  some  very  short,  others  much 
developed,  as  I  observe  them,  for  example,  in  the  specimen  from 
station  5179,  the  whole  dorsal  surface  of  which  is  shown  on  plate  45 
as  figure  1. 

In  all  the  specimens  in  the  collection  which  has  been  sent  me  the 
radial  shields  are  very  large,  whether  they  are  completely  naked  or 
covered  with  a  greater  or  lesser  number  of  club  spines,  and  I  con- 
sider that  this  relatively  large  size  of  the  radial  shields  constitutes 
one  of  the  specific  characters  of  O.  koreana;  it  may  already  be 
noticed  in  the  smallest  specimens.  The  shape  of  the  upper  arm  plates 
is  also  very  characteristic,  and  I  find  it  the  same  on  all  the  adult 
specimens.  The  photographs  which  I  include  (pi.  45,  figs.  1,  2, 4,  5,  6) 
give  a  good  idea  of  the  outlines  of  these  plates;  the  distal  angle 
makes  a  sort  of  rounded  and  slightly  projecting  beak,  and  the  two 
sides  which  bound  it  are  very  slightly  turned  inwardly  instead  of 
being  straight,  or  even  somewhat  convex,  as  is  the  case  in  the  species 
of  Ophiotlirix  related  to  O.  koreana. 


246  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  hook  which  is  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  a  little 
distance  from  the  disk  always  remains  very  stout  and  large ;  it  shows 
three  branches  of  which  the  last  is  thick  and  much  developed;  the 
two  others  are  very  much  less  developed  (pi.  99,  fig.  4e).  Duncan 
says  that  the  tentacle  scale  is  small;  this  is  not  quite  correct;  this 
scale  is  rather  large,  oval  in  shape,  and  shows  on  its  distal  border 
sometimes  a  short  conical  point  broadened  at  the  base,  and  some- 
times several  smaller  points  (fig.  4/) . 

The  general  coloration  is  always  roseate ;  sometimes  it  passes  into 
a  reddish  yellow.  It  is  not  rare  to  see  a  white  band  extending  all 
along  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms,  bounded  on  either  side  by 
a  red  or  pink  band  showing  a  more  or  less  dark  purple  spot  toward 
the  distal  border  of  each  upper  arm  plate.  In  some  specimens  from 
station  5265  the  upper  arm  plates  show  at  intervals  a  large  dark 
purple  spot  which  occupies  the  greater  part  of  their  surface. 

OPHIOTHRIX  LEPIDA  Loriol. 

Plate  36,  fig.  5 ;  plate  100,  fig.  3. 

Ophiothrix  lepidus  LORIOL  ('93),  p.  45,  pi.  25,  fig.  1.— KCEHLEB  ('98),  p.  102. 
Ophiothrix  lepida  H.  L.  CLAEK  ('15),  p.  281. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5152;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Pajumajan  Islands  (W.)  bearing  S.  2°  W.,  3.71 
kilometers  (2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  22'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  15'  45" 
E.) ;  62  meters  (34  fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908 ;  wh.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  6,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5153;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Tocanhi  Point  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  3.89  kilometers  (2.1  miles)  distant 
(lat.  5°  18'  10"  N.,  long.  120°  02'  55"  E.) ;  90  meters  (49  fathoms) ; 
February  19,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  7,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5640;  Molucca  Sea;  Labuan  Blanda  Island  bear- 
ing N.  88°  E.,  1.61  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  4°  27'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  55'  40"  E.) ;  44  meters  (24  fathoms) ;  December  13,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  5,  U.S.N.M.) ;  S.,  brk.  Sh. 

Notes. — The  two  specimens  from  station  5152  have  a  rather  pale 
general  coloration;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  a  very  light 
greenish  white,  with  a  slight  indication  of  an  extremely  fine  purple 
line  along  the  inner  border  of  the  radial  shields  in  the  larger;  the 
arms  are  roseate,  and  the  spines  banded  white  and  pink.  A  purple 
line  extends  all  along  the  median  line  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
arms,  but  this  line  is  somewhat  irregular  and  is  sometimes  discon- 
tinuous. The  ventral  surface  is  lighter,  and  the  arms  show  in  the- 
median  line  a  band  interrupted  at  each  segment. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     247 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5640  the  general  coloration  is  a  rather 
dark  greenish;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  light  purple 
spots  on  the  radial  shields,  and  the  small  spines  borne  by  the  plates 
in  the  interradial  regions  are  purple ;  these  plates  themselves  show  a 
purple  bordering ;  the  arm  spines  are  grayish  white  banded  with  red. 
A  median  longitudinal  purple  line  extends  the  whole  length  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  arms,  but  it  is  formed  by  a  succession  of  little 
spots  very  close  together. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  some  distance 
from  the  disk  is  peculiarly  elongated  and  slender,  and  exceeds  0.5 
mm.  in  length  in  specimens  of  medium  size  (pi.  100,  fig.  3&).  On  its 
concave  border  it  bears  four  or  five  rather  short  and  thick  spines, 
and  the  terminal  spine  is  not  stouter  than  the  following;  it  is  even 
sometimes  shorter ;  in  the  distal  half  or  third  of  the  arms  the  number 
of  arm  spines  falls  to  three.  The  tentacle  scale  is  rather  small,  oval 
and  delicate,  and  ends  in  a  very  long  point,  sometimes  accompanied 
by  a  second  almost  equally  developed  (fig.  4Z>). 

I  have  already  discussed  (Kcehler  '98,  p.  102,  the  affinities  of  0. 
lepida  with  0.  purpurea.  Aside  from  the  characters  based  upon  the 
number  of  arm  spines  and  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields — for  the 
two  species  resemble  each  other  very  greatly  in  these  respects — they 
may  be  distinguished  from  each  other  especially  by  the  form  of  the 
radial  shields,  which  are  much  elongated  and  very  narrow  in  O. 
lepida,  where  their  proximal  apex  comes  very  near  the  center  of  the 
disk  (pi.  36,  fig.  5),  while  in  0.  purpurea  these  shields  are  very 
much  broader  and  triangular  in  form,  and  their  proximal  apex  is 
some  distance  from  the  center  of  the  disk.  The  outlines  of  these 
shields  may  be  made  out  on  the  photograph  published  by  Doderlein 
('99,  pi.  17,  fig.  23),  as  well  as  on  that  which  I  give  here  (pi.  58,  fig. 
3).  The  upper  arm  plates  are  also  a  little  more  elongated  in  O. 
lepida,  in  which  they  have  a  lozenge  shape  form  with  the  two  ex- 
ternal angles  tuncated,  their  greatest  breadth  being  found  almost  at 
their  middle,  while  in  O.  purpurea  the  greatest  breadth  is  close  to  the 
distal  border.  Doderlein  says  that  these  plates  are  a  little  broader 
than  long  with  the  internal  and  external  borders  almost  straight  and 
equal ;  but  this  is  inexact,  and  on  the  photograph  which  he  has  pub- 
lished, although  the  outlines  of  these  plates  are  not  very  distinct, 
it  may  be  shown  that  their  form  does  not  correspond  with  the  de- 
scription given  in  the  text.  I  have  thought  it  well  to  include  two 
photographs  (pi.  58,  figs.  3,  4)  of  an  0.  purpurea  from  the  Sunda 
Archipelago  which  is  in  my  collection,  in  which  better  than  in  Doder- 
lein's  photograph  the  outlines  of  the  different  plates  may  be  made 
out  and  which  permits  a  more  exact  comparison  with  O.  lepida.  I 
may  add  that  the  very  robust  tentacle  scale  of  0,  purpurea  is  very 


248  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

different  from  the  more  delicate  and  finer  scale  which  I  find  in  Or 
lepida. 

Loriol  has  stated  that  0.  lepida  was  without  a  tentacle  scale  ('93, 
p.  47),  and  he  says  the  same  thing  for  0.  fallow  (p.  48) ;  this  state- 
ment is  not  correct.  This  scale  certainly  is  present ;  I  have  described 
its  characters  above  and  I  include  photographs  of  it  (pi.  100,  fig. 
35).  To  be  sure,  this  scale  may  be  lacking  on  certain  segments,  but 
I  believe  that  this  absence  is  accidental.  The  tentacle  scale  can  not  be 
confused  with  the  first  ventral  arm  spine,  for  the  latter,  which  is  very 
much  more  elongated,  is  always  easily  recognized  and  furthermore  it 
transforms  into  a  hook  a  short  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms. 
After  having  stated  that  the  tentacle  scale  is  lacking  in  O.  lepida 
and  O.  fallow,  Loriol  has  allowed  an  error  to  remain  in  the  figures 
which  he  has  published  of  these  two  species  (pi.  25,  figs.  Id  and  2<?) 
showing  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms.  These  figures  show  a  very 
large,  broad,  and  oval  tentacle  scale  of  a  size  that  would  be  quite  un- 
usual in  an  Ophiothrix;  evidently  the  artist  should  have  represented 
a  pore  in  place  of  this  scale. 

I  may  mention  that  in  1898  ('98,  p.  102)  I  wrote  that  0.  fallox  was 
perhaps  only  a  variety  of  0.  le<pida;  my  opinion  on  that  subject  has 
not  been  changed. 

The  type  of  0.  lepida  came  from  Mauritius.  The  species  was  re- 
discovered by  the  Investigator  in  the  Andaman  Islands  and  in  the 
Laccadive  and  Mergui  Archipelagoes  at  depths  varying  between  15 
and  50  fathoms. 

OPHIOTHRIX  MARENZELLERI  Kcehler. 

Plate  39,  figs.  3-5 ;  plate  100,  fig.  4. 

Ophiothrix  marenzelleri  KCEHLEE  ('04a),  p.  103,  figs.  76-78.— H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  281.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  220. 

Locality. — Yenoshima,  Japan. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41024,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  refer  to  Ophiothrix  marenzelleri  a  single  specimen  of 
smaller  size  than  those  upon  which  I  originally  based  the  species ;  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm.,  and  the  length  of  the  arms  varies  be- 
tween 25  mm.  and  30  mm.  The  dorsal  surface  is  uniformly  covered 
with  elongated  and  rather  thick  club  spines,  to  which  might  almost 
be  given  the  name  of  spines;  these  club  spines  are  cylindrical  or 
slightly  conical,  smooth,  and  ending  in  short,  unequal,  and  thick 
spinules  varying  from  two  to  four  in  number  (pi.  100,  fig.  4&)  ;  they 
are  very  closely  crowded  and  almost  entirely  cover  the  radial  shields. 
These  club  spines  become  a  little  longer,  but  less  closely  crowded,  on 
the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  which  they  cover  in  large  part,  with- 
out, however,  extending  as  far  as  the  mouth  shields  or  the  genital 
slits. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     249 

The  upper  and  under  arm  plates  have  the  forms  which  I  have  gave 
for  them  in  my  original  description,  the  former  with  the  proximal 
angle  truncated  and  slightly  produced  and  the  latter  with  the  distal 
border  concave.  The  under  arm  plates,  while  broader  than  long,  are 
perhaps  a  little  less  broadened  than  in  my  type;  this  comes-  about 
doubtless  from  the  difference  in  size  of  the  individuals  ;  in  the  speci- 
men which  I  figured  in  1904  ('04a,  -fig.  76),  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
10  mm.,  while  in  the  Albatross  specimen  this  diameter  does  not  exceed 
6  mm.  The  arm  spines  are  flattened,  rather  thick  and  strong,  slightly 
broadened  at  the  tip;  they  are  finely  denticulate  throughout  their 
whole  length. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  is  fairly  well  de- 
veloped (pi.  100,  fig.  4:c)  ;  it  usually  shows  three  branches,  sometimes 
only  two,  the  terminal  branch  very  much  stouter  than  the  two  others. 

The  tentacle  scale,  which  is  of  medium  size,  is  oval,  ending  in  a 
stout  point  often  accompanied  bv  a  few  others  very  much  smaller 


The  general  color  is  an  olivaceous  gray  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  ;  the  arms  are  lighter,  with  traces  of  reddish  bands.  The  ventral 
surface  of  the  disk  is  light  gray  and  the  arms  show  darker  annula- 
tions;  there  is  not  the  least  indication  of  a  lighter  or  darker  longi- 
tudinal line  on  the  arms. 

In  1904  I  mentioned  that  the  specimens  upon  which  I  based  this 

species,  and  which  had  been  labeled  by  Marenzeller  0.  stelligera, 

were  in  reality  very  different  from  the  latter  ;  I  had  not  then  had  the 

opportunity  of  studying  O.  koreana,  and  I  was  not  able  consequently 

to  compare  it  with  0.  marenzelleri.    I  now  maintain  that  these  two 

species  are  rather  closely  related,  and  I  notice  especially  a  great  re- 

semblance between  O.  marenzelleri  and  0.  hylodes  from  Japan,  which 

H.  L.  Clark  described  under  a  different  specific  name,  though  saying 

that  he  was  tempted  to  consider  it  merely  as  a  variation  of  0.  koreana. 

The  only  difference  which  I  can  find  is  shown  by  the  spines  which 

cover  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  in  O.  hylodes  and  which  pass 

over  onto  the  radial  shields,  where  they  become  less  closely  crowded. 

These  spines  differ  from  those  which  I  find  in   O.  marenzelleri, 

which,  moreover,  had  perhaps  better  be  called  club  spines.    They  have 

a  smooth  surface,  and  they  bear  only  two  or  three  unequal  spinules 

at  their  tip  ;  they  appear  to  me  to  be  shorter  and  less  stout  than  in 

O.  hylodes,  while  on  the  other  hand  the  arm  spines  are  more  slender 

in  the  latter. 

Ophiothrix  marenzelleri  also  shows  affinities  with  O.  caespitosa 
from  Australia  ;  to  facilitate  comparison  I  include  three  photographs 
of  a  specimen  which  I  have  of  this  latter  species  from  Port  Jackson, 
Lyman's  type  locality  (pi.  38,  figs.  6,  7,  8). 


250  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  club  spines  which  cover  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  0. 
caespitosa  are  finer  and  more  elongated,  and  they  are  furnished  with 
finer  spinules  than  in  0.  marenzelleri.  In  the  single  specimen  which 
I  have  a  few  spines  are  mingled  with  the  club  spines,  a  feature  which 
Lyman  did  not  mention  but  which  H.  L.  Clark  found  in  some  0. 
caespitosa  from  Australia  collected  both  by  the  Thetis  (H.  L.  Clark, 
'09,  p.  549)  and  by  the  Endeavour  ('16,  p.  90).  The  upper  and  under 
arm  plates  have  almost  the  same  form  in  the  two  species,  but  the  arm 
spines  are  more  slender  and  more  finely  denticulate,  and  not  broad- 
ened at  the  extremity  in  0.  caespitosa,  and  they  are  nine  instead  of 
only  seven  in  number ;  but  the  mouth  shields  especially  are  very  much 
broader  than  long,  while  in  O.  marenzelleri  they  are  scarcely  broader 
than  long  and  their  form  is  almost  lozenge-shaped. 

The  specimens  from  the  Vienna  Museum  upon  which  I  based  0. 
marenzelleri  came  from  Japan. 

Matsumoto  ('17,  p.  220)  has  recorded  0.  marenzelleri  from  various 
localities  in  Japan,  at  depths  between  0  and  70  fathoms.  He  dis- 
tinguished a  littoral  form,  in  which  the  disk  is  uniformly  covered 
with  echinulated  and  closely  crowded  spines,  and  a  sublittoral  form 
in  which  the  disk  bears  club  spines  ending  in  numerous  spinules.  He 
also  considers  0.  marenzelleri  as  closely  related  to  O  koreana  which 
the  sublittoral  form  especially  approaches,  and  he  gives  0.  hylodes 
H.  L.  Clark  as  a  synonym  of  0  marenzelleri. 

OPHIOTHRIX  MARTENSI  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  martensi  KOSHLEB   ('05),  p.  80;    ('07),  p.  334;    ('07b),  p.  252; 
('10),  p.  294.— MACINTOSH  ('11),  p.  162.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  275. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5141;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  S.  17°  E.,  10.19  kilometers  (5.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  09'  00" 
N.,  long.  120°  58'  00"  E.)  ;  53  meters  (29  fathoms) ;  February  15, 
1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41264,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5145;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  S.  16° 
E.,  1.57  kilometers  (0.85  mile)  distant  (lat.  6°  04'  30"  N.,  long.  120° 
59'  30"  E.)  ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms)  ;  February  15,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41263,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilometers  (8.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ;  38  meters 
(21  fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  17,  E.  18,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5554;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian  Point 
(Jolo)  bearing  N.  76°  E.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  5° 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEKS.     251 

52'  27"  N.,  long.  120°  52'  18"  E.) ;  45  meters  (25  fathoms) ;  Septem- 
ber 18,  1909;  Co.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41262,  U.S.N.M.). 

Marougas;  shore;  coral  head. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  19,  U.S.N.M.). 

No  locality. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41261,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — OpMothrix  martensi  has  been  met  with  in  a  large  number 
of  localities  in  the  Indo-Pacific  region,  principally  at  littoral  stations, 
though  the  Siboga  collected  it  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  various 
depths  down  to  73  meters  (40  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  MELANOSTICTA  Grube. 

Plate  59,  figs.  5,  6;  plate  100,  fig.  5. 
See  for  bibliography : 

OpMothrix  melanosticta  KCEHLER  ('06),  p.  77,  pi.  8,  figs.  4-6;  pi.  14,  fig.  3; 
('07b),  p.  253.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  275. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5146;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  18°  W.,  6.30 
kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  46'  50"  N.,  long.  120°  48'  50" 
E.) ;  44  meters  (24  fathoms)  ;  February  16, 1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41381,  E.  3,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Siasi; 
Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilometers  (8.4  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ;  38  meters  (21 
fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41382,  E.  2,  U.S.N.M). 

Albatross  station  5174 ;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo ;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
E.  4.82  kilometers  (2.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120° 
57'  00"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms)  ;  March  5,  1908;  crs.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  1,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines  (without  further  data). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41383,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  1905  I  gave  a  description  of  this  species  based  upon  the 
specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago ;  it  has 
been  found  in  various  localities  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  but  it  seems  up 
to  the  present  to  be  always  rather  rare. 

The  large  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  almost  al- 
ways smooth  (pi.  100,  fig.  5&).  Among  these  there  may  be  found 
some  others,  very  much  shorter,  which  deserve  the  name  of  club  spines 
(fig.  5c  and  d). 

The  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  some  distance  from  the  disk  trans- 
forms into  a  hook  with  three  or  four  branches  of  the  usual  type 


252  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

(fig.  5/)  ;  but  I  generally  notice  that  the  terminal  branch  is  shorter 
and  more  feeble  than  the  following,  which  is  the  most  developed. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  of  medium  size  (e) ;  it  usually  ends  in  a  short, 
thick,  and  conical  point;  sometimes  there  are  two  parallel  points. 

Ophiothrix  melanosticta  is  a  preeminently  littoral  species,  though 
the  Siboga  found  it  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  depths  as  great  as 
73  meters  (40  fathoms).  The  Challenger  dredged  it  southwest  of 
New  Guinea  (lat.  8°  S.,  long.  136°  E.)  in  90  meters  (49  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  NEREIDINA   (Lamark). 

Plate  101,  fig.  1. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  nereidina  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  81;  ('07),  p.  334;  ('10),  p.  294.— H. 
L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  275;   ('15a),  p.  90;   ('16),  p.  91;   ('17),  p.  224. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5108 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon ; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  05'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.) ;  24  meters  (13 
fathoms) ;  January  15,  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  110,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5179;  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Romblon  Light  bear- 
ing S.  56°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  38'  15"  N., 
long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms);  March  25,  1908; 
hrd.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  Ill,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5249;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Lanang  Point  bearing 
N.  1.85  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  06'  06"  N.,  long.  125° 
40'  08"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  May  18, 1908;  Co.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  109,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5254;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Linao  Point  bearing  N. 
44°  E.,  1.29  kilometers  (0.7  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  05'  42"  N.,  long. 
125°  39'  42"  E.) ;  38  meters  (21  fathoms) ;  May  18,  1908;  S.,  Co. 

Two  specimens  (Cat,  No.  E.  112,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.-^-The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  has  three 
branches  and  is  of  the  usual  type  (pi.  101,  fig.  la).  The  tentacle 
scale,  which  is  of  medium  size,  ends  in  a  long  conical  point  sometimes 
replaced  by  two  parallel  and  slightly  shorter  points  (fig.  15). 

Ophiothrix  nereidina  is  very  widely  distributed  in  the  Indo-Pacific 
region  and  has  mostly  been  collected  in  littoral  stations.  The  Siboga, 
however,  found  it  at  various  depths  down  to  45  meters  (27  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  PAVIDA,  new  species. 

Plate  39,  figs.  6,  7. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5179;  in  the  vicinity  of  Romblon; 
Romblon  Light  bearing  S.  56°  E..  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     253 

(lat.  12°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms) ; 
March  25,  1908 ;  hrd  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41018,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. ;  the  arms  are  un- 
fortunately all  broken  off  near  the  base,  and  they  are  not  preserved 
for  a  greater  length  than  7  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded,  with  the  two  surfaces  slightly  convex.  The 
•dorsal  surface  is  covered  between  the  radial  shields,  which  are  of 
medium  size,  with  numerous  plates,  of  which  the  outlines  are  fairly 
evident,  and  which  bear  both  small  club  spines  ending  in  divergent 
.spinules  which  are  rather  thick  at  the  base,  unequal,  and  often  three 
in  number,  and  slender,  sharp,  and  rather  long  true  spines,  provided 
with  fine  denticulations,  which  are  mixed  with  the  club  spines,  and 
are  rather  numerous.  All  intermediate  stages  between  these  spines 
and  the  club  spines  are  found,  especially  toward  the  periphery  of  the 
disk.  The  radial  shields  are  not  very  large,  as  I  have  just  said,  though 
their  length  is  a  little  greater  than  the  radius  of  the  disk;  they  are 
triangular,  in  contact  outwardly,  and  separated  inwardly  by  a  row  of 
plates  bearing  club  spines  or  true  spines.  These  shields  themselves 
carry  on  their  surface  a  certain  number  of  spines  mixed  with  club 
spines. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  its  median  portion  is  covered 
with  rounded  plates,  each  one  bearing  a  club  spine  ending  in  unequal 
spinules  which  are  shorter  than  those  on  the  dorsal  surface.  These 
plates  reach  almost  to  the  bottom  of  the  interradial  areas,  but  they 
leave  naked  a  broad  band  along  the  genital  slits. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular,  with 
the  sides  slightly  excavated,  and  joining  over  a  rather  prominent 
angle  the  apex  of  which  is  rounded;  the  distal  border  is  very 
strongly  convex.  The  adoral' plates  are  rather  small,  broadened  out- 
wardly and  in  contact  inwardly  through  a  narrow  and  rounded 
border.  The  oral  plates  are  high  and  strong.  The  tooth  papillae 
are  arranged  in  several  rows. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large,  quadrangular,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  a  very  narrow  and  straight  proximal  border  and  diver- 
gent and  slightly  excavated  sides ;  the  distal  border  is  very  broad  and 
very  strongly  convex,  and  it  is  sometimes  resolved  into  three  sides 
which  are  united  by  very  obtuse  angles.  All  these  plates  are  in  con- 
tact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  broader  than  long,  with 
the  distal  border  convex.  The  following  are  very  large,  almost  as 
long  as  broad,  with  a  straight  proximal  border,  the  sides  very  slightly 
excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores,  and  passing  over  very  rounded 
angles  to  the  distal  border,  which  is  slightly  convex.  They  are  all 
in  contact. 


254  BULLETIN  100,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  very  strongly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  seven  spines 
and  often  even  eight  at  the  base  of  the  arms ;  these  spines  are  slender, 
tapering  and  pointed,  and  quite  transparent.  The  two  dorsal  spines 
are  very  narrow  and  their  length  exceeds  two  and  a  half  segments; 
they  are  provided  with  small,  well-spaced,  sharp  teeth.  The  other 
lateral  spines  are  thicker  and  shorter,  provided  with  stronger  and 
more  closely  placed  denticulations.  The  length  of  these  spines  in- 
creases from  the  second,  which  is  shorter  than  the  segment,  to  the 
sixth,  which  usually  almost  or  quite  equals  two  segments.  The  first 
ventral  spine  is  extremely  small,  very  short  and  slender,  and  becomes 
converted  into  a  hook  a  few  segments  beyond  the  disk. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small  and  oval. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  of  a  rather  light  pinkish-gray 
color;  the  arms  are  more  red.  I  find  no  special  ornamentation  ex- 
cept upon  the  radial  shields,  which  have  a  purple  line  along  their 
borders.  Along  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms  runs  a  white 
band  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  purple  line ;  there  is  another  wavy 
and  irregular  purple  line  near  the  lateral  borders  of  the  upper  arm 
plates.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  shows  a  broad  median 
white  band  bounded  by  two  somewhat  irregular  and  wavy  purple 
lines ;  the  rest  of  the  surface  of  these  plates  is  pink  with  a  few  purple 
spots.  The  arm  spines  and  the  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  are  faintly  pink  and  always  very  transparent.  The  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  disk  is  dark  brown. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiothrix  pavida  may  be 
compared  with  the  species  of  the  0.  suensoni  group,  although  the 
arms  spines  do  not  have  the  great  length  usually  found  in  that  group. 
It  recalls  especially  O.  proteus  Kcehler,  0.  picteti  Loriol,  and 
O.  comata  Miiller  and  Troschel.  It  differs  from  0.  proteus  in  hav- 
ing the  radial  shields  smaller,  and  sometimes  carrying  large  spines, 
while  the  interradial  spaces  are  very  much  broader,  the  upper  arm 
plates  broader,  the  mouth  shields  longer  and  less  flattened,  and  the 
arm  spines  less  developed.  It  differs  from  0.  comata  in  having  the 
upper  arm  plates  longer  than  broad,  the  under  arm  plates  with  a 
slightly  rounded  distal  border,  the  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  numerous  and  less  elongated,  and  also  passing  onto  the 
radial  shields,  and  the  mouth  shields  longer  and  less  broadened.  It 
differs  from  O.  picteti  in  the  presence  of  club  spines  among  the  spines 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  in  having  the  radial  shields  fur- 
nished with  spines,  the  arm  spines  shorter  (Loriol  says  that  in  O. 
picteti  the  length  of  these  spines  reaches  that  of  five  or  six  segments) , 
and  the  upper  arm  plates  a  little  broader  than  long. 

Its  affinities  with  0.  picteti  seem  to  me  to  be  rather  pronounced, 
and  as  that  species  is  little  known,  I  have  thought  it  well  to  give  here 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      255 

(pi.  41,  figs.  7,  8),  two  photographs  of  a  specimen  from  Amboina,  the 
one  which  I  described  in  1904  (Koehler  '04a,  p.  110). 

Ophiothrix  pavida  may  be  also  compared  with  0.  armata  Kcehler, 
but  it  is  immediately  distinguished  by  its  smaller  radial  shields  which 
are  covered  with  spines,  by  the  entirely  different  form  of  the  upper 
and  under  arm  plates,  by  the  more  slender  arm  spines,  and  by  the 
coloration.  It  differs  still  more  from  O.  virgata  Lyman  in  having 
its  radial  shields  in  contact  outwardly,  in  its  longer  arm  spines,  in 
the  form  of  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates,  and  in  the  coloration, 
which  is  entirely  different. 

OPHIOTHRIX  PLANA  Lyman. 

Plate  38,  figs.  3-5 ;  plate  101,  fig.  2. 

See  for  bibliography  : 
Ophiothrix  plana  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  75. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  276. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5179;  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Eomblon 
Light  bearing  S.  56°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12° 
38'  15"  N.,  long.  122°  12'  30"  E.)  ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms) ;  March 
25,  1908  ;hrd.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41015,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  single  specimen  collected  by  the  Albatross  agrees  very 
well  with  Lyman's  type,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  quite 
naked,  as  may  be  seen  on  the  photograph  which  I  give  of  it  (pi.  38, 
fig.  3).  In  1905  I  described  the  variations  which  this  species  shows 
in  the  armature  of  the  disk,  and  I  include  (fig.  4)  a  figure  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  a  specimen  from  the  Sunda  Islands  in  which  the 
dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  bear  small  conical  granules. 

In  the  Albatross  specimen  the  adoral  plates  are  very  widely  sepa- 
rated from  each  other;  they  broaden  very  much  outwardly,  and  are 
continued  by  a  very  broad  distal  lobe  separating  the  mouth  shields 
from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  distal  border  of  the  first  under 
arm  plates  is*at  first  slightly  convex  and  rounded,  becoming  beyond 
the  disk  rather  strongly  excavated. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  shows  the  usual 
form  with  two  or  three  branches  which  are  always  well  developed 
(pi.  101,  fig.  2#).  The  tentacle  scale  ends  in  a  conical  point  which 
is  rather  broad  at  the  base  (fig.  25). 

The  coloration  of  the  specimen  is  pinkish  gray  on  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms,  as  well  as  on  the  ventral  surface  of 
the  latter;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  a  very  dark  brown  in 
those  portions  which  are  not  covered  with  spines. 

Ophiothrix  plana  is  a  littoral  species  which  has  been  found  in  a 
number  of  localities  in  the  Indian  Ocean ;  the  Siboga  met  with  it  at 
various  depths,  from  the  surface  down  to  54  meters  (30  fathoms). 


256  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIOTHRIX  PROPINQUA   Lyman. 

Plate  38,  figs.  1,  2 ;  plate  101,  fig.  4. 

See  for  bibliography : 

OphiotUrix  propinqua  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  81;    fQ5a),  p.  184;   ('07),  p.  336; 
('07b),  p.  253.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  277. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5108 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  14°  05'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.) ;  24  meters  (13 
fathoms) ;  January  15,  1908 ;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41269,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5321;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  Formosa-; 
Ibugos  Island  (south  end)  bearing  S.  89°  W..  23.16  kilometers  (1.25 
miles)  distant  (lat.  20°  19'  30"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15"  E.) ;  47  meters 
(26  fathoms) ;  November  9,  1908;  wh.  S.,  Co..  brk.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41270,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  from  station  5108  is  in  a  good  state  of  pres- 
ervation, but  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  4  mm. ;  the  two  others 
are  incomplete,  and  in  a  rather  poor  state  of  preservation. 

I  include  a  photograph  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  specimen  from 
station  5108  (pi.  38,  fig.  1) .  The  upper  arm  plates  have  not  quite  the 
same  form  as  those  in  the  specimen  which  I  figured  in  1898,  which 
came  from  the  Andaman  Islands  ('98,  pi.  3.  fig.  20)  ;  the  proximal 
border  is  shorter  than  the  distal,  giving  to  these  plates  a  pronounc- 
edly trapezoidal  shape.  This  is  the  form  which  I  find  in  the  small 
specimens,  while  in  the  larger  the  proximal  border  is  broader  at  the 
base  of  the  arms  becoming  narrow  at  some  distance  from  the  disk. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  in  0.  propinqua 
assumes  a  rather  unexpected  shape  which  recalls  that  which  I  de- 
scribed in  0.  aspidota  and  in  0.  expedita.  Behind  the  terminal  point, 
which  is  not  very  much  developed,  there  are  several  similar,  conical, 
pointed  and  straight  prongs,  which  are  close  together  and  parallel  to 
each  other.  The  number  of  these  prongs  varies  from  six  to  nine 
(pi.  101,  fig.  4c).  The  convex  border  of  the  hook  often  shows  to- 
ward its  extremity  two  or  three  small  asperities. 

The  rather  large  tentacle  scale  ends  in  a  strong  point  (fig.  4&). 

Ophiothrix  plana  and  O.  propinqua  show  a  very  similar  arrange 
ment  of  the  plates  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  and  the  resem  - 
blance  is  further  accentuated  by  the  fact  that  some  specimens  of  O. 
plana  may  bear  small  granules,  while  in  0.  propinqua  the  plates  may 
be  completely  unarmed.  But  the  upper  arm  plates  do  not  have  the 
same  form  in  the  two  species;  their  distal  border  is  very  convex  in 
O.  plana,  while  it  is  almost  straight  in  0.  propinqua,  in  which  species 
it  is  broader  and  often  slightly  trilobed ;  furthermore,  the  spines  of 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     257 

the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  of  the  ventral  surface  are  more  elon- 
gated in  O.  plana,  while  in  0.  propinqua  they  are  shorter  and  resem- 
ble those  usually  borne  on  the  rest  of  the  dorsal  surface,  though  be- 
coming more  closely  crowded;  the  arm  spines  are  more  swollen  in 
0.  plana  in  their  terminal  portion,  where  the  denticulations  are  very 
close  together,  while  in  O.  propinqua  they  are  more  uniform  in  thick- 
ness, with  the  denticulations  more  regularly  distributed.  But  the 
most  important  difference  which  separates  these  two  species  is  found 
in  the  length  of  the  arms  in  relation  to  the  diameter  of  the  disk. 
The  arms  are  very  short  in  0.  plana,  while  they  are  very  long  in 
O.  propinqua.  I  include  for  comparison  photographs  of  two  almost 
complete  specimens  of  0.  propinqua  and  0.  plana,  both  from  the 
Sunda  Islands,  which  show  most  clearly  the  differences  in  the  length 
of  the  arms  (pi.  38,  figs.  2,  5). 

The  very  different  form  of  the  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm 
spine  also  furnishes  an  important  character  permitting  of  the  easy 
separation  of  the  two  species.  The  strong  and  thick  hook  provided 
with  three  small  branches  found  in  0.  plana  can  not  be  confused 
with  the  smaller  hook  furnished  with  from  six  to  ten  small  slender 
and  crowded  points  following  each  other  all  along  its  concave  border 
in  0.  propinqua. 

Ophiothrix  propinqua  is  rather  widely  spread  throughout  the 
whole  Indo-Pacific  region ;  the  Investigator  found  it  at  depths  down 
to  31  meters  (IT  fathoms)  and  the  Siboga  dredged  it  among  the 
Sunda  Islands  in  from  12  to  54  meters  (7  to  30  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  PROSTRATA,  new  species. 

Plate  39,  figs.  1,  2. 

Locality.- — Albatross  station  5342;  Malampaya  Sound,  Palawan 
Island;  Endeavor  Point  (S.)  bearing  S.  58°  E.,  0.93  kilometer  (0.5 
mile)  distant  (lat.  10°  56'  55"  K,  long.  119°  IT'  24"  E.) ;  26-46 
meters  (14-25  fathoms) ;  December  23, 1908;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41023,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. ;  all  the  arms  are 
broken  off  at  a  short  distance  from  the  base ;  they  are  rather  narrow 
and  apparently  they  do  not  reach  any  great  length. 

The  disk  is  rounded;  the  slightly  convex  dorsal  surface  between 
the  very  large  radial  shields  shows  small  imbricated  plates  with  very 
distinct  outlines,  rounded  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk,  but  be- 
coming very  much  longer  in  the  radial  and  interradial  spaces.  In 
the  interradial  spaces  these  plates  form  five  or  six  rows,  but  in  the 
radial  spaces  there  is  only  a  single  row  of  narrow  rectangular  plates 
which  separate  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  throughout  their  whole 
length.  In  general  each  of  these  plates  carries  a  small  cylindrical 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 17 


258  BULLETIN  100,  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

club  spine  of  which  the  tip  is  rounded  and  slightly  broadened,  and 
which  is  provided  with  a  few  very  short  and  very  fine  spinules. 
These  club  spines  become  a  little  shorter  toward  the  periphery  of 
the  disk,  while  on  the  other  hand  their  spinules  become  a  little  more 
developed.  In  the  radial  spaces,  which  are  always  very  narrow,  the 
club  spines  are  very  much  rarer  and  when  they  occur  they  are  ex- 
tremely short.  The  radial  shields  are  very  large,  triangular,  half 
again  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length  is  almost  equal  to  three- 
quarters  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are 
very  close  together,  though  not  in  contact,  and  they  scarcely  diverge 
at  all,  the  two  straight  inner  sides  being  almost  parallel ;  the  external 
border  is  somewhat  sinuous,  and  the  proximal  angle  is  rather  sharp. 
The  surface  of  these  shields  is  entirely  naked. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  occupied  in  part  by  very  small 
rounded  plates  each  of  which  bears  a  club  spine  identical  with  those 
on  the  dorsal  surface,  the  base  of  which  occupies  almost  the  entire 
surface  of  the  plate  which  carries  it.  These  plates  cover  a  triangular 
space  which  reaches  neither  the  mouth  shields  nor  the  genital  slits. 
These  latter  are  rather  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  triangular,  broader  than  long,  with 
a  rather  prominent  but  rounded  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two 
slightly  concave  sides;  these  pass  over  by  rounded  angles  to  the 
distal  border,  which  is  convex  and  shows  in  the  middle  a  very  small 
rounded  lobe.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  tri- 
angular and  their  proximal  apex  is  very  close  to  the  median  inter- 
radial  line,  but  it  does  not  quite  reach  its  fellow;  the  very  broad- 
ened base  of  these  plates  sends  off  a  narrow  process  which  separates 
the  mouth  shields  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are 
rather  broad,  but  only  slightly  elevated.  The  tooth  papillae  form  two 
very  regular  lateral  rows,  bounding  three  other  rows  which  are  very 
much  more  irregular. 

The  rather  small  upper  arm  plates  are  as  broad  as  long,  or  even 
slightly  longer  than  broad.  They  are  almost  lozenge-shaped,  with 
a  truncated  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  sides ;  the  two 
other  sides  are  slightly  convex  and  they  are  united  over  a  rather 
obtuse  and  rounded  distal  angle.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  rectangular,  with  the 
sides  convex ;  the  proximal  border,  which  is  slightly  rounded,  is  nar- 
rower than  the  distal  border,  which  is  straight.  The  following 
plates  are  large,  rectangular,  longer  than  broad,  with  the  proximal 
border  straight  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  distal  border,  which  is 
slightly  concave ;  the  sides  are  somewhat  divergent  and  slightly  exca- 
vated ;  the  lateral  angles  are  rounded.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact. 


0PHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     259 

The  slightly  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  at  the  base  of  the 
eight  arm  spines.  The  three  first  ventral  spines  are  very  short, 
and  the  length  increases  from  the  fourth,  which  almost  equals  a  seg- 
ment, to  the  last,  which  is  as  long  as  two  segments.  The  three  first 
ventral  spines  have  a  rugose  surface,  and  the  first  is  transformed  into 
a  hook  a  few  segments  beyond  the  disk.  From  the  fourth  to  the 
penultimate  the  spines  show  in  their  distal  half  conical,  pointed,  and 
stout  denticulations,  which  become  more  closely  crowded  toward  the 
tip;  this  tip  has  almost  the  same  thickness  as  the  rest  of  the  spine. 
But  the  last  dorsal  spine  tapers  gradually  to  the  tip  and  only  shows 
slightly  developed  and  well-spaced  denticulations.  All  these  spines 
are  glassy  and  very  transparent. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small,  oval,  and  a  little  longer  than  broad. 

The  general  color  is  a  light  greenish  gray ;  the  radial  shields  have 
a  few  gray-blue  spots,  and  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  also  show  a 
few  small  and  barely  evident  spots.  The  upper  arm  plates  are 
studded  with  elongated  dark-blue  spots,  which  tend  to  arrange  them- 
selves in  three  irregular  and  interrupted  longitudinal  lines,  one 
median  and  two  lateral.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the 
parts  covered  with  plates  is  light  gray,  but  the  naked  regions  are 
dark  brown ;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  is  light  gray ;  the  under 
arm  plates  show  a  median  band  which  is  lighter  than  the  lateral 
portions,  but  the  difference  in  the  coloration  is  scarcely  noticeable. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — OphiotJirix  prostrata  seems  to 
me  to  be  near  0.  plana,  and  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  have  an  arrangement  very  much  like  that  seen  in  that  species, 
but  they  are  provided  with  cylindrical  club  spines  and  the  radial 
shields  are  relatively  larger  than  in  0.  plana;  the  arm  spines  are 
provided  with  denticulations  only  in  their  distal  half,  though  this 
portion  of  the  spines  is  not  broadened.  There  is  also  a  rather  close 
similarity  to  0.  liodisca  recently  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  ('15,  p. 
273,  pi.  12,  fig.  3)  from  Torres  Straits.  This  species  is  placed  by 
the  author  near  the  genus  Ophiotrichoides,  but  it  seems  to  me  clearly 
to  belong  to  the  group  of  0.  plana;  judging  from  H.  L.  Clark's 
photograph  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  is 
identical  with  that  shown  in  this  species ;  the  arm  spines  are  slightly 
broadened  in  their  terminal  portion,  which  bears  denticulations;  on 
the  other  hand,  0.  liodisca  differs  sharply  from  O.  plana  in  its  very 
long  arms.  OphiotJirix  prostrata  is  distinguished  from  0.  liodisca 
by  the  same  characters  which  differentiate  it  from  O.  plana.  The 
form  of  the  arm  spines  and  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates 
of  the  disk  bring  O.  prostrata  near  0.  foveolata,  but  it  differs  from 
it  at  once  in  the  presence  of  small  club-spines  instead  of  true  spines 
on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  in  the  elongated  upper  and  under 
arm  plates,  in  its  larger  mouth  shields,  and  in  its  coloration.  There 


260  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

is  also  some  resemblance  between  our  species  and  0.  poecilodisca 
recently  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  from  specimens  from  Zanzibar 
(15,  p.  276,  pi.  13,  fig.  5).  The  arrangement  of  the  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  recalls  that  of  0.  prostrata,  with  more 
slender  spines  and  smaller  radial  shields.  H.  L.  Clark  says  that  the 
arm  spines  are  slender,  smooth  and  pointed,  and  sometimes  stouter, 
with  the  extremity  thickened  and  spinulose;  the  upper  and  under 
arm  plates  are  broader  than  long.  The  general  red  color,  with  a 
beautiful  color  pattern,  is  entirely  different  from  that  of  0.  prostrata. 

OPHIOTHRIX  PROTEUS  Kochler. 

Plate  36,  figs.  3,  4 ;  plate  101,  fig.  3. 

See  for  bibliography : 

OpUothrix  proteus  KCEHLEE  ('05),  p.  100;  ('07),  p.  336.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15), 
p.  277. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5152;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Pajumajan  Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  2°  W.,  3.71 
kilometers  (2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  22'  55"  K,  long.  120°  15'  45" 
E.) ;  62  meters  (34  fathoms) ;  February  18, 1908;  wh.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  152,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5432;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity;  Corandagos 
Island  (NW.)  bearing  N.  30°  E.,  10.56  kilometers  (5.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  37'  50"  N.,  long.  120°  12'  00"  E.)  ;  93  meters  (51  fathoms) ; 
April  8, 1909 ;  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  151,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  the  specimen  from  station  5432  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
is  5  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  about  50  mm.  in  length ;  in  the  other  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  almost  7  mm.,  but  the  arms  are  very 
incomplete. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  is  rather  narrow 
and  somewhat  elongated;  it  shows  three  or  four  branches,  the  first 
stouter  than  the  others  (pi.  101,  fig.  3^).  The  tentacle  scale  (fig.  3<?) 
is  elongated  and  shows  on  its  free  border  a  few  spines  one  of  which 
is  usually  more  developed  than  the  others. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5152  the  coloration  agrees  with  that 
which  I  have  described,  and  all  along  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the 
arms  there  extends  a  white  band  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  nar- 
rower purple  line.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  shows  a  broad 
white  line,  which  also  extends  the  whole  length  of  the  arms  and  which 
Is  bordered  by  a  somewhat  irregular  broad  pink  band. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5152  the  white  band  which  extends 
along  the  median  line  of  the  arms  is  extremely  narrow,  and  it  is  often 
interrupted  toward  the  proximal  and  distal  borders  of  each  upper  arm 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      261 

plate ;  it  is  bordered  on  either  side  by  a  very  much  broader  dark  green 
line.  It  might  be  said  just  as  well  that  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the 
arms  throughout  its  whole  length  is  occupied  by  a  dark  green  band 
with  a  light  line  in  the  middle.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  and 
of  the  arms  shows  the  same  coloration  as  that  of  the  specimen  from 
station  5432. 

I  include  two  photographs  of  this  latter  which  will  supplement  the 
schematic  figures  which  I  published  in  1898  (pi.  36,  figs.  3,  4). 

Ophiothrix  proteus  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator  at  Pointe 
de  Galle,  Ceylon,  in  34  fathoms;  the  Siboga  found  the  species  again 
in  numerous  localities  among  the  Sunda  Islands  from  the  surface 
down  to  83  meters  (46  fathoms)  ;  the  Paris  Museum  possesses  a  speci- 
men from  New  Caledonia. 

OPHIOTHRIX  PURPUREA  Martens. 

Plate  58,  figs.  3,  4 ;  plate  101,  fig.  6. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  purpurea   KCEHLEB    ('05),   p.   102;    ('07a),   p.   336;    (J07b),   p. 
253.— H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  277.  " 

Localities — Albatross  station  5108;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  05'  05"  V.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.) ;  24  meters  (13 
fathoms) ;  January  15,  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41258,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5179;  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Romblon  Light  bear- 
ing S.  56°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  38'  15"  N., 
long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms);  March  25.  1908; 
hrd.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41260,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5257;  southern  Mindanao,  eastern  Illana  Bay; 
Utara  Point,  Bongo  Island,  bearing  N.  88°  W.,  14.27  kilometers  (7.7 
miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  22'  12"  N.,  long.  124°  12'  15"  E.) ;  51  meters 
(28  fathoms)  ;  May  22,  1908;  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41259,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — All  the  Albatross  specimens  are  of  small  size ;  in  the  larg- 
est, which  is  that  from  station  5179,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
only  5  mm. 

I  include  photographs  of  a  specimen  from  the  Sunda  Islands  from 
my  own  collection,  which  will  show  the  form  of  the  radial  shields  and 
of  the  upper  arm  plates,  the  outlines  of  which  do  not  appear  clearly 
in  the  photographs  which  Doderlein  published  in  1899  ('99,  pi.  17, 
fig.  23) ;  these  photographs  will  permit  the  easy  appreciation  of  the 
differences  which  separate  O.  purpurea  from  O.  lepida. 


262  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  hook  which  represents  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  is  rather 
stout,  provided  with  two  or  three  thick  and  stout  points,  and  con- 
forms to  the  type  most  frequent  among  the  species  of  Ophiothrix  (pi. 
101,  fig.  6c).  The  tentacle  scale  is  large  and  stout,  somewhat  elon- 
gated, and  terminates  in  a  stout  point  which  is  broad  at  the  base 
and  very  sharp  (fig.  Qd). 

OpMothrix  purpurea  has  been  met  with  in  a  number  of  localities 
in  the  Indo-Pacific  region,  among  the  Sunda  Islands,  at  New  Cale- 
donia, on  the  southwest  coasts  of  Australia,  at  Madagascar,  etc.  It  is 
a  littoral  species,  though  the  Siboga  dredged  it  at  very  varying 
depths  down  to  113  meters  (62  fathoms),  and  one  specimen  from 
station  65a  (lat.  7°  S.,  long.  120°  34'  E.)  bears  a  label  reading  400  to 
120  meters  (220  to  68  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  PUSILLA  Lyman. 

Plate  40,  figs.  6,  7 ;  plate  101,  fig.  8. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  pusilla  KCEHLEE  ('05),  p.  85,  pi.  9,  fig.  7;   ('07),  p.  337. — H.  I/. 
CLARK  ('15),  p.  278. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5158;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago; 
Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Tinakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  1ST.  89°  W.,  3.52 
kilometers  (1.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  12'  00"  N.,  long.  119°  54'  30" 
E.) ;  22  meters  (12  fathoms) ;  February  21,  1908;  crs.  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  4095T,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5215;  east  of  Masbate  Island;  Palanog  Light 
bearing  S.  5°  30'  E.,  15.75  kilometers  (8.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  31' 
30"  N.,  long.  123°  35'  24"  E.) ;  1,105  meters  (604  fathoms)  ;  April  21, 
1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5218;  between  Burias  and  Luzon;  Anima  Sola 
Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  10°  W.,  3.71  kilometers  (2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  11'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  02'  45"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms)  ; 
April  22,  1908 ;  crs.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40954,  40956,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5249 ;  Gulf  of  Davao ;  Laneng  Point  bearing  N. 
1.85  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  06'  06"  N.,  long.  125°  40' 
08"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  May  18,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40955,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5400;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  77°  W.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  24' 
24"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  30"  E.) ;  46  meters  (25  fathoms) ;  May  16, 
1909  ;S.  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40958,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     263 

Notes. — Although  Ophiothrix  pusilla  is  easily  recognizable,  I  have 
thought  it  well  to  include  two  photographs  of  the  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5249,  which  will  supplement  the  figures  published  by  Lyman  and 
by  myself. 

The  hook  representing  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  has  two  or  three 
branches  and  does  not  show  any  distinctive  character  (pi.  101,  fig. 
8&).  The  tentacle  scale  is  very  small,  and  terminates  in  a  very  long 
point  (fig.  Sa). 

Ophiothrix  pmilla  is  an  essentially  littoral  species  which  has  been 
found  in  many  localities  in  the  Indo-Pacific  region.  The  Siboga 
dredged  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  depths  between  22  and  54 
meters  (12  to  30  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  SIGNATA,  new  species. 

Plate  36,  figs.  1,  2. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5140;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  S.  33°  W.,  11.30  kilometers  (6.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  08' 
45"  N.,  long.  121°  03'  00"  E.) ;  139  meters  (76  fathoms) ;  February 
14,  1908  ;fne.  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41069,  U.  S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  11  mm. ;  the  arms  are 
unfortunately  all  broken  off  at  the  base  and  the  longest  is  preserved 
for  a  length  of  17  mm.  only. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal.  Between  the  radial  shields,  which  are  very 
large,  the  dorsal  surface  shows  numerous  small,  thickened,  rounded 
plates  with  a  swollen  surface ;  each  of  these  plates  bears  either  a  rather 
elongated  and  cylindrical  club  spine  ending  in  a  few  short,  unequal, 
and  divergent  spinules,  or  a  true  spine  of  greater  or  lesser  length. 
Intermediates  of  all  types  between  the  club  spines  and  the  true  spines 
may  be  found;  the  true  spines  are  slender,  provided  with  fine  and 
pointed  denticulations,  irregularly  arranged,  and  their  points  usually 
bear  two  or  three  small  and  very  short  spinules.  The  true  spines  are 
especially  found  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk  and  in  the  inter- 
radial  spaces ;  they  disappear  toward  the  periphery,  where  only  club 
spines  occur;  they  are  also  absent  from  the  radial  spaces.  These 
spaces,  which  are  very  narrow,  are  occupied  by  two  rows  of  plates 
each  of  which  bears  its  little  club  spine.  At  the  periphery  of  the 
disk  the  plates  tend  to  separate  from  each  other ;  they  are  scarcely  in 
contact,  and  they  begin  to  assume  the  characters  which  they  show 
on  the  ventral  surface.  The  radial  shields  are  very  large,  triangular, 
very  much  longer  than  broad,  and  their  length  equals  two-thirds  the 
radius  of  the  disk.  Their  surface  is  naked  except  for  a  row  of  small 
club  spines  near  and  parallel  to  their  radial  border.  The  two  shields 
of  each  pair  are  very  close  to  each  other,  but  they  are  never  in  con- 


264  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

tact,  even  at  their  distal  angle;  their  internal  borders  are  always 
parallel  with  each  other  for  their  whole  length. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  partly  naked.  Passing  over  the 
sides  of  the  disk  the  dorsal  plates  become  less  closely  crowded,  and 
when  they  reach  the  ventral  surface  they  are  entirely  separated  from 
each  other;  these  plates,  which  are  unequal,  then  assume  a  rounded 
form  and  they  reach  neither  the  mouth  shields  nor  the  genital  slits ; 
their  dimensions  diminish  toward  the  mouth  shields,  but  this  diminu- 
tion does  not  occur  in  a  regular  manner.  Each  plate  carries  a  cylin- 
drical club  spine  similar  to  those  on  the  dorsal  surface,  but  the 
spinules  at  the  tip  become  shorter  and  shorter,  and  finally  the  club 
spine  ends  in  a  simply  rugose  point.  The  genital  slits  are  very  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  triangular,  very  much  broader  than  long, 
with  a  very  rounded  proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  straight  or 
slightly  concave  sides;  the  lateral  angles  are  rounded  and  the  distal 
border  is  slightly  convex  with  a  tendency  to  form  a  very  small  lobe 
in  the  midde.  The  adoral  plates,  which  are  rather  thick,  are  tri- 
angular ;  they  taper  inwardly  and  are  not  in  contact  in  the  median 
interradial  line ;  they  are  much  broadened  outwardly  and  send  off  a 
process  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate. 
The  oral  plates  are  very  high.  The  tooth  papillae  are  arranged  in 
five  rather  regular  rows. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  large,  lozenge-shaped,  with  the  four 
sides  subequal ;  they  are  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal 
angle  obtuse  and  the  distal  angle  rounded;  the  lateral  angles  are 
rather  sharp.  These  plates  are  strongly  carinate,  and  the  keel  forms 
a  narrow  and  very  prominent  line.  They  are  all  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  pentagonal,  with  the  proximal  angle 
very  rounded  and  bounded  by  two  slightly  excavated  sides;  the 
lateral  borders  are  convex  and  they  pass  over  by  very  rounded  angles 
to  the  distal  border,  which  is  almost  straight.  The  following  plates 
are  large,  quadrangular,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  proximal 
border  slightly  concave,  and  the  distal  border  convex  and  rather 
broadened;  the  sides  are  slightly  excavated.  All  these  plates  are 
in  contact. 

The  projecting  side  arm  plates  carry  ten  arm  spines  at  the  base  of 
the  arms,  the  number  falling  to  eight  and  then  to  seven.  The  two 
first  ventral  spines  remain  rather  short,  and  especially  very  slender  ; 
their  dimensions  then  increase  rapidly  from  the  third,  the  length  of 
which  equals  or  exceeds  two  segments,  but  which  remains  rather 
slender,  to  the  penultimate  dorsal,  which  may  reach  a  length  of  eight 
segments;  the  last  spine  is  shorter.  These  spines  are  fine,  trans- 
parent, and  provided  with  rather  small  pointed  teeth  which  are  very 
close  together  and  regularly  arranged.  The  two  lateral  rows  of 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     265 

arm  spines  always  remain  separated  by  a  rather  broad  interval  from 
the  base  of  the  arms  outward. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  large,  elongated,  half  again  as  long  as  broad, 
with  the  tip  somewhat  broadened  and  provided  with  two  or  three 
small  spinules. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  pinkish  gray ;  the  radial  shields 
are  studded  with  small  rounded  spots  of  a  rather  light  brownish 
purple ;  some  similar,  though  very  much  smaller,  spots  occur  on  the 
plates  in  the  radial  spaces  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  in  the 
interradial  spaces  these  spots  are  very  much  broader  and  may  cover 
the  whole  surface  of  the  plates.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  ex- 
tremely dark  in  color,  a  very  dark  green,  almost  black ;  this  colora- 
tion extends  to  the  whole  space  included  between  the  two  lateral  rows 
of  spines,  that  is  to  say,  to  the  upper  arm  plates  and  to  the  adjacent 
portions  of  the  side  arm  plates,  in  such  a  way  as  to  form  a  very  broad 
band,  but  the  width  of  this  band  diminishes  somewhat  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  disk.  The  most  projecting  part  of  the  dorsal  keel  is 
marked  by  a  somewhat  lighter  and  extremely  narrow  line  which  is 
bounded  by  two  darker  and  also  extremely  narrow  lines;  sometimes 
this  triple  line  can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  the  very  dark  gen- 
eral coloration  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms.  The  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  disk  shows  a  very  dark  brown  coloration  in  the  parts  not 
covered  with  plates,  but  the  plates  themselves  are  of  a  pinkish  gray. 
The  mouth  pieces  and  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  are  of  this  same 
pinkish  gray  coloration ;  a  somewhat  darker  band  brownish  in  color 
runs  all  along  this  ventral  surface  on  Cither  side  and  at  some  distance 
from  the  median  line,  almost  following  the  sides  of  the  under  arm 
plates,  and  it  forms  a  rounded  spot  rear  the  proximal  border  of  each 
of  these  plates. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiothrix  signata  belongs  to 
the  O.  suensoni  group  and  appears  to  be  especially  close  to  0.  viridi- 
alba  Martens ;  unfortunately  the  description  which  Martens  gave  of 
this  species  is  very  short,  and  is  not  accompanied  by  figures;  it  is 
very  difficult,  therefore,  to  form  an  exact  idea  of  it.  However,  certain 
characters  attributed  by  Martens  to  O.  viricli-alba  do  not  agree  with 
those  which  I  find  in  my  species.  The  radial  shields  are  completely 
unarmed,  the  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  longer  than  broad,  are 
slightly  carinate,  and  the  arm  spines  number  four  or  five;  while 
in  O.  signata  the  radial  shields  bear  a  row  of  club  spines  along  their 
radial  border,  the  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  slightly  broader  than 
long,  are  very  strongly  carinate,  and  the  arm  spines  are  very  much 
more  numerous.  Regarding  the  coloration,  Martens  says  that  the 
upper  arm  plates  are  "  lebhaft  griin,"  while  the  coloration  is  so  dark 
in  0.  signata  that  it  appears  almost  black. 


266  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

In  the  key  to  the  species  of  OphiotJirix  which  he  published  in  the 
Challenger  reports  Lyman  (p.  218)  attributes  to  0.  viridi-alba  nine 
to  ten  arm  spines,  without  giving  any  reference  except  to  Martens' 
description;  also  I  do  not  at  all  understand  what  this  same  author 
means  by  "  tentacle  scale  running  along  outer  edge  of  arm  plate." 
Does  this  mean  that  the  tentacle  scale  is  attached  along  the  border  of 
the  under  arm  plate,  which  is  nothing  remarkable  and  is  scarcely 
worth  the  trouble  of  recording  in  a  synoptic  table,  or  has  Lyman 
wished  to  indicate  that  the  tentacle  scale,  running  along  the  external 
border  of  the  arm  plate,  reaches  the  length  of  the  latter?  That  is 
what  I  can  not  understand.  However  that  may  be,  0.  signata  seems 
to  me  very  distinct  from  O.  viridi-alba  for  the  reasons  which  I  have 
just  given. 

OPHIOTHRIX  SPINOSISSIMA  Kcehler. 

Plate  57,  figs.  1,  2,  7 ;  plate  101,  fig.  5. 

OphiotJirix   spinosissima  KCEHLER    ('05),   p.  104,   pi.   11,   figs.   3-5. — H.   L. 
CLARK    ('15),  p.   282. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5108 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon ; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  05'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.) ;  24  meters  (13 
fathoms) ;  January  15,  1908 ;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41282,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5165;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi 
Group;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  70°  W.,  11.86  kilometers  (6.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  58'  20"  N.,  long.  119°  50'  30"  E.) ;  16  meters 
(9  fathoms)  ;  February  24,  1908 ;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41281,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  two  specimens  are  of  small  size,  as  was  also  the  type 
upon  which  I  established  this  species;  in  the  specimen  from  station 
5108,  which  is  almost  complete,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  4  mm.,  and 
the  arms  are  about  20  mm.  long ;  the  other  specimen  is  a  little  smaller, 
and  the  arms  are  preserved  for  a  lesser  length. 

In  the  first  individual  the  radial  shields  are  very  large,  a  little 
larger  than  the  second,  and  the  covering  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  consists  chiefly  of  club  spines  ending  in  long  and  fine  spinules, 
while  the  true  spines  are  not  at  all  numerous ;  perhaps  a  certain  num- 
ber of  the  latter  have  been  torn  away.  In  the  specimen  from  station 
5165,  on  the  other  hand,  the  true  spines  are  very  numerous ;  they  are 
very  long  and  very  fine,  pointed  at  the  tip  and  denticulate  through- 
out their  whole  length. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  elongated,  lozenge  shape,  relatively  a 
litttle  broader  in  the  specimen  from  station  5108  than  in  the  other, 
and  they  are  perceptibly  elevated,  or  better  thickened,  in  their  distal 
region.  The  under  arm  plates  are  much  elongated  and  strongly 
notched  on  their  distal  border. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEKS.     267 

The  hook  which  represents  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  is  strongly 
developed  and  robust  almost  to  the  base  of  the  arms ;  it  carries  three 
large  thick  spines ;  the  two  first  are  almost  of  the  same  size,  and  the 
third  is  a  little  stouter  (pi.  101,  fig.  5d).  The  tentacle  scale,  which  is 
very  small,  ends  in  a  long  point  and  recalls  that  of  O.  pusilla  (e). 

The  coloration  of  the  two  specimens  from  the  Philippines  is 
slightly  different  from  that  of  the  Sib  ago,  specimen  which  served  me 
for  the  type  of  the  species ;  as  a  whole  the  general  coloration  is  gray 
with  blue  spots.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5108  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  is  gray,  with  a  rounded  blue  spot  on  each  radial  shield ; 
this  spot  is  very  close  to  the  internal  border  and  the  distal  angle  of 
the  shield.  Each  upper  arm  plate  regularly  shows  at  its  base  and  on 
either  side  of  the  median  line  a  small  blue  spot,  and  there  is  further 
an  indication  of  a  white  median  line  bordered  by  darker  areas  ex- 
tending throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  arms.  The  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  disk  is  dark  brown,  and  the  arms  are  yellowish  gray  with- 
out blue  spots. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5165  the  blue  markings  are  more 
accentuated.  Each  radial  shield  bears  a  large  blue  spot  toward  its 
distal  angle,  and  within  this  there  is  another  smaller.  The  dorsal 
surface  of  the  arms  shows  broad  blue  transverse  striae  which  cover 
the  proximal  part  of  the  upper  arm  plates  and  of  the  side  arm  plates. 
The  ventral  surface  shows  the  same  coloration  as  in  the  other;  in 
both  the  spines  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  are  gray. 

Ophiothrix  spinosissima  was  discovered  by  the  Siboga  at  Lombock 
and  Banda  at  depths  between  9  and  36  meters  (5  to  20  fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  STELLIGERA  Lyman. 

Plate  53,  figs.  1-5 ;  plate  54,  figs.  1-6 ;  plate  55,  figs.  1-4 ;  plate  56,  figs.  4-7 ; 

plate  102,  figs.  2-3. 

See  for  bibliography  and  synonymy : 
Ophiothrix  stelliffera  KCEHLEE  ('05),  p.  87;   ('07b),  p.  253;   ('10),  p.  294.— 

MACINTOSH  ('11),  p.  163.— H.  L.  CLAEK  ('14),  p.  153;   ('15),  p.  279. 
Ophiothrix  ciliaris  KCEHLEB  ('04a),  p.  100. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5131;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Sea,  off  western 
Mindanao ;  island  off  Panabutan  Point  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  0.74  kilo- 
meter (0.4  mile)  distant;  49  meters  (27  fathoms) ;  February  6, 1908; 
gn.  M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat  No.  41033,  U.S.N.M.). 

A  Ibatross  station  5138 ;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo ;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  19°  E.,  4.63  kilometers  (2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  00"  N.,  long. 
120°  58'  50"  E.) ;  35  meters  (19  fathoms) ;  February  14, 1908 ;  S.,  Co. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41030,  U.S.N.M.). 


268  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5139;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  51°  W.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  00"  N., 
long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) :  February  14,  1908; 
co.  S. 

Thirty-four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41019,  41031,  E.  130,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5141 ;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo ;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  17°  E.,  10.19  kilometers  (5.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  09'  00"  N., 
long.  120°  58'  00"  E.) ;  53  meters  (29  fathoms)  ;  February  15,  1908; 
co.  S. 

Fifty-seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41040,  41045,  E.  132,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5142;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  50°  W.,  7.23  kilometers  (3.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  10"  N.,  long. 
121°  02'  40"  E.) ;  38  meters  (21  fathoms) ;  February  15,  1908;  co. 
S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41034,  41036,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5143 ;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo ;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  50°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  05'  50"  N., 
long.  121°  02'  15"  E.) ;  35  meters  (19  fathoms)  ;  February  15,  1908; 
co.  S. 

Two  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5144;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  50°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  05'  50"  N.,  long. 
121°  02'  15"  E.) ;  35  meters  (19  fathoms) ;  February  15,  1908;  co.  S. 

Fourteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41028,  41041,  E.  135,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5145;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing 
S.  16°  E.,  1.57  kilometers  (0.85  mile)  distant  (lat.  6°  04'  30"  N., 
long.  120°  59'  30"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  February  15,  1908; 
co.  S.,  Sh. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41027,  41042,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5146;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  18°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  46'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  48'  50"  E.) ;  44  meters 
(24  fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Fourteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  129,  E.  134,  E.  138,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Siasi; 
Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilometers  (8.4  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ;  38  meters  (21 
fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Twenty-six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41039,  41044,  E.  133,  E.  139.  E. 
141,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5148;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Siasi; 
Sirun  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  -80°  W.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  35'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  30"  E.) ;  31  meters  (17 
fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEPvS.     269 

Albatross  station  5149;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Siasi; 
Sirun  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  4.45  kilometers  (2.4  miles) 
distant  (lat,  5°  33'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  42'  10"  E.) ;  16  meters  (10 
fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908;  Co.,  Sh. 

A  few  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5153;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Tocanhi  Point  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  3.89  kilometers  (2.1  miles)  distant 
(lat.  5°  18'  10"  N.,  long.  120°  02'  55"  E.) ;  90  meters  (49  fathoms) ; 
February  19,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41020,  41029,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5158;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Tin- 
akta  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  89°  W.,  3.52  kilometers  (1.9  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  5°  12'  00"  N.,  long.  119°  54'  30"  E.) ;  22i  meters  (12 
fathoms) ;  February  21, 1908 ;  crs.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41035  U.S.NM.). 

Albatross  station  5163;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Ob- 
servation Island  bearing  N.  79°  W.,  12.41  kilometers  (6.7  miles) 
distant  (lat.  4°  59'  10"  N.,  long.  119°  51'  00"  E.) ;  51  meters  (28 
fathoms) ;  February  24,  1908 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41022,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5164;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Ob- 
servation Island  bearing  S.  82°  W.,  14.82  kilometers  (8  miles)  distant 
(lat.  5°  01'  40"  N.,  long.  119°  52'  20"  E.)  ;  33  meters  (18  fathoms) ; 
February  24,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41038  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5174;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  E., 
4.81  kilometers  (2.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120° 
57'  00"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms)  ;  March  5, 1908 ;  crs.  S. 

Eleven  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  137,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5248;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Lanang  Point  bearing  S. 
33°  W.,  0.74  kilometer  (0.4  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  07'  25"  -N.,  long. 
125°  40'  24"  E.)  ;  33  meters  (18  fathoms) ;  May  18,  1908;  Co. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41037,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5554;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian  Point 
(Jolo)  bearing  N.  76°  E.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  5° 
52'  27"  N.,  long.  120°  52'  18"  E.) ;  46  meters  (25  fathoms) ;  Sep- 
tember 18, 1909 ;  Co.,  S. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  136,  U.S.N.M.). 

Marongas;  canal  head;  shore;  October  2,  1908. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  140,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41032,  41043,  U.S.N.M.). 

No  locality. 

One  specimen. 


270  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Notes. — I  refer  numerous  specimens  to  OpJiiothrix  stelligera,  of 
which  the  Albatross  has  collected  a  very  fine  and  very  interesting 
series  showing  the  very  considerable  variations  to  which  this  species 
is  subject,  especially  in  regard  to  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  my  photographs  on  plate 
53,  figures  2,  3,  with  those  on  plate  55,  figures  1,  4,  showing  the  ex- 
tremes of  which  the  intermediate  types  are  represented  in  various 
figures  on  plates  53-56.  I  have  thought  it  well  to  include  photo- 
graphs of  a  rather  large  number  of  specimens  in  order  to  facilitate 
the  determination  of  this  species  which  is  not  always  easy  to  recog- 
nize because  of  its  variations.  The  coloration  also  shows  rather 
considerable  differences. 

As  was  determined  by  Lyman,  Ophiothrix  stelligera  is  especially 
characterized  by  having  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  covered  with 
club  spines  ending  in  a  crown  of  five  or  six  slightly  divergent  and 
very  regular  spinules,  an  arrangement  to  which  the  species  owes  its 
name ;  these  club  spines  may  pass  over  onto  the  radial  shields,  where 
they  are  usually  less  closely  crowded  than  on  the  rest  of  the  disk, 
and  true  spines  may  occur  among  them.  The  arrangement  of  the 
arm  spines  and  the  shape  of  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates  have 
been  described  by  Lyman,  by  Doderlein,  and  by  myself  (see  Kcehler 
'05,  p.  87).  I  am  figuring  a  certain  number  of  individuals  in  which 
the  dorsal  surface  is  covered  exclusively  with  club  spines,  coming 
from  the  following  stations:  Station  5142  (pi.  54,  fig.  3);  station 
5145  (pi.  54,  figs.  1,  2) ;  station  5146  (pi.  56,  fig.  7) ;  station  5147 
(pi.  53,  fig.  2) ;  and  "  Philippines"  (pi.  53,  fig.  4).  These  examples 
are  quite  typical.  The  same  is  true  of  numerous  others  in  which  true 
spines,  which  are  usually  rather  rare,  are  intermixed  with  the  club 
spines;  of  this  type  are  the  specimens  from  stations  5146  (pi.  55, 
fig.  3)  and  5147  (pi.  53,  fig.  5,  and  pi.  56,  fig.  4).  In  all  these  speci- 
mens the  -  few  true  spines  are  relatively  little  developed,  remaining 
slender  and  rather  short.  But  in  others  these  spines  may  be  more 
developed,  either  in  numbers  or  in  dimensions;  this  occurs  for  ex- 
ample in  the  specimen  from  station  5141  (pi.  54,  figs.  4,  5),  and  espe- 
cially in  those  from  station  5144  (pi.  55,  figs.  1,  2),  in  which  these 
spines  are  very  numerous  and  very  stout,  and  are  provided  with  very 
evident  denticulations.  The  covering  formed  by  these  spines  gives 
the  disk  an  appearance  very  different  from  that  which  is  usually 
seen  in  O.  stelligera.  It  does  not  seem  to  me  possible,  however,  to 
separate  these  specimens  specifically  from  those  in  which  the  spines 
are  smaller  and  less  numerous,  or  even  completely  lacking,  for  I  find 
all  possible  intermediates.  The  radial  shields  may  also  show  rathei 
important  variations,  both  in  their  size  and  in  their  covering ;  some- 
times they  are  covered  with  club  spines  almost  as  closely  placed  as^ 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     271 

over  the  rest  of  the  disk,  and  their  outlines  are  scarcely  evident  (pi. 
53,  fig.  5;  pi.  54,  fig.  3) ;  sometimes  the  club  spines  are  less  numerous 
(pi.  54,  figs.  1,  2 ;  pi.  55,  figs.  3,  4) ,  and  in  this  case  the  radial  shields 
usually  become  very  large,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  last  example ;  in  this 
also  the  variations  may  be  very  considerable. 

The  microsopic  examination  of  isolated  club  spines  from  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  shows  that  the  spinules  which  surround  them 
have  not  such  equal  dimensions  nor  so  regular  an  arrangement  as 
would  be  supposed  from  the  examination  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  entire  animal.  I  give  (pi.  102,  figs.  2a  and  &)  photographs  of  a 
rather  large  number  of  club  spines  from  different  individuals,  and  it 
may  be  seen  on  some  of  them  that  the  spinules  of  the  same  club  spine 
are  not  always  of  the  same  length  and  of  the  same  diameter.  These 
differences  do  not  appear  when  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  cov- 
ered with  club  spines  which  are  always  very  closely  crowded  and  of 
which  the  spinules  are  more  or  less  interlocked,  is  examined,  even 
under  the  microscope;  the  general  appearance  in  direct  view  gives 
to  the  club  spines  a  regularly  stellate  appearance  to  which  the  species 
owes  its  name,  and  which  is  similar  to  that  figured  by  Doderlein 
{'96,  pi.  14,  fig.  9a). 

The  study  of  the  true  spines  which  are  sometimes  mixed  with  the 
club  spines  in  0.  stelligera  has  brought  out  in  a  certain  number  of 
them  a  very  curious  and  quite  unexpected  character.  These  spines 
are  sometimes  bifurcated,  and  I  find  on  the  same  specimen  spines 
which  remain  simple  and  others  which  are  bifurcated.  These  latter 
are  always  less  numerous  than  the  others,  and  moreover  they  are 
not  found  on  all  individuals.  I  give  photographs  of  some  of  these 
bifurcated  spines  (pi.  102,  fig.  2/).  It  is  seen  that  the  bifurcation 
occurs  always  very  near  the  base,  and  the  two  branches,  which  are 
parallel  to  each  other,  remain  very  close  together.  Both  of  them 
reach  almost  the  same  length,  and  the  variations  which  are  found 
in  this  respect  are  insignificant.  The  length  of  the  bifurcated  spines 
is  the  same  as  that  of  the  simple  spines,  and  the  structure  is  quite 
identical  in  the  two  cases,  the  same  general  appearance,  the  same 
denticulations,  etc.  The  simple  spines  (pi.  102,  fig.  2e)  are  ordi- 
narily elongated  in  a  perfectly  straight  line,  but  some  of  them  show 
a  rather  sharp  curvature  near  their  base;  this  curvature  occurs 
almost  at  the  point  where  the  bifurcation  takes  place  in  the  bifur- 
cated spines.  It  might  be  supposed  that  the  spine  belonged  to  a 
group  of  two  and  that  it  was  separated  from  its  fellow,  but  that 
certainly  is  not  the  case,  for  there  is  never  seen  any  trace  of  that 
separation  and  the  width  remains  the  same  proximal  and  distal  to 
the  inflection.  This  form  is  especially  well  seen  on  the  second  and 
third  spines  to  the  left  which  I  show  in  fig.  2e. 


272  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

I  am  not  aware  that  anyone  has  ever  noticed  an  analogous  bifur- 
cation of  the  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  among  the 
ophiurans.  I  know,  however,  of  another  case  which  I  met  with  very 
recently  in  an  Antarctic  Ophiaccmtha  collected  by  the  Australian 
Antarctic  expedition,  which  is  part  of  an  important  collection  the 
study  of  which  has  been  intrusted  to  me;  I  shall  have  occasion  to 
come  back  to  it  presently. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  a  little  distance, 
from  the  disk  in  O.  stelligera  is  strong  and  thick;  it  usually  shows 
three  branches,  rarely  four;  the  two  first  branches,  which  are  sub- 
equal,  are  always  much  thickened  and  much  elongated  (pi.  102,  figs. 
2c  and  d). 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small  and  terminated  by  a  strong  point ;  some- 
times it  is  doubled  (</). 

The  coloration  of  the  individuals,  which  is  so  often  very  constant 
in  the  different  species  of  OpMotJirix,  is  extremely  variable  in  0. 
stelligera;  sometimes  the  general  coloration  is  very  light,  generally 
of  a  pinkish  gray ;  sometimes  it  is  darker,  gray  or  yellowish  gray,  or 
it  may  pass  into  red  or  even  to  a  dark  brick  red.  In  the  median  dorsal 
line  of  the  arms  there  may  be  seen  a  light  longitudinal  band  bordered 
by  two  dark  lines;  sometimes  these  lines  are  thin  and  regular,  and 
sometimes  they  are  broken  up  into  successive  darker  spots  which 
appear  toward  the  distal  angle  of  the  upper  arm  plates ;  sometimes 
the  two  lines  are  quite  discontinuous  and  are  broken  up  into  succes- 
sive elongated  spots  which  may  be  very  irregularly  arranged  and 
lacking  on  certain  segments.  The  red  or  reddish  specimens  usually 
show  in  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms  a  succession  of  white 
spots  which  are  unequal  and  irregular,  not  forming  a  continuous  line. 

Two  specimens  show  a  very  peculiar  color  type,  which  recalls  that 
of  O.  elegans\  they  come  from  stations  5139  and  5142;  both  are  of 
very  small  size  and  the  diameter  of  their  disks  is  only  4  mm.  The 
first  (pi.  56,  fig.  6),  which  is  of  a  general  light  grayish  color,  has  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  covered  with  club  spines  which  run  over 
a  little  onto  the  radial  shields,  and  among  which  are  a  very  few  true 
spines ;  a  very  dark  narrow  blue  line  with  very  clear  borders  extends 
along  the  median  line  of  the  arms  to  their  tips.  The  other  specimen 
(pi.  56,  fig.  5)  has  a  darker  general  coloration;  the  club  spines  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  cover  in  large  part  the  radial  shields  of 
which  the  outlines  are  scarcely  evident,  and  there  are  in  addition 
some  long  and  strong  spines,  which  are  rather  numerous ;  a  dark  line, 
of  a  blackish  violet,  occurs  also  on  the  median  dorsal  line  of  the  arms, 
but  that  line  does  not  pass  beyond  the  first  ten  segments.  In  neither 
of  the  two  specimens  is  the  dark  line  of  the  arms  continued  on  the 
disk,  while  in  O.  elegans  it  reaches  almost  the  center  of  it.  In  all  the 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     273 

other  characters  these  two  specimens  agree  well  with  0.  stelligera, 
and  there  can  be  no  question  of  referring  them  to  0.  elegans.  It  may 
be  noticed,  furthermore,  that  this  latter  species  is  very  close  to  O. 
stelligera,  from  which  it  is  distinguished  especially  by  the  broad 
band  which  runs  all  along  the  dorsal  median  line  of  the  arms  and 
which  continues  over  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  to  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  center,  and  by  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk,  which  end  in  two  or  three  unequal  sp mules ;  it  is  for  this 
reason  that  I  have  assigned  to  O.  elegans  the  specimen  from  station 
5179  which  I  have  recorded  above. 

The  specimens  of  0.  stelligera  which  possess  club  spines  only  on 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  might  be  confused  with  certain  species 
such  as  0.  miles  Kcehler  and  0.  infinna  Kcehler.  I  have  already 
described  the  principal  characters  which  distinguish  the  former 
from  0.  stelligera  ('05,  p.  91) ;  I  may  recall  that  the  most  impor- 
tant consists  in  the  presence  of  very  fine  small  spines  on  the  distal 
border  of  the  upper  arm  plates;  furthermore  the  arm  spines  of  O. 
miles  are  shorter  and  less  strongly  denticulate,  and  the  radial  shields 
are  large  and  largely  naked.  In  order  to  facilitate  comparison  I  have 
thought  it  well  to  include  three  photographs  of  a  specimen  of  0. 
miles  collected  by  the  Siboga  (pi.  52,  figs.  8,  9, 10) .  As  for  0.  infirma, 
the  dimensions  of  its  tentacle  scale  will  not  permit  of  ever  confusing 
it  with  O.  stelligera. 

There  remains  to  be  compared  with  O.  stelligera,  O.  ciliaris 
(Lamarck).  I  described  its  characters  in  detail  in  1904  (Kcehler, 
04a,  p.  102)  from  a  reexamination  of  the  original  specimens  studied 
by  Miiller  and  Troschel  which  are  in  the  Paris  Museum.  But  it 
seems  to  me  worth  while,  after  having  studied  more  closely  the 
microscopical  characters  of  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  in  0.  stelligera^  to  compare  them  again  with  those  of  0. 
ciliaris. 

First  of  all  I  may  state  that  the  only  authentic  specimens  of  O. 
dliaris  which  we  have  are  the  types  preserved  in  the  Paris  Mu- 
seum; they  are  three  in  number  and  in  a  deplorable  state  of  pres- 
ervation ;  furthermore,  they  are  of  small  size  and  the  largest  reaches 
scarcely  6  mm.  in  diameter.  I  include  (pi.  52,  fig.  6)  a  photograph 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  one  of  these;  it  bears,  in  addition  to  the 
club  spines,  a  few  short  and  thick  true  spines  with  the  surface 
rugose  and  provided  with  short  and  irregular  denticulations ;  all 
intermediates  may  be  found  between  the  typical  club  spines  and  the 
longest  true  spines.  Both  surfaces  of  a  second  specimen  are  shown, 
with  a  greater  magnification  (pi.  53,  figs.  6,  7) ;  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk  bears  only  club  spines.  I  show  also  (pi.  52,  fig.  7)  the 
third  specimen  from  the  Paris  Museum,  which  is  of  very  small 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 18 


274  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

size;  its  arms  are  incomplete  and  in  a  very  bad  state  of  preserva- 
tion ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  4  mm.  The  arm  spines  are 
almost  all  torn  away,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  does  not 
have  its  covering  of  club  spines  intact.  This  specimen  is  remark- 
able for  the  large  elongated  spot  of  purplish  black  which  occurs  in 
the  middle  of  each  upper  arm  plate;  these  successive  spots  form  a 
very  broad  longitudinal  line  which  is  interrupted  at  the  level  of 
each  segment. 

As  I  stated  in  1904  (Kcehler  '04a,  p.  101,  102),  the  upper  arm 
plates  of  the  Paris  Museum  specimens  do  not  have  the  distal  border 
slightly  trilobed  as  stated  by  Miiller  and  Troschel  and  as  Lyman 
figured  it  in  1874  (Lyman,  '74,  pi.  4,  fig.  29).  I  imagine  that  this 
trilobed  appearance  of  the  distal  border  is  due  less  to  a  real  in- 
flection of  this  border  than  to  two  dark  red  spots  which  were  still 
to  be  seen  toward  the  distal  border  of  the  upper  arm  plates  when 
Miiller  and  Troschel  and  later  Lyman  studied  the  types,  but  of 
which  there  is  now  no  longer  any  trace,  the  specimens  being  com- 
pletely decolorized.  The  form  of  the  upper  arm  plates  in  the 
specimens  in  the  Paris  Museum,  as  I  find  it,  does  not  differ  from 
that  shown  in  0.  stelligera;  this  can  not  be  invoked,  therefore,  to 
separate  this  species  from  0.  ciliaris. 

Regarding  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk, 
Miiller  and  Troschel  say  simply  that  this  surface  is  covered  with 
granules;  Lyman  speaks  of  "minute  stumps,"  and  he  shows  on 
plate  4  as  figure  30  a  small  narrow  club  spine  ending  in  a  few  sub- 
equal  spinules. 

In  1904  I  emphasized  the  form  of  the  under  arm  plates,  of  which 
the  distal  border  is  always  rounded  and  passes  over  to  the  sides 
by  equally  rounded  angles;  this  form,  described  by  Miiller  and 
Troschel,  was  accurately  figured  by  Lyman  (74,  pi.  4,  fig.  31), 
and  it  is  easily  recognized  on  the  photograph  which  I  give  (pi. 
53,  fig.  6).  I  added  on  this  subject  ('04a,  p.  102) :  "  Je  crois  pouvior 
poser  en  principe  que  toute  OpMothrix  dont  les  plaques  brachiales 
ventrales  n'auraient  pas  le  bord  distal  arrondi  et  convexe  n'est 
point  une  0.  ciliaris."  It  is  evidently  from  not  having  sufficiently 
studied  the  form  of  the  under  arm  plates  that  certain  authors  have 
confused  O.  ciliaris  with  other  species. 

The  under  arm  plates  of  0.  stelligera  also  have  the  distal  border 
rounded  and  convex,  as  Lyman  has  described  and  figured  it  ('74, 
p.  237,  pi.  3,  fig.  15),  and  no  more  than  in  the  case  of  the  upper 
arm  plates  can  their  shape  furnish  a  character  allowing  the  dif- 
ferentiation of  O.  stelligera  from  O.  ciliaris. 

It  was  for  these  reasons  that  in  1904  I  was  only  able  definitely 
to  invoke  a  single  character  for  the  separation  of  these  two  species ; 
this  was  the  form  of  the  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     275 

disk  which  are  terminated  in  0.  ciliaris  by  a  few  short  and  un- 
equal spinules  instead  of  as  in  O.  stelligera  by  a  very  regular  crown 
of  spinules  with  the  so  characteristic  stellate  appearance  (Kcehler 
'04,  p.  102).  Only  it  is  necessary  here  to  show  an  important  dif- 
ference. It  is  especially  in  examining  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  of  O.  stelligera  as  a  whole,  and  without  isolating  the  club 
spines,  under  a  lens  or  under  a  microscope  that  this  stellate  form 
so  characteristic  of  their  heads,  such  as  Doderlein  has  represented 
and  as  is  seen  again  in  my  photograph,  is  noticed;  but  as  I  have 
explained  above,  when  these  club  spines  are  isolated,  and  when  in- 
stead of  being  viewed  directly  from  above,  they  are  seen  in  profile, 
the  length  and  the  thickness  of  each  spinule  may  be  judged  ex- 
actly, and  it  may  then  be  seen  that  these  are  far  from  being  per- 
fectly identical. 

On  isolating  the  club  spines  of  the  disk  of  the  O.  ciliaris  preserved 
in  the  Paris  Museum  and  examining  them  under  the  microscope,  I 
was  struck  with  their  perfect  resemblance  to  the  club  spines  of  the 
same  size  in  my  O.  stelligera.  If  we  compare  the  club  spines  of  O. 
stelligera  shown  in  plate  102  as  figures  2a  and  ~b  with  those  of  0. 
ciliaris  (fig.  3) ,  we  can  not  determine  any  important  difference ;  some- 
times the  spinules  are  fairly  regularly  arranged  and  almost  equal, 
sometimes  they  are  unequal,  as  may  also  be  the  case  in  O.  stelligera. 
These  spinules  are  sometimes  shorter,  sometimes  longer,  but  these 
variations  have  no  importance  and  do  not  have  to  be  considered. 
Furthermore,  I  find  these  same  variations  in  the  different  specimens 
of  O.  ciliaris  which  I  have  examined,  both  in  those  of  the  Paris 
Museum  and  in  those  of  the  Challenger  expedition.  Also  we  notice 
that  the  club  spines  of  O.  ciliaris  have  the  spinules  shorter  than  is 
usual  in  O.  stelligera,  but  I  find  in  different  specimens  of  the  latter 
some  club  spines  absolutely  identical  with  those  seen  in  O.  ciliaris. 

It  is  impossible  to  find  in  the  characters  of  the  club  spines  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  any  important  differences  permitting  the 
separation  of  O.  stelligera  from  the  type  specimens  of  O.  ciliaris  pre- 
served in  the  Paris  Museum.  I  believe,  therefore,  that  they  must 
belong  to  the  same  species. 

I  am  convinced  that  when  Lyman  established  O.  stelligera  he  for- 
got to  compare  it  with  O.  ciliaris,  for  if  he  had  then  referred  to  the 
characters  of  this  latter  species  he  would  certainly  have  been  struck 
with  the  resemblances  which  they  present.  He  would  have  been  able 
at  least  to  indicate  these  resemblances  and  to  explain  why  he  thought 
it  necessary  to  create  by  the  side  of  O.  ciliaris  the  new  species  which 
he  called  stelligera,  while  he  was  content  to  compare  the  latter  with 
O.  carinata  and  O.  pusilla.  And  Lyman  knew  0.  ciliaris  well,  be- 
cause he  speaks  of  the  original  specimens  which  he  had  studied  at  the 


276  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Paris  Museum.  Curiously  enough,  his  description  of  O.  stelligera 
('74,  p.  237)  is  found  in  the  same  work  and  a  few  pages  further  on 
than  the  few  observations  added  (p.  233)  by  the  learned  naturalist 
to  the  description  of  O.  ciliaris  given  by  Miiller  and  Troschel,  as  a 
result  of  the  study  which  he  had  made  at  Paris  of  the  original  speci- 
mens. 

Obviously,  if  the  rule  of  priority  were  strictly  adhered  to  the  name 
stelligera  would  have  to  disappear  and  the  species  would  have  to 
be  called  O.  ciliaris.  But  I  think  we  should  retain  the  name  stelli- 
gera. It  refers  to  well-known  forms  studied  by  numerous  zoologists, 
of  which  there  exist  in  collections  numerous  specimens  to  which  it  is 
easy  to  refer.  Ophiothrix  ciliaris,  on  the  other  hand,  is  only  repre- 
sented by  three  specimens  in  a  very  poor  state  of  preservation  and 
incomplete,  and  in  however  slight  a  degree  they  may  be  the  object 
of  further  examination,  they  will  of  necessity  be  broken  up  and  will 
be  definitely  lost.  Furthermore,  the  name  O.  ciliaris  has  been 
wrongly  applied  by  different  authors  and  in  many  different  ways, 
Thus  Lyman  ('82,  p.  220)  has  recorded  among  the  ophiurans  of  the 
Challenger  expedition  O.  ciliaris,  which  was  found  near  Cebu  (lat. 
10°  10'  N.,  long.  123°  55'  E.) ;  74-183  meters  (95-100  fathoms) .  I  have 
had  occasion  to  study  some  of  these  Challenger  specimens,  which  were 
once  given  me  by  Prof.  F.  Jeffrey  Bell,  and  I  can  state  that  they 
agree  neither  with  the  types  of  0.  ciliaris  nor  with  O.  stelligera,  what- 
ever may  be  the  opinion  adopted  on  the  relative  value  of  these  two 
species.  In  these  specimens  the  distal  border  of  the  under  arm 
plates  is  concave,  and  this  character  of  itself  suffices  to  exclude 
all  approximation.  The  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk 
are  rather  stout,  somewhat  elongated,  and  unequal,  and  they  are 
armed  with  very  unequal  spinules.  These  specimens  seem  to  me 
identical  with  those  which  I  recorded  in  1904  ('04a,  p.  103)  and 
which  are  in  the  Berlin  Museum  under  the  label  "  0.  ciliaris  Kothes 
Meer,  No.  3358."  These  specimens  approach  forms  such  as  O.  ma- 
renzelleri  rather  than  0.  stelligera,'  I  propose  to  come  back  to  them 
some  day. 

In  1884  Professor  Bell  recorded  0.  ciliaris  from  Port  Jackson.  New 
South  Wales.  Was  he  referring  to  0.  stelligera,  or  was  his  species 
not  rather  0.  coespitosaf  In  recording  0.  ciliaris  from  Japan,  H.  L. 
Clark  ('11,  p.  257)  suggests  that  this  species  is  perhaps  only  a  form 
of  O.  koreana.  It  is  superfluous  to  state  that  I  can  not  agree  at  all 
with  this  point  of  view,  for  the  original  specimens  of  0.  ciliaris,  as 
well  as  the  numerous  known  specimens  of  O.  stelligera,  never  show 
the  club  spines  terminated  by  three  long  spinules,  and  the  form  of 
their  upper  arm  plates  is  different  from  that  which  we  know  in  0. 
koreana.  On  this  subject  I  recall  also  that  Brock  considered  0. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     277 

m-erguiensis  Duncan  as  identical  with  O.  cttiaris;  I  have  already 
criticized  this  approximation  ('04a,  p.  102),  and  I  shall  not  return 
to  it. 

OPHIOTHRIX  STRIOLATA  Grube. 

Plate  33,  figs.  1,  2 ;  plate  34,  fig.  5 ;  plate  102,  fig.  1. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothrix  striolata  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  76,  pi.  15,  fig.  9;  ('07),  p.  338;  ('07b), 
p.  253.— H.  L,.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  279. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5139;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  51°  W.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6° 
06'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1908 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41121,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5146;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  18°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  46'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  48'  50"  E.)  ;  44  meters 
(24  fathoms)  ;  February  16,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  185,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Siasi; 
Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilometers  (8.4  miles) 
distant  (lat,  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.)  ;  38  meters  (21 
fathoms) ;  February  16, 1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41119,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5159;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Tinakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  82°  W.,  2.59  kilometers  (1.4  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  11'  50"  N.,  long.  119°  54'  00"  E.) ;  18  meters  (10 
fathoms) ;  February  21,  1908 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  184,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5355;  north  Balabac  Strait;  Balabac  Light  bear- 
ing S.  61°  W.,  30.76  kilometers  (16.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  08'  10" 
N..  long.  117°  19'  15"  E.)  ;  80  meters  (44  fathoms)  ;  January  5,  1909; 
Co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41123,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5401;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui  Island  Light 
bearing  N.  79°  W.,  42.62  kilometers  (23  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  24' 
45"  N.,  long.  124°  06'  00"  E.) ;  55  meters  (30  fathoms) ;  March  16. 
1909 ;  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  186,  U.S.N.M.). 

No  locality. 

Two  specimens  (Cat,  Nos.  41120,  41122,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  from  station  5146  is  very  typical.  The  disk 
has  a  diameter  of  13  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  almost  60  mm.  long. 
The  radial  shields  are  not  very  large,  and  the  interradial  regions  of 


278  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  furnished  with  elongated  and  nu- 
merous spines.  The  distal  portion  of  the  radial  shields  shows  a  light 
blue  spot  and  their  surface  is  also  studded  with  dark  blue  points. 
The  arms  show  blue  striae  which  are  alternately  longer  and  shorter ; 
the  shorter  consist  of  an  elongated  and  narrow  blue  line,  the  longer 
of  dark  blue  dots  immersed  in  a  light  blue  spot. 

The  other  specimens  are  also  very  typical,  excepting  that  from 
station  5401.  I  figure  this  last  (pi.  33,  figs.  1,  2).  The  diameter  of 
its  disk  varies  between  13  and  14  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  very  much 
more  elongated  than  usual,  their  length  reaching  at  least  80  mm.; 
they  are  extremely  slender  in  their  distal  third.  The  radial  shields 
are  very  large  and  the  rest  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  extremely 
short  spines.  The  radial  shields  show  dark  blue  dots  with  a  more 
or  less  developed  light  blue  spot  toward  the  distal  extremity.  The 
colored  dots  on  the  arms  do  not  form  the  type  of  striae  to  which  the 
species  owes  its  name ;  instead  of  these  there  occurs  toward  the  distal 
border  of  each  upper  arm  plate  two  dark  blue  dots  surrounded  by  a 
clearer  ring ;  sometimes  another  dot  occurs  somewhere  on  the  surface 
of  the  plate. 

I  have  thought  it  best  to  record  the  peculiarities  which  this  speci- 
men shows,  though  they  evidently  are  not  sufficient  for  separating  it 
from  the  others.  The  most  important  difference  is  found  in  the  arms, 
which  are  very  much  longer  than  usual ;  as  for  the  dimensions  of  the 
radial  shields,  they  are  susceptible  of  very  great  variation  in  O. 
striolata.  In  my  collection  I  have  an  O.  striolata  from  the  Sunda 
Archipelago  in  which  these  radial  shields  are  as  large  as  in  the  speci- 
men from  station  5401;  the  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  are  very 
much  more  developed  than  in  the  latter,  though  they  are  very  much 
less  numerous  than  in  the  specimen  from  station  5146,  and  the  arms 
are  not  longer  than  usual.  I  include  a  photograph  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  this  specimen  (pi.  34,  fig.  5).  I  also  give  a  photograph  of 
some  spines  from  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  the  specimen  from 
station  5146  (pi.  102,  fig.  la).  The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral 
arm  spine  has  the  usual  form  and  show*  three  or  four  branches  (fig. 
Id) .  The  tentacle  scale  usually  ends  in  a  rather  strong  point  to  which 
there  may  be  added  one  or  two  others  smaller  ( b ) . 

Ophiothrix  striolata  has  been  found  in  different  localities  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  and  it  scarcely  ever  leaves  the  littoral  region;  the 
Siboga  met  with  it  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  depths  varying  from 
12  to  59  meters  (7  to  33  fathoms). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     279 

• 

OPHIOTHRIX  TRILINEATA  Lutken. 

Plate  46,  figs.  1-3 ;  plate  102,  fig.  4. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ophiothrix  triUneata  LORIOL  ('93),  p.  43. — KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  73;   ('07),  p. 
339.— H.   L.   CLARK   ('15),   p.  279. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5109;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  42°  E.,  47.81  kilometers  (25.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  16'  30"  E.) ;  22  meters  (12 
fathoms) ;  January  15, 1908 ;  Co. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41336,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  are  not  in  very  good  condition,  but  the  de- 
termination is  not  open  to  question.  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain 
good  photographs  of  them,  but  I  include  photographs  of  a  specimen 
in  good  state  of  preservation  which  I  have  in  my  own  collection  and 
which  comes  from  Mauritius.  I  have  chosen  this  specimen  for  illus- 
tration in  order  to  show  that  the  three  light  lines  which  run  all  along 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  are  not  always  well  marked ;  at  least 
the  two  lateral  lines  do  not  always  have  very  clear  outer  borders,  for 
the  darker  bordering  which  often  occurs  beyond  them  may  be  only 
barely  indicated. 

On  plate  102  as  figure  4  I  give  photographs  of  some  arm  spines 
(a  and  5) ,  of  some  spines  from  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  (d),  of 
the  tentacle  scale,  which  ends  in  a  rather  stout  point  (<?),  and  of  the 
hook  representing  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  (e) ;  this  last  has  the 
usual  form,  with  three  branches. 

Ophiothrix  trilineata  is  very  widely  distributed  in  the  Indo-Pacific 
region ;  the  Siboga  dredged  it  at  different  stations  among  the  Sunda 
Islands  at  depths  up  to  54  meters  (30  fathoms),  and  a  specimen  from 
the  anchorage  of  Pasir-Pandjan  was  even  labeled  278  meters  (154 
fathoms). 

OPHIOTHRIX  VITREA  DiJderlein. 

Plate  48,  figs.  1-1 ;  plate  102,  fig.  5. 

Ophiothrix  vitrea  DODERLEIN  ('96),  p.  295,  pi.  14,  fig.  10;  pi.  16,  fig.  21.— 
KCEIILER  ('98),  p.  101.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  282. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5139;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  51°  W.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
6°  06'  00"  K,  long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  Feb- 
ruary 14, 1908 ;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41324,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5179;  in  the  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Romblon 
Light  bearing  S.  56°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 


280  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

12°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms)  ; 
March  25, 1908 ;  hrd.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat  No.  41323,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5593;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo  and  vicinity;  Mount 
Putri  (sea  tangent),  Borneo,  bearing  N.  52°  W.,  31.87  kilometers 
(17.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  02'  40"  K,  long.  118°  11'  20"  E.) ; 
70  meters  (38  fathoms) ;  September  29,  1909 ;  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41322,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  from  station  5593  is  in  a  very  good  state  of 
preservation,  and  the  arms  are  almost  complete ;  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  is  5.5  mm.,  and  the  arms  exceed  45  mm.  (pi.  48,  figs.  1,  3)  in 
length.  The  two  others  have  the  arms  broken  off  at  a  greater  or  lesser 
distance  from  the  base.  The  specimen  from  station  5139  is  the 
smallest,  and  its  disk  is  only  3.5  mm.  in  diameter,  while  that  from 
station  5179  is  larger,  its  disk  diameter  being  7  mm. 

The  specimens  from  stations  5139  and  5593  (figs.  1,  2)  have  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  uniformly  covered  with  fine  and  closely 
crowded  club  spines  ending  in  three  large,  divergent,  and  extremely 
slender  spinules,  while  on  that  from  station  5179  the  club  spines  are 
mixed  with  elongate  and  very  fine  true  spines  (fig.  4).  I  give  a  few 
photographs  of  these  club  spines  (pi.  102,  fig.  5c).  They  are  always 
trifid,  with  subequal  spinules;  the  only  variations  which  they  show 
concern  the  relative  size  of  the  stem  and  of  the  terminal  spinules; 
sometimes  the  stem  is  short  and  rather  broad,  with  strong  and  very 
long  spinules,  and  sometimes  the  stem  is  slender  and  elongated  with 
the  spinules  weaker  and  shorter.  The  tentacle  scale  is  rather  large 
and  terminates  in  a  chief  point  accompanied  by  a  few  other  smaller 
points  (fig.  6b).  The  hook  which  the  first  ventral  spine  very  soon 
forms  is  of  the  usual  type  (a) ;  it  is  rather  elongated,  but  usually 
the  terminal  branch  only  is  well  developed  and  very  strong,  the  others 
remaining  very  slender  and  narrow.  The  second  arm  spine  is  rather 
thick  and  its  denticulations,  which  are  more  closely  crowded  toward 
the  extremity,  are  very  stout  (d),  while  the  other  spines  are  very 
narrow  with  very  fine  denticulations  (e). 

In  1898  I  recorded  three  specimens  of  O.  vitrea  collected  by  the 
Investigator  among  the  Andaman  Islands  and  on  the  Malabar  coast : 
their  scheme  of  coloration  was  a  little  different  from  that  of  the 
single  specimen  which  served  Doderlein  as  his  type,  but,  as  I  stated, 
this  latter  naturalist,  to  whom  I  sent  one  of  my  specimens,  considered 
that  it  was  0.  vitrea.  The  three  individuals  collected  by  the  Albatross 
recall  those  of  the  Investigator  in  their  coloration ;  that  is  to  say  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  shows  a  purple  median  line,  on  each  side 
of  which  is  a  white  band  and  outside  of  that  another  purple  line. 
The  median  purple  line  is  not  always  entirely  continuous,  and  it  is 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     281 

more  or  less  obliterated  toward  the  distal  border  of  each  upper  arm 
plate. 

The  specimen  from  station  5593  has  a  general  very  light  pinkish 
gray  color;  the  two  others  have  the  arms  more  red;  the  arm  spines 
are  always  uncolored  and  perfectly  transparent. 

In  the  three  specimens  the  radial  shields  are  provided  over  almost 
their  whole  area  with  more  or  less  numerous  club  spines  which  leave 
the  distal  region  only  naked. 

The  type  of  O.  vitrea  was  found  at  Amboina;  the  specimens  col- 
lected by  the  Investigator  in  the  Indian  Ocean  came  from  the 
Andaman  Islands  and  the  Malabar  coast  from  a  depth  of  36  fathoms. 

OPHIOGYMNA  ELEGANS  LjunKman. 

Plate  43,  figs.  3-8 ;  plate  103,  fig.  4. 

Ophiogymna  elegans  LJUNGMAN  ('66),  p.  163. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  286; 

pi.  12,  figs.  7,  8. 
Ophiocampsis  inermis  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  115,  pi.  13,  fig.  3. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5151;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Sirun  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  58°  E.,  35.77  kilo- 
meters (19.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  24'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  27'  15" 
E.) ;  44  meters  (24  fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Five  specimens  (Cat,  Nos.  41284,  41285.  E.  62,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5152;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Pajumajan  Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  2°  W.,  3.71  kilometers  (2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  22'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  15'  45"  E.) ;  62  meters  (34 
fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908;  wh.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  59,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5154;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Bakun  Point  bearing  S.  11°  W.,  1.30  kilometers  (0.7  mile)  distant 
(lat.  5°  14'  50"  N.,  long.  119°  58'  45"  E.)  ;  22  meters  (12  fathoms) ; 
February  19,  1908 ;  co.  S. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  63,  E.  65,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5165;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group;  Ob- 
servation Island  bearing  N.  70°  W.,  11.86  kilometers  (6.4  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat,  4°  58'  20"  X.,  long.  119°  50'  30"  E.) ;  16  meters  (9  fath- 
oms) ;  February  24,  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  64,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5253 ;  Gulf  of  Davao ;  Linao  Point  bearing  N.  22° 
E.  2.78  kilometers  (1.5  miles)  distant  (lat,  7°  04'  48"  N.,  long.  125° 
39'  38"  E.) ;  51  meters  (28  fathoms)  ;  May  18,  1908;  Co. 

Fifteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  60,  E.  61,  E.  66,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  genus  Ophiocampsis  established  by  Duncan  in  1886 
for  an  ophiuran  from  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  to  which  he  gave  the 
name  of  O.  pellicula,  is  evidently  identical  with  the  genus  Ophio- 


282  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

gymna  which  Ljungman  created  in  1866  and  of  which  the  type  is  (9. 
elegans  from  Singapore  and  Hongkong.  This  genus  must,  therefore, 
disappear  from  zoological  nomenclature.  The  species  which  I  de- 
scribed in  1905  under  the  name  of  Ophiocampsis  inermis  is  synony- 
mous with  Ophiogymna  elegans,  and  Duncan's  Ophiocampsis  pelli- 
cula  must  be  called  Ophiogymna  pellicula.  We  shall  see  later  on  that 
the  genus  Ophiogymna,  the  characters  of  which  I  shall  define,  must 
include,  in  addition  to  these  two  species  assigned  heretofore  to  the 
genus  Ophiocampsis,  a  few  others  previously  placed  by  myself  in  the 
genus  Ophiothrix.  Before  beginning  the  discussion  of  the  characters 
and  the  limits  of  the  genus  Ophiogymna,  I  shall  give  some  notes  on 
the  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross. 

These  specimens  agree  very  well  with  those  collected  by  the  Siboga 
in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  which  I  described  under  the  name  of 
Ophiocampsis  inermis.  All  these  individuals  are  distinguished  from 
O.  pellicula  by  the  entire  absence  of  spines  or  of  granules  from  the 
disk.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  5  mm.  and  9  mm.; 
two  specimens  from  station  5151  are  extremely  small;  I  shall  speak 
of  them  further  on. 

The  general  coloration  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  pinkish,  tend- 
ing more  or  less  toward  yellow,  with  more  or  less  numerous  red  dots 
on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk ;  there  is  usually  a  spot  outside  of 
each  radial  shield  and  another  within  the  two  shields  of  each  pair. 
The  arms  ordinarily  show  annulations  formed  by  an  assemblage  of 
small  red  dots. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  provided  with  a  rather  thick  and 
folded  integument  including  some  calcareous  nodules,  but  it  is  quite 
without  granules  or  spines.  The  radial  shields  are  in  part  covered 
by  the  integument  and  the  region  which  remained  naked,  oval  in 
shape,  is  more  or  less  extensive,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  two 
photographs  which  I  give  (pi.  43,  figs.  4,  5).  The  ventral  surface  of 
the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered  with  an  integument  iden- 
tical with  that  of  the  dorsal  surface,  but  thicker  and  with  more  de- 
veloped calcareous  nodules,  though  without  the  least  trace  of  spines 
or  of  granules. 

Contrary  to  general  opinion,  the  upper  arm  plates,  instead  of  being 
absent,  are  assuredly  present ;  to  be  sure  they  are  hidden  under  a  more 
or  less  thick  integument,  and  in  alcoholic  specimens  they  are  invisi- 
ble ;  but  in  order  to  find  them  it  is  only  necessary  to  examine  dried 
examples  (figs.  5,  6).  These  plates  are  broken  up  into  numerous  un- 
equal and  irregular  fragments,  especially  in  the  proximal  region  of 
the  arms  where  it  is  not  ordinarily  possible  to  distinguish  among 
these  fragments  the  borders  of  the  successive  segments.  But  these 
borders  usually  appear  at  some  distance  from  the  disk.  In  0.  pelli- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     283 

cula  the  upper  arm  plates  show  the  same  characters  as  in  O.  elegans 
(pi.  43,  fig.  1). 

Furthermore,  if  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  be  followed  almost 
to  their  extremity,  it  will  be  seen  in  both  these  species  that  the  break- 
ing up  of  the  dorsal  plates  ends  a  short  distance  from  the  tip ;  the 
plates  from  then  on  are  entire,  as  may  be  seen  on  the  photograph 
which  I  give  on  plate  43  as  figure  7.  These  plates  are  longer  than 
broad,  with  the  proximal  border  narrower  than  the  convex  distal 
border ;  I  notice  also  that  on  the  photograph  of  O.  elegans  published 
by  H.  J.  Clark  in  1915  ('15,  pi.  12,  fig.  T)  the  breaking  up  of  the 
upper  arm  plates  may  be  very  well  made  out,  and  the  limits  of  the 
successive  plates  may  be  sometimes  distinguished. 

I  may  add  that  in  the  young  individuals  the  breaking  up  of  the 
plates  is  not  yet  evident ;  this  condition  I  find  in  the  two  small  speci- 
mens from  station  5151,  in  which  the  disk  is  only  3  mm.  in  diameter. 
I  include  a  photograph  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  one  of  them  (pi.  43, 
fig.  3),  and  it  may  be  seen  that  the  upper  arm  plates  show  very 
clearly  with  the  contours  very  distinct  from  the  base  of  the  arms 
outward,  and  that  they  are  quite  entire  throughout  the  whole  length 
of  the  arm. 

The  arms  are  always  very  long,  and  their  length  may  reach  from 
10  to  15  times  the  diameter  of  the  disk;  they  taper  very  gradually 
and  are  very  slender  in  their  terminal  quarter.  They  are  always 
more  or  less  twisted,  and  seem  to  be  able  to  bend  as  easily  in  the 
vertical  plane  as  in  the  horizontal.  The  arm  spines  number  six,  and 
their  length  increases  from  the  first  to  the  fifth,  which  is  almost 
equal  to  two  segments ;  the  sixth  is  a  little  shorter.  The  first  ventral 
spine  transforms  into  a  hook  with  three  or  four  branches  at  a  short 
distance  from  the  disk  (pi.  103,  fig.  7a) ;  its  insertion  is  rather  far 
from  the  border  of  the  tentacular  pore,  which  is  without  a  scale. 
These  spines  are  opaque  and,  except  for  the  dorsalmost,  which  is  a 
little  more  pointed,  they  maintain  almost  the  same  width  throughout 
their  whole  length ;  their  tip  is  rounded  (fig.  ?d) .  Their  denticula- 
tions  are  slightly  developed  on  the  proximal  three-quarters  of  their 
length,  but  they  become  very  stout  in  the  terminal  region.  They 
are  somewhat  unequal,  thick,  conical,  not  very  sharp,  and  often 
slightly  recurved  in  the  form  of  a  hook.  Generally  speaking,  the 
denticulations  are  more  developed  on  the  proximal  border  of  the 
spine. 

Ophiogymna  elegans  has  been  recorded  by  Ljungman  from  Singa- 
pore and  from  Hongkong.  The  Siboga  met  with  it  at  Banda  and  at 
the  Kei  Islands  in  from  9  to  36  meters  (5  to  20  fathoms)  of  water. 


284  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Genus  OPHIOGYMNA. 

I  may  recall  that  Ljungman  in  creating  the  genus  Ophiogymna 
characterized  it  by  the  presence  of  a  thick  integument  covering  the 
whole  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  leaving  exposed  only  the  distal 
extremities  of  the  radial  shields;  this  integument  includes  within  it 
calcareous  nodules  with  poorly  defined  outlines.  The  mouthpieces 
are  formed  as  in  the  genus  Ophiothrix.  The  arms  are  very  long, 
and  the  arm  spines,  numbering  from  five  to  ten,  are  often  three  times 
as  long  as  the  segment ;  they  are  more  or  less  glassy  and  denticulated. 
Ljungman  does  not  make  any  mention  of  the  characters  of  the  upper 
arm  plates,  either  in  his  short  diagnosis  of  the  genus  or  in  the  very 
short  description  which  he  gives  of  0.  elegans. 

Liitken  in  1869  ('69,  p.  60)  added  a  few  notes  to  Ljungman's  de- 
scription, and  he  says  especially  on  the  subject  of  the  upper  arm 
plates  "  egentlige  Armrygplader  synes  at  mangle  i  dets.  .  .  ." 

In  1886  Duncan  created  the  genus  Ophiocampsis,  which  is  a  true 
synonym  of  the  genus  OpMogymna.  He  characterized  his  new 
genus  by  the  presence  of  an  integument  covering  the  disk  as  well  as 
the  radial  shields  and  bearing  a  few  spinulous  club  spines;  he  for- 
mally stated  that  the  upper  arm  plates  are  lacking,  but  that  an  in- 
tegument including  small  calcareous  plates  covers  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  arms,  which  is  broad  and  convex,  etc. 

The  two  genera  Ophiogymna  and  Ophiocampsis  have  always  been 
listed  separately  in  the  family  Ophiotrichidae  by  all  authors  since 
1886,  and  Matsumoto  also  mentioned  both  of  them  in  1915.  H.  L. 
Clark  was  the  first  to  recognize  the  identity  of  the  two,  and  in  his 
recent  catalogue  of  the  living  ophiurans  he  gives  OpKwcqmpsfe 
inermis  as  a  synonym  of  Ophiogymna  elegans  •  he  places  in  the  same 
geus,  Ophiogymna,  O.  pellicula  Duncan.  The  genus  Ophiocampsis 
thus  falls  into  synonymy  and  must  disappear. 

Judging  from  the  supplementary  remarks  given  by  Liitken  on  the 
subject  of  Ophiogymna  elegans  ('69,  p.  60),  and  also  from  the 
diagnosis  of  the  genus  Ophiocampsis  given  by  Duncan,  the  upper 
arm  plates  should  be  completely  lacking.  But  we  have  seen  that 
this  statement  is  quite  inexact  and  that  upper  arm  plates  occur;  it 
is  true,  however,  that  they  are  concealed  by  the  integument  and  more 
or  less  broken  up  in  the  adult  animal.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to 
rectify  the  diagnosis  of  the  genus  Ophiogymna,  taking  into  considera- 
tion the  presence  of  these  plates ;  and  I  emphasize  this  point,  for  the 
same  error  is  found  repeated  in  different  works;  for  example,  De- 
lage,10  Mclntosh  ('11,  p.  161),  and  Meissner11  all  say  that  the  upper 

10  Traits  de  zoologie  concr&te,  vol.  3,  p.  156. 

11  Bronn's  Thierreich,  vol.  2,  Abtb.  3  ;  Echinodermen  III,  Schlangenseesterne,  p.  942. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     285 

arm  plates  are  lacking  in  the  genus  Ophiocampsis  (a  synonym  of 
Ophiogytnna) . 

The  diagnosis  given  by  Ljungman  of  the  genus  Ophiogymna  is 
therefore  correct,  seeing  that  this  author  does  not  speak  of  the  pres- 
ence or  of  the  absence  of  upper  arm  plates.  But  it  is  necessary  to 
complete  this  diagnosis  by  mentioning  that  the  upper  arm  plates  exist 
in  the  genus  though  they  are  always  broken  up  into  numerous  frag- 
ments in  the  adult,  and  are  only  entire  in  very  young  specimens,  or 
near  the  distal  extremity  of  the  arms  in  the  adults.  His  diagnosis  is 
insufficient,  and  I  believe  that  it  is  necessary  to  make  it  more  precise 
and  to  complete  it  by  the  inclusion  of  a  few  other  characters. 

The  most  striking  feature  of  the  genus  OpMogymna  is  the  great 
length  of  the  arms  and  especially  the  faculty  which  they  possess  of 
rolling  up  in  all  planes,  often  forming  circles  with  a  very  short 
radius ;  they  are  aways  contorted,  and  in  consequence  twisted  around 
each  other.     Duncan  in  establishing  the  genus  Ophiocampsis  appre- 
ciated the  value  of  this  character  and  made  investigations  to  find  out 
whether  a  special  structure  of  the  articular  facets  of  the  vertebrae 
did  not  explain  this  peculiarity,  which  is  not  known  in  the  related 
genus  Ophiothrix.     Comparing  the  articular  facets  of  the  vertebrae 
in  Ophiocampsis  pellicula  and  in  Ophiothrisc  variabilis  he  recognized 
the  fact  that  these  facets  had  a  more  simple  structure  in  the  former 
than  in  the  latter  species.    "  The  absence  of  a  peg  or  its  analogue," 
says  Duncan,  "  the  length  of  the  hollow  for  the  umbo  and  the  presence 
of  a  pair  of  nodules  characterize  this  species  in  reference  to  the 
aboral  surface  of  the  arm  bone.     On  the  other  hand,  the  long  umbo 
and  the  defective  knobs  of  the  adoral  surface  are  just  as  pecu- 
liar"  (Duncan  '86a,  p.  118).     However,  the  figures  which  Duncan 
published  ('86a,  pi.  10,  figs.  16-20,  and  pi.  11,  figs.  23,  24)  are  too 
schematic  and  somewhat  inaccurate.     It  has  seemed  to  me  worth 
while  to  take  up  the  question  again,  especially  in  view  of  the  notes 
published  in  1913  by  Mortensen  on  the  characters  of  the  vertebral 
articulations  in  different  genera  of  ophiurans.     I  have  taken  as  a 
basis  for  comparison  Ophiothrix  pentaphyllum  of  our  coasts  of  the 
English  Channel,  which  is  very  close  to  Ophiothrix  fragilis  studied 
by  Mortensen  of  which  that  author  figured  the  articular  facets  ('13a, 
pi.  2,  figs.  8-12).    I  give  photographs  of  the  articular  facets  of  O. 
pentaphyllum  (pi.  103,  figs.  6«  and  &)  for  comparison  with  those  of 
Ophiogymna  elegans  (figs.  7e  and  /).     It  may  be  safely  asserted  that 
my  photographs  of  O.  pentapJiyllum  are  quite  in  agreement  with 
Mortensen's  figures,  and,  considering  only  the  interesting  structures, 
we  recognize  perfectly  on  the  distal  or  aboral  facet  the  median 
tubercle,  and  on  either  side  the  well-known  depression  or  fossa ;  on 
the  proximal  or  adoral  facet,  the  median  fossa,  and  on  either  side 
the  articular  tubercle :  these  different  parts  mutually  correspond.     A 


286  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

glance  at  the  articular  facets  of  Ophiogymna,  elegans  (figs.  7 a  and  b) 
suffices  to  make  it  clear  that  the  tubercles  and  the  articular  fossae  are 
almost  completely  obliterated,  and  that  it  is  difficult  to  find  any  traces 
of  them.  Under  these  conditions  we  can  understand  that  the  articu- 
lations are  very  much  looser  in  the  latter  species,  and  that  the  very 
flexible  arms  are  able  to  curve  about  in  all  planes. 

The  vertebral  facets  thus  show  a  peculiar  structure,  and  it  is 
necessary  to  mention  this  character  in  the  diagnosis  of  the  genus 
Ophiogymna.  I  might  even  say  that  this  character  exceeds  in  im- 
portance that  which  Ljungman  invoked  for  creating  the  genus 
Ophiogymna — that  is,  the  presence  of  an  integument  covering  the 
disk. 

Having  found  in  the  Albatross  collections  two  ophiurans  discov- 
ered by  the  S-iboga  which  I  had  assigned  heretofore  to  the  genus 
Ophiothrix — 0.  fulgens  and  O.  pulchella — and  also  a  new  species 
near  these  two,  which  I  shall  describe  under  the  name  of  0.  funesta. 
my  attention  was  attracted  again  to  the  forms  with  flexible  arms. 
Instead  of  comparing  them  with  other  species  of  Ophiothrix,  as  I 
had  done  in  1905,  it  seemed  to  me  that  their  affinities  were  rather 
toward  the  genus  Ophiogymna;  moreover,  they  had  quite  the  appear- 
ance of  the  species  of  that  genus.  The  comparative  study  of  the 
vertebral  articular  facets  showed  me  that  these  three  species  show 
characters  absolutely  identical  with  those  of  Ophiogymna  elegans 
(see  pi.  103,  figs.  8*7  and  h  and  9/  and  g).  Considering  the  external 
characters,  these  species  have,  like  the  last,  very  long  and  contorted 
arms,  and  the  tentacle  scale,  similarly  absent  in  the  new  species,  is 
very  slightly  developed  and  disappears  at  a  short  distance  from  the 
disk  in  O.  fulgens  and  O.  pulchella.  The  tegumentary  investment  of 
the  disk  and  of  the  arms  in  these  three  species  shows  rather  wide 
\ariations.  Generally  speaking,  in  0.  pulchella  this  integument  is 
most  developed,  and  the  outlines  of  the  plates  are  least  apparent ;  in 
0.  fulgens  it  varies  very  much  individually  on  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk,  but  the  upper  arm  plates  are  always  distinct ;  it  is  the  same 
in  the  new  species  in  which  the  integument  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  is  still  less  apparent.  We  find  also  in  these  three  species 
a  characteristic  feature  of  Ophiogymna  elegans  and  O.  pellicula, 
and  that  is  the  breaking  up  of  the  upper  arm  plates  which  always 
occurs,  more  or  less  marked  according  to  the  species  or  the  indi- 
viduals. 

I  may  add  that  the  arm  spines  of  O.  fulgens  and  of  O.  pulchella^ 
like  those  of  the  new  species,  show  the  same  characters  as  those  of 
Ophiogymna  elegant;  the  denticulations,  which  are  very  fine  over 
the  greater  part  of  their  length,  develop  only  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
tip  of  the  spine.  A  glance  at  the  photographs  which  I  give  of  the 

/  Of(j 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     287 

arm  spines  in  Ophiogymna  elegans  (pi.  103,  fig.  Id)  and  in  O.  ful- 
gens  (fig.  8e),  0.  pulchella  (fig.  5#),  and  O.  funesta  (figs.  9a  and  e) 
will  show  these  resemblances. 

I  may  state  that  in  all  these  species  the  tentacle  scale  is  completely 
lacking,  or  if  it  exists  it  remains  only  slightly  developed  and  dis- 
appears at  a  short  distance  from  the  disk,  which  is  the  case,  as  I 
have  just  said,  in  0.  fulgens  and  in  O.  pulcJiella.  In  the  new  species 
the  tentacle  scale  is  also  almost  completely  lacking. 

For  all  these  reasons  I  believe  that  the  two  species  which  I  had  at 
first  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophiothrix — 0.  fulgens  and  0.  pulcliella — 
as  well  as  the  new  species  discovered  by  the  Albatross,  which  is  very 
closely  related  to  them,  are  better  placed  in  the  genus  Opliiogymna 
than  in  the  genus  Ophiothrix.  I  may  add  that  still  another  species 
which  I  have  recently  described  and  assigned  to  the  genus  Ophio- 
thrix— O.  convoluta  from  the  Caribbean  Sea — has,  like  the  preceding 
forms,  which  it  quite  resembles  in  its  general  appearance,  flexible 
and  very  contorted  arms,  and  is  without  the  tentacle  scale ;  although 
I  have  not  had  occasion  to  study  the  articular  facets  of  the  arms,  I 
believe  it  necessary  to  assign  it  to  the  genus  Ophiogymna. 

To  sum  up,  I  believe  that  it  is  necessary  at  present  to  refer  to  the 
genus  Ophiogymna  the  six  following  species : 

Ophiogymna  elegans   (Ljungman)    (genotype). 

Ophiogymna  pellicula    (Duncan). 

Ophiogymna  fulffens  (Kcehler). 

Ophiogymna  pulcJiella  (Kcehler). 

Ophiogymna  convoluta  (Kcehler). 

Ophiogymna  funesta,  new  species. 

In  accordance  with  the  preceding  remarks,  I  propose  to  modify 
and  to  complete  the  diagnosis  of  the  genus  Ophiogymna  as  follows : 

Ophiotrichidae  with  the  arms  very  long  and  narrow,  very  flexible 
and  twining,  capable  of  rolling  up  in  every  plane  thanks  to  a  struc- 
ture of  the  articular  facets  of  the  vertebrae  simpler  than  that  found 
in  the  genus  Ophiothrix.  The  disk  and  even  the  arms  may  be  cov- 
ered by  an  integument  which  more  or  less  completely  conceals  the 
outlines  of  the  subjacent  plates;  these  plates  themselves  are  only 
slightly  developed  on  the  disk;  they  are  lacking  on  the  ventral  sur- 
face, and  on  the  dorsal  surface  they  are  separated  from  each  other  by 
soft  areas.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  present,  but  concealed  under 
the  integument  and  more  or  less  broken  up;  the  cylindrical  and 
opaque  arm  spines  show  well  developed  denticulations  only  in  their 
terminal  regions.  The  tentacle  scale  is  absent,  or  if  it  occurs  it  is 
reduced  and  disappears  at  a  short  distance  from  the  disk. 


288  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOGYMNA  FULGENS    (Kcehler). 

Plate  42,  figs.  1-8 ;  plate  43,  figs.  9,  10 ;  plate  44,  fig.  8 ;  plate  60,  fig.  6 ;  plate 

103,  fig.  8. 

Ophiothrix  fulgens  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  107,  pi.  10,  figs.  3-6.— H.  L.  CLABK 
('15),  p.  280. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  4935;  Eastern  Sea,  off  Kagoshima 
Gulf;  Sata  Misaki  Light  bearing  N.  58°  E..  8.34  kilometers  (4.5 
miles)  distant  (lat.  30°  57'  20"  N.,  long.  130°  35'  10"  E.)  ;  188 
meters  (103  fathoms) ;  August  16,  1906. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41088,  41096,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  4948;  off  southern  Japan;  O  Shima  Light  bear- 
ing N.  11°  E.,  22.24  kilometers  (12  miles)  distant  (lat.  31°  19'  00" 
N.,  long.  131°  23'  00"  E.) ;  119  meters  (65  fathoms) ;  August  21, 
1906. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41090,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5070;  Suruga  Gulf,  Japan;  Ose  Saki  bearing  S 
8°  W.,  3.34  kilometers  (1.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  35°  03'  25"  N.,  long. 
138°  47'  40"  E.) ;  197  meters  (108  fathoms) ;  October  15,  1906. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41092,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5080;  off  Omai  Saki  Light,  southern  Japan; 
Omai  Saki  Light  bearing  N.  23J°  E.,  51.89  kilometers  (28  miles) 
distant  (lat.  34°  10'  30"  N.,  long.  138°  40'  00"  E.) ;  923  meters  (505 
fathoms) ;  October  19,  1906. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41054,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5117;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island  Passage; 
Sombrero  Island  bearing  S.  17°  E.,  20.01  kilometers  (10.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  52'  22"  N.,  long.  120°  46'  22"  E.) ;  216  meters  (118 
fathoms)  ;  January  21,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41093,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5138;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  S.  19° 
E.,  4.63  kilometers  (2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  00"  N.,  long.  120° 
58'  50"  E.);  35  meters  (19  fathoms);  February  14,  1908;  S.,  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41001,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5141;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  S.  17° 
E.,  10.19  kilometers  (5.5  miles)  distant  (lat,  6°  09'  00"  N.,  long.  120° 
58'  00"  E.) ;  53  meters  (29  fathoms)  ;  February  15,  1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41089,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5255 ;  Gulf  of  Davao ;  Dumalag  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  65°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  03'  00" 
N.,  long.  125°  39'  00"  E.)  ;  183  meters  (100  fathoms)  ;  May  18,  1908; 
sft.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41094,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5393;  between  Samar  and  Masbate;  Panganalan 
Point,  Talajit  Island,  bearing  S.  59°  E.,  27.43  kilometers  (14.8  miles) 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      289 

distant  (lat.  12°  03'  30"  N.,  long.  124°  03'  36"  E.)  ;  249  meters  (136 
fathoms)  ;  March  13,  1909;  hrd.  S. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41079,  41098,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5413;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis  Point 
Light  bearing  N.  68°  W.,  18.5  kilometers  (10  miles)  distant  (lat.  10° 
10'  35"  N.,  long.  124°  03'  15"  E.)  ;  77  meters  (42  fathoms)  ;  March 
24,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41091,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5414;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis  Point 
Light  bearing  N.  67°  W.,  17.60  kilometers  (9.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  10'  40"  N.,  long.  124°  02'  45"  E.) ;  March  24,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41095,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5519;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  71°  W.,  16  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  47'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  31'  15"  E.)  ;  333  meters  (182  fathoms) ; 
August  9, 1909 ;  Glob.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41097,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5545;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Noble  Point, 
Tulayan  Island  (E.),  bearing  S.  19°  W.,  5.56  kilometers  (3  miles) 
distant  (lat.  6°  04'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  20'  20"  E.) ;  208  meters  (114 
fathoms)  ;  September  15, 1909 ;  fne.  co.  S. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41078,  E.  20,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  exhibit  well  the  essential  characters  of  0. 
fulgens  which  I  described  from  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga  in 
the  Sunda  Archipelago,  but  they  show  a  few  variations  which  it  is 
interesting  to  observe. 

In  the  Siboga  specimens  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  is 
covered  with  a  thick  integument,  carries  both  club  spines  and  true 
spines ;  in  certain  individuals  the  club  spines  remain  in  the  condition 
of  conical  granules  which  scarcely  elongate  toward  the  periphery 
of  the  disk;  the  radial  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  tri- 
angular and  their  length  is  equal  to  a  third  the  radius  of  the  disk. 
The  large  upper  arm  plates  are  trapezoidal,  a  little  broader  than 
long,  sometimes  more  or  less  strongly  keeled,  sometime  furnished  in 
the  middle  and  toward  the  distal  border  with  a  small  tubercle.  These 
plates  are  sometimes  broken  up,  and  they  may  show  on  their  surface 
a  few  irregularly  disposed  and  also  inconstant  granules.  The  frag- 
mentation of  the  upper  arm  plates  is  less  marked  than  in  O.  elegans 
and  in  0.  pellicula,  and  the  borders  of  the  plates  are  always  distinct. 
It  is  not  rare  to  find  the  plates  quite  whole  over  a  more  or  less 
extended  portion  of  the  length  of  the  arms.  On  plate  43  as  figure  9 
I  show  a  portion  of  an  arm  on  which  the  breaking  up  of  the  dorsal 
plates  is  carried  to  an  extreme.  The  arms  are  always  very  long  and 
more  or  less  strongly  convoluted.  The  coloration  of  the  specimens  is 
55269— 22— Bui.  100 19 


290  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

light  pink,  and  the  arms  are  banded  with  pink  and  white ;  one  com- 
ing from  a  depth  of  90  meters  was  quite  decolorized. 

I  may  recall  that  I  separated  0.  fulgens  from  0.  pulchella,  which 
also  occurs  in  the  Albatross  collection,  on  the  basis  of  the  armature 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  the  smaller  size  of  the  radial  shields, 
the  shorter  arm  spines,  and  the  entirely  different  coloration. 

The  principal  variations  which  I  find  in  the  Albatross  specimens 
concern  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  the  dimen- 
sions of  the  radial  shields,  the  presence  or  absence  of  small  granules 
on  the  upper  arm  plates,  and  the  more  or  less  carinate  form  of  the 
last.  In  certain  specimens,  as  those  from  station  5117  (pi.  42,  fig.  7), 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  only  rather  large  rounded  gran- 
ules arranged  very  uniformly  on  the  plates,  and  the  radial  shields  are 
remarkably  large.  In  others,  as  those  from  station  5070  (fig.  5)  the 
granules  are  much  less  numerous  and  there  are  in  addition  a  few 
large,  thick,  and  short  spines,  with  their  tips  rounded;  the  number 
of  these  spines  is  a  little  greater  in  the  specimens  from  stations  4935, 
4948,  5138,  5255,  5395,  and  especially  5217.  In  the  small  specimen 
from  station  5413  and  in  those  from  stations  5141  and  5393  (pi.  42, 
figs.  1,  2)  these  spines  are  especially  numerous  and  very  long;  they 
have  the  tip  pointed  and  are  provided  with  fine  and  closely  crowded 
denticulations ;  their  presence  gives  to  these  specimens  a  general  ap- 
pearance very  different  from  those  which  are  without  spines.  Cer- 
tain individuals  from  station  5545  are  identical  with  those  from 
station  5393,  of  which  I  give  a  photograph  on  plate  42  as  figure  2, 
having  very  large  radial  shields,  and  on  one  of  them  these  radial 
shields  carry  two  or  three  spines  identical  with  those  on  the  rest  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  While  the  small  example  from  station 
5414  shows  the  spines  greatly  developed,  the  other  is  almost  entirely 
without  them.  The  photographs  which  I  give  on  plate  103  as  figure 
8&  and  c  show  the  intermediates  between  club  spines  and  true  spines. 

On  some  individuals  the  plates  which  carry  the  club  spines  and  the 
true  spines  are  very  distinct,  such  as  those  of  which  photographs  are 
given  on  plate  42  as  figures  1, 2,  4,  5,  and  7,  and  in  this  case  the  radial 
shields  remain  very  large.  In  others  the  plates  are  concealed  under 
an  integument  which  is  pierced  by  the  spines  and  the  club  spines, 
and  the  radial  shields  may  be  in  part  covered  by  this  integument, 
which  more  or  less  restricts  their  visible  surface;  this  occurs,  for 
example,  in  the  specimen  from  station  5545  which  I  figure  (fig.  8). 
The  specimens  from  station  5545  are  interesting  to  compare  with  each 
other  because  of  the  variations  which  they  show  in  the  appearance 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  all  carry  true  spines,  but  in  some 
these  spines  are  rather  slender,  elongated,  and  similar  to  those  which 
are  represented  on  plate  42  as  figure  4 ;  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk,  which  do  not  appear  to  be  covered  with  integument, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     291 

and  the  radial  shields,  which  are  exposed  over  their  entire  area,  may 
be  clearly  distinguished.  In  others,  as  that  which  is  represented  in 
figure  8,  and  which  I  have  just  mentioned,  the  spines  are  shorter  and 
thicker,  and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  a  fairly 
developed  integument  which  more  or  less  completely  conceals. the 
underlying  plates  and  encroaches  more  or  less  upon  the  radial  shields. 

The  specimen  from  station  5080  (fig.  6)  is  remarkable  for  the 
rudimentary  condition  of  the  armature  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk;  the  club  spines  are  not  very  numerous,  and  are  of  small  size, 
conical,  and  well  spaced;  they  become  a  little  stouter  and  a  little 
more  numerous  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  In  its  general 
appearance  this  specimen  quite  brings  to  mind  an  Ophiogymna  pel- 
licula,  but  the  characters  of  the  upper  arm  plates  do  not  permit  of 
referring  it  to  that  form. 

The  upper  arm  plates  only  show  variations  in  form  of  slight  im- 
portance; they  are  always  trapezoidal,  with  a  fairly  straight  and 
slightly  concave  proximal  border,  and  a  very  broad  and  strongly  con- 
vex distal  border,  usually  made  up  of  two  short  sides  united  by  an 
obtuse  angle;  the  lateral  borders  are  straight  and  divergent,  and 
they  pass  to  the  distal  side  over  rounded  angles;  these  plates  are 
relatively  more  elongated  in  the  young  where  they  are  still,  however, 
broader  than  long.  The  upper  arm  plates  have  the  form  of  a  dihe- 
dral angle  with  a  more  or  less  well  marked  dorsal  keel,  and  usually 
they  show  toward  the  middle,  but  a  little  nearer  the  distal  border,  a 
rather  broad  rounded  and  flattened  tubercle,  which  sometimes  is  de- 
tached from  the  general  surface  of  the  plate  on  which  the  keel  is 
only  slightly  visible,  and  sometimes  is  continuous  with  the  keel  itself, 
which  is  more  strongly  marked.  The  presence  of  small  granules  on 
the  surface  of  the  upper  arm  plates  is  rather  rare  in  the  Albatross 
specimens  and  occurs  very  irregularly.  One  of  the  specimens  on 
which  they  are  found  rather  abundantly  is  that  from  station  5141 
which  I  show  on  plate  42  as  figure  1.  The  form  of  these  granules, 
which  are  somewhat  conical,  pointed,  and  rather  fine,  may  be  seen 
on  the  arm  shown  in  profile;  they  occur  only  in  the  proximal  half 
of  the  arms.  On  other  specimens  a  few  granules  may  be  met  with 
which  are  sometimes  conical,  sometimes  rounded,  always  few  in 
number,  and  occurring  in  a  very  irregular  manner  exclusively  in  the 
proximal  region  of  the  arms;  I  include  a  figure  (pi.  43,  fig.  10)  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arm  of  a  specimen  from  station  5545  which 
shows  a  few  of  these  rounded  granules. 

The  arm  spines  are  rather  large,  comparatively  short  in  the  small 
specimens,  but  their  length  increases  proportionately  with  the  si/4e 
of  the  individual.  In  specimens  of  small  and  of  medium  size  the 
lateral  spines  have  the  tip  somewhat  broadened  and  very  rounded; 
in  the  large  this  tip  is  always  rounded,  but  it  is  only  slightly  or  not 


292  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

at  all  broadened.  These  spines  retain  almost  the  same  width  through- 
out their  whole  length.  The  denticulations,  which  are  especially  de- 
veloped toward  the  tip,  appear  also  less  strong  on  the  longest  spines 
(pi.  103,  fig.  Se) .  The  last  dorsal  spine  is  always  more  or  less  pointed. 
The  first  ventral  spine  at  some  distance  from  the  disk  forms  an 
elongated  hook  showing  at  first  five  or  six  points,  then,  further  on, 
three  only ;  the  two  outer  points  are  very  much  more  developed  than 
the  third. 

As  I  said  in  1905,  the  tentacle  scale  is  small  and  pointed.  I  give 
a  photograph  of  it  on  plate  103  as  figure  8/.  But  following  out  along 
the  arm  I  notice  that  this  scale  does  not  persist  very  long,  and  dis- 
appears at  a  short,  though  variable,  distance  from  the  disk.  This 
character  impressed  me  in  1905.  The  dominant  coloration  of  the 
specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  is  light  pink;  the  ventral  surface 
of  the  disk  is  a  more  or  less  dark  brown ;  but  the  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5138  is  very  dark  red ;  on  the  other  hand,  certain  specimens  are 
almost  completely  colorless,  as  for  example  those  from  stations  5080 
and  5145.  The  annulations  of  the  arms  are  only  slightly  evident, 
and  sometimes  not  evident  at  all. 

On  its  ventral  surface  and  affixed  near  the  mouth,  the  specimen 
from  station  4948  bears  two  parasitic  prosobranchs  belonging  to 
the  genus  Mucronalia  and  representing  without  doubt  a  new  species. 
The  length  of  the  shells  is  respectively  3  mm.  and  2  mm.  On  plate 
60,  figure  6,  I  show  the  ventral  surface  of  the  parasitized  ophiuran 
with  the  two  gasteropods  in  place. 

OPHIOGYMNA  FUNESTA,  new  species. 

Plate  44,  figs.  1-7 ;  plate  103,  fig.  9. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5213;  east  of  Masbate  Island:  Desta- 
cado  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  87°  E.,  15.T5  kilometers  (8.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  12°  15'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  30"  E.) ;  146  meters  (80 
fathoms)  ;  April  20, 1908;  S.,  M.,  Sh. 

Sixty-six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  187,  E.  374,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  8  mm.  and 
10  mm.;  the  arms  are  extremely  long,  more  or  less  contorted,  and 
rather  slender ;  their  length  usually  exceeds  100  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  rather 
numerous  small  plates,  the  outlines  of  which  are  not  very  evident,  and 
which  are  covered  by  a  thin  integument,  often  concealing  a  more  or 
less  extensive  portion  of  the  radial  shields.  These  are  extremely 
large  and  triangular,  and  their  length  appears  to  reach  three-quarters 
the  radius  of  the  disk,  judging  from  the  slight  projection  which  they 
cause  under  the  integument;  this  last  leaves  exposed  a  certain  por- 
tion of  the  distal  region  of  the  shields,  but  the  extent  of  this  naked 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     293 

part  is  rather  variable ;  it  is  rather  large  and  triangular  in  shape  in 
the  specimen  represented  on  plate  44  as  figure  3,  less  extensive  on 
that  represented  in  figure  7,  and  still  smaller  on  that  in  figure  6,  where 
this  naked  portion  is  small  and  oval.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair 
are  rather  strongly  divergent.  The  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  may  carry  small,  short,  and  rounded  granules  which  often 
show  a  tendency  to  rise  up  into  small  pointed  cones  (pi.  44,  fig.  6, 
and  pi.  103,  fig.  9&).  In  other  specimens  a  certain  number  of 
granules  transform  rather  abruptly  into  spines  which  are  rather 
large,  elongated,  stout,  and  pointed,  and  are  furnished  with  asperities 
or  even  with  small  irregular  teeth.  These  spines  may  be  very  few  in 
number  and  relatively  small  (fig.  3),  or  they  may  become  very  abun- 
dant and  very  strong,  rather  thick,  long,  and  pointed,  with  the  sur- 
face rugose  or  denticulated  (fig.  7).  The  spines  or  the  granules 
continue  over  a  small  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  but 
they  never  advance  very  far,  and  the  major  portion  of  this  surface 
remains  naked.  The  genital  slits  are  large  and  broad;  the  genital 
plates  are  extremely  large. 

The  mouth  pieces  are  only  slightly  developed.  The  mouth  shields 
are  small,  broader  than  long,  triangular  or  lozenge-shaped,  with  an 
obtuse  proximal  angle  sometimes  prolonged  a  little  toward  the  mouth 
and  bordered  by  two  slightly  excavated  sides;  the  distal  border  is 
very  convex  and  is  often  broken  up  into  two  short  sides  united  by  a 
very  obtuse  and  rounded  angle.  The  adoral  plates  are  elongated, 
broader  outwardly  than  inwardly,  and  they  usually  send  off  a  process 
which  separates  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate; 
they  taper  inwardly,  but  are  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line. 
The  oral  plates  are  of  medium  size.  The  tooth  papillae  are  much 
developed ;  there  can  usually  be  recognized  two  lateral  rows,  and  in 
addition  a  median  cluster  composed  of  three  very  irregular  rows. 

As  I  said  above,  the  arms  are  very  long,  but  very  slender;  their 
dorsal  surface  is  quite  plane.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  very  large 
and  extremely  broad,  and  they  cover  almost  the  whole  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  arms.  They  are  very  much  broader  than  long,  with  the 
two  long  sides  almost  parallel ;  the  proximal  border,  which  is  almost 
straight,  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  distal  border,  which  is  sometimes 
straight,  and  sometimes  a  little  convex,  and  in  the  large  specimens  is 
very  often  slightly  excavated  in  the  middle;  the  sides  are  a  little 
divergent,  and  they  pass  over  to  the  distal  border  by  sharp  angles. 
The  form  of  these  plates  is  somewhat  inconstant,  as  may  be  seen 
from  the  photographs  which  I  give  (pi.  44,  figs.  3-7),  and  these 
plates  may  be  broken  up  into  fragments,  of  which  the  form,  the 
dimensions,  and  the  number  are  extremely  variable;  in  this  respect 
the  greatest  differences  are  found  in  different  specimens,  and  in  dif- 
ferent arms  of  the  same  specimen,  or  even  in  different  parts  of  a 


294  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

single  arm.  Sometimes  all  the  successive  plates  are  broken  up  over 
a  rather  considerable  length  of  an  arm,  while  sometimes  broken 
plates  appear  suddenly  in  the  midst  of  others  which  are  quite  entire, 
and  no  rule  appears  to  govern  these  occurrences.  Even  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  arm  tip  the  upper  arm  plates  may  be  divided  into 
two  or  three  fragments;  in  this  region  they  become  relatively  less 
broad  and  their  length  may  then  be  equal  to  their  width.  In  general 
the  breaking  up  of  the  upper  arm  plates  is  not  carried  very  far,  and 
the  number  of  the  fragments  is  not  as  great  as  in  0.  elegcms  and  O. 
pellicula;  most  commonly  the  plates  are  simply  divided  into  several 
fragments  by  one  or  two  longitudinal  or  oblique  grooves,  as  occurs 
in  O.  fulgens  and  O.  pulchella.  All  the  upper  arm  plates  are 
broadly  in  contact  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  arm. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  rectangular,  and  a  little 
broader  than  long.  The  following  are  not  very  large,  and  they  do 
not  occupy  any  great  part  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms.  They 
are  at  first  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  a  proximal  border  a  little 
narrower  than  the  distal,  and  slightly  excavated  sides ;  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  disk  they  become  as  broad  as  long.  The  proximal 
border  is  sometimes  slightly  notched  on  the  first  segments,  on  the 
following  becoming  slightly  convex;  it  is  the  same  with  the  distal 
border,  which  is  sometimes  slightly  notched  at  the  base  of  the  arms 
but  which  from  then  on  is  almost  straight.  These  slightly  different 
forms  of  the  adjacent  sides  of  the  under  arm  plates  depend  doubtless 
on  the  fact  that  they  are  sometimes  very  close  together,  to  the  point 
of  being  almost  in  contact,  and  sometimes  separated  by  a  space  occu- 
pied by  soft  tissue. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  much  developed  and  projecting,  and  they 
carry  at  least  eight  arm  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms.  The  length 
of  these  increases  from  the  first  ventral  to  the  third,  which  is  slightly 
shorter  than  the  segment ;  the  fourth  is  longer  than  the  segment ;  the 
fifth  equals  two  segments,  and  the  two  following  are  slightly  longer 
still,  while  the  last  dorsal  spine  is  shorter  than  the  preceding.  These 
spines  are  slender  and  transparent,  furnished  with  asperities  which 
are  more  or  less  developed,  though  not  forming  true  denticulations 
except  in  the  terminal  portion  (pi.  103,  figs.  9a  and  e).  The  fourth 
to  the  seventh  arm  spines  have  the  tip  rounded,  and  the  last  dorsal 
spine  is  pointed.  The  first  ventral  spine  is  transformed  into  a  hook 
almost  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  the  second  spine  quickly  under- 
goes the  same  transformation  (fig.  9<?). 

The  tentacle  scale  is  rudimentary  or  lacking.  In  certain  specimens 
I  have  been  able  to  recognize  traces  of  it  on  the  first  arm  segments, 
but  upon  those  following  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  it. 

All  the  specimens  are  of  an  absolutely  uniform  slightly  rosy  gray ; 
the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  brown 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     295 

because  of  the  absence  of  plates,  and  the  thinness  of  the  integument 
which  covers  the  underlying  tissues. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiogymna  funesta  shows  a 
very  great  resemblance  to  O.  fulgens  (Kcehler),  and  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk  shows  in  the  two  species  some  almost  identical  char- 
acters, both  because  of  the  existence  of  an  integument  covering  the 
underlying  plates  more  or  less  encroaching  upon  the  radial  shields, 
as  well  as  on  account  of  the  armature,  which  may  include  small  club 
spines  only,  or  may  be  a  mixture  of  club  spines  and  true  spines,  these 
latter  sometimes  assuming  a  very  great  development.  In  both  species 
the  upper  arm  plates  may  similarly  break  up,  but  their  shape  is 
entirely  different ;  in  O.  fulgens  they  are  as  long  as  broad,  or  scarcely 
broader  than  long,  and  they  have  the  form  of  a  dihedral  angle  with  an 
always  very  apparent  median  keel ;  their  lateral  angles  are  rounded, 
and  the  distal  border  is  very  convex.  In  O.  funesta  they  are  very 
broad,  flattened,  and  never  carinate,  and  their  distal  border  is  straight 
or  even  slightly  excavated;  the  lateral  angles  are  very  sharp.  I 
have  never  found  the  least  indication  of  intermediates  between  these 
two  forms.  The  arm  spines  are  also  a  little  longer  and  stronger  in 
O.  funesta,  and  their  tip  is  not  swollen. 

But  the  two  species  are  evidently  very  closely  allied,  and  they  may 
be  easily  confused.  I  do  not  for  a  moment  believe,  however,  that 
they  can  be  united,  for  it  does  not  seem  to  me  possible  to  deny  the 
importance  of  the  differences  which  we  have  shown  in  the  form  of 
the  upper  arm  plates. 

OPHIOGYMNA  PtTLCHELLA    (K«ehler). 

Plate  37,  figs.  1,  5,  6 ;  plate  43,  fig.  11 ;  plate  103,  fig.  5. 

Ophtothrix  pulchella  KCEHLER  ('06),  p.  106,  pi.  11,  figs.  11,  12;  pi.  15,  fig. 
3.—  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  281. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5131;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Sea,  off  western 
Mindanao ;  island  off  Panabutan  Point  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  0.74  kilo- 
meters (0.4  miles)  distant;  49  meters  (27  fathoms);  February  6, 
1908;  gn.  M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41294,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5132;  Sulu  Sea,  off  western  Mindanao;  island  off 
Panabutan  Point  bearing  N.  15°  W.,  0.55  kilometer  (0.3  mile)  dis- 
tant; 47  meters  (26  fathoms) ;  February  6,  1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41293,  41295,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5133 ;  Sulu  Sea,  off  western  Mindanao ;  island  off 
Panabutan  Point  bearing  N.  52°  E.,  2.78  kilometers  (1.5  miles)  dis- 
tant; 69  meters  (38  fathoms) ;  February  6, 1908;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41296.  U.S.N.M.). 


296  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Notes. — These  specimens  agree  well  with  those  from  the  Siboga 
expedition;  they  are  all  of  small  size,  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
does  not  exceed  5  mm.  I  do  not  find  in  them  variations  comparable 
to  those  which  I  have  recorded  in  the  specimens  of  O.  fulgens  from 
the  Sib o go,  and  Albatross  collections,  excepting  in  regard  to  the 
number  of  the  small  spines  which  may  be  met  with  on  the  upper  arm 
plates,  spines  the  presence  of  which  is  more  constant  here  than  in 
O.  fulgens.  These  spines  are  more  or  less  numerous ;  they  are  always 
very  small,  very  short,  and  terminated  by  a  few  extremely  fine  di- 
verging points.  The  outlines  of  the  upper  arm  plates,  even  on  the 
dried  specimens,  are  sometimes  less  apparent  than  in  0.  fulgens,  as 
may  be  seen  in  the  individual  of  which  I  include  a  photograph  (pi. 
37,  fig.  6)  and  which  is  from  the  Siboga  collection,  while  these  out- 
lines are  very  clearly  shown  in  the  specimen  from  station  5132,  of 
which  a  photograph  is  given  in  figure  5.  The  breaking  up  of  these 
plates  is,  generally  speaking,  very  much  less  marked  in  O.  pulchella 
than  in  the  other  species  of  the  genus ;  the  broken  plates  occur  only 
on  the  first  arm  segments,  and  the  fragments,  delimited  by  one  or 
two  grooves  only,  are  always  few  in  number. 

The  tentacle  scale,  a  little  more  developed  than  in  O.  fulgens,  is, 
however,  of  rather  small  size;  I  give  a  photograph  of  it  (pi.  103, 
fig-  5/).  As  in  O.  fulgens,  this  scale  disappears  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  disk. 

Ophiogymna  pulchella  was  found  by  the  Siboga  in  a  few  localities 
in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  at  depths  between  73  and  247  meters  (40  to 
135  fathoms) ;  one  specimen  from  Amboina,  without  a  record  of  the 
depth,  was  undoubtedly  collected  at  low  tide. 

OPHIOCNEMIS  MARMORATA   (Lamarck). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ophiocnemis  marmorata  KCEHLEE  ('05),  p.  112;  ('07),  p.  339. — MACINTOSH 
('11),  p.  166.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  283;   ('15a>),  p.  90. 

Locality. — Albatross  station.  5421 ;  between  Panay  and  Guimaras; 
Lusaran  Point  Light  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  9.27  kilometers  (5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  10°  33'  30"  N.,  long.  122°  26'  00"  E.) ;  250  meters 
(137  fathoms) ;  March  30,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41178,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  single  specimen  is  of  small  size,  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  being  only  7  mm. 

Ophiocnemis  marmorata  is  very  widely  distributed  over  the  whole 
Indo-Pacific  region ;  it  is  known  from  Zanzibar,  Ceylon,  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  Singapore,  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  the  coast  of  north- 
western Australia,  etc. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      297 
OPHIOTHELA  DANAE  Verrill. 

Plate  59,  figs.  1,  2,  3 ;  plate  103,  fig.  1. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiothela   danae  KCEHLEB    ('05),  p.   117;    ('05b),  p.  458;    ('07),  p.   340; 
('07b),  p.  253.— H.  L.  CLABK   ('15),  p.  284.— MATSUMOTO   ('17),  pT  281. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5139;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  51°  W.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
6°  06"<QOV/  N.,  long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms)  ;  Feb- 
;  co.  S. 

(Cat.  No.  41274,  U.S.N.M.). 

AWaiross  station  5147;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilometers  (8.4 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ;  38  meters 
(21  fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41275,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5151;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Sirun  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  58°  E.,  35.77  kilometers  (19.4  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  24'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  27'  15"  E.)  ;  44  meters  (24 
fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41273,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5169 ;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Sibutu 
Island;  Sibutu  Island  (SE.)  bearing  N.  38°  E.,  14.83  kilometers 
(8  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  32'  15"  N.,  long.  119°  22'  45"  E.) ;  18 
meters  (10  fathoms) ;  February  27,  1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41271,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5218;  between  Burias  and  Luzon;  Anima  Sola 
Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  10°  W.,  3.71  kilometers  (2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  11'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  02'  45"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20  fathoms) ; 
April  22,  1908 ;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41272,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  from  station  5139  are  very  small,  and  the 
diameter  of  their  disks  seldom  exceeds  1.5  mm.;  that  from  station 
5147,  which  is  a  little  larger,  is  in  process  of  schizogonic  multipli- 
cation, and  the  completely  developed  arms  are  only  four.  The  other 
two  have  six  almost  equal  arms. 

On  plate  103,  as  figure  1, 1  show  the  hook  formed  by  the  first  ven- 
tral arm  spine,  at  the  base  of  the  arms  (b)  and  in  their  terminal 
part  (a),  as  well  as  the  other  arm  spines  (<?). 

On  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  the  specimen  from  station  5151 
shows  rather  large  and  abundant  tubercles  such  as  are  usually  seen 
in  the  species ;  it  agrees  well  with  the  descriptions  which  have  been 
published  by  Liitken  in  1872  and  by  Loriol  in  1893  under  the  name 
of  0.  isidicola.  On  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  there  may  be 


298  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

distinguished  the  transverse  tubercles,  larger  than  the  others,  which 
were  especially  noticed  by  Loriol  (pi.  69,  fig.  3). 

The  general  coloration  is  pinkish  gray,  with  dark  blue  striae  on 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  on  the  arms.  The  specimen  from 
station  5169,  which  is  almost  of  the  same  size  as  the  preceding,  shows 
a  darker  coloration;  the  general  tint  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk  is  a  rather  dark  blue,  and  the  ventral  surface  is  gray ;  the  dor- 
sal surface  of  the  disk  shows  wavy  striae  with  some  dark  blue  spots 
which  are  more  numerous  than  on  the  specimen  from  station,  5151 ;  tf 
this  individual  is  remarkable  for  the  slight  developmental  the 
tubercles  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  These  tubercle^Jpcely,^ 
appear  except  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  and  it  is  seldom  that 
a  small  one  is  seen  here  and  there  on  the  radial  shields;  the  central 
region  of  the  disk  is  quite  without  them.  On  the  arms  these  tubercles 
are  relatively  less  numerous  than  in  the  specimen  from  station  5151 ; 
but  in  compensation  the  transverse  tubercle  of  each  segment  is  more 
marked  while  the  others  are  smaller  and  less  numerous,  and  do  not 
form  the  two  more  or  less  apparent  transverse  series  which  are  dis- 
tinguishable in  that  from  station  5151.  These  smaller  tubercles 
occur  only  on  the  first  arm  segments,  and  they  disappear  rapidly  so 
that  the  large  transverse  tubercle  alone  persists. 

I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  give  my  specimens  the  name  of 
Ophiothela  danae  for  the  same  reasons  that  I  gave  in  1905,  and  I 
still  believe  that  there  is  no  necessity  for  separating  O.  danae  and 
O.  isidicola;  the  species  so  understood  is  rather  widely  distributed 
in  the  Indo-Pacific  region. 

Matsumoto,  who  has  recently  recorded  0.  danae  from  various 
localities  in  Japan,  also  concedes  its  identity  with  O.  isidicola,  and 
with  0.  verrilli  Duncan  as  well.  He  describes  the  different  variations 
of  Japanese  individuals  ('17,  p.  230). 

OPHIOTHELA  VINCULA  Mortensen. 

Plate  59,  fig.  4. 

Ophiothela  vincula  MORTENSEN  ('13),  p.  14,  pi.  1,  figs.  11-13. — H.  L.  CLABK 
('15),  p.  285. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5218;  between  Burias  and  Luzon; 
Anima  Sola  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  10°  W.,  3.71  kilometers  (2  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  11'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  02'  45"  E.) ;  36  meters  (20 
fathoms) ;  April  22,  1908;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen. 

Notes. — The  specimen  agrees  well  with  Mortensen's  description. 
The  diameter  of  its  disk  is  4  mm.  I  include  a  photograph  of  it. 

The  type  series  of  O.  vincula  came  from  the  Philippines  (San  Ber- 
nardino Strait) ,  where  it  was  met  with  at  a  depth  of  from  50  to  100 
fathoms  (92  to  184  meters). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     299 
OPHIOMAZA  CACAOTICA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiomaza  cacaotica  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  Ill;   ('07),  p.  339. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  283. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57 
kilometers  (8.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10" 
E.) ;  38  meters  (21  fathoms) ;  February  16,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  160,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5205;  off  the  east  coast  of  Leyte  Island;  Cagua- 
yan  Point  bearing  N.  2°  E.,  1.30  kilometers  (0.7  mile)  distant  (lat. 
11°  19'  30"  N.,  long.  124°  58'  05"  E.) ;  15  meters  (8  fathoms) ; 
April  13,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  159,  U.S.N.M.). 

Limbones  Coves. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41156,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Ophiomaza  cacaotica  has  been  recorded  from  various 
localities  in  the  Indo-Pacific  region — Sea  of  Japan,  Sunda  Islands, 
New  Caledonia,  east  coast  of  Australia,  Mergui  Archipelago,  Trinco- 
malee,  Zanzibar,  etc. ;  the  Siboga  found  it  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago 
at  depths  between  16  and  69  meters  (9  to  38  fathoms). 

OPHIOMAZA  FUSCA,  new  species. 

Plate  41,  figures  5,  6. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5145;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  16°  E.,  1.57  kilometers  (0.85  mile)  distant  (lat. 
6°  04'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  59'  30"  E.) ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms) ;  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41167,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9.5  mm. ;  the  arms  are 
rather  thick  and  short,  but  it  is  difficult  to  appreciate  their  exact 
length,  as  they  are  more  or  less  strongly  incurved,  and,  besides,  three 
of  them  are  incomplete ;  but  I  do  not  believe  that  their  length  could 
have  exceeded  25  mm. 

The  individual  is  not  quite  normal ;  one  of  the  arms,  which  is  very 
small,  is  in  process  of  regeneration;  furthermore,  the  arrangement 
of  the  upper  arm  plates  of  the  disk  show  certain  irregularities. 

The  disk  is  almost  rectangular,  with  three  sides  straight  and  the 
fourth  convex.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  irregularly  polyg- 
onal plates,  which  are  very  unequal  and  disposed  without  any  order ; 
the  primary  plates  are  quite  indistinct.  The  radial  shields  are  rather 
large,  very  much  larger  than  the  other  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface ; 
they  are  oval,  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length  is  in  gen- 


300  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

eral  equal  to  a  third  of  the  radius  of  the  disk;  but  they  are  very 
unequal.  On  two  adjacent  pairs  the  shields  are  widely  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  row  of  plates;  in  the  pair  at  the  base  of  the 
small  arm  the  two  shields  are  separated  by  two  rows  of  plates,  while 
in  the  pair  opposite  the  two  shields  are  in  contact.  The  two  shields 
of  the  fifth  pair  appear  fused  into  a  single  plate  which  must  have 
united  with  a  certain  number  of  the  neighboring  plates,  for  it  is  very 
much  larger  than  the  sum  of  two  normal  radial  shields. 

The  part  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  beyond  the  large  mouth 
shields  and  between  the  two  genital  plates  is  naked.  The  genital  slits 
are  very  broad.  The  genital  plates  are  large,  much  broadened,  three 
times  as  long  as  broad. 

The  mouth  shields  are  extremely  large,  triangular,  at  least  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle ;  the  lateral  angles 
are  broadly  rounded,  and  the  distal  side  is  concave.  The  adoral  plates 
are  large  and  short,  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  oval ;  the  oral 
plates  are  large  and  high.  The  tooth  papillae  are  arranged  in  three 
rows;  the  external  papillae  are  larger  and  stouter  than  those  in  the 
median  region.  The  mouth  shields  and  the  adoral  plates  are  covered 
with  small  shining  granules,  surrounded  by  a  dark  circle,  and  widely 
separated  from  each  other ;  the  same  granules  occur  on  the  under  arm 
plates. 

The  first  upper  arm  plates  which  follow  the  dorsal  plates  separat- 
ing the  radial  shields  of  each  pair,  are  at  first  small  and  more  or  less 
irregular,  or  even  broken  up  into  unequal  fragments,  and  they  do  not 
cover  the  whole  space  outwardly  bounded  by  the  side  arm  plates; 
but  these  plates  soon  become  regular  and  then  appear  very  large, 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  long  sides  parallel,  the  distal  a  little 
convex,  and  the  proximal  a  little  concave ;  the  sides  are  each  bounded 
by  two  small  straight  borders  forming  between  them  an  obtuse  angle. 
At  some  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms,  these  two  sides  are  re- 
placed by  an  uninterrupted  border  directed  obliquely  outward  and 
united  by  a  sharp  angle  to  the  distal  side,  this  last  from  that  point 
onward  becoming  appreciably  larger  than  the  proximal  side.  All 
these  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  quadrangular,  a  little  longer  than 
broad.  The  second  is  also  quadrangular,  with  a  very  short  and 
rounded  proximal  border,  the  sides  strongly  divergent  and  excavated 
in  the  middle  by  the  corresponding  tentacle  pore,  and  a  very 'broad 
and  very  strongly  convex  distal  border;  this  plate  is  a  little  longer 
than  broad.  On  the  following  plates  the  proximal  border  broadens 
and  becomes  equal  to  the  distal  side,  while  the  sides  become  very 
much  shorter;  the  plates  then  assume  a  strictly  quadrangular  form. 
The  third  plate  is  almost  as  long  as  broad,  but  the  following  become 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEKS.      301 

much  broader  than  long,  and  they  are  finally  three  times  as  broad  as 
long.  These  plates  are  not  in  contact,  but  remain  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  narrow  interval  occupied  by  soft  tissue. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  rather  projecting,  bear  at  the  base 
of  the  arms  four  rather  thick  arm  spines  which  are  broadened  at  the 
base  with  the  tip  rounded ;  the  two  ventral  spines  are  rather  "short ; 
the  two  others  are  longer  and  their  length  may  equal  two  segments 
on  the  ten  or  fifteen  first  arm  segments.  The  third  spine  is  usually 
a  little  longer  than  the  fourth.  Beyond  the  fifteenth  segment  the 
spines  become  shorter,  and  they  scarcely  exceed  the  segment  in  length. 
Seen  under  the  microscope,  the  surface  of  these  spines  appears  cov- 
ered with  fine  asperities. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  small,  short,  and  rounded,  and  its  surface  is 
also  provided  with  fine  asperities. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  black,  with  no  ornamentation. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  genus  Ophiomaza  up  to 
now  has  included  only  three  species — O.  cacaotica  Lyman,  0.  moerens 
Krehler,  and  0.  obscura  (Ljungman).  The  new  species,  which  most 
certainly  belongs  to  the  same  genus,  differs  from  the  three  others,  and 
especially  from  0.  cacaotica,  by  its  very  much  smaller  radial  shields; 
it  is  further  distinguished  from  them  by  its  large  mouth  shields 
which  with  the  genital  plates  cover  a  large  part  of  the  ventral  surface 
of  the  disk. 

Very  recently  Matsumoto  has  described  a  species  from  Japan — O. 
kanekoi  ('17,  p.  227) — from  which  O.  fusca  also  differs  in  the  reduced 
size  of  its  radial  shields  and  in  the  greater  dimensions  of  its  mouth 
shields.  H.  L.  Clark  has  referred  to  the  genus  Ophiomaza  Brock's 
Liltkenia  cataphracta  ('15,  p.  283),  which  raises  to  six  the  total  num- 
ber of  the  species  in  the  genus  Ophiomaza. 

OPHIOPTERON  ELEGANS  Ludwig. 

Plate  60,  figs.  1,  2,  5 ;  plate  103,  fig.  4. 

See  for  bibliography: 
Ophioptcron  elegans  KCEHLER  ('04).  p.  112. — H.  L.  CLAKK  ('15),  p.  282. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5136;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo:  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  37°  E.,  1.30  kilometers  (0.7  mile)  distant  (lat.  6° 
04'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  59'  20"  E.)  ;  40  meters  (22  fathoms) ;  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1908 ;  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41308,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5150;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Siasi;  Sirun  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  34°  E.,  21.68  (11.7  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  23'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  35'  45"  E.) ;  38  meters  (21 
fathoms);  February  1«,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41310,  41311,  U.S.N.M.). 


302  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5179;  in  the  vicinity  of  Romblon;  Romblon 
Light  bearing  S.  56°  E.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
12°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  122°  12'  30"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms) ; 
March  25,  1908 ;  hrd.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat  No.  41309  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  two  specimens  from  station  5150,  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  reach  5  mm.,  are  quite  in  agreement 
with  Lud wig's  description,  especially  in  reference  to  the  form  of  the 
club  spines  with  their  funnel-like  ends  which  cover  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk.  I  show  the  two  surfaces  of  one  of  these,  as  well  as  a 
more  enlarged  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  (pi.  60,  figs. 
1,2,5). 

The  specimen  from  station  5136,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
is  only  4  mm.,  is  interesting  in  that  its  club  spines  are  less  developed 
and  resemble  rather  club  spines  terminated  by  a  crown  of  simple 
spinules  like  those  met  with  in  numerous  species  of  Ophiothrix. 
These  club  spines  are  smaller  than  is  usual  in  O.  elegans,  and  they 
bear  a  crown  formed  by  a  half  dozen  short  spinules  which  are  united 
by  a  slightly  developed  membrane  (pi.  103,  fig.  4d).  In  the  specimen 
from  station  5179,  in  which  the  disk  has  almost  the  same  diameter, 
these  club  spines  are  more  differentiated,  and  their  funnel-like  form, 
which  is  more  marked,  recalls  those  which  I  find  in  the  specimens 
from  station  5150.  On  the  border  of  the  disk  the  transformation  of 
the  complicated  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  into  the  ordinary 
club  spines  terminated  by  simple  spinules  which  are  seen  on  the 
central  surface  may  be  followed. 

The  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  is  thick  and  well 
developed ;  it  agrees  with  the  ordinary  three-branched  form ;  the  size 
of  the  branches  diminishes  from  the  last  to  the  first,  which  may  be 
rather  stout  (pi.  103,  fig.  45).  The  tentacle  scale,  which  is  fairly 
well  developed,  ends  in  a  very  long  point  (e). 

Ophiopteron  elegans  has  been  found  in  a  number  of  localities  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  in  the  Andaman, 
Laccadive,  and  Maldive  Islands,  and  on  the  Macclesfield  Bank,  but 
it  is  always  rare  and  has  never  been  taken  except  in  very  small  num- 
bers. 

OPHIOPTERON  GRATUM,  new  species. 

Plate  60,  figs.  3,  4 ;  plate  103,  fig.  2. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5152;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group;  Pajumajan  Island  (W.),  bearing  S.  2°  W.,  3.70  kilo- 
meters (2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  22'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  15'  45'-'  E.) ; 
62  meters  (34  fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908:  wh.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41307,  U.S.N.M.). 

. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     303 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  3  mm. ;  the  arms  are  from 
15  mm.  to  18  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  few  plates, 
among  which  a  circular  dorso-central  which  is  very  much  larger  than 
the  others  may  be  distinguished.  These  plates  form  five  broad  inter- 
radial  bands  in  which  they  are  arranged  in  two  or  three  rows~|  they 
are  rounded  or  oval,  somewhat  unequal,  and  those  which  are  close  to 
the  dorso-central  plate  are  larger  than  the  others.  Toward  the 
periphery  of  the  disk  the  plates  become  rapidly  very  much  smaller 
and  more  numerous,  and  they  cover  a  semicircular  space  which  pro- 
jects outward  between  the  arms,  encroaching  upon  about  half  the 
length  of  the  distal  border  of  each  radial  shield.  The  dorsal  plates 
of  the  disk  are  without  club  spines,  and  these  only  occur  at  the 
periphery  of  the  disk  on  the  plates  of  the  latter,  or  on  those  of  the 
two  last  rows,  whence  they  continue  onto  the  ventral  surface.  The 
club  spines  are  short,  rather  thick,  ending  in  three  or  four  triangular 
and  very  short  spinules.  The  radial  shields  are  triangular  and  rather 
small ;  their  length  equals  about  half  the  radius  of  the  disk,  and  they 
are  almost  twice  as  long  as  broad;  the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are 
slightly  divergent  and  close  together,  though  not  in  contact,  out- 
wardly and  separated  by  a  single  row  of  plates. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  does  not  show  distinct  plates,  but 
it  is  covered  over  its  whole  extent  with  club  spines  which  are  more 
developed  than  those  seen  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  on  viewing 
the  ophiuran  from  the  dorsal  surface,  and  these  club  spines  all  termi- 
nate in  three  or  four  short  and  triangular  spinules. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  broader  than  long,  are  lozenge - 
shaped,  with  the  angles  rounded.  The  adoral  plates  are  triangular 
with  the  apex  rounded ;  they  are  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial 
line,  and  they  broaden  progressively  outwardly.  The  oral  plates  are 
high.  The  tooth  papillae  are  arranged  in  three  rows  only,  two 
lateral  and  a  median. 

The  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  large  and  broad,  are  trapezoidal 
with  a  straight  and  slightly  concave  proximal  border,  and  a  broad 
and  convex  distal  border  passing  over  by  rounded  angles  into  the 
sides,  which  are  very  slightly  concave.  All  these  plates  are  broadly 
in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  rectangular,  and  broader  than 
long.  The  following  plates  are  rectangular,  at  first  as  broad  as 
long,  then  becoming  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  the  sides  slightly 
convex  and  the  angles  rounded.  They  are  very  broadly  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  eight  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms. 
The  four  ventral  seines  are  free.  From  the  commencement  of  the 
arms  the  first  assume  s  the  form  of  a  hook  which  usually  shows  only 


304  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

two  branches;  these  are  stout  and  subequal  (pi.  103,  fig.  2a).  The 
following  spines  develop  progressively  from  the  second  to  the  fifth ; 
the  elongation  is  insignificant  from  the  second  (c)  to  the  third  (d) 
and  to  the  fourth  (e) ;  this  last  exceeds  the  segment  in  length,  and 
the  fifth,  which  is  markedly  stouter  (/),  reaches  a  length  of  two 
segments.  These  spines  are  smooth  over  almost  two-thirds  of  their 
length,  and  they  show  in  their  terminal  third  numerous  very  stout 
and  much  elongated  pointed  teeth  which  are  very  close  to  each 
other.  The  general  appearance  of  these  teeth  with  the  integument 
which  covers  them  is  that  of  a  well-developed  head  terminating  the 
spine.  The  three  following  spines  are  smaller  and  their  length  as 
well  as  their  thickness  decreases  rapidy  to  the  last^dorsal,  which  is 
short  and  very  slender.  These  four  last  spines  are  united  by  a  thin 
and  transparent  wing-like  expansion  such  as  occurs  in  the  genus 
Ophiopteron,  which  is  continued  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  arms,  though 
not  including  more  than  three  spines.  This  expansion  remains 
strictly  limited  to  the  sides  of  the  arms,  and  does  not  pass  onto 
their  ventral  surface. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  much  elongated  and  is  chiefly  formed  by  a 
spine  rather  thick  at  the  base  which  tapers  gradually  in  such  a  way 
as  to  reach  a  considerable  length  (fig.  2b.) 

The  general  color  of  the  specimen  is  gray.  In  the  middle  of  the 
disk  there  is  a  dark  blue  central  spot,  which  gives  off  radially  five 
broad  bands  passing  between  the  radial  shields  of  each  pair  and  en- 
croaching upon  their  internal  borders,  which  continue  along  the 
median  line  of  the  arms,  where  their  width  diminishes.  On  either 
side  of  this  dark  blue  line  there  is  a  less  well  defined  line  of  lighter 
blue  which  is  slightly  marked  at  the  level  of  the  distal  border  of  the 
dorsal  plates.  The  ventral  surface  is  light  gray ;  the  middle  of  the 
arms  has  the  same  light  coloration,  and  on  either  side  there  runs  a 
rather  broad  light  blue  band  bounded  by  the  lateral  borders  of  the 
under  arm  plates. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiopteron  gratum,  is  very 
close  to  0.  gymnatum,  which  Macintosh  described  in  1911  from  speci- 
mens from  the  Mergui  Archipelago.  The  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk 
have  a  somewhat  different  arrangement,  but  the  radial  shields  are 
larger  in  O.  gymnatum  and  the  interradial  plates  are  arranged  in 
several  rows.  The  club  spines  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  do 
not  reach  the  dorsal  surface  at  all  in  0.  gymnatum,  while  in  the  new 
species  they  encroach  slightly  from  that  surface.  The  adoral  plates 
are  extremely  slender  in  the  species  from  the  Mergui  Archipelago, 
instead  of  being  triangular  and  rather  thick  outwardly  as  in  O. 
gratum;  the  color  of  the  dark  lines  which  extend  jver  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk  and  over  the  arms  is  quite  dif  rent ;  it  is  purple  in 
O.  gymnatum  instead  of  being  blue.  These  J'nes,  though  they  have 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      305 

the  same  arrangement,  are  narrower  in  O.  gymnatum.  I  have  a 
specimen  of  0.  gymnatum  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr.  Macintosh,  and  I 
have  been  able  to  convince  myself  that  the  two  species  are  entirely 
different. 

The  discovery  of  a  new  Ophiopteron  raises  the  number  of  known 
species  in  this  interesting  genus  to  six. 

OPHIOPTERON  PUNCTO-COERULEUM  Koehler. 

Plate  58,  figs  5,  6,  7 ;  plate  103,  fig.  3. 

Ophiopteron  pimcto-coeruleum  K<E&LEB   ('05),  p.  114,  pi.  12,  figs.  5-7;  pi. 
15,  fig.  6.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  282. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5150;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  .the 
vicinity  of  Siasi;  Sirun  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  34°  E.,  21.68  kilo- 
meters (11.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  23'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  35'  45" 
E.)  ;  38  meters  (21  fathoms) ;  February  18,  1908;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41306,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  3  mm. ;  the  arms  are  from  20 
mm.  to  22  mm.  long. 

On  plate  58,  figures  5,  6.  7, 1  give  three  photographs  of  this  pretty 
little  species,  which  show  better  than  the  figures  which  I  have  pre- 
viously published  its  elegant  scheme  of  coloration  and  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  blue  spots  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  body.  In  addition 
the  photographs  on  plate  103,  figure  3,  show  the  hook  corresponding 
to  the  first  ventral  arm  spine,  which  is  always  well  developed  and 
has  sometimes  two  and  sometimes  three  branches  (a),  the  third 
ventral  spine  (b)  and  one  of  the  lateral  spines  (#),  and  two  tentacle 
scales  (d).  These  last  are  moderately  developed  and  end  in  a  long 
point  which  is  usually  single,  though  frequently  there  are  two  equal 
or  unequal  points. 

Ophiopteron  puncto-coeruleum  was  found  by  the  Siboga  at  Flores, 
Rotti,  and  the  Aru  Islands,  at  depths  varying  from  13  to  40  meters  (7 
to 22  fathoms). 

Order  IV.  CHILOPHIURIDA. 

Family  OPHIOCHITONIDAE. 

OPHIOCHITON  FASTIGATUS  Lyman. 

Plate  76,  figs.  1-8,  10,  11. 

Ophiochiton  fastigatus  LYMAN  (78),  p.  132,  pi.  7,  figs.  182,  183;   ('82),  p. 
176,  pi.  24,  figs.  13-15— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  133;   ('15),  p.  287. 

Localities.— Albatross  station  5348;  Palawan  Passage;  Point  Ta- 
bonan  bearing  S.  89°  E.,  62.08  kilometers  (33.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  57'  45  K,  long.  118°  38'  15"  E.) ;  685  meters  (375  fathoms) ;  De- 
cember 27,  1908 ;  Co.,  S. 

55269— 22— Bui.  100 20 


306  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  171,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatrovs  station  5582;  in  the  vicinity  of  Darvel  Bay,  Borneo;  Si 
Amil  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  82°  W.,  11.5  kilometers  (6.2  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  4°  19'  54"  N.,  long.  110°  58'  38"  E.) ;  1.628  meters  (890 
fathoms) ;  September  26,  1909;  gy.  M.,  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  1TO,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5585 ;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity ;  Sipadan 
Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  89°  W.,  19.84  kilometers  (12  miles)  distant 
(lat.  4°  07'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  49'  54"  E.) ;  870  meters  (476  fathoms) ; 
September  28, 1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  169,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5619:  Molucca  Passage.  March  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  78°  E.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  14'  40"  E.) :  796  meters  (435  fathoms) :  November  27, 
1909 :  fne.  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  172,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5650;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lanmlu  Point  bear- 
ing N.  5°  W.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  53'  45" 
S.,  long.  121°  29'  00"  E.) ;  988  meters  (540  fathoms) ;  December  17, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  173,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of. the  disk  varies  between  16  mm.  (in  the 
specimen  from  station  5619)  and  26  mm.  (in  that  from  station  5348). 

H.  L.  Clark  ('11,  p.  133)  has  already  recorded  certain  variations 
observed  by  him  in  specimens  of  O.  fastigatus  from  Japan,  which 
have  to  do  principally  with  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  and  of  the 
adoral  plates,  as  well  as  the  number  of  arm  spines.  He  finds  that  the 
mouth  shields,  which  typically  are  broader  than  long,  may  acquire  an 
oval  outline  and  become  as  long  as  broad ;  the  arm  spines  are  some- 
times only  two  in  number,  but  reach  four  in  the  large  specimens. 
The  adoral  plates  are  sometimes  very  greatly  reduced  and  may 
even  be  completely  lacking  when  the  oral  plates  are  elongated.  The 
development  of  the  ventral  keel  of  the  arms  varies  considerably. 

In  five  specimens  from  the  Albatross  collection  I  find  still  more 
extensive  variations,  and  these  variations  involve  not  only  the  form 
of  the  mouth  shields  and  of  the  ventral  keel  of  the  arms,  as  well 
as  the  number  of  arm  spines,  but  also  the  relative  dimensions  of 
the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  and  of  the  radial  shields,  and  the 
arrangement  of  the  tentacle  scales. 

Regarding  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk,  I  may  first  of  all  state  that 
the  two  figures  published  by  Lyman  in  1878  and  1882  are  not  perfectly 
in  accord.  In  the  first  figure  (78,  fig.  183)  the  dorsal  plates  of 
the  disk  are  all  very  small  and  almost  equal,  the  primary  plates 
are  distinct  but  also  very  small,  and  the  radial  shields  are  ex- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     307 

tremely  reduced,  their  length  equaling  almost  one-fifth  of  the  radius 
of  the  disk.  In  the  figure  published  in  1882  (pi.  24,  fig.  14),  on 
the  other  hand,  the  plates  become  larger  at  the  periphery  of  the 
disk  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial  shields;  the  primary  plates 
are  larger,  and  the  radial  shields  are  also  larger,  their  length  ex- 
ceeding a  third  of  the  radius  of  the  disk;  in  both  cases  the  same 
specimen  from  Challenger  station  232  is  the  subject.  I  may  add 
that  I  find  among  rny  specimens  the  two  alternatives  figured  by 
Lyman. 

The  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  always  very 
numerous  and  very  small,  but  with  some  variations;  an  arrange- 
ment which  may  be  considered  as  the  mean  is  that  shown  by  the 
specimens  from  stations  5582  and  5585  (pi.  76,  figs.  1,  2) ;  these 
plates  are  a  little  larger  in  the  specimen  from  station  5619  (fig. 
10).  On  the  other  hand,  in  that  from  station  5348  they  are  of  an 
extreme  minuteness  (fig.  4),  and  they  become  only  a  little  larger 
toward  the  borders  of  the  disk  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial 
shields;  the  six  primary  plates  are  also  extremely  small,  though 
they  are  more  evident.  The  dimensions  of  the  radial  shields  also 
vary;  in  the  specimen  from  station  5619  (fig.  10)  they  are  elon- 
gated and  rather  slender,  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  pointed  in- 
wardly, and  their  length  is  equal  to  a  third  the  radius  of  the  disk. 
In  the  specimen  from  station  5582  (fig.  2),  and  especially  in  that 
from  station  5650,  these  shields  are  shorter  and  relatively  a  little 
broader,  their  length  scarcely  reaching  a  quarter  the  radius  of 
the  disk;  they  are  still  more  reduced  in  the  specimen  from  station 
5585  (fig.  1).  and  especially  in  that  from  station  5348  (fig.  4),  in 
which  their  length  scarcely  reaches  a  fifth  the  radius  of  the  disk; 
in  the  last  they  are  small,  triangular,  scarcely  longer  than  broad, 
with  the  proximal  angle  rounded  and  the  internal  border  convex. 

The  keel  on  the  ventral  surface  of  the  arms  is  generally  only 
slightly  marked;  the  specimen  from  station  5583  alone  (fig.  3) 
shoAvs  a  fairly  developed  keel.  This  is  scarcely  indicated  in  those 
from  stations  5348,  5585,  and  5650;  it  is  not  all  evident  in  that 
from  station  5619  which,  it  is  true,  is  smaller  than  the  others,  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  not  exceeding  16  mm. 

It  is  only  in  the  specimen  from  station  5582  (fig.  3)  that  the 
mouth  shields  show  the  broadened  and  low  form  described  by 
Lyman;  these  shields  arc  a  little  higher  and  less  broad  in  the  two 
from  stations  5585  (fig.  7)  and  5619  (fig.  5),  while  in  that  from 
station  5348  (fig.  8)  they  are  still  broader  than  long,  but  their 
proximal  angle  no  longer  exists,  being  replaced  by  a  convex  border 
in  such  a  way  that  the  shields  become  semicircular  with  a  small 
lobe  on  the  middle  of  the  distal  border.  In  the  specimen  from 
station  5650  (fig.  6)  they  are  simply  triangular  and  pronouncedly 


308  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

longer  than  broad,  with  the  proximal  angle  strongly  marked  and 
sharp. 

I  shall  record  also  the  variations  shown  by  the  tentacle  scales. 
These  are  typically  two  in  number,  the  outer  rapidly  becoming 
very  much  larger  than  the  inner.  These  two  scales  may  remain 
subequal  on  the  first  arm  segments  and  the  internal  scale  may  not 
become  really  reduced  until  beyond  about  the  tenth;  this  is  what 
occurs  in  the  specimens  from  stations  5582  (fig.  3),  5585  (fig.  7), 
and  5650  (fig.  6),  but  in  that  from  station  5348  (fig.  8)  this  in- 
ternal scale  becomes  very  much  smaller  than  the  other  beyond  the 
second  segment,  and  it  is  considerably  reduced  on  the  following 
segments.  On  the  other  hand,  this  same  scale  may  be  doubled; 
this  occurs  over  a  large  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms  in  the  speci- 
men from  station  5582,  which  possesses  three  tentacle  scales  (fig. 
11),  one  very  large  and  the  two  others  very  small. 

The  adoral  plates  are  much  elongated  and  more  or  less  narrow, 
but  I  do  not  find  any  variations  so  great  as  those  which  have  been 
described  by  H.  L.  Clark,  and  which  may  go  as  far  as  the  com- 
plete disappearance  of  these  plates  through  a  sort  of  reciprocity 
with  the  oral  plates. 

The  determination  of  the  rather  important  variations  which  I  have 
just  noted  in  O.  fastigatus  has  led  me  to  take  up  again  the  study 
of  the  comparative  characters  of  this  species  and  of  O.  ambulator  ^ 
which  I  established  in  1896  from  specimens  dredged  by  the  Investiga- 
tor in  different  localities  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  at  depths  varying  be- 
tweeen  200  and  890  fathoms.  Before  inquiring  into  whether  0.  am- 
bulator does  not  represent  simply  one  or  other  of  the  variations 
which  I  have  just  described  in  O.  fastigatus,  I  may  say  that  I  con- 
sider O.  carinatus,  described  by  Liitken  and  Mortensen  three  years 
after  my  description  of  O.  ambulator,  as  being  absolutely  identical 
with  it.  I  had  already  foreseen  this  in  1904  ('04,  p.  TO). 

One  of  the  principal  characters  which  distinguishes  O.  ambulator 
from  O.  fastigatus  is  the  large  size  of  the  radial  shields,  for  these 
shields  are  only  a  little  shorter  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk ;  this 
is  the  same  proportion  which  is  shown  by  Liitken  and  Mortensen  in 
their  0.  carinaftus.  Whatever  may  be  the  variations  shown  by  the 
radial  shields  in  0.  fastigatus,  they  always  remain  very  reduced  in  size 
and  never  reach  the  dimensions  which  they  show  in  0.  ambulator  (fig. 
12).  Other  characters  also  show  that  O.  ambulator  is  a  species  very 
distinct  from  0.  fastigatus.  The  keel  which  extends  throughout  the 
whole  length  of  the  ventral  median  line  of  the  arms  in  O.  ambulator 
occurs  with  very  great  constancy ;  it  shows  a  very  remarkable  devel- 
opment and  is  very  much  more  accentuated  than  in-  O.  fastigatus,  in 
which  it  may  sometimes  entirely  disappear.  The  character  furnished 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATEKS.      309 

by  the  keel  is  so  prominent  that  Liitken  and  Mortensen  have  re- 
ferred to  it  in  the  name  chosen  by  them  to  designate  the  species  which 
they  believed  new.  The  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  elevated  in 
both  species,  but  the  upper  arm  plates  of  O.  ambulator  are  less  broad 
than  those  of  0.  fastigatus,  and  the  under  arm  plates  have  a^more 
sinuous  outline,  the  middle  of  their  distal  border  projecting  into  a 
small  and  very  prominent  lobe  coresponding  to  the  ventral  keel 
which  does  not  occur  in  0.  fastigatus.  The  tentacle  scales  are  very 
unequal  in  the  two  species;  in  1896  I  wrote  that  in  0.  ambulator  they 
are  inserted  on  the  same  side  of  the  tentacle  pore  and  are  not  oppo- 
site each  other ;  this  is  correct  only  for  the  pores  of  the  first  pairs,  for 
beyond  the  disk  the  small  inner  scale  becomes  inserted  on  the  under 
arm  plate,  and  it  then  occurs  opposite  the  other  very  much  larger 
scale  as  is  the  condition  in  0.  fastigatus. 

In  studying  O.  ambulator  anew,  I  find  on  one  specimen  a  feature 
which  I  had  not  noticed  in  1896,  and  which,  moreover,  only  occurs 
on  this  one  individual.  This  is  the  presence  on  the  first  arm  segments 
of  much  developed  and  very  evident  ventral  pores ;  I  can  easily  count 
10  pairs  of  them.  These  pores,  quite  comparable  to  those  which  are 
known  in  the  genera  Ophiarachna,  Opliiopeza,  etc.,  are  placed  on 
either  side  of  the  ventral  median  keel  between  the  anterior  border  of 
the  under  arm  plate  and  the  posterior  border  of  the  side  arm  plates. 
These  pores  may  be  easily  seen  on  the  photograph  which  I  give  (fig. 
13).  I  do  not  find  the  least  trace  of  them  in  the  other  specimens 
which  I  have  reexamined,  all  of  which  agree  with  that  of  which  I 
give  a  photograph  in  figure  9.  Liitken  and  Mortensen  did  not  men- 
tion these  pores  in  their  O.  carinatus.  I  shall  have  occasion  to  de- 
scribe in  Bathypectinura  conspicua  similar  variations,  regarding  ven- 
tral pores,  certain  specimens  possessing  up  to  seven  or  eight  pairs, 
and  others  completely  lacking  them ;  comparable  differences  also  oc- 
cur in  Ophiarachna  affmis.  The  presence  or  absence  of  these  proes 
therefore  cannot  be  invoked  to  establish  specific  distinctions. 

I  believe  that  O.  ambulator  (including  0.  carinatus)  can  not  be 
united  with  O.  fastigatus  particularly  on  account  of  the  dimensions 
of  the  radial  shields  and  of  the  development  of  the  ventral  keel, 
which  is  never  lacking  in  the  first  species. 

Matsumoto  has  just  published  some  figures  and  notes  on  the  sub- 
ject of  O.  fastigatus  (17,  p.  328,  fig.  91).  He  records  especially  va- 
riations in  the  form  of  the  adoral  plates  and  the  accidental  presence 
of  the  small  accessory  mouth  shields.  He  considers  Liitken  and  Mor- 
tensen's  O.  carinatus  as  a  synonym  of  0.  fastigatus,  an  opinion  which 
I  can  not  share;  as  I  have  just  explained,  0.  carinatus  is  identical 
with  O.  ambulator,  which  is  very  different  from  0.  fastigatus. 


310  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIONEREIS  DUBIA    (Mullet  and  Troschel). 

/ 

See  for  bibliography:  S 

Opfckwereis  dubia  LOBIOL  ('94),  p.  19.  —  H.  L.  CLABK  ('01),  p.  248.—  KCEHLER 
C05b),  p.  458;  ('07),  p.  315;  ('07b),  p.  246.—  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  280. 

Locality.  —  Albatross  station  5159;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago;  Tawi 
Tawi  Group  ;  Tinakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  82°  W.,  2.59  kilometers 
(1.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  11'  50"  N.,  long.  119°  54'  00"  E.)  ;  18 
meters  (10  fathoms)  ;  February  21,  1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41016,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.  —  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5.5  mm.  The  specimen  agrees 
well  with  the  descriptions  of  authors  and  with  Savigny's  figures. 
The  genital  slits  are  entirely  smooth,  and  this  feature  does  not  permit 
of  referring  the  specimen  to  0.  por  recta,  which  is  frequently  met 
within  the  Indo-Pacific  region. 

OPHIONEREIS  SEMONI   (Doderlein). 

Plate  61,  figs.  1,  2. 

Ophiotriton  semoni  DODERLEIN  ('97),  p.  288,  pi.  15,  figs.  8,  80. 
Ophionereis  semwvl  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  54,  pi.  6,  figs.  7,  8;  pi.  14,  fig.  4.—  H. 
L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  290. 

Locality.  —  Albatross  station  5249;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Lanang  Point 
bearing  N.,  1.85  kilometers  (1  mile)  distant  (lat.  7°  06'  06"  N.,  long. 
125°  40'  08"  E.)  ;  42  meters  (23  fathoms)  ;  May  10,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41012,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes.  —  The  specimen  is  of  small  size,  but  it  is  very  well  character- 
ized ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  4  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  25  mm.  long. 
The  color  of  the  disk  is  a  light  greenish  yellow  ;  the  arms  show  evenly 
spaced  narrow  brown  cross  bands. 

I  have  thought  it  well  to  include  two  photographs  of  this  specimen 
with  a  greater  enlargement  than  that  which  Doderlein  used  (pi.  61, 
figs.  1,2). 

In  1905  I  gave  the  reasons  for  which  it  seemed  to  me  necessary  to 
retain  O.  semoni  in  the  genus  Ophionereis. 

Ophionereis  semoni  has  been  found  in  different  localities  in  the 
Sunda  Islands  at  very  variable  depths  down  to  94  meters  (52  fath- 
oms). 

OPHIODORIS  CONTRARIUS  Koehler. 


contrarius  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  75,  pi.  12,  tigs.  3,  4.  —  H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  290. 

Locality.—  Albatross   station    5601«;    Gulf   of    Tomini,    Celebes; 
Limbe  Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  38.36  kilometers  (20.7  miles)  distant 
(lat,  1°  13'  10"  N.,  long.  125°  17'  05"  E.)  ;  1,399  meters  (765  fath- 
oms) ;  November  13,  1909  ;  S.,  Glob.,  Ptr. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41334,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     311 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7.5  mm. ;  the  arms  are  broken 
off  near  the  base. 

The  specimen  agrees  in  every  way  with  the  type  series  which  I  de- 
scribed in  1904  from  individuals  collected  by  the  Siboga  between  2° 
N.  latitude  and  8°  S.  latitude  and  119°-127°  E.  longitude,  at  depths 
varying  from  1,158  to  1,301  meters  (635  to  711  fathoms). 

OPHIODORIS  MAL1GNUS  Koehler. 

Ophiodoris  maliamis  K<EHLER  ('04),  p.  73,  pi.  12,  figs.  5,  6.— H.  L.  CLARK 
f!5),  p.  290. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5135;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  46°  W.,  22.05  kilometers  (11.9  miles)  distant  (lat. 
6°  11'  50"  N.,  long.  121°  08'  20"  E.) ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms) ; 
February  7,  1908 ;  f ne.  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  41335,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm.;  the  arms,  which  are 
long  and  slender  exceed  60  mm.  in  length ;  they  are  all  intact. 

The  six  primary  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  very 
distinct.  The  adoral  plates  are  not  strictly  limited  to  the  sides  of  the 
mouth  shield  as  in  the  type,  but  they  may  come  into  contact  in  the 
median  interradial  line  by  means  of  an  extremely  narrow  prolonga- 
tion. 

The  color  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  a  slightly  olivaceous 
gray,  but  some  plates  are  lighter  than  others,  becoming  almost  white. 
The  upper  arm  plates  show  a  median  spot  darker  than  the  adjacent 
parts,  which  sometimes  extends  in  such  a  way  as  to  form  a  ring, 
though  this  is  only  very  slightly  marked. 

Family  OPHIOCOMIDAE. 

The  species  belonging  to  the  genus  Ophiocoma  known  up  to  the 
present  time  are  21  in  number;  these  are,  alphabetically  arranged, 
as  follows : 

Ophiocoma  aethiops  Liitken. 
Ophiocoma  alexandri  Lyrnari. 
Ophiocoma  bollonsi  Farquhar. 
Ophiocoma  brevipes  Peters. 
Ophiocoma  brevispina  Smith. 
Ophiocoma  canaliculata  Liitken. 
Op1i4ocoma  doderleini  Loriol. 
Ophiocoma  echinata  (Lamarck). 
Ophiocoma  erinaceus  Miiller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiocoma  insularia  Lyinan. 
Ophiocoma  lineolata  Miiller  and  Troschel. 
Ophiocoma  lubrica  Koehler. 
Ophiocoma  marmorata  Marktamier. 
Ophiocoma  parva  H.  L.  Clark. 


312  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Ophiocoma  jmmila  Liitken. 

Ophiocoma  riisei  Liitken. 

Ophiocoma  schonleini  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina  Lamarck. 

Ophiocoma  valenciae  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

Ophiocoma  variegata  Smith. 

Ophiocoma  wcndtii  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

I  have  not  included  in  this  list  Ophiocoma  papillosa  Lyman  from 
California,  which  really  belongs  to  the  genus  Ophiopteris,  nor  0. 
variabilis  Grube,  which  is  not  recognizable  and  which  Lyman  sup- 
poses to  be  O.  schonleini. 

Ophiocoma  echinata,  O.  pumila,  0.  riisei,  and  0.  marmorata  be- 
long to  the  Atlantic  Ocean;  0.  marmorata  is  recorded  by  Marktanner 
as  coming  from  a  locality  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  Atlantic ; 
this  is  evidently  an  error.  Among  the  other  species  0.  brevipes, 
O.  erinaceus,  O.  lineolata,  0.  scolopendrina,  0.  doderleini,  0.  schon- 
leini^ 0.  valenciae,  and  0.  wendtii  belong  to  the  Indo-Pacific  region, 
and  the  four  first  species  are  very  common  there.  The  others  have 
been  found  less  frequently  and  appear  to  have  more  restricted  habi- 
tats. Ophiocoma  aethiops  and  0.  alexandri  come  from  the  Pacific 
coast  of  Central  America  and  California;  0.  canaliculata  has  only 
been  met  with  in  Australia,  and  O.  bollonsi  in  New  Zealand.  Ophio- 
coma brevispina  and  0.  variegata,  collected  at  the  island  of  Rodri- 
guez, are  perhaps  only  forms  of  0.  brevipes.  Ophiocoma  htbrica 
comes  from  the  Laccadive  Islands,  and  O.  insularia  from  the 
Hawaiian  Islands. 

In  regard  to  these  different  species  I  have  the  following  notes : 

Ophiocoma  doderleini. — In  1915  H.  L.  Clark  gave  O.  doderleini 
as  a  synonym  of  0.  brevipes;  I  do  not  share  that  opinion.  I  shall 
discuss  further  on  in  speaking  of  0.  brevipes  the  characters  which 
distinguish  this  latter  from  O.  doderleini. 

Ophiocoma  aethiops. — This  species  is  known  from  the  descriptions 
of  Liitken  ('59,  p.  145)  and  of  Lyman  ('65,  p.  78) ;  very  recently 
H.  L.  Clark  has  published  two  photographs  of  it  ('15,  pi.  13,  figs. 
6,  7).  Lyman  has  already  described  the  variations  shown  by  O. 
aethiops  regarding  the  number  of  the  tentacle  scales  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  granules  on  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk.  The  ten- 
tacle scale  is  usually  single,  and  it  is  only  double  on  the  two  first 
arm  segments ;  but  often  two  tentacle  scales  occur  over  a  large  number 
of  successive  segments,  and  I  have  in  my  collection  specimens  from 
Panama  in  which  the  tentacle  scales  are  two  in  number  on  most  of  the 
arm  segments  as  far  as  the  twentieth.  In  these  specimens  the  granules 
only  extend  over  a  very  restricted  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of 
the  disk.  The  mouth  shields,  which  are  hexagonal  in  form,  are  very 
much  longer  than  broad,  and  they  may  even  be  almost  twice  as  long 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      313 

as  broad  with  the  sides  almost  straight  and  the  angles  slightly 
rounded.  The  first  dorsal  arm  spine  is  a  little  shorter  than  the 
following,  but  it  is  thicker,  though  without  ever  becoming  swollen. 

Ophiocoma  alexandri. — This  species,  from  the  west  coast  of  Cen- 
tral America  and  Lower  California,  is  well  known  through  Lyman's 
excellent  description  which  unfortunately  was  not  accompanied  by  a 
figure;  but  H.  L.  Clark  has  just  given  two  photographs  ('15,  pi.  16, 
figs.  5,  6)  of  it.  Ophiocoma  alexandri  does  not  appear  to  show  much 
variation;  in  a  specimen  which  I  have  in  my  collection  the  tentacle 
scales  are  two  in  number  as  far  as  the  sixth  segment  (inclusive)  on 
one  of  the  arms;  the  mouth  shields  are  almost  circular,  though  they 
may  be  considered  as  triangular  with  the  angles  very  rounded. 

Ophiocoma  valenciae. — This  species  occurs  throughout  the  whole 
Indo-Pacific  region,  from  the  Red  Sea,  the  east  coast  of  Africa, 
Madagascar,  Mauritius,  and  the  neighboring  regions  to  the  Maldive, 
Laccadive,  and  Mergui  Archipelagoes,  the  Fiji  Islands,  and  Samoa. 
The  descriptions  of  Miiller  and  Troschel  and  of  Liitken  have  been 
supplemented  by  the  remarks  of  Loriol  ('93,  p.  30),  Marktanner,  ('87, 
p.  303),  and  Macintosh  ('11,  p.  160) ;  very  recently  H.  L.  Clark  has 
given  very  good  photographs  of  it  ('15,  pi.  16,  figs.  7,  8).  Ophio- 
coma valenciae  does  not  show  much  variation ;  in  a  specimen  which  I 
have  from  the  Red  Sea  the  granules  of  the  disk  are  rather  large  on 
the  dorsal  surface,  and  at  the  periphery  they  elongate  into  very  short 
spines  of  which  the  point  is  rounded  and  which  pass  over  onto  the 
ventral  surface  where  they  become  slightly  more  elongated.  The 
mouth  shields,  which  are  very  much  rounded,  are  as  long  as  broad, 
as  is  also  shown  in  H.  L.  Clark's  photograph.  In  another  specimen 
from  the  Mergui  Archipelago  the  mouth  shields,  here  also  very 
rounded,  are  distinctly  a  little  broader  than  long,  and  the  arm  spines 
are  six  in  number  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  the  number  then  falling 
to  five;  it  is  not  the  second  dorsal  spine  but  the  third  which  is  the 
longest.  I  find  two  tentacle  scales  on  the  two  first  pairs  of  pores 
only,  and  a  single  one  throughout  the  remainder  of  the  arms. 

Ophiocoma  schonleini. — I  am  not  familiar  with  this  species,  as  I 
have  never  handled  it.  Lyman  considered  it  doubtful  as  he  also  did 
O.  wendtii,  but  very  recently  H.  L.  Clark  ('08,  p.  296)  found  in  a 
collection  from  Amboina  three  quite  characteristic  specimens  of  O. 
schonleini  which  he  described  and  of  which  he  published  later  two 
photographs  ('15,  pi.  15,  figs.  1,  2).  H.  L.  Clark  considers  0.  schon- 
leini as  very  close  to  0.  emnaceus;  it  is  distinguished  from  the  latter 
by  the  presence  of  a  single  tentacle  scale  on  all  the  arm  segments  and 
of  two  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair,  sometimes  on  those  of  the  second, 
and  even  of  the  third;  the  arm  spines  are  shorter  and  the  mouth 
shields  are  slightly  broader  than  in  O.  erinaceus.  According  to  the 
same  author  O.  schonleini  is  distinguished  from  O.  wendtii  by  having 


314  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  mouth  shields  broader,  shorter,  and  almost  equally  broad  toward 
both  extremities,  distal  and  proximal,  by  having  the  first  under  arm 
plates  broader  than  long,  and  by  never  having  the  dorsal  arm  spine 
thickened  or  claviform. 

Ophiocoma  canaliculata  is  only  known  from  a  single  specimen 
which  I  redescribed  in  some  detail  and  figured  in  1904  ('04a,  p.  75). 
It  is  the  only  species  of  Ophiocoma  in  which  the  adoral  plates  are 
developed  in  front  of  the  mouth  shields,  and  are  broadly  united  to 
each  other  in  the  median  interradial  line.  Lyman  ('82,  p.  168)  says 
that  0.  canaliculata  possesses  small  imbricated  scales  at  the  base  of 
the  first  dorsal  arm  spine,  a  feature  which  Liitken  did  not  mention ; 
neither  did  I  mention  it  in  my  description  in  1904,  and  I  do  not  find 
in  my  notes  any  mention  of  it ;  moreover,  I  do  not  find  in  the  photo- 
graphs which  I  took  of  the  unique  type  preserved  in  the  Copenhagen 
Museum  the  least  trace  of  it.  However  that  may  be,  0  canaliculata 
stands  quite  by  itself  in  the  genus  Ophiocoma  and  perhaps  the  study 
of  other  specimens  will  one  day  show  that  it  must  be  placed  in  a 
new  genus. 

Ophiocoma  bollonsi  from  New  Zealand  appears  to  be  very  close 
to  O.  scolopendrina,  but  it  possesses  six  arm  spines  at  the  base  of 
the  arms. 

As  for  Ophiocoma  lubrica,  this  species  has  two  tentacle  scales 
throughout  the  whole  length  of  the  arms,  and  the  adoral  plates  are 
confined  to  the  sides  of  the  mouth  shields;  it  is  a  true  Ophiocoma, 
which  is  especially  characterized  by  the  peculiar  form  of  the  under 
arm  plates. 

Ophiocoma  insularia  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands  was  described  by 
Lyman  as  a  distinct  species  in  1861,  but  it  was  later  united  by  him 
with  0.  brevipes.  H.  L.  Clark  again  considered  it  as  a  distinct 
species,  and  he  gave  two  photographs  of  it  in  1915  ('15,  pi.  15,  figs. 
3,4). 

It  may  be  noticed  that  I  have  not  recorded  above  among  the  At- 
lantic species  of  the  genus  Ophiocoma  O.  nigra  from  the  North 
Atlantic.  This  species,  which  runs  down  from  the  coast  of  Norway 
along  the  coast  of  the  British  Isles  and  of  France  as  far  as  the  Azores 
and  enters  the  Mediterranean  sea,  it  seems  to  me  must  be  removed 
from  the  genus  Ophiocoma  to  form  an  independent  genus.  Ophio- 
coma nigra  is  distinguished  from  all  the  known  species  of  the  genus 
Ophiocoma  by  its  hollow  arm  spines  and  it  was  for  this  reason  that 
Lyman  assigned  it  to  the  genus  Ophioconis,  comparing  it  with  Ophio- 
conis  miliaria  and  O.  antarctica.  Furthermore,  Ophiocoma  nigra 
shows  broad  and  thick  peristomial  plates  very  different  from  those 
which  are  known  in  the  other  species  of  Ophiocoma;  I  include  a 
photograph  of  an  internal  view  of  the  mouth  pi-oces  of  0.  nigra  (pi. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     315 

63,  fig.  6)  for  comparison  with  a  similar  view  of  the  same  structures 
in  0.  scolopendrina  (fig.  5),  and  it  may  be  seen  that  the  differences 
are  very  striking.  The  peristomial  plates  of  0.  scolopendrina  are 
very  thin,  elongated,  and  four  times  as  along  as  broad,  while  in  O. 
nigra  these  plates  are  very  much  more  developed  and  broadened; 
they  are  twice  as  long  as  broad  only,  with  the  borders  slightly  re- 
curved. Viewed  externally  the  mouth  pieces  of  0.  nigra  show  an- 
other peculiarity.  The  mouth  shields  are  very  much  broader  than 
long,  contrary  to  what  is  found  in  the  genus  Ophiocoma,  in  which 
they  are  ordinarily  elongated  and  longer  than  broad,  rarely  as  long 
as  broad,  and  they  are  only  broader  than  long  quite  exceptionally  in 
the  single  form  from  the  island  of  Rodriguez  which  Smith  has  de- 
scribed under  the  name  of  0.  brevispina.  The  adoral  plates  are  very 
elongated,  and  they  extend  for  the  whole  length  of  the  proximal 
border  of  the  mouth  shield  as  far  as  the  median  interradial  line  where 
they  are  in  contact ;  they  thus  come  to  be  three  or  four  times  as  long 
as  broad;  these  plates  are  very  tapering  in  their  internal  portion 
which  runs  along  the  proximal  border  of  the  mouth  shield,  while  they 
broaden  outwardly  to  form  a  much  developed  lobe  separating  the 
mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  This  form  of  the  adoral 
plate  contrasts  with  that  which  occurs  in  the  genus  Ophiocoma  in 
which  they  remain  always  localized  on  the  sides  of  the  mouth  shield, 
showing  a  triangular  shape  and  rather  reduced  dimensions;  I  have 
recorded  above  the  single  exception  known  in  0.  canaliculata.  The 
oral  plates  of  0.  nigra  are  high  and  elongated,  two  or  three  times  as 
high  as  broad,  while  in  the  genus  Ophiocoma  they  usually  are  very 
low. 

These  characters  may  be  appreciated  on  the  photographs  which  I 
give  here  of  different  specimens  of  O.  nigra,  some  from  the  northern 
seas  or  from  Roscoff,  the  others  from  the  Azores  and  from  Sicily  (pi. 
75,  figs.  1-6). 

In  the  catalogue  of  recent  ophiurans  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  just 
published  0.  nigra  is  given  in  the  genus  Ophiacantha  under  the  name 
of  0.  sphaerulata  (Pennant).  This  generic  treatment,  which  is  cer- 
tainly based  on  the  similarity  in  the  characters  of  the  spines,  does  not 
seem  to  me  acceptable  for,  among  other  things,  the  peristomial  plates 
of  O.  nigra  differ  entirely  from  those  which  we  know  in  the  genus 
Ophiacantha,  in  which  there  occurs  in  each  interradius  a  single  large 
and  rounded  peristomial  plate,  a  condition  which  is  entirely  different 
from  that  which  my  photograph  shows  (compare  it  with  the  figures 
of  Lyman  '92,  pi.  41,  fig.  12,  and  also  with  that  of  Matsumoto  '17 
pi.  3,  fig.  1). 

It  therefore  appears  to  me  necessary  to  create  for  0.  nigra  a  new 
genus,  to  which  I  propose  to  give  the  name  Ophiocomina  and  which 
is  characterized  as  follows : 


316  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Genus  OPHIOCOMINA  Kcehler.12 

Ophiocomidae,  with  the  spines  hollow,  like  those  of  Ophiacantha; 
the  disk  is  covered  with  granules  on  both  surfaces;  the  mouth  shields 
are  transversely  broadened;  the  much-elongated  adoral  plates  are  in 
contact  in  the  median  interradial  line;  they  broaden  outwardly  and 
more  or  less  widely  separate  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm 
plate;  the  oral  plates  are  high;  the  mouth  and  tooth  papillae  are 
arranged  as  in  the  genus  Ophiocoma. 

Except  for  the  characters  shown  by  the  spines  there  are  none  which 
recall  the  genus  Ophiacantha,  and  all  the  affinities  of  the  genus 
Ophiocomina  are  with  the  genus  Ophiocoma. 

The  genus  Ophiocomina  as  yet  seems  to  be  represented  only  by  a 
single  species,  O.  nigra,  which  lives  in  the  North  Atlantic  between  the 
coasts  of  Norway  and  the  Azores  and  enters  the  Mediterranean. 
Ophiocomina  nigra,  with  its  long  divergent  arm  spines,  has  a  general 
appearance  recalling  very  strongly  that  of  Ophiacantha  ~bidentata, 
and  it  is  certain  that  these  two  species  have  been  very  often  confused. 
This  is  evidently  the  reason  why  certain  authors  have  mentioned  0. 
nigra  from  the  Arctic  seas,  from  Spitzbergen  and  from  the  Barents 
Sea,  for  example ;  they  refer  in  reality  to  Ophiacantha  l>identata,  for 
O.  nigra,  an  essentially  boreal  species,  does  not  ascend  to  these  very 
high  latitudes  and  does  not  appear  to  pass  the  latitude  of  Trond- 
hjem  or  of  Storeggen. 

Since  I  have  had  occasion  here  to  speak  of  0.  nigra,  I  shall  request 
permission  to  add  a  few  more  words  regarding  the  variations  which 
this  species  shows. 

First  of  all  I  may  mention  that  besides  0.  nigra  two  related  forms 
figure  in  zoological  literature—  0.  raschi,  described  by  G.  O.  Sars  in 
1872  from  specimens  from  the  coasts  of  Norway  (Storeggen,  14G-183 
meters  [80-100  fathoms])  and  O.  tumida  Miiller  and  Troschel,  from 
Genoa. 

Ophiocomina  raschi  is  listed  by  Lyman  in  the  Challenger  report 
('82,  p.  172) ,  but  the  reference  which  this  author  gives  is  incorrect,  for 
this  species  is  not  described  in  the  Danish  publication  "Vid.  selsk. 
forh."  (1872,  p.  39),  but  in  the  Norwegian  "Vid.  selsk.  forh."  pub- 
lished at  Christiania  in  1872,  and  the  description  is  found  on  page 
109.  I  do  not  believe  that  O.  raschi  should  be  maintained  as  a 
distinct  species;  as  Sars  himself  stated  at  the  beginning  of  his  de- 
scription it  does  not  differ  from  0.  nigra  except  in  its  larger  size  and 
a  different  coloration ;  "  color  disci  et  brachiorum  laete  ruber, 
spinarum  albidus,"  says  the  learned  Norwegian  naturalist,  and  he 
gives  for  the  dimensions,  diameter  of  the  disk  20  mm.,  length  of  the 

12  See  Koehler,  in  Mortcnsen,  Vidensk,  Medd,  fra  Dansk  naturh.  Foren.,  K0benhavn,  vol. 
12,  1921,  p.  53;  Kcehler,  Faune  de  Franco,  Echinodermes,  1921,  p.  93. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      31.7 

arms  about  90  mm.  As  for  the  morphological  characters  themselves, 
all  those  which  the  author  gives  may  just  as  well  apply  to  0.  nigra 
which,  as  we  shall  see,  shows  much  variation.  I  shall  mention  further 
on  a  specimen  from  the  coasts  of  Sicily  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  reaches  23  mm. ;  the  size  given  by  Sars  for  0.  raschi  is  thus  much 
exceeded. 

Concerning  the  coloration,  I  may  recall  that  it  is  true  the  disk  of 
O.  nigra  is  generally  more  or  less  dark,  usually  blackish  brown,  but 
Forbes  has  recorded  an  orange  colored  variety  which  is  rather  fre- 
quent in  the  northern  seas,  and  he  has  also  found  in  the  Shetland 
Islands  individuals  of  a  very  beautiful  pink.  On  the  coasts  of  Eng- 
land Ophiocomina  nigra  appears  capable  of  descending  to  depths 
as  great  as  those  recorded  by  Sars  on  the  coasts  of  Norway,  and  it 
has  been  captured  at  all  depths  between  sea  level  and  146  meters  (80 
fathoms)  (see  F.  Jeffrey  Bell,  '84,  p.  129). 

I  have  had  the  opportunity  of  studying  some  specimens  from  the 
Faroe  Islands  collected  by  Doctor  Charcot  in  which  the  disk  is  very 
light  gray,  with  the  spines  almost  white;  I  am  speaking  of  alcoholic 
specimens,  for  the  coloration  in  life  was  not  noted ;  but  it  is  very 
probable  that  the  color  was  lighter  than  usual,  for  in  the  specimens 
of  O.  nigra  in  alcohol  which  I  possess  from  the  coasts  of  England 
and  France  the  disk  always  shows  a  more  or  less  dark  brownish  or 
brownish  yellow  coloration. 

As  for  Ophiocomina  tumida,  this  species  was  created  by  Miiller 
and  Troschel,  who  only  published  a  very  short  description  of  four 
lines,  in  which  they  mention  four  arm  spines  only,  and  as  the  habi- 
tat Genoa,  Lyman  ('65,  p.  TO)  says  on  this  subject:  "The  original 
in  the  Leyden  Museum  is  marked  'Gulf  of  Genoa,'  but  this  looks 
like  a  mistake.  I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  any  Ophiocoma  at 
all  from  the  Mediterranean,"  etc. 

But  many  years  ago  I  received  from  my  excellent  colleague,  Prof. 
A.  Russo,  an  ophiuran  from  the  coast  of  Sicily  which  he  asked  me 
to  determine  for  him  and  which  I  assigned  without  hesitation  to 
O.  nigra.  This  specimen,  of  which  I  figure  here  the  ventral  surface 
(pi.  75,  fig.  4),  is  of  very  large  size;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches 
23  mm. ;  the  arms,  which  measure  4  mm.  in  width  at  the  base,  are  in 
fragments,  but  their  total  length  may  be  estimated  as  100  mm.; 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  of  a  rather  dark  brown;  that  of  the 
arms  is  lighter,  and  the  spines  are  yellowish. 

The  occurrence  of  0.  nigra  in  the  Mediterranean  should  not  be 
surprising,  for  this  species  occurs  also  at  the  Azores,  where  it  was 
found  by  the  Princesse  Alice.  I  include  some  photographs  showing 
two  specimens  from  this  latter  locality  (figs.  1,  2,  3). 

To  complete  these  comparisons,  I  give  a  photograph  of  the  ventral 
surface  of  a  specimen  from  Roscoff  (pi.  75,  fig.  5).  I  believe  that 


318  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATION AL   MUSEUM. 

all  these  specimens  from  different  localities  belong  to  one  and  the 
same  species.  Without  speaking  of  the  differences  of  the  kind 
which  Macintosh  has  so  carefully  noted  ('03,  p.  463),  the  principal 
variations,  always  of  secondary  importance,  which  I  have  been  able 
to  find  in  my  specimens  concern  more  particularly  the  form  of  the 
mouth  shields,  and  in  each  of  the  five  individuals  of  which  I  include 
phptographs  these  plates  show  slightly  different  outlines;  but  in  all 
these  shields  are  always  broader  than  long.  In  the  specimen  from 
Roscoff  (fig.  5)  the  mouth  shields  are  quadrangular;  the  extremely 
obtuse  proximal  angle  is  bounded  by  two  almost  straight  or  slightly 
convex  sides ;  the  two  other  sides,  which  are  very  convex,  are  united 
over  an  angle  so  broad  and  so  rounded  that  together  they  form  a 
single  semicircular  border;  the  shield  carrying  the  water  pore  alone 
has  two  distinct  distal  sides  which  are  very  slightly  excavated  and 
united  by  an  angle  which  develops  into  a  small  median  lobe.  In 
the  specimen  from  the  Faroe  Islands  collected  by  Doctor  Charcot 
(fig.  6)  the  proximal  angle  is  extremely  obtuse  and  is  bounded  by 
very  rounded  sides;  the  two  other  sides  are  distinct;  they  are  slightly 
excavated,  and  the  distal  angle  forms  a  small  rounded  lobe  projecting 
into  the  interradial  space.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  Sicilian  speci- 
men (fig.  4)  the  distal  border  of  the  mouth  shields  is  semi-circular  as 
in  that  from  Roscoff,  while  the  two  proximal  sides  are  united  over 
an  angle  which  projects  in  the  form  of  a  blunted  point  between  the 
two  adoral  plates.  In  a  specimen  from  the  Azores  (fig.  2)  the  mouth 
shields  are  lozenge-shaped,  but  less  broad  and  a  little  longer,  rela- 
tively, than  in  the  others ;  the  proximal  and  the  distal  angle  are  both 
very  obtuse,  though  distinct,  and  almost  of  the  same  form.  In  an- 
other from  the  Azores  (fig.  3)  the  mouth  shields  are  broader  and 
the  relation  between  their  length  and  their  breadth  is  almost  the 
same  as  in  those  from  the  Faroe  Islands,  from  Roscoff.  and  from  the 
Azores ;  the  form  recalls  that  which  I  have  noted  in  the  Sicilian  indi- 
vidual, with  the  proximal  angle  a  little  less  accentuated.  The  vari- 
ations which  may  be  observed  in  the  form  of  the  oral  and  adoral 
plates  are  quite  insignificant.  The  arm  spines  are  usually  seven 
in  number  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  there  are  eight  on  the  first  arm 
segments  in  the  Sicilian  specimen,  which  is  larger  than  the  others. 

It  thus  seems  to  me  impossible  to  establish  a  specific  separation 
between  the  examples  from  the  northern  region  and  those  of  the 
temperate  or  warm  regions  of  the  Atlantic,  and  it  is  evident  that 
O.  nigra  extends  from  the  coasts  of  Norway  as  far  as  the  Azores, 
entering  the  Mediterranean  where  it  will  certainly  be  found  in  other 
localities  than  the  coasts  of  Sicily. 

It  remains  to  be  seen  what  should  be  done  with  O.  tumida.  I  be- 
lieve that  this  name  must  disappear  from  zoological  nomenclature. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      319 

Whether  it  refers  to  an  Ophiocoina  resembling  0.  echinata,  of  which 
the  habitat  is  given  is  entirely  erroneous,  as  Lyman  suggested,  or 
whether  it  refers  to  an  Ophiocomina  nigra  the  occurrence  of  which 
on  the  coasts  of  Sicily  is  now  known,  is  the  question.  It  appears 
to  me  more  difficult  to  admit  this  latter  hypothesis,  at  least  if  Miiller 
and  TroschePs  diagnosis  be  considered  correct,  since  they  attribute 
to  the  specimen  from  Genoa  only  four  arm  spines.  The  re-examina- 
tion of  the  type  specimen  in  the  Leyden  Museum  will  alone  remove 
this  uncertainty. 

Genus  OPHIOCOMA  L.  Agassiz. 

OPHIOCOMA  BREVIPES  Peters. 
Plate  72,  figs.  6-9. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ophiocoma  brevipes  KOSHLER  ('05),  p.  61;  ('07),  p.  325;  ('07b),  p.  246.— H. 
L.  CLARK  ('08),  p.  296;  ('11),  p.  256.— MACINTOSH  ('11),  p.  160.— BENHAM 
('11),  p.  153.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  291.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  343. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5165;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group ;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  70°  W.  11.86  kilo- 
meters (6.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  58'  20"  N.,  long.  119°  50'  30"  E.)  ; 
16  meters  (9  fathoms) ;  February  24,  1908 ;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41067,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5321. 

Albatross  station  5321;  China  Sea,  near  Hongkong:  Ibugos  Island 
(south  end)  bearing  S.  89°  W.,  2.32  kilometers  (1.25  miles)  distant 
(lat.  20°  19'  30"  N.,  long.  121°  51'  15"  E.) ;  38  meters  (21  fathoms) : 
November  9, 1908;  wh.  S.,  Co.,  brk.  Sh. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40927,  U.S.N.M.). 

Reef;  Nasugbu,  Luzon;  January  14,  1908. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41064,  U.S.N.M.); 

Dumurug  Point,  Masbate ;  shore ;  April  19,  1908. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41065.  U.S.N.M.). 

San  Pascual,  Burias  Island:  tide  pools;  March  8.  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41066,  U.S.N.M.). 

Mahinog,  Camiguin  Island;  August  3,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40936,  U.S.N.M.). 

Naso  Point,  southwest  corner  of  Panay;  February  4,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41062.  U.S.N.M.). 

Port  Palapag;  June  3,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41063.  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — A  good  description  of  this  species  was  given  by  Loriol  ('93, 
p.  26) ;  Walther  has  also  published  some  interesting  notes  upon  it  ('85, 
p.  371),  and  more  recently  Benham  has  described  a  specimen  from 
the  Kermaclec  Islands  ('11.  p.  153). 


320  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Ophiocoma  brevipes  varies  especially  in  regard  to  its  coloration, 
which  is  sometimes  very  light  and  whitish  gray,  sometimes  very  dark 
and  almost  black;  certain  individuals  sometimes  show  very  elegant 
markings.  Its  characters  appear  more  constant  than  those  of  O. 
scolopendrina  and  O.  erinaceus,  with  which  this  species  is  frequently 
associated ;  but  there  are  some  variations  in  the  number  of  the  arm 
spines  on  which  certain  authors  have  thought  it  possible  to  base  dis- 
tinct species,  as,  for  example,  O.  ternispina  Martens,  which  have  not 
been  maintained. 

I  shall  speak  here  only  of  the  variations  in  the  form  of  the  mouth 
shields  about  which  Loriol  has  already  said  a  few  words.  Inde- 
pendently of  the  outlines,  which  are  sometimes  angular,  sometimes 
rounded,  these  shields  may  be  very  much  longer  than  broad,  or  on 
the  other  hand  as  broad  as  long,  and  in  the  latter  case  they  become 
almost  circular.  The .  two  photographs  which  I  include,  one  of 
the  Philippine  specimens  (fig.  6)  and  the  other  of  one  from  Mauritius 
in  my  own  collection  (fig.  7),  show  these  two  different  forms;  in  the 
individual  represented  in  figure  9  the  form  of  the  shield  is  inter- 
mediate. 

The  knowledge  of  these  variations  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields 
appears  to  be  of  some  importance,  and  possibly  will  permit  of  deter- 
mining the  degree  of  affinity  that  0.  brevispina  and  0.  variegata, 
species  which  Smith  described  from  specimens  from  the  island  of 
Rodriguez  and  which  have  not  since  been  seen,  have  with  0.  brevipes. 
These  two  forms  are  evidently  very  close  to  0.  brevipes  and  perhaps 
some  day  we  shall  be  led  to  unite  them  with  it,  as  Lyman  has  already 
suggested  ('82,  p.  172)  and  as  Jeffrey  Bell  appears  to  believe  ('84, 
p.  139).  The  mouth  shields  of  O.  variegata  have  exactly  the  form 
which  is  seen  in  O.  brevipes,  in  which  they  are  usually  elongated. 
In  0.  brevispina  these  shields  are  distinctly  broader  than  long,  a 
form  which  I  have  never  met  with  in  0.  brevipes,  but  to  which  indi- 
viduals such  as  those  shown  in  figure  6  show  an  approach.  The 
question  evidently  can  not  be  solved  except  by  having  at  hand  speci- 
mens from  Rodriguez.  But  the  location  of  that  island,  which  is  very 
close  to  Mauritius,  and  which  is  situated  near  20°  S.  and  64°  E., 
renders  very  probable  the  presence  of  0.  brevipes,  the  more  so  since 
Smith  recorded  at  the  same  time  0.  erinaoeus  and  Ophiomastix 
venosa,  species  often  associated  with  0.  brevipes. 

Ophiocoma  brevipes  is  widely  distributed  throughout  the  wholt 
Indo-Pacific  region,  and  according  to  the  record  published  by  Ben- 
ham  it  reaches  as  far  as  the  Kermadec  Islands. 

I  have  already  mentioned  that  H.  L.  Clark  ('14,  pp.  291  and  359) 
considered  O.  doderleini  as  a  synonym  of  O.  brevipes.  Thanks  to  the 
kindness  of  my  excellent  friend  M.  Bedot,  director  of  the  museum  at 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      321 

Geneva,  I  have  been  able  to  examine  the  type  of  O.  doderleini^  and 
I  include  three  photographs  of  it  (pi.  72,  figs.  1,  2,  3),  which  will 
supplement  the  data  given  by  Loriol  ('99,  p.  110,  pi. -3,  fig.  2)  and 
which  will  permit  forming  an  opinion  of  its  affinities  with  0.  brevipes. 

I  may  mention  that  the  type  of  0.  doderl&mi  is  represented 
by  a  single  specimen  of  very  large  size ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
given  by  Loriol  is  31  mm.  I  have  never  had  any  specimen  of 
O.  brevipes  which  reached  these  dimensions,  and  Loriol  himself 
states  that  the  diameter  of  the  disk  of  0.  brevipes  is  between  7  and 
27  mm.  It  is  rather  curious  that  Loriol,  after  describing  O.  doder- 
leini  in  1899,  compared  it  only  with  0.  scolopendrina,  and  did  not 
dream  of  discussing  its  affinities  with  O.  brevipes.  But  these  affinities 
are  in  reality  very  close.  However,  at  least  three  characters  seem 
to  me  to  separate  the  two  forms ;  first  the  ornamentation  of  the  disk, 
then  the  relative  size  of  the  arms,  and  lastly  the  number  of  arm 
spines.  The  ornamentation  of  the  disk  was  described  by  Loriol, 
and  his  type  shows  well  the  small  black  spots  which  involve  not  only 
the  granules  but  also  the  underlying  plates.  Loriol  compares  these 
spots  to  a  sort  of  oscula,  which  is  evidently  an  exaggeration,  for  we 
have  to  do  here  with  a  simple  color  change,  as  is  evident  from  the 
somewhat  enlarged  photograph  which  I  give  (pi.  72,  fig.  3)  of  a 
fragment  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  O.  doderleini.  These 
little  spots  are  arranged  very  irregularly  on  both  surfaces  of  the 
disk,  but  they  all  have  almost  the  same  dimensions ;  I  find  that  each 
of  them  is  surrounded  by  a  lighter  circle,  a  feature  which  Loriol  did 
not  notice.  Whatever  may  be  the  ornamention  and  the  coloration  of 
the  disk  of  O.  brevipes  I  have  never  seen,  and  no  one  has  ever  de- 
scribed this  character. 

A  feature  which  immediately  strikes  one  on  examining  0.  doder- 
leini is  the  remarkable  width  of  the  arms,  a  width  which  results  both 
from  the  development  of  the  arms  themselves  without  the  arm  spines, 
and  from  the  length  of  the  latter.  Although  Loriol's  type  is  very 
large,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaching  31  mm.,  the  width  of  the 
arms  is  certainly  greater  than  it  would  be  in  an  0.  brevipes  in  which 
the  disk  had  the  same  diameter.  I  have  unfortunately  not  had  at 
hand  specimens  of  this  species  of  which  the  disk  reached  that  size, 
and  perhaps  such  do  not  exist ;  Loriol  gives  as  the  maximum  diameter 
of  the  disk  in  O.  brevipes  27  mm.  I  have  in  my  own  collection  sev- 
eral specimens  of  O.  brevipes  from  Mauritius  which  may  be  consid- 
ered as  rather  large,  and  the  diameter  of  their  disks  varies  between 
26  mm.  and  27  mm.  One  of  these  is  shown  on  plate  72  as  figure  7 ; 
the  width  of  the  arms  with  the  spines  quite  erect  is  about  12  mm.  at 
the  place  where  the  width  is  greatest,  that  is  to  say  a  few  segments 
beyond  the  disk.  In  0.  doderleini  this  width  reaches  17  mm.  If 

55269— 22— Bull.  100 21 


322  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  increase  in  the  width  of  the  arms  were  proportional  to  that  of  the 
disk,  the  arms  of  an  0.  brevipes  with  the  disk  31  mm.  in  diameter 
would  thus  be  only  14  mm.  broad.  I  believe,  therefore,  that  this  very 
marked  width  of  the  arms  constitutes  a  specific  character  of  con- 
siderable value. 

Loriol  recorded  in  O.  doderleini  five  arm  spines,  this  figure  falling 
to  four  at  some  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms.  In  O.  brevipes 
the  number  five  is  quite  abnormal,  and  I  have  never  noticed  it  in  my 
large  specimens  from  Mauritius;  four  is  the  normal  number  at  the 
base  of  the  arms.  These  spines  are  not  altogether  as  described  by 
Loriol ;  the  antepenultimate  dorsal  spine  is  the  largest,  and  its  length 
exceeds  two  segments  and  a  half ;  the  other  spines,  which  are  slightly 
smaller,  are  subequal.  Generally  speaking,  these  spines  are  longer 
than  those  of  O.  brevipes ,  in  which  the  longest  reaches  only  two  seg- 
ments. I  shall  not  consider  the  annulation  of  the  spines  which  may 
be  noticed,  although  very  rarely,  in  0.  brevipes. 

I  believe,  therefore,  that  O.  doderleini  should  be  considered  as  a 
species  distinct  from  O.  brevipes  and  that  it  is  necessary  to  maintain 
it.  It  is  very  unfortunate  that  my  comparison  has  only  been  with 
the  single  specimen  in  the  Geneva  Museum  and  that  I  have  not  been 
able  to  compare  it  with  the  second  known  specimen  of  this  species — 
that  collected  by  the  Siboga  on  the  east  coast  of  Borneo — which  I 
recorded  in  1905  ('05,  p.  60) ;  in  that  specimen  the  di?  meter  of  the 
disk  was  only  19  mm.  I  have  very  much  wished  to  be  able  to  study 
this  specimen  again  and  to  compare  it  also  with  0.  brevipes,  but  it 
was  impossible  under  the  circumstances  to  dream  of  asking  the 
Ley  den  Museum  for  it;  I  find  in  my  notes  only  that  this  specimen 
agrees  absolutely  with  LorioPs  description  and  figures. 

OPHIOCOMA  ERINACEUS  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

Plate  73,  fig.  7. 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina,  var.  erinaceus  KCEHLER   ('05),  p.  60;    ('07),  p. 

326.— MATSUMOTO   ('17),   p.  345. 
Ophiocoma  erinaceus  H.  L.  CLABK  ('08),  p.  296;  ('11),  p.  257;  ('15),  p.  291. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5109;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  42°  E.,  47.81  kilometers  (25.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  16'  30"  E.) ;  22  meters  (12 
fathoms) ;  January  15, 1909;  Co. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40939,  U.S.N.M.). 

Port  Binang,  Subig  Bay;  January  9,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40938,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Ophiocoma  erinaceus  is  a  well  known  form  which  is  very 
widely  spread  throughout  the  whole  Indo-Pacific  region.  It  is  very 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      323 

close  to  O.  scolopendrina,  and  authors  have  already  many  times 
raised  the  question  whether  it  should  be  considered  as  a  distinct 
species  or  reduced  to  the  status  of  a  simple  variety  of  the  latter.  In 
recording  it  among  the  littoral  ophiurans  collected  by  the  Siboga,  I 
did  not  separate  it  specifically  from  O.  scolopendrina,  and  in  that  I 
followed  the  example  of  many  of  my  predecessors,  Ludwig,  Mark- 
tanner,  and  Doderlein.  This  point  of  view  has  not  been  accepted 
by  H.  L.  Clark  ('08,  p.  296),  who  considers  0.  erinaceus  as  a  very 
distinct  species,  though  he  writes  a  little  further  on  in  the  same 
memoir  (p.  297) :  "  I  shall  not  be  surprised  if  more  extended  observa- 
tion carried  on  at  the  shore  proves  that  erinaceus,  schonleini,  scolo- 
pendrina, and  wendtii  are  merely  intergrading  forms  of  a  single 
variable  species." 

I  looked  into  the  question  again  in  studying  the  rather  numerous 
specimens  of  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina  collected  by  the  Albatross,  and 
I  finally  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  in  spite  of  the  rather  extensive 
variations  of  O.  scolopendrina,  0.  erinaceus  may  always  be  distin- 
guished from  it;  I  may  even  add  that  I  have  always  been  able  to 
distinguish  the  two  easily  and  that  I  have  never  hesitated  an  in- 
stant in  referring  a  given  specimen  either  to  0.  scolopendrina  or  to 
O.  erinaceus.  It  is  true  that  the  distinctive  characters  have  an 
entirely  secondary  significance.  The  most  obvious,  or  so  it  seems  to 
me,  is  afforded  by  the  granulation  of  the  disk,  which  stops  in  an 
extremely  abrupt  manner  at  the  periphery  without  passing  over 
to  the  ventral  surface  in  O.  erinaceus,  while  in  0.  scolopendrina  a 
more  or  less  extensive  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  is  always  found 
to  be  covered  with  granules.  In  the  first  species  the  under  arm 
plates  never  have  the  distal  border  notched,  the  spines  are  stout  and 
robust,  the  dorsal  spine  is  elongated  and  often  thickened,  and  it  is 
always  more  robust  and  more  developed  than  in  0.  scolopendrina; 
the  tentacle  scales  number  two  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the 
length  of  the  arms;  the  arms  always  maintain  a  certain  rigidity. 
The  coloration  is  black  on  both  surfaces  of  the  disk,  and  the  spines 
are  not  ringed  as  is  often  the  case  in  0.  scolopendrina. 

It  is  indubitable  that  none  of  these  characters  have  any  great  sig- 
nificance, but  it  must  be  recognized  that  some  other  species  of  the 
genus  Opliwconia  are  not  better  characterized;  for  instance,  0. 
aethiops  Liitken  has  no  characters  very  much  more  distinctive,  and 
it  is  better  differentiated  by  its  place  of  origin  than  by  its  morpho- 
logical features.  As  H.  L.  Clark  has  stated  in  the  sentence  which 
I  have  quoted  above,  the  names  erinaceus,  schonleini,  and  wendtii 
perhaps  only  apply  to  forms  of  a  single  very  variable  species,  but  as, 
0.  schonleini  and  O.  wendtii  are  not  distinguished  from  0.  scolopen- 
drina by  characters  more  marked  than  those  which  separate  these 
from  0.  erinaceus  it  is  evident  that  if  a  specific  name  is  to  be  applied 


324  BUI^LETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

to  the  two  first  it  is  logically  necessary  to  distinguish  the  last  also 
in  a  similar  way. 

Matsumoto  ('17,  p.  346)  believes  that  O.  scolopendrina,  O.  eri- 
naeeus,  and  O.  schonleini  belong  to  one  and  the  same  species,  and  he 
designates  them,  respectively,  under  the  names  0.  scolopendrina 
typical,  0.  scolopendrina,  var.  crinaccus,  and  0.  scolopendrina^  var. 
schonlemi. 

In  1915  H.  L.  Clark  published  very  good  photographs  of  a  quite 
typical  0.  erinaceus  ('15,  pi.  15,  figs.  5,  6).  I  shall  content  myself 
with  figuring  here  (pi.  73,  fig.  7)  the  dorsal  surface  of  a  specimen 
in  which  the  first  dorsal  spine  is  especially  developed  and  elongated 
(station  5109). 

OPHIOCOMA  LINEOLATA   Mullet  and   Troschel. 

Plate  73,  figs.  1-4. 
Synonyms : 

Ophiocoma  pica  MULLER  and  TROSCHEL. 
Ophiocoma  sannio  LYMAN. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiocoma  lineolata  LORIOL  ('93),  p.  28. 

Ophiocoma  pica  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  62;  ('07),  p.  326. — H.  L.  OLABK  ('15), 
p.  293. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5108 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon ; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  05'  05"  N.,  long.  120°  19'  45"  E.),  24  meters  (13 
fathoms) ;  January  15,  1908 ;  co. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  302,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5109;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon;  Corregidor 
Light  bearing  N.  42°  E.,  47.81  kilometers  (25.8  miles)  distant  (lat, 
14°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  16'  30"  E.) ;  22  meters  (12  fathoms) ;  Janu- 
ary 15, 1908 ;  co. 

Twelve  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40914,  E.  303,  E.  304,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Authors  who  since  Miiller  and  Troschel  have  published 
descriptions  of  this  species  (Lyman  '65,  p.  90;  Walther  '85,  p.  370; 
Lorion  '93,  p.  28)  have  discussed  especially  the  variations  which  it 
shows  in  its  coloration,  but  they  have  not  spoken  of  the  differences 
which  may  be  observed  in  its  structure,  and  particularly  the  differ- 
ences in  the  form  and  in  the  length  of  the  arm  spires.  Lyman 
expresses  himself  thus  on  the  subject  of  the  arm  spines:  "  Arm  spine? 
six,  remarkably  slender,  tapering  and  regular;"  these  are  the  char- 
acters which  are  most  usually  observed,  and  they  are  those  which 
I  find  in  several  specimens  from  station  5109.  As  these  are  mostly 
not  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  and  especially  as  they  are  more 
or  less  incomplete,  I  have  selected  for  photographing  a  specimen 
which  I  have  in  my  own  collection  from  Ceylon,  of  which  the  char- 
acters agree  well  with  Miiller  and  Troschel's  description  and  with 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      325 

the  description  published  by  Lyman  (pi.  73,  figs.  1,  4).  I  also  give 
(fig.  3)  a  photograph  of  another  specimen  from  station  5109  in 
which  the  two  dorsal  spines,  instead  of  being  the  longest,  are  shorter 
than  the  lateral  spines,  but  they  are  rather  strongly  swollen,  recall- 
ing the  form  which  is  often  observed  in  O.  erinaceus,  for  example ; 
the  lateral  spines  have  the  usual  length.  In  another  individual 
shown  in  figure  2  the  thickening  of  the  two  dorsal  spines  is  still 
more  marked;  these  spines  are  very  short,  their  length  scarcely 
equaling  two  segments,  and  they  are  much  swollen  in  their  central 
region.  The  lateral  spines  are  not  thickened,  but  they  are  shorter 
than  usual,  and  their  length  scarcely  exceeds  that  of  the  two  dorsal 
spines.  This  specimen  came  from  Mauritius.  It  is  part  of  a  small 
but  very  interesting  series  which  I  have  in  which  I  find  all  possible 
intermediates  between  very  slender  and  much  elongated  dorsal  spines, 
such  as  those  most  often  met  with,  and  spines  which  are  short,  thick- 
set, and  very  strongly  swollen. 

Similar  variations  have  often  been  noticed  in  O.  scolopendrina  and 
in  O.  erinacem,  but  I  do  not  know  that  they  have  ever  before  been 
described  in  O.  lineolata. 

The  remarks  given  by  Miiller  and  Troschel  on  the  subject  of  the 
arm  spines  of  0.  lineolata  are  not  very  clear.  These  authors  say, 
speaking  of  O.  pica,  that  the  spines  are  slender,  twice  as  long  as  the 
upper  arm  plates,  and  a  little  longer  than  the  width  of  the  arms ;  and 
of  those  of  0.  lineolata  that  they  are  all  almost  of  the  same  length, 
this  length  equalling  the  width  of  the  arms,  and  a  little  thicker  at  the 
base  of  the  arms.  According  to  Lyman,  who  has  seen  Miiller  and 
Troschel's  original  specimens,  these  spines  are  more  elongated  than 
these  authors  describe ;  in  a  specimen  of  0.  pica  in  which  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  is  15  mm.  the  first  dorsal  spine  is  3.2  mm.  long;  in  O. 
lineolata  the  dorsal  spine  and  the  lateral  spines  are  longer  than  the 
others. 

Ophiocoma  lineolata,  from  which  it  is  not  necessary  to  separate 
0.  pica  Miiller  and  Troschel  and  0.  sannio  Lyman,  is  widely  distrib- 
uted throughout  the  whole  Indo-Pacific  region.  It  is  frequently  asso- 
ciated with  0.  scolopendrina  and  with  0.  erinaceus,  but  it  is  usually 
less  abundant  than  the  two  last. 

OPHIOCOMA   SCOLOPENDRINA    (Lamarck). 

Plate  73,  fig.  5;  plate  74,  figs.  1-7. 

See  for  bibliography : 
Ophiocoma   scolopendrina  KCEHLER   ('05),  p.  60;    ('05a),  p.  184;    ('07),  p. 

326;    ('07b),  p.  246.— H.  L.  CLARK    ('08),  p.  297.— MACINTOSH    ('11),  p. 

160.— H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  293. 
Ophiocoma  scolopendrina  typical  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  346. 

Localities. — Port  Binang,  Subig  Bay ;  January  9,  1908. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  218,  U.S.N.M.). 


326  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM, 

Tataan,  Simulac  Island;  February  19,  1908. 

Two  specimens. 

Makasser  Island;  December  16,  1909. 

Two  specimens. 

Sabtan  Island ;  November  8,  1908. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  205,  U.S.N.M.)* 

Port  Palapag;  June  3,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  216,  U.S.N.M.). 

Negros  Island,  Philippines ;  Bashf  ord  Dean. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  215,  U.S.N.M.). 

Dumurug  Point,  Masbate ;  April  19,  1908. 

Thirteen  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  206,  U.S.N.M.). 

Reef  off  Cebu;  April  7,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  212,  U.S.N.M.). 

Sitanki  Island ;  February  26,  1908. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  211,  U.S.N.M.). 

Batan  Island ;  July  22, 1909. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  244,  U.S.N.M.). 

Batan  Island ;  June  5,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  210,  U.S.N.M.). 

Ligpo  Point,  Balayan  Bay,  Luzon;  January  18,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  214,  U.S.N.M.)/ 

Marongas ;  shore ;  coral  head ;  October  2,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  209,  U.S.N.M.). 

Mariveles,  Luzon;  June  30,  1913. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  204,  U.S.N.M.). 

Bonin  Islands. 

One  specimen. 

Nasugbu,  Luzon ;  reef ;  January  2,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  245,  U.S.N.M.). 

Nasugbu,  Luzon ;  reef ;  January  16,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  208,  U.S.N.M.). 

Pandanon  Island ;  March  23,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  213,  U.S.N.M.). 

Maricaban,  Balayan  Bay,  Luzon ;  January  20,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  207,  U.S.N.M.). 

Nan  Wan,  Formosa  (Taiwan) ;  January  27,  1913. 

Fourteen  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  246,  U.S.N.M.). 

Siasi  Island,  Jolo ;  shore ;  February  17,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  217,  U.S.N.M.). 

Small  island  a  half  mile  off  west  coast  of  Java ;  December  15,  1908. 

Two  specimens. 

No  locality  given. 

One  specimen. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     327 

Philippines;  E.  A.  Mearns. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41325,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines;  J.  B.  Steere. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40947,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Several  authors  have  given  detailed  descriptions  of  O. 
scolopendrina  or  have  published  notes  on  the  variations  which  it 
shows;  I  shall  refer  especially  to  Loriol's  memoirs  ('93,  p.  23,  and 
'93a,  p.  407).  The  variations  have  to  do  especially  with  the  form 
and  number  of  the  arm  spines,  the  shape  of  the  upper  arm  plates 
and  of  the  mouth  shields,  and  the  number  of  the  tentacle  scales. 
I  have  given  (pi.  74)  a  few  photographs  of  individuals  in  which 
these  variations  are  very  marked.  The  two  photographs  (figs.  1 
and  6)  represent  the  dorsal  surface  of  specimens  in  which  the 
upper  arm  plates  show  rather  different  outlines;  in  that  shown  in 
figure  1,  which  was  collected  by  the  Albatross,  these  plates  are  not 
very  broad  in  relation  to  their  length,  and  their  angles  are  very 
rounded;  while  in  the  other,  which  is  from  Mauritius,  these  plates 
are  very  broad  and  short  with  sharp  lateral  angles;  in  the  latter 
the  spines  show  a  medium  development,  while  in  the  first  the  dorsal 
spine  is  remarkably  thickened,  recalling  in  that  respect  the  com- 
mon form  in  0.  erinaceus.  In  these  two  specimens  the  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  disk  is  more  or  less  covered  with  granules. 

Figures  3  and  4  represent  an  individual  from  the  Philippines, 
not  collected  by  the  Albatross,  which  was  sent  to  me  with  another, 
also  dried,  both  bearing  the  number  47,782.  These  two  specimens 
are  unfortunately  in  rather  bad  condition,  but  I  have  been  able 
nevertheless  to  secure  satisfactory  photographs  of  them.  The  upper 
arm  plates  are  seen  to  be  much  broadened,  somewhat  irregular  and 
unequal  in  form,  with  the  lateral  angles  sharp;  the  dorsal  spine 
shows  average  development ;  the  general  coloration  is  brownish,  and 
the  spines  are  ringed  with  white.  The  ventral  surface  of  these  two 
specimens  is  especially  interesting  because  of  the  variations  in  the 
number  of  the  tentacle  scales.  Most  commonly  the  tentacle  scale  is 
single;  this  single  scale  may  appear  even  on  the  second  seg- 
ment of  one  of  the  arms,  and  it  remains  single  on  almost  all  the 
following  segments,  save  for  a  few  exceptions.  The  other  arms  fre- 
quently bear  a  single  scale,  sometimes  and  most  commonly,  two  on 
the  earlier  segments ;  but  beyond  the  disk  the  scale  is  usually  single, 
and  this  character  is  maintained  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the 
arms;  however,  occasionally  and  abruptly,  sometimes  very  far  from 
the  base  of  the  arms,  the  scale  is  doubled. 

A  similar  disposition  is  found  in  another  individual  from  Batavia, 
which  is  in  my  own  collection  and  of  which  I  give  a  photograph  in 
figure  5.  There  is,  as  a  rule,  only  a  single  tentacle  scale  beyond 


328  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

the  second  segment,  and  this  scale  remains  single  throughout  the 
whole  length  of  the  arms,  save  for  very  rare  and  quite  isolated  ex- 
ceptions. The  upper  arm  plates  resemble  those  of  the  two  pre- 
ceding individuals;  the  dorsal  spine  is  a  little  shorter  but  more 
swollen. 

The  two  photographs  reproduced  in  figures  2  and  7  show  the 
variations  of  the  mouth  shields.  Figure  2  shows  the  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  specimen  given  in  figure  1;  the  shields  are  here  appre- 
ciably more  elongated  than  in  the  individual  shown  in  figure  7, 
which  comes  from  Mauritius,  in  which  they  are  shorter;  they  are 
also  a  little  shortened  in  the  specimen  from  Batavia  (fig.  5). 

The  under  arm  plates  have  the  distal  border  slightly  broadened 
and  usually  notched  in  the  middle.  This  character  is  also  rather 
variable;  the  notching  is  well  marked  in  the  individual  shown  in 
figure  7,  but  it  is  less  marked  in  that  shown  in  figure  3,  and  especially 
in  those  shown  in  figures  2  and  5. 

In  all  the  specimens  the  ventral  surface  is  covered  with  granules 
over  a  more  or  less  extended  area;  the  triangular  granulose  area 
thus  formed  extends  toward  the  mouth  shields  and  always  leaves 
free  a  more  or  less  broad  band  along  the  genital  slits.  This  character 
is  absolutely  constant.  I  find  the  least  development  of  the  granulose 
areas  in  the  specimen  shown  in  figure  3. 

OPHIOCOMA  WENDTII  Miiller  and  Troschel. 

Plate  75,  figs.  7.  8. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiocoma  wendtii  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  63,  pi.  14,  figs.  5-7;  ('07),  p.  327,  pi.  13, 
fig.  38;  ('07b),  p.  246.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('08),  p.  297;  ('11),  p.  294. 

Localities. — Little  Santa  Cruz  Island,  Zamboango,  Mindanao; 
May  26,  1908. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40948,  U.S.N.M.). 

Samoa. 

Five  specimens. 

Notes. — I  shall  add  some  supplementary  observations  to  the  ac- 
count which  I  have  already  given  of  this  interesting  species,  which  I 
described  and  figured  in  1905  and  1907.  The  specimens  from  Samoa 
show  characters  so  distinct  that  I  do  not  hesitate  to  give  here  two 
photographs  of  one  of  them  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
12mm.  (figs.  7,  8). 

The  large  dorsal  spines  are  much  developed  and  follow  each  other  on 
every  second  or  third  segment.  The  tentacle  scales  are  two  in  number 
on  the  two  first  segments,  except  on  one  of  the  pores  of  the  second 
segment,  where  there  is  only  a  single  one ;  the  two  pores  of  the  third 
segment  of  one  of  the  arms  both  show  two  tentacle  scales.  Every- 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      329 

where  else  there  is  only  a  single  scale,  which  is  rather  large  and 
rounded  in- form. 

In  another  specimen,  which  is  a  little  larger,  and  in  which  the 
disk  has  a  diameter  of  14  mm.,  the  majority  of  the  pores  of  the  four 
first  segments  have  two  scales  each,  and  a  single  pore  of  the  fifth 
pair  also  has  two  of  them;  all  the  others  have  only  a  single  scale, 
which  remains  single  throughout  the  length  of  the  arms. 

Specimens  as  typical  as  those  from  Samoa  and  as  those  which  I 
described  in  1905  and  1907  are  easily  determinable,  and  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  referring  them  to  O.  wendtii;  but  because  of  the  .varia- 
tions which  I  have  described  above  under  O.  scolopendrina,  it  may 
happen  that  the  determination  of  certain  individuals  offers  some 
difficulty.  Knowing  that  in  0.  scolopendrina  the  tentacle  scales  may 
sometimes  be  single  after  the  first  two  or  three  arm  segments  and  that 
the  dorsal  spines  become  thickened  in  certain  specimens,  one  may  be 
led  to  ask  whether  individuals  showing  these  peculiarities  should  be 
assigned  to  O.  scolopendrina  or  to  O.  wendtii.  I  may  say  that  in 
this  case  I  am  stating  a  purely  gratuitous  hypothesis,  and  that  I  have 
never  had  the  slightest  hesitation  in  referring  such  a  specimen  either 
to  one  or  to  the  other  of  the  two  species.  The  dorsal  spines  of 
O.  wendtii,  even  when  they  are  not  thickened,  are  always  more  elon- 
gated than  in  O.  scolopendrina;  furthermore,  the  mouth  shields  of 
the  former  species  are  always  very  much  longer  and  narrower  than 
in  the  latter,  while  the  tentacle  scale  is  larger.  Thus  no  doubt  can 
arise ;  nevertheless,  it  is  worth  while  to  draw  attention  to  this  point. 

OPHIOMASTIX  ANNULOSA   (Lamarck). 

Plate  72,  figs.  4,  5. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiomastix  annulosa  KCEHLER   ('05),  p.  65;   ('07),  p.  329. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('08),  p.  297;    ('15),  p.  294.— MATSUMOTO  -('17),  p.  350. 

Localities. — Nasugbu,  Luzon ;  reef ;  January  16,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  228,  U.S.N.M.). 

Jolo,  Jolo  Island ;  March  6,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  227,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Although  the  species  is  frequent  in  collections,  there  are 
no  good  figures  of  it.  The  colored  figure  published  by  Herklots  ('68, 
pi.  4,  fig.  1)  gives  a  good  idea  of  the  color  in  the  living  state,  but  it 
does  not  show  the  elegant  ornamentation  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms. 
I  have  thought  it  well  to  reproduce  here  two  photographs  of  the  speci- 
men from  Nasugbu,  in  which  the  characteristic  designs  shown  by  the 
different  parts  of  the  body  appear  clearly. 

Matsumoto  also  has  just  published  a  few  figures  of  O.  annulosa 
(17,  p.  350,  fig.  99). 


330  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM, 

OPHIOMASTIX  FLACCIDA  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiomastix-  flaccida  K(EHLEB  ('05),  p.  67;  ('07),  p.  829. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  296. 

LocaMty. — Mactan  Island;  tide  pools;  August  3,  1909. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40915,  U.S.N.M.). 

OPHIOMASTIX  LUTKENI  Pfeffer. 

Ophiomastix  lutkeni  PFEFFEB  ('00).— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  296,  pi.  16, 
figs.  3,  4.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  349,  fig.  98. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5109;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  42°  E.,  47.81  kilometers  (25.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  16'  30"  E.) ;  22  meters  (12 
fathoms) ;  January  15, 1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40926,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  in  poor  condition;  two  arms  are  broken 
off,  and  the  three  others  are  strongly  bent  upward  above  the  disk,  of 
which  a  part  of  the  dorsal  surface  is  torn  off ;  it  is  nevertheless  very 
well  characterized. 

Without  assuming  the  club-like  form  which  is  sometimes  met  with, 
the  dorsal  spine  is  considerably  developed  on  each  third  or  fourth 
segment,  becoming  greatly  elongated  and  thickened.  The  general 
coloration  is  very  dark  and  almost  black,  with  yellowish  bands  on  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  the  spines  of  which  are  of  a  light  yellow 
washed  with  dark.  The  arms  show  on  each  segment  a  yellow  trans- 
verse band  on  the  dorsal  surface  as  well  as  on  the  ventral;  toward 
their  long  borders,  the  mouth  shields  show  two  broad  yellow  longi- 
tudinal striae,  and  some  yellow  dots  are  also  to  be  seen  on  the  oral 
plates  as  well  as  on  the  mouth  papillae. 

H.  L.  Clark  has  published  two  excellent  photographs  and  Matsu- 
moto  some  figures  of  this  species  which  was  only  known  from 
Pfeffer's  description.  This  author's  type  series  came  from  Ternate 
and  from  Cebu,  and  H.  L.  Clark's  specimen  from  the  Riu-Kiu 
Islands  (Japan). 

The  species  has  not  yet  been  found  outside  of  these  localities. 

OPHIOMASTIX  MIXTA  Lutken. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiomastix  mixta  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  68,  pi.  6,  fig.  15;  pi.  15,  fig.  1.— H.  L. 
CLARK  ('11),  p.  256,  fig.  126;  ('15),  p.  296.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  348, 
fig.  97. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5109 ;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon ; 
Corregidor  Light  bearing  N.  42°  E.,  47.81  kilometers  (25.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  14°  03'  45"  N.,  long.  120°  16'  30"  E.) ;  22  meters  (12 
fathoms)  ;  January  15,  1908 ;  Co. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      331 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40916,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  of  small  size  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
does  not  exceed  5  mm.;  the  arms  are  broken  off  near  the  base  and 
measure  only  10  mm.  in  length.  Although  it  is  not  in  very  good  con- 
dition, it  is  perfectly  recognizable  and  very  well  characterized.  The 
large  dorsal  spines  are  not  claviform,  as  I  found  them  in  the  indi- 
viduals which  I  described  in  1905. 

OpMomastix  mixta  is  known  from  different  localities  in  the  Sunda 
Archipelago,  where  it  was  found  by  the  S'iboga,  in  the  Fiji  Islands, 
etc. 

OUHIOMASTIX  VENOSA  Peters. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiomastix  venosa  KCEHLER  ('04a),  p  73,  figs.  28,  29;  ('07),  p.  329.— MAC- 
INTOSH ('11),  p.  161.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  296. 

Locality. — Malochin  Harbor,  Linapalan  Island ;  December  18, 1908. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40937,  U.S.N.M.). 

OPHIARTHRUM  ELEGANS  Peters. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiarthriim  elegans  KCEHLER   ('05),  p.  73;    ('07),  p.  329. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('08),  p.  297;  ('15),  p.  297.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  351,  fig.  100. 

Localities. — A Tbatross  station  5165 ;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  70°  W.,  11.86  kilometers 
(6.4  miles)  distant  (lat,  4°  58'  20"  N.,  long.  119°  50'  30"  E.)  ;  16 
meters  (9  fathoms) ;  February  24,  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  369,  U.S.N.M.). 

Marongas;  shore;  coral  head;  October  2,  1908. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  368,  US.N.M.). 

Mactan  Island ;  April  30,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  371,  U.S.N.M.). 

Port  Palapag;  June  3,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  372,  U.S.N.M.). 

Batan;  July  22,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  370,  US.N.M.). 

Samoa ;  Sir  Charles  N.  E.  Elliot. 

Ten  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  35615,  E.  373,  U.S.N.M.). 

Family  OPHIODERMATIDAE. 

OPHIARACHNA  QUINQUESPINOSA,  new  species. 

Plate  7,  figs.  1-3. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5172;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  E.,  45.87  kilometers  (24.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  15"  N.. 


332  BULLETIN  100,  UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

long.  120°  35'  30"  E.) ;  582  meters  (318  fathoms)  ;  March  5,  1908; 
fne.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  128,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  single  specimen  is  of  large  size  and  in  a  very 
good  state  of  preservation,  with  the  arms  complete.  The  disk,  which 
is  slightly  deformed,  measures  21  mm.  by  25  mm.  in  diameter;  the 
arms  are  from  170  mm.  to  180  mm.  in  length. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  with  the  borders  more  or  less  rounded.  It 
is  covered  on  both  surfaces  with  very  fine  and  closely  crowded  gran- 
ules which  on  the  dorsal  surface  leave  exposed  only  the  radial  shields. 
These  are  very  small  and  only  measure  from  1.4  mm.  to  1.5  mm.  in 
length ;  they  are  irregularly  oval,  and  half  again  as  long  as  broad. 
The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  separated  by  a  space  which  is  almost 
equal  to  the  width  of  the  arm.  The  granules  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  do  not  pass  out  onto  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms,  and  the 
radial  notches  includes  only  the  first  upper  arm  plate. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  granules  identical 
with  those  of  the  dorsal  surface,  and  some  may  be  found  which, 
broadening  somewhat,  continue  onto  the  distal  border  of  the  mouth 
shields.  These  same  granules  are  found  slightly  elongated  all  along 
the  interradial  border  of  the  genital  slits,  and  at  the  base  of  these 
on  the  free  portion  of  the  adoral  plates.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  triangular,  with  the  angles  and  the 
borders  very  rounded,  almost  as  long  as  broad;  the  distal  border  is 
convex  and  it  even  forms  a  rather  marked  lobe  which  projects  into 
the  interradial  space,  but  there  is  not  the  least  indication  of  an  ac- 
cessory shield.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  small,  limited  to  the 
sides  of  the  mouth  shield,  tapering  to  a  point  inwardly  and  broadly 
separated  in  the  median  interradial  line;  they  are  outwardly  very 
much  broadened,  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm 
plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  very  low,  covered  with  granules 
which  are  a  little  larger  than  those  of  the  rest  of  the  ventral  surface. 
The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  seven  or  eight  in  number;  the  two 
outermost  are  broad,  rounded,  almost  as  broad  as  long ;  the  others  are 
slender,  cylindrical,  and  pointed.  Below  the  group  of  tooth  papillae 
there  are  in  addition  two  or  three  papillae  identical  with  these  and 
placed  on  the  same  plane. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  small,  triangular,  placed  in  the  radial 
notch  of  the  disk.  The  following  plates  are  very  large,  rectangular, 
very  much  broader  than  long,  with  the  sides  slightly  divergent. 
Toward  the  tip  of  the  arms  these  plates  become  as  long  as  broad  and 
even  a  little  longer  than  broad.  They  are  all  broadly  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  triangular,  with  a  rounded  distal 
apex,  and  broader  than  long ;  the  angles  are  rounded.  The  following 
plates  are  rectangular,  almost  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  rounded  distal 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      333 

border  and  slightly  divergent  sides.  Beyond  the  middle  of  the  arms 
these  plates  become  a  little  longer  than  broad.  They  are  all  broadly 
in  contact.  Between  the  first  and  the  second  under  arm  plate  there 
is  a  pair  of  rather  well- developed  pores  which  are  obliquely  elongated 
and  identical  with  those  which  occur  in  O.  affinis.  A  second  pair  of 
pores  which  are  smaller,  close  together,  and  rounded  occurs  between 
the  second  and  the  third  under  arm  plates. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  do  not  project  outward,  bear  five  flat- 
tened spines,  which  are  sometimes  appressed  against  the  arms  and 
sometimes  more  or  less  divergent,  especially  the  dorsal  spines.  All 
these  spines  are  longer  than  the  segment ;  the  first  ventral  spine,  which 
is  longer  than  the  others,  even  equals  a  segment  and  a  half.  These 
spines  are  inserted  on  the  distal  border  of  the  side  arm  plates. 

The  two  tentacle  scales  are  oval,  elongated,  and  rather  narrow. 
The  external,  which  is  a  little  smaller  than  the  internal,  does  not 
overlap  the  base  of  the  first  ventral  spine. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  very  light  yellowish  gray. 
The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  numerous  small  dark  brown 
spots;  the  arms  show  spaced  annulations  of  a  rather  light  brown 
which  involve  a  variable  number  of  segments,  on  the  average  from 
six  to  ten,  and  the  length  of  these  darker  regions  is  always  greater 
than  that  of  the  light  areas  which  separate  them.  The  ventral 
surface  is  light  gray. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  species  of  the  genus 
Ophiarachna  at  present  known  are  four  in  number;  they  are  O. 
affinis  Liitken,  with  which  it  is  necessary  to  unite  0.  clavigera 
Brock,  0.  incrassata  Lamarck,  0 '.  mauritiensis  Loriol,  and  O.  robil- 
lardi  Loriol. 

The  new  species  can  not  be  confused  with  any  of  these.  In  the 
first  place  all  four  normally  show  a  supplementary  mouth  shield 
which  is  lacking  in  O.  quinquespinosa.  Regarding  the  other  char- 
acters, our  species  comes  closest  to  0.  affinis,  but  it  differs  from  it  in 
the  more  numerous  lateral  mouth  papillae,  in  the  naked  radial  shields, 
in  the  thicker  arm  spines,  and  in  the  completely  different  color. 
Ophiarachna  roMUardi,  which  has  the  radial  shields  naked  as  in 
O.  quinquespinosa,  has  the  mouth  shields  much  elongated  and  the 
arm  spines,  which  at  first  are  five  in  number  but  which  rapidly  fall 
to  four  and  then  to  three,  fine  and  slender.  Ophiarachna  mauri- 
tiensis has  six  or  seven  very  fine  and  slender  arm  spines. 

It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  our  species  is  justifiably  referred 
to  the  genus  Ophiarachna.  It  is  particularly  on  account  of  the 
length  of  the  arm  spines  that  I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  refer 
it  to  this  genus.  I  believe  that  there  can  be  little  if  any  hesitation 
as  between  the  two  genera  Ophiarachna  and  Pectinura,  the  latter 
being  understood  in  the  restricted  sense  given  it  by  H.  L.  Clark, 


334  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

that  is  to  say,  corresponding  to  the  old  genus  Ophiopeza.  To  justify 
placing  it  in  the  genus  Pectinura,  only  the  unique  case  of  P.  danibyi 
(Farquhar)  could  be  invoked,  this  species  having  the  arm  spines 
very  much  longer  than  usual.  But  that  raises  the  question  whether 
P.  dambyi,  which  is  only  known  from  a  single  specimen  from  the 
Kermadec  Islands  and  which  recalls  the  genus  Ophiarachna  by  its 
arm  spines,  should  be  retained  in  the  genus  Pectinura.  I  would  be 
rather  disposed  to  place  it  in  the  genus  Ophiarachna  because  of  the 
development  of  its  arm  spines,  and  these  spines,  some  of  which  are 
appressed  against  the  side  arm  plates  while  the  others  are  more  or 
less  divergent,  strongly  recall  those  of  Ophiarachna. 

The  new  species  differs  from  the  species  of  the  genus  Ophiarachna 
in  two  characters;  there  are  no  supplementary  mouth  shields  and 
the  outer  tentacle  scale  does  not  overlap  the  base  of  the  first  ventral 
arm  spine.  In  regard  to  the  first  difference,  I  may  remark  that  the 
occurrence  of  a  supplementary  mouth  shield  is  never  constant  in 
the  species  where  it  is  usually  found;  thus  in  a  specimen  of  0.  affinis 
from  Amboina,  which  I  have  in  my  collection  and  of  which  I  figure 
the  ventral  surface  (pi.  4,  fig.  1),  this  supplementary  shield  is 
lacking  in  one  of  the  interradial  spaces.13  Similar  variations  are  also 
known  in  O.  incrassata,  as  well  as  in  the  genus  Pectinura.  As  for  the 
position  of  the  outer  tentacle  scale,  it  occupies,  as  H.  L.  Clark  has 
remarked,  the  same  place  in  the  genus  Ophiarachna  as  in  the  genus 
Pectinura  and  in  the  related  genera;  the  difference  which  I  have 
indicated,  therefore,  can  not  be  invoked  for  placing  our  species  in 
the  genus  Pectinura  rather  than  in  the  genus  Ophiarachna.  More- 
over, it  must  be  noticed  that  the  overlapping  of  the  outer  tentacle 
scale  over  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  occurs  in  different  degrees  in 
the  genus  Ophiarachna.  It  is  only  slightly  marked  in  O.  incrassata, 
in  which  the  two  tentacle  scales  are  very  small,  and  very  much  more 
marked  in  0.  affinis,  in  which  these  scales  are  larger. 

The  two  differences  which  I  have  just  indicated  are  not  sufficient 
to  necessitate  a  generic  separation,  and  in  consequence  the  creation  of 
a  new  genus.  I  believe,  therefore,  that  our  species  may  be  retained 
in  the  genus  Ophiarachna. 

In  Ophiarachna  incrassata,  which  is  the  type-  of  the  genus,  there 
is  a  pair  of  pores  between  the  successive  under  arm  plates,  and  this 
feature  occurs  over  a  rather  large  portion  of  the  length  of  the  arms 
with  some  variations  in  the  development  of  these  pores  (pi.  4,  fig.  6). 
In  the  new  species  there  are  two  pairs  of  pores  only,  and  those  of 
the  first  pair,  instead  of  being  small,  circular,  and  placed  on  the 

18  H.  L.  Clark  has  also  published  two  photographs  of  O.  affrnis  ('15,  pi.  18,  figs.  1,  2). 
I  notice  that  one  of  the  mouth  shields  of  the  specimen  photographed  is  without  the 
supplementary  plate,  and  a  second  seems  to  me  to  be  in  the  same  condition.  The  ventral 
pores  are  in  two  pairs,  and  they  appear  to  have  exactly  the  same  characters  as  in  the 
specimen  of  which  I  give  a  photograph  here ;  but  the  outlines  are  not  very  clear. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      335 

distal  border  of  the  first  under  arm  plate,  are  on  the  sides  of  the 
latter;  they  are  much  elongated  and  form  a  small  and  very  evident 
groove.  This  arrangement  is  therefore  very  different  from  that 
which  exists  in  O.  incrassata,  but  it  recalls  very  strongly  that  in 
O.  a-fjmis.  In  this  species  the  ventral,  pores  are  very  much  less 
numerous  than  in  O.  incrassata,  and  usually  number  two  pairs  only ; 
those  of  the  first  pair  are  situated  on  the  sides  of  the  first  under  arm 
plate  and  not  on  its  distal  border,  and  they  are  more  or  less  elongated 
as  in  the  new  species.  In  a  specimen  of  O.  affinis  which  is  in  my 
collection  and  which  comes  from  Amboina  (pi.  4,  fig.  1),  there  are, 
as  a  rule,  two  pairs  of  ventral  pores;  the  pores  of  the  second  pair, 
instead  of  being  elongated  like  those  of  the  first  pair,  are  circular 
and  situated  on  the  distal  border  of  the  under  arm  plate;  they  are 
also  only  slightly  developed,  and  on  one  of  the  arms  they  are  almost 
invisible ;  on  the  other  hand,  on  another  arm  I  find  traces  of  a  third 
pair.  The  Geneva  Museum  has  two  specimens  of  O.  affinis  belong- 
ing to  Loriol's  collection,  and  also  from  Amboina.  I  have  examined 
the  arrangement  of  their  ventral  pores,  and  I  find  that  they  show 
interesting  variations.  In  the  larger  specimen,  in  which  the  disk 
has  a  diameter  of  15.5  mm.,  there  exists  first  between  the  first  and 
the  second  under  arm  plates  a  pair  of  pores  identical  with  those 
which  I  have  noticed  above;  these  pores,  always  situated  on  the 
sides  of  the  first  under  arm  plate,  are  elongated  and  narrow,  but 
they  are  extremely  well  marked.  Furthermore,  there  occurs  between 
the  following  under  arm  plates  a  series  of  small  rounded  pores  ar- 
ranged as  in  0.  incrassata — that  is,  placed  on  the  distal  border  of  the 
plates ;  I  am  able  to  distinguish  four  successive  pairs  of  these  rounded 
pores.  In  the  second  specimen,  which  is  smaller  (the  diameter  of 
the  disk  is  12  mm. ) ,  the  pores  of  the  first  pair  are  extremely  narrow, 
and  I  can  not  distinguish  beyond  them  but  a  single  pair  of  rounded 
pores  of  very  small  size;  but  on  two  arms  I  recognize  the  traces  of 
a  third  pair. 

This  shows  that  the  ventral  pores  of  O.  affinis  may  vary  in  their 
development  as  well  as  in  their  number;  there  are  always,  however, 
at  least  two  pairs  of  them.  This  is  also  the  number  which  I  find 
in  two  other  species  of  the  genus  0.  mauritiensis  and  0.  robillardi, 
described  by  Loriol.  But  in  describing  these  species  the  learned 
Swiss  naturalist  did  not  mention  the  ventral  pores,  and  his  figures 
also  do  not  show  the  least  trace  of  them.  Having  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  studying  Loriol's  types  at  the  Geneva  Museum  I  am  able 
to  make  good  this  slight  deficiency.  Ophiarachna  mauritiensis  is 
represented  by  two  specimens  in  which  the  ventral  pores  are  ar- 
ranged exactly  as  in  my  specimen  of  O.  affinis,  and  they  quite  agree 
with  the  photograph  which  I  give  here  of  this  latter  species  (pi.  4, 
fig.  1).  In  0.  roMllardi,  which  is  only  represented  by  one  rather 


336  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

small  specimen  (the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  11  mm.),  these  pores 
also  have  the  same  arrangement,  but  they  are  very  much  smaller 
than  in  O.  mauritiensis  and  very  much  less  evident. 

The  presence  of  ventral  pores,  a  feature  concerning  which  most 
authors  have  said  nothing,  jnust  be  considered  as  one  of  the  essential 
characters  of  the  genus  OphiaracJina.  Usually  there  are  two  pairs 
only  at  the  base  of  the  arms;  this  figure  is  sometimes  exceeded  in 
O.  affinis,  while  in  O.  incrassata  the  number  of  successive  pairs  is 
very  much  higher. 

An  opportunity  presenting  itself  of  including  a  photograph  of  the 
ventral  surface  of  O.  incrassata  for  comparison  with  the  new  species, 
I  have  seen  fit  to  profit  by  it  in  reproducing  also  a  photograph  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  same  specimen  (pi.  4,  fig.  7).  H.  L.  Clark 
('08,  p.  298),  in  mentioning  the  coloration  of  a  specimen  from 
Amboina  which  he  had  been  able  to  study,  says  that  the  markings 
of  this  species  conform  to  the  description  of  Miiller  and  Troschel 
"  disk  greenish,  center  and  areas  over  radial  shields  light  brownish 
(not  in  marked  contrast)  spotted  with  yellow;  arms  reddish  buff; 
arms  spines  light  yellow,"  etc. 

This  type  of  coloration  is  different  from  that  which  Herklots  has 
shown.  I  have  been  able  to  determine  that  the  Siboga  individuals 
had  markings  quite  comparable  to  those  which  Herklots  has  repro- 
duced in  his  colored  plate  ('68,  pi.  6),  and  I  mentioned  this  fact  in 
1905.  The  photograph  which  I  include  of  a  Siboga  specimen  can  not, 
of  course,  show  the  coloration,  but  it  indicates  the  arrangement  of 
the  spots  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  disk.  The  general  color  of  the 
individual  is  a  slightly  yellowish  green,  a  little  lighter  on  the  ventral 
surface;  the  spots,  surrounded  by  a  dark-brown  circle,  which  occur 
on  the  dorsal  surface  are  slightly  lighter  than  the  rest  of  that  sur- 
face and  of  a  more  yellowish  color ;  the  light-yellow  spines  show  one 
or  two  darker  rings  only  at  their  base. 

In  its  external  appearance  and  in  the  very  fine  granulation  of  the 
disk,  which  is  studded  with  dark  spots,  O.  quinquespinosa  shows  a 
resemblance,  though  a  rather  vague  and  quite  superficial  one,  with 
Ophiocoma  doderleini,  which  I  have  already  discussed.  The  length 
of  the  spines  and  the  arrangement  of  the  two  tentacle  scales  accen- 
tuates the  resemblance  with  an  Ophiocoina.  But  aside  from  the  two 
pairs  of  pores  which  occur  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  there  could  be  no 
question  of  assigning  to  the  genus  Ophiocoma  an  ophiuran  which 
does  not  possess  that  vertical  clump  of  tooth  papillae  so  characteristic 
of  the  latter  genus.  If  I  speak  of  this  purely  external  resemblance, 
it  is  especially  for  the  purpose  of  calling  to  mind  an  error  made  by 
Lyman  which  was  noticed  by  Loriol  and  more  recently  by  H.  L.  Clark 
('09,  p.  113).  In  the  diagnosis  which  he  gives  of  the  genus  Opliia- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      337 

rachna  Lyman  attributes  to  this  latter,  as  well  as  to  the  genus 
Ophiocoma,  very  numerous  tooth  papillae  arranged  in  a  vertical 
clump,  which  is  quite  contrary  to  the  original  diagnosis  of  Miiller 
and  Troschel.  It  is  interesting  to  compare  the  diagnoses  of  the 
genus  Ophiocoma  and  of  the  genus  Ophiarachna  which  were  given 
by  Lyman  in  the  Challenger  reports  ('82,  p.  167  and  173) ;  the 
question  arises  by  what  character  does  Lyman  distinguish  externally 
these  two  genera  (I  am  not  speaking  of  the  differences  in  the  form 
of  the  peristomial  plates).  As  Lyman's  error  has  been  repeated  by 
certain  authors,  and  especially  in  Bronn's  Thierreich  (Echinodermen, 
III,  Schlangesternen,  p.  939),  it  can  not  be  noticed  too  often  in  order 
that  naturalists  may  be  put  on  their  guard  against  it. 

PECTINURA  AEQUALIS  (Lyman). 

Plate  77,  figs.  16,  17. 

Ophiopeza  aequalis  LYMAN  ('82),  p.  12,  pi.  27,  figs.  7-9.— KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  10. 
Pectinura  acqualis  H.  L.  CLAKK  ('09),  p.  118;  ('15),  p.  303. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5415;  between  Cebu  and  Bohbl; 
Lauis  Point  Light  bearing  N.  24°  W.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2  miles  dis- 
tant (lat.  10°  07'  50"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  00"  E.) ;  161  meters  (88 
fathoms)  ;  March  24, 1909 ;  fne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  279,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5523;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  48°  W.,  12.42  kilometers  (6.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  48'  44"  N.,  long.  123°  27'  35"  E.) ;  August  10, 1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  280,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5541;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  65°  W.,  23.54 
kilometers  (12.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  49'  38"~N.,  long.  123°  34'  30" 
E.) ;  401  meters  (219  fathoms) ;  August  20,  1909,  fne.  S.,  brk.  Sh. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  281,  E.  282,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  25  mm.  and  30 
mm.  The  specimens  from  stations  5415  and  5541  are  almost  com- 
pletely decolorized ;  that  from  station  5523,  which  is  the  largest  of 
all,  still  has  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  pink,  and  the  arms  show 
annulations  which  are  alternately  very  light  pink  and  a  darker  red, 
these  latter  broader  than  the  former.  It  is  only  in  this  specimen  that 
I  find  ten  arm  spines  as  indicated  by  Lyman ;  usually  the  arm  spines 
are  eight  in  number. 

The  mouth  shields  are  almost  as  long  as  broad.  The  two  speci- 
mens from  station  5415  show  a  slight  variation  in  their  form ;  in  one 
of  them  the  mouth  shields  are  slightly  longer  than  broad  and  in 
the  other  they  are  a  little  broader  than  long.  I  give  photographs 
of  ventral  surface  of  these  two  specimens  (pi.  77,  figs.  16,  17). 
55269— 22— Bull.  100 22 


338  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  Chcdlenger  specimens  which  served  as  Lyman's  types  came 
from  northeast  of  New  Guinea  in  274  meters  (150  fathoms)  and  from 
the  Kei  Islands  in  209  meters  (114  fathoms).  The  Siloga  collected 
the  species  in  5°  S.  latitude  and  120°  E.  longitude,  in  204  meters 
(111.5  fathoms). 

PECTINURA  YOLDII  (Liitken). 

Ophiopeza  yoldii  L^TKEN  ('56),  p.  9.— LYMAN  ('82),  p.  12. 

Ophiopsamnms  yoldii  LIJTKEN  ('69),  p.  37  (p.  98). 

Ophiopeza  conjttoiffens  BELL  ('84),  p.  137.— DODERLEIN   ('96),  p.  281,  pi.  6, 

fig.  1.— KOSHLER  ('05),  p.  12;   ('07a),  p.  283. 
Pectinura  yoldii  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  119;  ('15),  p.  303. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5152;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi 
Tawi  Group;  Pajumajan  Island  (W.),  bearing  S.  2°  W.,  3.70  kilo- 
meters (2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  22'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  15'  45"  E.) ; 
62  meters  (34  fathoms) ;  February  18, 1908;  wh.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41184,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  15  mm. 

Pectinura  yoldii  has  a  rather  extensive  geographical  range.  It  is 
known  from  Amboina  and  from  Thursday  Island,  in  Torres  and 
Sapeh  Straits,  from  the  north  of  New  Guinea,  from  Sumatra,  from 
the  Philippines,  and  from  Australia  (New  South  Wales  and  Queens- 
land), etc.  It  is  usually  met  with  at  littoral  stations,  but  it  may 
descend  as  far  as  215  meters.  This  species  had  been  usually  de- 
scribed under  the  name  of  Ophiopeza  conjungens  until  H.  L.  Clark 
('09,  p.  119)  showed  that  this  name  was  a  synonym  of  Pectitwra 
yoldii  (Liitken). 

I  have  not  mentioned  in  the  bibliographic  list  above  a  note  by 
Verrill,  who  records  P.  yoldii  from  the  Antilles,14  for  this  record  is 
certainly  erroneous. 

OPHIOPEZELLA  SPINOSA   (Ljunffman). 

See  for  bibliography : 
Ophiopezetta  spinosa  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  120;   ('15).  p.  304 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5139;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  51°  W.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6° 
06'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  37  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  Febru- 
ary 14,  1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41290,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5141;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light  bearing  S.  17° 
E.  8.85  kilometers  (10.19  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  09'  00"  N.,  long.  120° 
58'  00"  E.)  ;  53  meters  (29  fathoms)  ;  February  15,  1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41289,  U.S.N.M.). 

14  Trans.  Connecticut  A  cad.,  vol.  10,  1899,  p.  373. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      339 

Albatross  station  5218;  between  Burias  and  Luzon;  Anima  Sola 
Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  10°  W.,  3.70  kilometers  (2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  11'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  02'  45"  E.) ;  37  meters  (20  fathoms)  ; 
April  22,  1908;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41291,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5555;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian- Point 
(Jolo)  bearing  N.  50°  W.,  6.11  kilometers  (3.3  miles)  distant  (lat. 
5°  51'  15"  N.,  long.  120°  58'  35"  E.) ;  62  meters  (34  fathoms) ; 
September  18,  1909 ;  crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41292,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  synonymy  of  this  species  was  cleared  up  in  1909  by 
H.  L.  Clark,  who  showed  that  O.  liitkeni  Loriol  is  not  different  from 
O.  spinosa,  and  must  laspe  into  synonymy,  and  that,  on  the  other 
hand,  contrary  to  Liitken's  opinion,  Ophiopeza  fallow  Peters  is  dif- 
ferent from  this  latter,  and  must  be  placed  in  the  genus  Pectinura, 
as  H.  L.  Clark  redefined  it.  There  remain  in  the  genus  Ophiopezella^ 
therefore,  only  twro  species — 0.  spinosa,  characterized  by  the  very 
numerous  (12  to  14)  arm  spines  as  well  as  by  its  brown  coloration, 
and  O.  dubiosa  Loriol,  with  only  nine  spines  and  gray  in  color.  This 
latter  is  as  yet  known  only  from  Mauritius,  while  O.  spinosa  hafc 
been  met  with  in  various  localities — the  Tonga  Islands,  the  Fiji 
Islands,  Amboina,  the  Society  Islands,  the  island  of  Nusa  Laut 
(Siboga  collection),  etc.,  regions  to  which  must  be  added  the  three 
localities  listed  above.  It  scarcely  seems  to  reach  beyond  littoral  sta- 
tion; the  Siboga  found  it  in  46  meters  (25  fathoms)  and  the  Alba- 
tross (station  5555)  in  61  meters  (33.5  fathoms). 

The  three  Albatross  specimens  are  well  characterized,  and  their 
color  is  brownish  gray,  with  darker  annulations  on  the  arms;  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  7  mm.  and  8  mm. 

OPHIARACHNELLA  GORGONIA  (Miiller  and  Troschel). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Pectinura  gorgonia,  KCEIILEE  ('05),  p.  8. — H.  L.  CLABK  ('08),  p.  2S9.— 
KOCHLER  ('07).  p.  284;  ('07b),  p.  243.— MACINTOSH  ('11),  p.  157. 

Ophiarachnella  gorgonia  II.  L.  CLABK  ('09),  p.  123;  ('15),  p.  305. — MAT- 
SUMOTO  ('IT),  p.  323. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5165;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago, 
Tawi  Tawi  Group ;  Observation  Island  bearing  N.  70°  W.,  11.86  kilo- 
meters (6.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  58'  20"  N.,  long.  119°  50'  30" 
E.) ;  16  meters  (9  fathoms) ;  February  24,  1908;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  223,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5558;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity;  Cabalian  Point 
bearing  S..  2.04  kilometers  (1.1  miles)  distant  (fat.  5°  51'  33"  N., 


340  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

long.  121°  00'  58"  E.)  ;  27  meters  (15  fathoms);  September  18, 
'1909;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  222,  U.S.N.M.). 

Nasugbu,  Luzon;  reef;  January  14,  1908. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  221,  U.S.N.M.). 

San  Pascual. 

Two  specimens. 

Batan  Island. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  220,  U.S.N.M.). 

Samoa;  Sir  Charles  N.  E.  Eliot. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  224,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  from  station  5165  is  gray;  the  annulations 
of  the  arms  are  narrow  and  of  a  light  brown  color.  The  three 
others  are  green  with  darker  annulations  on  the  arms. 

In  1909  H.  L.  Clark  discussed  and  cleared  up  the  synonymy  of 
this  species  and  showed  that  Pectinura  7)iarmorata  Lyman,  P.  ram- 
sayi  Bell,  P.  intermedia  Bell,  P.  steai^nsii  Ives,  and  P.  venusta  Loriol 
must  be  united  with  it. 

Ophiarachnella  gorgonia  is  one  of  the  most  widely  distributed 
species  in  the  Indo-Pacific  region;  it  is  preeminently  littoral  and 
scarcely  ever  descends  to  more  than  50  meters  (28  fathoms) ;  but  the 
Siboga  found  it  at  the  roadstead  of  Pasir  Pandjong,  on  the  west 
coast  of  Binongka,  in  278  meters  (152  fathoms). 

OPHIARACHNELLA  HONORATA  (Kojhler). 

Peotinura  honorata  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  8,  pi.  2,  figs.  1-3. 
Ophiarachnella  honorata  H.  L.  CLARK   ('09),  p.  125;    ('15),  p.  306. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5661;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa  bear- 
ing N.  21°  E.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  49'  40" 
S.,  long.  120°  24'  30"  E.) ;  339  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  December 
20,  1909. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  203,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  24  mm.  and 
27  mm.;  the  arms  reach  a  length  of  180  mm.  and  may  even  exceed 
this. 

The  specimens  all  agree  perfectly  with  the  type  of  the  species, 
and  do  not  show  the  least  variation. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  is  a  more  or  less 
dark  brownish  gray,  or  a  lighter  yellowish  brown. 

The  arms  show  dark  annulations  which  involve  usually  two  or 
three  segments,  and  which  are  separated  by  lighter  portions  including 
usually  three  or  four  segments.  The  ventral  surface  is  almost  white. 
This  coloration  appears  to  be  correlated  with  the  relatively  slight  depth 
at  which  O.  honorata  has  been  collected.  The  Siboga  captured  it  at 
a  depth  of  304  meters  (167  fathoms)  in  5°  S.  lattitude  and  132°  E. 
longitude. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      341 
OPHIARACHNELLA  INFERNALJS  (Miiller  and  Troschel). 

See  for  bibliography : 

Pectinura  infernalis  KOSHLEB  ('05),  p.  7;  ('07),  p.  285.— H.  L.  CLABK  ('08), 
p.  289.— KCEHLEB  ('10),  p.  289.— MACINTOSH  ('11),  p.  157. 

Ophiarachnella  infernalis  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  124;  ('15),  p.  305.— MATSU- 
MOTO  ('17),  p.  324. 

Locality.— Tataan,  Simulac;  February  19,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41173,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  of  small  size,  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
being  only  10  mm. 

In  1910  I  gave  the  reasons  why  I  continue  to  distinguish  O.  infer- 
nalis from  0.  similis,  which  I  described  in  1905,  in  spite  of  the  con- 
trary opinion  of  H.  L.  Clark.  I  maintain  absolutely  that  separa- 
tion. Furthermore,  H.  L.  Clark  has  now  recanted  on  his  previous 
opinion,  and  in  his  magnificent  work  of  1915  he  includes  as  distinct 
species  both  0.  infernalis  and  O.  swnilis  ('15,  p.  305  and  306,  Nos. 
1082  and  1096). 

OPHIARACHNELLA  NITENS  (Kcehler). 

Pectinura  nitens  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  10,  pi.  1,  figs.  10-12. 
Ophiarachnella  nitens  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  125;   ('15),  p.  306. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5139;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  51°  W.,  5.79  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
6°  06'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  02'  30"  E.) ;  37  meters  (20  fathoms) ;  Febru- 
ary 14,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  320,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5152;  Sulu  (J616)  Archipelago;  Tawi  Tawi 
Group;  Pajumajan  Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  2°  W.,  3.22  kilometers 
(2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  22'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  15'  45"  E.) ;  62 
meters  (34  fathoms)  ;  February  18,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  319,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5161;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Tinakta  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  12°  W.,  2.90  kilometers  (1.8  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  10'  15"  N.,  long.  119°  53'  00"  E.)  ;  29  meters  (16 
fathoms)  ;  February  22,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  318,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  from  station  5139  is  the  largest,  and  the 
disk  measures  18  mm.  in  diameter;  it  is  therefor  larger  than  my 
type  specimen  in  which  this  diameter  reaches  only  16  mm.  The 
two  others  are  smaller,  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measuring  respec- 
tively 10  mm.  and  7  mm. 

These  three  specimens  agree  very  well  with  the  type,  which  was* 
collected  by  the  Siboga  in  Sapeh  Strait,  in  69  meters  (38  fathoms). 
I  find,  however,  this  slight  difference,  that  in  the  largest  specimen 
the  mouth  shields  are  a  little  elongated  and  their  proximal  angle 


342  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

is  more  rounded.  The  general  color  is  rather  light  pinkish  gray, 
and  the  annulations  of  the  arms  are  only  slightly  marked. 

The  two  smaller  specimens  are  darker,  of  a  general  brownish  gray 
color,  with  the  annulations  of  the  arms  better  marked. 

The  specimen  from  station  5161  has  two  regenerating  arms. 

BATHYPECTINURA  CONSPICUA   (Kcehler). 

Plate  77,  figs.  1-15. 
Pectinura  conspicua  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  322,  pi.  6,  figs.  36,  37;  ('99),  p.  32, 

pi.  2,  figs.  14,  15;  ('04),  p.  9,  pi.  1,  fig.  1. 
Pectinura  modesta  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  7,  pi.  2,  figs  4-6. 
Pectinura  elata  KCEIILER  ('06),  p.  7,  pi.  1,  figs.  1-3:   ('07),  p.  249,  pi.  18, 

figs.  1-3;    ('07a),  p.  284. 

Bathypectinura  conspicua  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  130;   ('15),  p.  306. 
Bathypectinura  modesta  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  130;   ('15),  p.  307. 
Bathvpectinura  elata  H.  L.  CLARK   ('09),  p.  130;   ('15),  p.  306. 

And  the  following  are  without  doubt  also  synonyms : 

Pectinura  heros  LYMAN  (79),  p.  48,  pi.  14,  figs.  389-391;  ('82),  p.  16,  pi.  23, 

figs.  7-9.— KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  325;   ('99),  p.  38;    ('04),  p.  9. 
Bathypectinura  heros  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09).  p.  330;   ('15),  p.  307. 
Pectinura  tessellata  LYMAN  ('83),  p.  230,  pi.  3,  figs.  1-3. 
Bathypectinura  tessellata  H.  L.  CLARK  ('09),  p.  130;   ('15),  p.  306. 
Bathypectinura  gotoi  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  87. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  306. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5114;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde 
Island  Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  36°  E.,  11.58  kilome- 
ters (7.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  36'  11"  N.,  long.  120°  45'  26"  E.) ; 
622  meters  (340  fathoms) ;  January  20,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  127,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5216;  between  Burias  and  Luzon;  Anima  Sola 
Island  bearing  N.  44°  W.,  47.47  kilometers  (29.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
12°  52'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  23'  30"  E.) ;  393  meters  (215  fathoms) : 
April  22,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  157,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5274;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  73°  30'  E.,  28.16  kilo- 
meters (17.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  57'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  03'  25" 
E.) ;  960  meters  (525  fathoms) ;  July  16,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  115,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5286;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  45°  W.,  31.38  kilometers 
(19.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  38'  15"  N.,  long.  120°  34'  20"  E.)  ;  823 
meters  (450  fathoms) ;  July  20,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  153,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5445 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay ;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  56°  E.. 
8.53  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44'  42"  N.,  long.  124° 
59'  50"  E.) ;  701  meters  (383  fathoms) ;  June  3,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  119,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      343 

Albatross  station  5460;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Sialat  Point  Light  bearing  N.  24°  E.,  13.19 
kilometers  (8.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  32'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  58' 
06"  E.) ;  1,033  meters  (565  fathoms) ;  June  10,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  154,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5468 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  83°  W.,  9.17 
kilometers  (5.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  35'  39"  N.,  long.  123°  40'  28" 
E.) ;  1,041  meters  (569  fathoms) ;  June  10,  1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  126.  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5492;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao;  Diuata 
Point  (W.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  24.46  kilometers  (15.2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  125°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,344  meters  (735 
fathoms) ;  August  1,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  116,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5494;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao;  Diuata 
Point  (N.)  bearing  N.  74°  W.,  7.78  kilometers  (4.2  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  06'  30"  N.,  long.  125°  18'  40"  E.) ;  1,240  meters  (678 
fathoms) ;  August  2,  1909 ;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  123,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5495 ;  between  Leyte  and  Mindanao ;  Diuata  Point 
(N.)  bearing  S.  76°  E.,  17.42  kilometers  (9.4  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  06'  30"  N.,  long.  125°  00'  20"  E.) ;  1,785  meters  (976  fathoms) ; 
August  2,  1909;  gy.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  155,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5505;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Maca- 
balan  Point  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  14.27  kilometers 
(7.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  37'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  36'  00"  E.) ;  402 
meters  (220  fathoms) ;  August  5,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  124,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5587;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinitj  ;  Sipadan 
Island  (W.)  bearing  S.  12°  E.,  7.04  kilometers  (3.8  miles)  distant 
(lat.  4°  10'  35"  N.,  long.  118°  37'  12"  E.) ;  759  meters  (415  fathoms 
September  28, 1909;  gn.  M.,  S., 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  125,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5608;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Binang  Unang 
Island  Peak  bearing  S.  87°  E.,  35.21  kilometers  (19  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  08'  00"  S.,  long.  121°  19'  00"  E.) :  1,992  meters  (1,089 
fathoms) ;  November  18,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  E.  117,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5613;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Buka  Buka 
Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  28°,  7.41  kilometers  (4  miles)  distant  (lat. 


344  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

0°  42'  00"  S.,  long.  121°  44'  00"  E.)  ;  1,375  meters  (752  fathoms)  : 
November  20,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  156,  U.S.N.M.4). 

Albatross  station  5617;  Dodinga  Bay,  Gillolo  Island;  Ternate 
Island  (SE.)  bearing  S.  45°  W.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  49'  30"  N.,long.  127°  25'  30"  E.) ;  239  meters  (131  fathoms) ; 
November  27,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  118,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms)  ;  December  16, 
1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  122,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5657 ;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes ;  Olang  Point  bear- 
ing N.  61°  W.,  28.72  kilometers  (15.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  19'  40" 
S.,  long.  120°  36'  30"  E.) ;  900  meters  (492  fathoms) ;  December  19, 
1909 ;  gy  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  120,  E.  121,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  study  of  the  large  series  of  specimens  collected  by  the 
Albatross  has  lead  to  quite  unexpected  conclusions  which  for  a  long 
time  I  hesitated  more  or  less  to  admit.  The  examination  of  these 
specimens  and  their  comparison  with  other  B athypectinuras  from 
different  localities  which  I  had  referred  to  different  species,  has  lead 
me  to  the  conclusion  that  B.  conspicua  is  a  very  variable  form,  and 
that  it  is  not  possible  to  separate  from  it  B.  data  and  B.  modesta 
from  which  I  had  previously  distinguished  it.  I  should  not  even  be 
surprised  if  it  should  be  found  that  Lyman's  B.  h-eros  and  B.  lacter- 
tosa  should  also  be  united  with  B.  conspicua. 

I  described  B.  conspicua  in  1896  from  specimens  collected  by  the 
Investigator  in  the  delta  of  the  Godavery  at  a  depth  of  110  fathoms, 
and  the  principal  characters  of  this  species  were  the  very  large  size, 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaching  40  mm.,  the  shape  of  the  mouth 
shields,  which  are  a  little  broader  than  long,  the  number  of  the  arm 
spines,  which  are  at  first  four,  falling  to  three  at  a  little  distance 
from  the  arm  base,  the  occurrence  of  numerous  pores  between  the 
under  arm  plates  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  the  presence  of  a  large 
tentacle  scale.  I  rediscovered  B.  conspicua  in  the  Siboga  collection, 
that  ship  having  collected  this  species  at  different  stations  between 
0°-9°  S.  latitude  and  116°-119°  E.  longitude,  at  depths  varying  from 
~>38  to  2.029  meters  (295  to  1,110  fathoms) ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
of  these  specimens  was  between  25  mm.  and  50  mm. 

I  thought  it  necessary  to  distinguish  in  the  Siboga  collection  a 
species  smaller  than  the  majority  of  the  specimens  of  B.  conspicua, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      345 

, 

in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  25  mm. ;  this  species,  to  which 
I  gave  the  name  of  Pectinura  modesta,  possessed  five  arm  spines,  the 
ventral  spine  being  appreciably  larger  than  the  others,  in  this  last 
character  recalling  Lyman's  P.  tessellata.  The  specimen,  unfor- 
tunately unique,  came  from  a  locality  very  near  that  where  R.  con- 
spicua  had  been  found  (7°  S.  latitude  and  114°  E.  longitude,  at  a 
depth  of  330  meters,  or  180  fathoms). 

Under  the  name  of  Pectinura  elata  I  also  described  in  1907  a  spe- 
cies collected  b}'  the  expeditions  of  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman 
in  localities  widely  different  from  the  preceding  (lat.  25°  N.,  long. 
19°  W.  )  at  a  depth  of  from  2,325  to  2.518  meters  (1,273  to  1,380  fath- 
oms) ;  this  ophiuran,  wyhich  was  of  rather  large  size,  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  exceeding  30  mm.,  was,  like  P.  modesta,  without  ventral 
pores.  I  characterized  P.  elata  by  the  presence  of  three  arm  spines 
which  are  less  than  half  the  arm  segment  in  length,  by  having  the 
mouth  shields  as  long  as  broad,  and  by  the  presence  of  a  single  ten- 
tacle scale  to  each  pore,  this  tentacle  scale  reaching  a  very  large  size 
on  the  first  arm  segments.  The  affinities  of  this  species  seemed  to  me 
especially  toward  P.  heros  Lyman,  but  it  is  distinguished  from  that 
species  by  having  the  mouth  shields  as  long  as  broad,  by  the  large 
size  of  the  tentacle  scales  on  the  first  arm  segments,  and  by  having  the 
arm  spines  larger  on  the  first  segments. 

But  I  find  in  the  Albatross  collection  a  large  series  of  specimens 
showing  characters  so  variable,  or  rather  showing  in  such  a  complete 
manner  all  the  intermediates  between  the  different  characters  upon 
which  I  had  thought  it  possible  t'o  base  a  distinction  between  the  three 
species  which  I  have  just  mentioned — B .  conspicua,  B.  modesta,  and  B- 
elata — that  it  does  not  seem  to  me  possible  to  maintain  the  two  latter. 
I  shall  go  even  further  and  add  that  Lyman's  P.  heros  and  P.  tesse- 
lata,  Atlantic  species  like  B.  elata.  should  probably  not  be  separated 
from  B.  conspicua,  which  thus  ceases  to  be  peculiar  to  the  Indo-Pa- 
cific  region.  I  do  not  dare,  however,  to  make  a  definite  statement  con- 
cerning these  two  species,  which  I  have  not  personally  examined. 

To  summarize  the  observations  which  I  made  on  the  specimens 
collected  by  the  Albatross,  I  shall  record  briefly  the  notes  which 
made,  considering  successively  the  size  of  the  specimens,  the  shape  of 
the  mouth  shields,  and  the  occurrence  of  a  supplementary  plate  be- 
yond the  latter,  the  tentacle  scales,  the  ventral  pores,  and  the  number 
and  dimensions  of  the  arm  spines. 

Regarding  the  dimension  of  the  specimens,  it  may  be  said  that  all 
sizes  are  represented,  since  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measures  in  the 
smallest  11  mm.  (station  5114),  while  in  the  largest  it  reaches  45  mm.. 


346 


BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


with  numerous  intermediate  sizes  which  I  give  in  the  following 
table: 


Stations. 

Diameter  of 
the  disk. 

Stations. 

Diameter  of 
the  disk. 

5114... 

Millimeters. 
11 

5613. 

Millimeters. 
25 

5587.. 

19 

5495. 

27  28  33 

5286 

21 

5648 

'So 

5505... 

22 

5657. 

38  44  44  45 

5460.       . 

23 

5492 

45 

Whatever  the  size  may  be,  the  general  form  of  the  individuals 
remains  the  same;  in  the  dorsal  median  line  the  arms  are  raised  up 
into  a  very  pronounced  dihedral  angle,  and  their  cross  section  is 
triangular;  the  spines  are  almost  confined  to  the  ventral  surface. 
In  the  smallest  specimens  the  triangular  form  of  the  arm  is  naturally 
less  marked,  though  in  them  the  dorsal  median  line  is  already 
strongly  elevated. 

In  none  of  the  Abatross  specimens  have  I  found  the  ventral  pores 
as  developed  as  in  the  Investigator  specimens  which  served  me  as 
the  type  series.  For  comparison  I  show  on  plate  77,  as  figure  1,  one 
of  the  latter  in  which  at  least  five  pairs  of  pores  can  be  recognized, 
and  even  the  traces  of  a  sixth  pair.  In  describing  the  species  I  re- 
marked that  the  number  of  these  pores  was  not  constant,  and  that  in 
certain  specimens  there  were  three  or  four  pairs  only  (Koehler  '96, 
p.  324).  The  Albatross  specimens  in  which  these  pores  are  most 
developed  are  that  from  station  5492,  in  which  the  disk  measures 
45  mm.  in  diameter,  and  that  from  station  5494,  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  41  mm. ;  I  have  shown  the  latter  in  figure  2 ; 
two  pairs  of  pores  are  visible  on  each  arm,  and  the  third  is  usually 
indicated.  The  specimens  from  station  5274.  which  have  the  disk  43 
mm.  in  diameter,  also  show  two  pairs  of  pores  at  the  base  of  each 
arm,  but  the  second  pair  is  only  slightly  evident.  On  the  other  large 
specimens  these  pores  are  not  generally  visible;  but  I  find  one  pair 
well  marked,  though  on  only  three  arms,  in  the  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5697  (fig.  2).  On  other  smaller  specimens  the  pores  of  the  first 
pair  are  often  present ;  I  find  them  for  instance  in  the  three  individu- 
als from  station  5495,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  measures, 
respectively,  27,  28,  and  33  mm.;  these  pores  are  especially  well 
shown  on  two  specimens  of  which  I  show  the  ventral  surface  in  fig- 
ures 9  and  11.  I  also  find  them  on  a  specimen  from  station  5216  with 
a  disk  diameter  of  from  27  mm.  to  28  mm.,  and  on  another  (fig.  6) 
from  station  5587  with  a  disk  diameter  of  19  mm.,  in  which  the  pores 
are  visible  on  two  arms  only.  On  the  small  specimen  from  station 
5114  (fig.  3),  in  which  the  disk  is  only  11  mm.  in  diameter,  this  first 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      347 

pair  of  pores  appeal  on  all  the  arms.  Everywhere  else  the  pores  are 
lacking. 

In  Pectinura  elata  from  the  Atlantic,  as  I  stated  in  my  original 
description  in  1907,  the  ventral  pores  are  always  lacking;  I  give  a 
photograph  of  the  ventral  surface  of  one  of  the  specimens  collected 
by  the  expeditions  of  the  Travailleur  and  of  the  Talisman  (fig.  8). 

The  tentacle  scales  are  always  very  large  on  the  first  arm  seg- 
ments, and  their  size  decreases  rather  rapidly  from  the  first  pair  on- 
ward, but  their  dimensions  are  rather  variable;  perhaps  there  is 
some  relation  between  their  size  and  the  presence  or  absence  of  the 
ventral  pores.  It  is  not  rare  to  see  the  scale  of  the  pores  of  the  first 
pair  doubled,  and  this  may  even  happen  on  the  pores  of  the  second 
pair.  The  scales  of  the  first  pair  may  be  broadened  so  as  almost  to 
be  in  contact  in  the  median  line  of  the  arms,  as  I  find  in  two  speci- 
mens from  station  5657  (fig.  7)  and  on  that  from  station  5608  (fig.  5). 
I  have  already  recorded  this  considerable  development  of  the  first 
tentacle  scale  in  P.  elata  collected  by  the  Talisman,  and  it  may  be 
seen  in  the  photograph  which  I  give  of  it  (fig.  8).  When  these 
tentacle  scales  are  not  in  contact,  though  much  broadened,  the  sec- 
ond under  arm  plate  tapers  rapidly  in  its  proximal  region;  this  is 
what  occurs  in  the  specimen  from  station  5657,  shown  in  figure  7, 
and  in  that  from  station  5608  (fig.  5).  I  also  find  the  same  feature 
in  the  specimen  from  station  5648,  which  has  a  disk  diameter  of  35 
mm.,  as  well  as  in  those  from  stations  5460  and  5613,  which  are 
smaller,  with  the  diameter  of  the  disk  from  23  mm.  to  25  mm.  In 
other  larger  specimens  the  tentacle  scale  is  less  developed.  The  more 
or  less  large  dimensions  which  this  scale  may  assume  are  not  there- 
for exclusively  correlated  with  size. 

The  form  of  the  mouth  shields  also  shows  very  great  variation. 
As  a  general  rule  these  shields  are  triangular  and  a  little  broader 
than  long,  their  outlines  being  somewhat  modified  by  the  more  or 
less  considerable  development  of  the  granules  which  to  a  varying 
degree  extend  over  their  borders  as  well  as  also  over  the  adoral  and 
oral  plates.  In  the  Investigator  specimen  shown  in  figure  I  these 
shields  are  markedly  broader  than  long;  it  is  the  same  in  the  speci- 
men from  station  5494  (fig.  2)  and  in  one  of  those  from  station  5495 
(fig.  11).  These  shields  are  almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  some 
variation  possible  in  the  same  specimen ;  I  show  here  specimens  from 
stations  5114  (fig.  3),  5587  (fig.  6),  5657  (fig.  7).  and  5495  (fig.  9) 
in  which  the  mouth  shields  are  almost  as  long  as  broad.  These 
shields  may  become  much  elongated  and  appreciably  longer  than 
broad ;  this  occurs,  for  instance,  in  the  large  specimen  from  station 
5608  (fig.  5),  in  the  two  from  station  5468,  and  in  one  of  the  three 
from  station  5495  (fig.  10).  A  comparison  of  the  three  specimens 
from  this  last  station  is  very  interesting,  for  one  of  them  has  the 


348  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

mouth  shields  almost  as  long  as  broad  (tig.  9),  the  other  has  them 
a  little  longer  than  broad  (fig.  10),  and  in  the  third  they  are  broader 
than  long  (fig.  11).  I  have  shown  these  three  specimens  side  by 
side  (figs.  9-11).  In  P.  elata  from  the  Talisman  collection  the 
mouth  shields  are  as  long  as  broad  (fig.  8). 

As  for  the  supplementary  plate  which  may  be  found  beyond  the 
mouth  shield,  it  appears  in  certain  individuals  and  is  lacking  in 
others ;  it  may  even  occur  in  two  or  three  interradii  and  be  lacking 
in  the  others  in  the  same  individual ;  there  does  not  seem  to  be  the 
least  relation  between  the  presence  of  this  plate  and  the  size  of  the 
specimen. 

If  we  examine  the  arm  spines,  we  find  that  it  is  only  in  the  small 
specimen  from  station  5114  that  they  do  not  exceed  three  at  the  base 
of  the  arms  (fig.  15),  and  this  number  falls  to  two  at  a  little  distance 
from  the  disk ;  but  on  the  two  or  three  first  arm  segments  sometimes 
I  find  a  very  small  fourth  supplementary  spine,  which  appears  at 
the  superior  angle  of  the  side  arm  plate.  In  the  other  specimens  in 
which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  19  mm.  and  25  mm. 
there  are  always  some  arm  segments  at  the  base  of  the  arms  which 
have  four  spines,  and  in  the  larger  specimens  this  number  reaches 
five,  falling  afterwards  to  four  and  in  the  distal  half  of  the  arms 
to  three.  In  the  small  specimen  from  station  5114  the  three  spines 
are  equal;  in  that  from  station  5587  (fig.  4)  the  four  spines  are 
short  and  equal.  In  the  other  specimens  the  spines  are  generally  a 
little  longer,  and  the  ventral  spine  slightly  exceeds  the  others.  Some- 
times the  arm  spines  are  rather  long  at  the  base  of  the  arm,  and 
they  may  even  reach  the  length  of  the  segment ;  I  find  this  condition 
in  the  specimen  from  station  5505  (fig.  13),  but  usually  these  spines 
do  not  exceed  half  the  segment,  and  they  become  smaller  as  the  dis- 
tance from  the  disk  increases.  In  the  large  specimens  the  number  five 
is  frequent  at  the  base  of  the  arms  and  is  maintained  for  a  variable 
length,  it  falling  to  four  and  finally  to  three,  as  I  have  just  said,  but 
with  rather  frequent  irregularities.  Here  again  the  variations  are 
very  great.  I  may  recall  that  the  presence  of  five  arm  spines,  with 
the  ventral  the  largest,  was  one  of  the  principal  characters  upon 
which  I  based  my  Pectinura  modesta.  In  Pectinura  elata  the  spines 
are  four  in  number  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  then  three  for  a 
rather  large  portion  of  their  length ;  but  I  sometimes  find  five  at  the 
base  of  the  arms,  though  that  is  very  rare;  these  spines  are  subequal. 
but  the  ventral  spine  is  sometimes  a  little  larger  than  the  others. 

Considering  all  these  variations,  I  believe  that  B.  conspicua  should 
be  considered  as  a  rather  polymorphic  species,  and  I  no  longer  be- 
lieve myself  justified  in  maintaining  the  two  species  which  I  estab- 
lished on  characters  which  to-day  appear  inadequate — P.  modesta, 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      349 

which  was  only  represented  by  a  single  specimen  with  five  arm 
spines,  the  first  ventral  the  largest,  and  without  distinct  pores  between 
the  under  arm  plates,  as  well  as  P.  elata,  an  Atlantic  form,  also 
without  ventral  pores  and  possessing  very  large  tentacle  scales  on 
the  first  pair  of  pores,  with  four  subequal  spines  at  the  base  of  the 
arms. 

Bathypectinura  conspicua,  taken  in  a  very  broad  sense,  has  a  vast 
geographical  range,  for  it  exists  in  the  three  great  oceans— the  At- 
lantic, the  Indian,  and  the  Pacific.  Its  bathymetrical  range  is  also 
rather  great,  since  the  extreme  limits  of  the  depths  at  which  it  has 
been  captured  are  393  meters  (215  fathoms) — Albatross  station 
5216 — and  335  meters  (183  fathoms) — B.  modesta  of  the  Siboga — 
on  the  one  hand  and  2,503  meters  (1,375  fathoms) — P.  data  of  the 
Talisman — on  the  other. 

In  speaking  of  the  variations  of  B.  conspicua,  I  have  only  consid- 
ered the  forms  which  I  have  been  able  personally  to  study — B. 
viodesta  and  B.  elata;  but,  as  I  have  said  above,  I  am  led  to  believe 
that  two  other  species  also  referred  to  the  genus  Bathypectinura 
should  be  united  with  B.  conspicua;  these  are  Pectinura  Jieros  Lyman, 
which  the  Challenger  found  in  5°  S.  latitude  and  134°  E.  longitude  in 
1,460  meters  (800  fathoms)  in  the  vicinity  of  the  station  where  the 
Siboga  dredged  B.  conspicua,  and  P.  tesselleta  Lyman,  which  the 
Blake  collected  in  the  Danish  West  Indies  in  451  fathoms  (824 
meters). 

In  Lyman's  Pectinura  Jieros  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  22  mm., 
and  the  length  of  the  spines,  which  are  three  in  number,  almost 
equals  half  that  of  the  segment;  but  Lyman  does  not  say  whether 
these  spines  are  equal  or  unequal ;  on  the  figures  which  he  published, 
both  in  1879  (79,  pi.  14,  fig.  391)  and  in  1882  ('82,  pi.  23,  fig.  10), 
he  shows  the  ventral  spine  longer  than  the  others.  In  P.  tessellata 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  17.5  mm.,  the  spines  are  four  or  five  in 
number,  and  according  to  Lymans  figure  ('83,  pi.  3,  fig.  3)  the  ven- 
tral spine  is  a  little  longer  than  the  others.  These  two  species  seem 
to  me  quite  identical  with  certain  specimens  of  B.  conspicua  of  the 
same  size. 

Very  recently  Matsumoto  ('15,  p.  87)  described  under  the  name  of 
Bathypectinura  gotoi  an  ophiuran  from  Sagami  Bay,  311  meters 
(170  fathoms),  represented  by  two  specimens  in  which  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  reached  50  mm.  and  the  length  of  the  arms  190  mm.; 
these  are  therefore  large-sized  individuals.  The  arm  spines  are  four 
in  number  over  a  large  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms,  the  number 
then  falling  to  three.  I  find  nothing  in  Matsumoto's  description 
permitting  the  separation  of  this  form  from  B.  conspicua,  and  I  am 
inclined  to  believe  that  the  two  represent  the  same  species.  Matsu- 
moto compares  B.  gotoi  with  B.  lacertosa  Lyman,  which  was  found 


350  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

off  Grenada  in  159  fathoms,  but  the  latter  has  very  short  arms,  and 
this  character  seems  to  me  sufficient  to  separate  it  from  B.  conspicua* 
I  can  not  understand  why  Matsumoto  in  describing  B.  gotoi  com- 
pares it  only  with  B.  lacertosa,  which  has  the  arms  very  short,  and 
does  not  mention  the  other  species  of  the  genus  which  have  the  arms 
elongated  like  itself. 

If  the  identity  of  B.  heros  and  B.  tessellata  with  B.  compicua 
ivhich  I  suspect  should  be  confirmed,  it  is  obvious  that  the  name 
heros  must  be  used,  as  that  name  has  priority ;  but  I  do  not  dare  to 
make  this  change  before  I  have  more  complete  comparative  data, 
and  I  have  thought  it  best  to  call  the  species  collected  by  the  Alba- 
tross, B.  conspicua. 

CRYPTOPELTA  TECTA,  new  species. 

Plate  78,  figs.  1,  2. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5174;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo 
Light  bearing  E.,  4.82  kilometers  (2.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  03'  45" 
N.,  long.  120°  57'  00"  E.) ;  37  meters  (20  fathoms)  ;  March  5,  1908; 
crs.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41391.  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  7  mm.;  the  arms  are 
30  mm.  long;  they  are  relatively  broad,  and  much  flattened. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal;  the  dorsal  surface  is  uniformly  covered 
with  very  small  granules,  which  continue  over  the  ventral  surface, 
where  they  cover  not  only  the  mouth  pieces,  but  also  the  four  or  five 
first  under  arm  plates.  These  granules  are  not  perfectly  spherical, 
but  are  somewhat  elongated,  and  seen  in  profile  they  resemble  small 
and  extremely  short  spines.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  genital  slits,  which 
are  broadly  open  and  much  elongated,  these  granules  become  some- 
what coarser.  The  mouth  papillae  number  nine  or  ten  on  either 
side ;  the  four  or  five  outer  are  broader  than  the  others,  almost  as  long 
as  broad,  with  the  free  border  rounded :  the  other  papillae  are  nar- 
rower and  conical. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate,  which  is  quadrangular,  is  short,  very 
much  broader  than  long,  with  the  distal  border  rounded.  The  second 
is  similarly  quadrangular,  and  also  a  little  broader  than  long.  The 
third  and  the  fourth  are  almost  as  long  as  broad,  and  the  following 
plates  become  a  little  longer  than  broad,  while  at  the  same  time  their 
proximal  border  become  shorter;  the  distal  border  always  remains 
convex.  Toward  the  extremity  of  the  arms  the  proximal  border  dis- 
appears; the  plates  are  then  triangular  and  elongated,  with  a  very 
sharp  proximal  angle.  The  dorsal  plates  remain  in  contact  through- 
out almost  the  whole  length  of  the  arms,  being  separated  only  on  the 
last  segments. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      351 

The  first  under  arm  plates  are  entirely  covered  by  granules,  as 
I  have  stated  above,  and  their  outlines  are  quite  hidden :  these  gran- 
ules may  extend  as  far  as  the  fifth  plate.  The  following  plates  are 
hexagonal,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  three  short  proximal 
borders,  two  sides  notched  by  the  tentacle  pores,  and  a  rounded 
distal  border;  they  are  at  first  in  contact.  At  some  distance  from 
the  disk  the  three  short  proximal  sides  become  converted  into  an 
acute  angle,  and  the  plates  become  pentagonal,  always  remaining  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  and  at  the  same  time  they  become  separated 
by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates  usually  bear  six  short  subequal  spines  which 
are  a  little  shorter  than  half  the  segment;  the  three  or  four  first 
segments  have  usually  seven  of  them. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  of  medium  size  and  oval. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  light  gray  with  broad  light 
brown  annulations  on  the  arms. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  genus  Cryptopelta  was 
established  by  H.  L.  Clark  for  Ophiopeza  aster  Lyman,  and  he  later 
described  a  second  species,  C.  granulifera,  from  a  specimen  from 
Mauritius,  which  was  distinguished  from  C.  aster  by  its  flattened 
arms  and  different  coloration.  Cryptopelta  tecta  seems  to  me  very 
close  to  C.  granulifera,  but  it  differs  from  it,  as  from  C.  aster,  by 
having  its  upper  and  under  arm  plates  longer  than  broad,  by  having 
the  granules  covering  the  first  under  arm  plates,  and  by  having  the 
arm  spines  only  six  in  number  except  on  the  first  segments. 

OPIHURODON  CINCTUS  (Brock). 

Plate  SI,'  fig.  5. 

Ophioconis  oincta  BROCK  ('88),  p.  480.— K<EHLER  ('05),  p.  14,  pi.  2,  figs.  2, 

3.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  218. 
Ophiurodon  cfoictus  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  84:   ('17),  p.  315. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5147;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Siasi;  Sulade  Island  (E.)  bearing  N.  3°  E.,  15.57  kilo- 
meters (8.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  41'  40"  N.,  long.  120°  47'  10"  E.) ; 
38  meters  (21  fathoms)  ;  February  16,  1908 ;  co.  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen. 

Notes. — This  species  was  described  by  Brock  in  1888,  and  two 
specimens  were  collected  by  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago, 
near  Timor,  at  depths  between  27  and  54  meters  (15  to  30  fathoms). 

In  1905  I  recorded  a  slight  difference  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
tentacle  scales  on  the  first  pores  in  the  Siboga  specimens  and  in 
Brock's  type.  In  the  Philippine  individual  the  pores  of  the  first 
pair  show  four  and  even  five  scales  of  medium  size,  as  Brock  has 
described ;  the  pores  of  the  second  pair  have  generally  three  of  them. 


352  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

and  on  those  of  the  third  pair  the  large  single  scale  is  usually  seen 
which  is  continued  on  the  following  pores.  This  scale,  however,  is 
sometimes  accompanied  by  a  second  smaller  scale.  I  do  not  find 
on  the  Albatross  specimen  the  infradental  papilla  described  by 
-Brock,  but  instead  a  small  group  of  two  or  three  papillae  quite  iden- 
tical with  those  in  the  Siboga  specimens. 

In  order  to  permit  comparisons  between  the  genera  Ophioconis, 
in  the  restricted  sense,  and  Ophiurodon,  I  include  a  photograph  of 
the  ventral  surface  of  an  Ophioconis  forbesi  which  I  collected  at 
La  Ciotat  (pi.  81,  fig.  1). 

OPHIURODON  PERMIXTUS  (Koehler). 

Ophioconis  permixta  KCEHLEE  ('05),  p.  14,  pi.  2,  figs.  4,  7. 
Ophiurodon   permixtus   MATSUMOTO    ('15),   p.   84.— H.   L.   CLARK    ('15),   p. 
219.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  315. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5400;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui 
Island  Light  bearing  N.  77°  W.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  11°  24'  24"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  30"  E.)  ;  45  meters  (25  fath- 
oms) ;  March  16,  1909 ;  S.,  Sh. 

A  single  specimen. 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  6  mm.  The  specimen  is  un- 
fortunately in  rather  bad  condition.  The  arms  are  broken  off  near 
the  base,  and  the  disk  is  somewhat  damaged,  especially  on  the  dorsal 
surface.  The  identification  is,  nevertheless,  certain,  and  it  may  be 
stated  that  the  specimen  agrees  well  with  the  type  which  the  Siboga 
dredged  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  between  75  and  94  meters  (41 
and  52  fathoms). 

Family  OPHIOLEPIDIDAE. 

Re7nar1cs. — Before  describing  the  species  which  belong  to  the  fam- 
ily Ophiolepididae  it  seems  to  me  well  to  consider  the  character 
on  which  Matsumoto  has  divided  it;  that  is,  the  position  of  the 
mouth  tentacle  pores  of  the  second  pair,  and  to  add  a  few  remarks 
on  the  manner  of  occurrence  of  these  pores  in  the  genus  Ophiura, 
as  well  as  in  those  genera  which  have  been  split  off  from  it  by  Mat- 
sumoto and  by  H.  L.  Clark,  as  I  mentioned  at  the  beginning  of  this 
memoir. 

The  family  Ophiolepididae  was  divided  by  Matsumoto  into  two 
subfamilies  according  to  whether  "the  mouth  tentacle  pores  of  the 
second  pair  opened  entirely  into  the  mouth  slits  (Ophiolepidinae) 
or  whether  they  opened  more  or  less  completely  outside  of  these 
slits  (Ophiomastinae).  This  latter  subfamily  includes,  among  oth- 
ers, the  genera  Ophiomastus,  Ophiotypa,  O  phwmisidium,  OpJiio- 
phycis,  etc.,  as  well  as  the  genera  Ophiura,  Amphiophiura,  Stego- 
phiura,  etc. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     353 

It  is  indisputable  that  only  the  genera  included  in  Matsumoto's 
subfamily  Ophiolepidinae — that  is,  the  genera  Ophiomisidiwn, 
Ophiolepis,  Ophiozona,  etc. — possess  mouth  pores  opening  into  the 
mouth  slits  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  word,  and  these  pores,  situated 
more  or  less  deeply,  are  not  visible  externally  when  the  ophiuran 
is  viewed  on  the  ventral  surface.  But  this  is  not  the  case  in  the 
subfamily  Ophiomastinae  in  the  different  representatives  of  which 
these  pores,  whatever  may  be  their  external  appearance  and  how- 
ever near  they  may  approach  the  mouth  slits,  never,  strictly  speak- 
ing, open  into  the  mouth.  Let  us  consider  the  ventral  surface  of 
forms  such  as  Stegophiura  stereo,  (pi.  83,  fig.  2) ,  S.  sladeni  (pi.  83, 
fig.  4),  S.  sterilis  (pi.  83,  fig.  9),  Ophiura  sarsii  (pi.  84,  figs.  10,  11), 
O.  ftagellata  (pi.  86,  figs.  1,  2),  in  order  to  take  as  illustrations  only 
species  of  which  photographs  are  included  here,  and  we  shall  see 
that  these  pores  are  always  very  much  developed,  that  they  are  more 
or  less  elongated,  and  that  they  very  often  have  their  proximal  ex- 
tremity broadened;  certain  of  them  appear  to  open  entirely  into 
the  mouth  slits,  and  others,  which  are  somewhat  more  distant  from 
it,  appear  not  to  open  into  it.  Actually  these  pores  do  not  really 
open  into  the  mouth,  and  if  we  believe  that  we  see  them  opening 
thus  this  is  due  to  a  superficial  appearance.  The  opening  of  these 
pores  is  on  the  same  plane  as  the  ventral  surface  of  the  correspond- 
ing oral  plates — that  is,  on  a  plane  slightly  lower  than  that  of  the 
mouth  slit — and  it  is  always  separated  from  the  latter  by  an  inter- 
val, very  slight,  it  is  true,  though  actually  existing.  Furthermore, 
a  careful  examination  often  permits  the  determination  of  the  pres- 
ence of  one  or  two  mouth  papillae  which  affirm,  in  a  way,  this  sepa- 
ration; in  default  of  mouth  papillae,  the  border  of  the  oral  plate 
itself  forms  a  sort  of  ceiling  to  the  tentacle  pore  and  separates  it 
from  the  mouth. 

In  the  species  which  I  have  just  mentioned  and  in  many  others, 
the  mouth  pores  in  reality  open  like  the  following  pores  on  the  ven- 
tral surface  of  the  arms,  and  it  is  not  correct  to  say  that  these  pores 
open  into  the  mouth  slits;  it  is  preferable  to  say  that  these  pores, 
which  are  elongated  and  much  developed,  often  broadened  and  even 
gaping  from  the  side  of  the  mouth  slits,  have  their  proximal  ex- 
tremity rather  close  to  these  slits  and  thus  appear  to  open  into  them. 

If  the  arrangement  of  these  pores  be  compared  with  that  which  is 
noticed  in  species  such  as  Ophiura  imbecillis,  H  omalophiura,  in- 
omata,  II.  nana,  Amphiophiura  undata,  A.  abcissa,  etc.,  a  consider- 
able difference  will  be  found.  In  these  latter  species  the  pores  are 
small,  narrow,  always  distant  from  the  mouth  slits,  and  their  proxi- 
mal end  is  closed  like  their  distal.  In  speaking  of  these  pores  we 
say — H.  L.  Clark  and  myself — that  they  do  not  open  into  the  mouth  ; 
that  is  not  sufficient  to  distinguish  them  from  the  pores  of  species 
55269— 22— Bull.  100 23 


354  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

such  8.  stereo,,  S.  sladeni,  etc.;  it  is  better  to  say  that  their  proxi- 
mal extremity  is  closed,  and  that  they  are  some  distance  from  the 
mouth  slit. 

Whatever  may  be  the  conditions  and  the  development  of  the  mouth 
pores,  they  never  open  into  the  mouth  in  the  different  species  of  the 
genus  Ophiura,  taken  in  the  broader  sense.  But  it  is  evident  that  be- 
tween the  mouth  pores  of  species  like  those  of  the  first  group  which 
I  have  cited  above  (S.  sterea,  S.  sladeni,  etc.)  and  those  of  the  second 
group  which  I  have  just  mentioned  (A.  abcissa,  O.  imbecillis,  etc.) 
there  are  considerable  differences,  and  these  may  furnish  us  with 
good  characters  for  the  differentiation  of  the  species ;  but  these  dif- 
ferences must  be  stated  in  precise  and  correct  terms.  Thus  not  only 
will  serious  errors  be  avoided,  but  also  differences  of  opinion  and  un- 
certainties in  interpretation  such  as  have  sometimes  occurred. 

For  example,  H.  L.  Clark,  in  drawing  up  the  key  of  the  species  of 
Ophiura  belonging  to  the  variabilis  group  ('09,  p.  295),  observed 
that  I  placed  0.  insolita  among  the  species  in  which  the  mouth  pores 
open  into  the  mouth,  but  that  that  is  in  contradiction  with  my  figure 
of  O.  insolita.  In  reality  my  figure  is  slightly  schematic,  and  as  for 
the  text  to  be  correct  I  would  have  to  say,  as  I  have  advocated  above, 
that  the  mouth  pores  are  elongated,  gaping  at  their  proximal  ex- 
tremity, and  very  close  to  the  mouth  slit.  I  include  a  photograph  of 
the  ventral  surface  of  0.  (Amphiophiura)  insolita  in  which  the  exact 
relations  of  the  tentacle  pores  to  the  mouth  slits  may  be  seen  (pi.  84, 
fig.  9). 

In  his  descriptions  H.  L.  Clark  has  also  used  the  incorrect  expres 
sion  "  the  mouth  pores  open  (or  do  not  open)  into  the  mouth  slits." 
In  different  species  described  by  him  in  1911,  for  instance  in  0.  lep- 
toctenia  ('11,  pp.  51-52),  O.  quadmspina  (p.  56),  O.  monostoecha 
(p.  66),  O.  megapoma  (pp.  79  and  80),  O.  penichra  (pp.  84,  85). 
O.  actacta  (p.  86),  etc.,  he  says  that  the  mouth  pores  open  into 
the  mouth ;  this  statement  is  evidently  inaccurate,  and  in  these  species 
the  mouth  pores  do  not  open  into  the  mouth  slits  any  more  than  they 
do  in  S.  sterea  and  S.  sladeni  or  in  A.  insolita. 

In  speaking  of  the  first  two  species  H.  L.  Clark  declares  that  the 
mouth  pores  do  not  open  into  the  mouth,  and  yet  they  have  as  great 
a  development  as  in  the  species  described  by  him  which  I  have  just 
named.  I  may  even  add  that  in  studying  different  specimens  of 
8.  sterea  and  of  S.  sladeni  the  impression  is  often  given  that  these 
pores  really  open  into  the  mouth  slits,  as  may  be  seen  in  some  of  my 
photographs  (pi.  83,  figs.  2,  4;  pi.  84,  fig.  1).  The  appearance  of  the 
ophiuran  which  makes  us  say  sometimes  that  the  pores  open  and 
sometimes  that  they  do  not  open  into  the  mouth  often  has  to  do  with 
the  state  of  contraction  or  of  relaxation  of  these  pores  when  the 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     355 

animal  is  plunged  into  alcohol,  and  also  without  doubt  to  the  action 
of  the  preserving  liquid  itself. 

I  believe  that  in  saying  of  the  mouth  pores  that  they  are  very  close 
to  or  distant  from  the  mouth  slits  and  that  they  are  developed  cmd 
elongated  from  the  side  of  these  slits  or,  on  the  other  hand,  that  they 
are  small,  narrow,  short,  and  distant  from  the  slits  we  express  condi- 
tions corresponding  to  valid  characters  which  are  very  useful  to  em- 
ploy in  classification,  and  not  to  modifications  caused  by  the  action 
of  reagents  or  the  reactions  which  result  from  them  in  the  ophiuran, 
or  which  are  perhaps  dependent  on  the  age  and  on  the  size  of  the 
subject. 

OPHIOPYRGUS  PLANULATUS,  new  specie*. 

Plate  81,  figs.  3,  4. 

Locality.— Albatross  station  5613;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Buk*» 
Buka  Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  28° ;  7.41  kilometers  (4  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  42'  00"  S.,  long.  121°  44'  00"  E.) ;  1,375  meters  (752 
fathoms) ;  November  20, 1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40928,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  4.4  mm.;  the  arms  are 
22  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rather  thick;  the  two  surfaces,  the  dorsal  and  the 
ventral,  are  slightly  convex,  but  the  dorsal  is  not  at  all  elevated; 
it  is  entirely  covered  by  six  large  plates,  a  dorso-central  and  five 
primary  radials,  without  the  least  trace  either  of  intercalated  plates 
or  of  radial  shields.  The  dorso-central,  which  is  of  very  large  size, 
is  pentagonal,  with  straight  sides;  it  covers  almost  half  of  the  ex- 
panse of  the  disk.  The  radial  plates,  which  are  also  very  large,  are 
trapezoidal,  broadened  transversely,  about  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
with  a  straight  proximal  side,  straight  and  divergent  lateral  bor- 
ders, and  a  rounded  distal  border  forming  the  boundary  of  the 
periphery  of  the  disk;  this  distal  border  is  swollen  in  its  central 
region  into  a  rounded  lobe  the  width  of  which  equals  that  of  the 
corresponding  arm,  and  which  forms  a  slight  prominence  above  the 
surface  of  the  disk.  The  radial  papillae  are  scarcely  evident,  and. 
in  fact,  I  only  distinguish  them  at  the  base  of  two  arms,  and  only 
when  the  animal  is  viewed  from  the  side  or  from  the  ventral  sur- 
face; they  are  extremely  small,  conical,  and  only  three  or  four  in 
number. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  in  very 
large  part  covered  exclusively  by  the  mouth  shields,  these  being 
very  greatly  developed,  and  there  is  not  the  least  trace  of  plates 
other  than  the  mouth  pieces.  The  mouth  shields  are  triangular,  a 
little  broader  than  long,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  and  a 
very  convex  distal  border  forming  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  the 


356  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

middle  of  which  is  continued  into  a  small  prolongation  ending  in 
an  obtuse  angle  which  reaches  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  between 
the  radial  plates.  The  lateral  borders  of  these  shields  are  divided 
into  two  sides — one,  which  is  proximal  and  straight,  is  very  short: 
the  other,  which  is  elongated,  is  slightly  concave.  The  genital  slits 
are  scarcely  distinguishable,  and  they  extend  along  about  a  third 
of  the  length  of  the  corresponding  shield.  The  adoral  plates  are 
much  developed,  thick,  with  the  parallel  borders  slightly  incurved; 
they  are  rather  short,  but  very  broad;  their  surface  is  slightly  con- 
vex. The  oral  plates  are  small  and  triangular.  The  mouth  papillae 
are  not  very  distinct ;  I  can  make  out,  however,  on  either  side  three 
low  rectangular  papillae  which  are  very  much  broader  than  high, 
and  one  unpaired  terminal  papilla,  which  is  rather  short  and 
broadened. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  extremely  small  and  very  short,  in 
the  form  of  a  very  depressed  arc  of  a  circle.  The  following  are 
larger,  though  always  remaining  of  small  size  and  widely  sepa- 
rated; they  are  triangular,  broader  than  long,  with  a  very  obtuse 
proximal  angle,  straight  sides,  and  a  very  slightly  convex  distal  bor- 
der. They  extend  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  arms,  though  becoming 
extremely  small  terminally. 

The  under  arm  plates  are  more  developed  than  the  upper;  their 
size  diminishes  progressively  from  the  first  outward.  This  is  rather 
large,  pentagonal,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  an  obtuse  and 
slightly  rounded  proximal  angle,  sides  strongly  excavated  by  the 
corresponding  tentacle  pores,  and  a  slightly  convex  distal  border. 
The  four  following  plates  have  a  similar  form,  but  their  dimensions 
progressively  decrease  and  their  sides  are  less  strongly  notched  by 
the  tentacle  pores ;  they  are  widely  separated.  Beyond  the  fifth  seg- 
ment the  tentacle  pores  disappear  and  the  plates  are  quite  rudimen- 
tary; from  this  point  they  disappear  rapidly. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  very  large  and  elongated,  are 
broadened  and  projecting  in  their  distal  portion,  which  carries  two 
extremely  small  and  rather  separated  arm  spines  situated  toward 
the  middle  of  their  height. 

There  are  four  pairs  of  tentacle  pores  which  are  rather  large, 
especially  those  of  the  two  or  three  first  pairs.  On  the  pores  of  the 
first  pair  there  may  be  distinguished  one  or  two  scales  on  each 
border;  the  pores  of  the  second  pair  usually  still  have  one  scale  on 
either  side,  but  the  following  are  without  them. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  a  rather  dark  brownish 
yellow. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — I  believe  it  necessary  to  refer1 
this  species  to  the  genus  Ophiopyrgus  rather  than  to  the  genus 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     357 

Ophiomastus  because  of  the  development  of  the  tentacle  pores  and 
the  large  size  of  the  mouth  shields  which  cover  the  whole  ventral 
surface  of  the  disk;  but  the  rudimentary  state  of  the  radial  comb 
and  the  low  form  of  the  disk  separate  it  from  the  majority  of  the 
species  of  the  former  genus.  But  the  radial  papillae,  slightly  devel- 
oped though  they  are,  nevertheless  occur,  and  the  same  low  form  of 
the  disk  is  found  in  O.  depressus  which  the  Siboga,  dredged  in  4°  S. 
latitude  and  118°  E.  longitude  in  2,029  meters  (1,110  fathoms).  The 
new  species  is  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  having  the  plates  of 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  reduced  to  the  primary  rosette,  and 
by  having  only  two  arm  spines. 

AMPHIOPHIURA   CANALICULATA,   new   species. 

Plate  82,  figs.  10-12. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5356;  North  Balabac  Strait;  Balabac 
Light  bearing  S.  64°  W.,  28.72  kilometers  (15.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
8°  06'  40"  N.,  long.  117°  18'  45"  E.) ;  106  meters  (58  fathoms) ; 
Januarys,  1909;  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  41341,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  almost  entire,  one  of  the  arms  only 
being  broken  off  near  the  base.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  8  mm. ; 
the  arms  are  16  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rather  thick,  with  the  two  surfaces  slightly  convex; 
the  arms  are  rather  slender,  almost  as  high  as  broad,  and  they  taper 
rather  slowly  to  the  tip,  which  is  pointed. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rather  large  plates 
which  are  few  in  number.  The  central  rosette  covers  almost  half 
the  width  of  that  surface ;  the  dorso -central  plate  is  large  and  pen- 
tagonal; the  five  primary  radials  have  almost  the  same  dimensions, 
but  they  are  somewhat  unequal;  they  are  broadened  transversely 
and  their  distal  border  is  strongly  convex.  Following  each  one  of 
them  there  is  in  the  radial  space  a  single  very  much  smaller  and 
especially  shorter  plate  which  is  trapezoidal  with  the  distal  border 
broadened  and  strongly  convex,  and  which  separates  the  two  radial 
shields  of  each  pair  in  their  proximal  region.  The  interradial  spaces 
are  each  occupied  by  a  series  of  three  plates,  the  first  very  large  and 
the  second  smaller ;  the  third,  which  is  very  much  broader,  occupies 
the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  even  passes  over  onto  the  ventral  sur- 
face. On  either  side  of  the  last  three  are  to  be  seen  two  very  much 
smaller  plates  situated  outside  the  radial  shield  and  also  on  the 
periphery  of  the  disk.  The  radial  shields  are  markedly  smaller  than 
the  six  primary  plates;  they  are  irregularly  quadrangular,  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  strongly  divergent,  and  in  contact  for  about  a  third 
of  their  length.  The  radial  papillae  are  large,  elongated,  cylindrical, 
and  tapering  to  the  slightly  rounded  extremity. 


358  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  ventral  surf  ace  of  the  disk  between  the  radial  shields  and 
the  peripheral  plate  which  I  have  noticed  above  is  only  occupied  by 
a  transverse  row  of  three  very  small  plates,  the  median  smaller  than 
the  two  others.  The  genital  plate  covers  only  a  very  restricted  por- 
tion of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk;  it  carries  a  few  small  and 
low  papillae  which  become  elongated  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk. 
The  genital  slits  are  very  narrow,  but  very  elongated,  and  they  ex- 
tend to  the  vicinity  of  the  proximal  angle  of  the  mouth  shields. 

The  mouth  shields  are  very  large,  elongated,  at  least  half  again 
as  long  as  broad,  and  pyriform,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and 
a  very  convex  distal  border.  The  adoral  plates  are  very  small  and 
narrow.  The  oral  plates  are  more  developed  than  those  preceding 
and  broader,  with  the  borders  straight  and  parallel.  The  lateral 
mouth  papillae  are  generally  only  three  in  number;  they  are  small, 
low,  and  rectangular,  the  outermost  very  much  broader  than  the 
others.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  stouter  than  those  on  either 
side,  though  it  is  not  very  much  developed. 

The  upper  arm  plates  are  lozenge-shaped  and  of  medium  size.  The 
first  is  a  little  broader  than  long  with  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded 
proximal  angle.  The  following  are  almost  as  broad  as  long  or  a 
little  broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal  angle  sharper  than  the 
distal  angle,  and  the  two  proximal  sides  longer  than  the  two  others 
which  are  united  over  a  very  obtuse  angle.  These  plates  are  sepa- 
rated from  the  second  outward  by  a  small  interval  which,  in  the  distal 
half  of  the  arms,  becomes  almost  as  long  as  the  plates  themselves. 

The  first  underarm  plate  is  triangular,  almost  as  broad  as  long, 
with  the  angles  and  the  sides  equal.  The  following  are  much  de- 
veloped, trapezoidal,  with  a  very  narrow  proximal  side  and  an  ex- 
tremely broad  distal  side ;  the  lateral  borders  are  very  divergent.  At 
some  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms  these  plates  become  pen- 
tagonal, the  proximal  border  being  replaced  by-  two  small  sides, 
making  with  each  other  a  very  obtuse  angle ;  the  plates  then  become  a 
little  longer  than  broad  with  a  rather  narrow  and  slightly  convex 
distal  border.  They  are  separated  beyond  the  disk  by  an  interval 
which  progressively  elongates.  These  plates  show  throughout  their 
whole  length  a  median  depression  in  the  form  of  a  rather  broad 
groove  with  parallel  borders,  and  the  succession  of  these  depressions, 
supplemented  by  corresponding  depressions  on  the  side  arm  plates 
when  the  ventral  plates  become  separated,  form  a  very  clearly 
marked  furrow  which  is  of  considerable  depth  on  the  four  or  five 
first  plates;  beyond  this  the  depth  gradually  diminishes,  but  the 
groove  persists  to  the  tip  of  the  arms.  This  groove  is  only  slightly 
marked  and  not  very  deep  on  the  first  under  arm  plate,  but  it  is 
abruptly  excavated  on  the  second,  on  which  it  reaches  its  maximum 

depth. 

w 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     359 

The  side  arm  plates  are  fairly  well  developed,  but  only  slightly  pro- 
jecting; they  carry  on  their  distal  border  three  small  spines  which  are 
equally  spaced  and.  closer  to  the  ventral  than  to  the  dorsal  side. 

The  tentacle  pores  are  very  large  and  much  developed  through 
almost  the  whole  length  of  the  arms.  The  pores  of  the  first  pair-are 
somewhat  separated  from  the  mouth  slits,  and  they  have,  like  the  two 
following,  four  or  five  scales  on  each  border ;  the  pores  of  the  fourth, 
fifth,  and  sixth  pairs  have  three  scales  on  each  border ;  the  number  of 
the  scales  then  diminishes  little  by  little,  first  on  the  distal  border  then 
on  the  proximal  border ;  they  finally  are  reduced  to  a  single  scale  in 
the  last  third  of  the  arms. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — AmphiopMura  canaliculata 
belongs  to  the  group  of  species  of  AmphiopJiiura  in  which  the  under 
arm  plates  become  longer  than  broad,  and  it  recalls  A .  solida  (Lyman) , 
A.  convexa  (Lyman),  etc.,  in  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates 
of  the  disk.  It  differs  from  them  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields, 
and  especially  in  the  longitudinal  groove  which  exists  throughout  the 
whole  length  of  the  median  ventral  line  of  the  arms  and  which  I  do 
not  know  in  any  other  species.  It  is  exactly  the  opposite-  arrangement 
from  that  shown  by  Stegophiura  elevata  (Lyman),  S.  macrarthra 
(H.  L.  Clark) ,  and  S.  sterea  (H.  L.  Clark) ,  in  which  an  elongated 
prominence  extends  along  the  middle  of  the  under  arm  plates.  In  the 
form  of  the  arms,  which  are  rather  slender  at  the  base  and  which  dc 
not  taper  rapidly,  this  species  falls  well  within  Matsumoto's  genus 
Amphiophiura,  and  not  in  the  genus  Stegophiura. 

AMPHIOPHIURA  FASTIGIATA.  new  species. 

Plate  82,  figs.  1-4. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5259;  off  northwestern  Panay;  Caluya 
Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  73°  W.,  19.84  kilometers  (12  miles)  distant 
(lat.  11°  57'  30"  K,  long.  121°  42'  15"  E.) ;  571  meters  (312  fath- 
oms) ;  June  3,  1908 ;  gy.  M.,  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41344,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  in  very  good  condition,  but  the  arms 
are  all  broken  off  at  some  distance  from  the  base ;  one  of  them  is  pre- 
served for  a  length  of  44  mm.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  16  mm. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  and  very  thick  The  dorsal  surface  is  plane, 
the  ventral  a  little  convex.  The  arms  are  rounded:  their  sides  are 
vertical,  but  directed  obliquely  inward.  The  habitus  of  the  animal  is 
very  robust. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  in  its  central  region  shows  only  a  very 
small  number  of  plates  of  small  diameter,  while  the  peripheral  part 
is  occupied  by  the  radial  shields,  which  are  very  large,  between  which 


360  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

there  is  only  a  single  row  of  very  much  narrower  interradial  plates. 
The  central  rosette  is  irregular,  for  the  dorso-central  plate  is  replaced 
by  four  other  very  small  plates,  and  one  of  the  primary  radial  plates 
is  itself  divided  into  two.  These  radial  plates  are  rounded,  a  little 
broadened  transversely,  and  they  measure  about  2  mm.  in  width.  Out- 
side of  the  circle  which  they  form  there  is  another  circle  of  larger 
interradial  plates,  which  are  oval  and  radially  elongated,  and  separate 
the  proximal  angle  of  each  radial  shield  from  the  corresponding  angle 
of  the  shield  of  the  neighboring  pair.  Each  of  these  plates  is  fol- 
lowed by  another  a  little  larger,  usually  triangular  in  shape,  with  the 
base  very  close  to  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  Following  this  last  there 
is  a  large  plate  which  delimits  the  vertical  borders  of  the  disk  between 
the  genital  plates  in  each  interradial  space ;  a  very  small  part  of  this 
plate  is  seen  when  the  animal  is  viewed  from  above.  Between  this  last 
and  the  triangular  plate  which  precedes  it  there  is  on  either  side  a  very 
small  intercalated  plate ;  between  the  first  and  the  second  interradial 
plates  also  there  is  a  group  of  two  very  small  plates.  In  the  radial 
spaces,  between  the  primary  radial  plates  and  the  radial  shields,  there 
is  only  a  rather  constant  group  of  three  very  small  plates  of  which  the 
median,  triangular  in  shape,  separates  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair  at  their  proximal  extremity.  All  these  plates  are  projecting  and 
strongly  convex,  and  they  are  separated  from  each  other  by  rather 
deep  grooves ;  their  surface  is  perfectly  smooth  and  very  shiny.  The 
radial  shields  are  very  large  and  form  a  broad  peripheral  ring  which 
covers  a  large  part  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  These  shields  are 
elongated,  triangular,  with  the  borders  and  angles  very  rounded ;  they 
are  half  again  as  long  as  broad  and  are  in  contact  throughout  almost 
their  entire  length,  which,  reaching  on  the  average  4.5  mm.,  exceeds 
half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  Their  surface  is  very  convex  and  per- 
fectly smooth  like  that  of  the  other  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface.  The 
radial  papillae  are  cylindrical,  rather  short,  with  the  point  obtuse,  and 
very  close  to  each  other. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  includes 
only  a  small  number  of  plates.  Usually  two  paired  plates,  which  are 
rather  small  and  rounded,  suffice  to  cover  the  space  between  the  mouth 
shield,  the  genital  plates,  and  the  large  interradial  plate  which  limits 
the  sides  of  the  disk  and  encroaches  somewhat  on  the  ventral  surface. 
Sometimes  one  or  two  extremely  reduced  plates  are  found  at  each 
external  angle  of  the  mouth  shield.  The  genital  plates  are  of  medium 
size.  The  narrow  and  elongated  genital  slits  are  provided  along  their 
whole  interradial  border  with  a  range  of  low  and  obtuse  papillae. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  elongated,  and  their  distal  half  occu- 
pies the  whole  width  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  between  the 
genital  plates.  They  are  longer  than  broad  and  pentagonal  in  shape, 
with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  small  straight 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     361 

sides;  the  lateral  borders  are  convex  and  they  pass  over  by  very 
rounded  angles  to  the  distal  side  which  is  also  convex;  a  rather 
marked  notch  corresponding  to  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slits  sep- 
arates the  anterior  region  of  the  shield,  which  is  very  short,  from  the 
very  much  more  important  posterior  region.  The  adoral  plates  are 
rather  small  with  the  two  sides  parallel  and  twice  as  long  as  broad. 
The  oral  plates  are  broader  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  adoral  plates. 
The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  four  in  number;  they  are  small  and 
low ;  the  three  outermost  are  rectangular  and  the  last  is  a  little  more 
elongated  and  conical.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  conical  and 
a  little  stronger  than  those  on  either  side. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  a  little  broader  than 
long.  The  following  are  at  first  broader  than  long,  quadrangular, 
with  the  proximal  border  narrow  and  the  sides  diverging  and 
straight ;  the  distal  border  is  convex  or,  better,  is  formed  of  two  short 
sides  which  unite  over  an  obtuse  and  rounded  angle.  On  the  follow- 
ing plates  the  proximal  border  becomes  progressively  shorter  and  it- 
disappears  at  about  the  twelfth  plate ;  the  plates  then  become  triangu- 
lar, but  always  remain  a  little  broader  than  long;  they  are  at  first 
in  contact,  later  becoming  separated  by  a  narrow  interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  triangular,  a  little  broader 
than  long,  with  an  obtuse  and  somewhat  truncated  proximal  angle 
and  a  very  convex  distal  border.  The  second  is  rectangular  with  the 
proximal  border  a  little  narrower  than  the  rounded  distal  border. 
The  following  plates  are  pentagonal  with  a  slightly  obtuse  proximal 
angle  which  is  truncated  on  the  third  and  fourth  plates,  and  which 
is  bounded  by  two  concave  borders;  the  sides  are  straight  and  they 
unite  over  rounded  angles  to  form  the  distal  border,  which  is  also 
rounded.  Little  by  little  the  lateral  borders  disappear,  and  the 
plates  become  simply  triangular.  They  are  always  broader  than 
long,  and  beyond  the  disk  they  are  separated  by  an  increasingly 
elongated  interval. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  three  small  equal  papilliform  spines; 
the  dorsal  spine  is  separated  from  the  median  spine  by  a  space  which 
is  a  little  larger  than  that  separating  the  latter  from  the  ventral  spine. 

The  mouth  tentacle  pores  are  much  elongated  and  very  close  to  the 
mouth  slits ;  they  have  five  scales  on  each  of  their  borders.  The  fol- 
lowing pores  have  also  four  or  five  scales  on  each  border.  The  num- 
ber of  these  scales  progressively  diminishes  and  the  pores  of  the  sixth 
pair  have  two  or  three  proximal  scales  and  a  single  distal  scale. 
This  last  finally  disappears  and  there  remains  only  a  single  proximal 
scale. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphiophiura  fastigiata  is  re- 
lated to  A.  remota  and  A.  latro  (Kcehler)  collected  by  the  Siboga, 
and  to  A.  undata  (Lyman).  The  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates 


362  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 

of  the  disk  recalls  that  which  I  have  described  in  the  two  first  species, 
but  the  characters  of  the  ventral  surface,  the  upper  and  under  arm 
plates,  and  the  number  of  the  spines  are  entirely  different.  The  differ- 
ences which  separate  this  species  from  0 '.  undata  are  very  much  more 
marked;  in  this  species  the  radial  shields  are  not  larger  than  the 
plates  of  the  primary  rosette,  the  upper  arm  plates  and  the  mouth 
shields  have  a  different  shape,  the  arm  spines  are  four  in  number,  etc. 

AMPHIOPHIURA  IMPROBA   (Koehler). 

Plate  84,  figs.  4,  5. 

Ophioalypha  improba  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  48,  pi.  8,  figs.  4-6. 
Amphiophiura  improla  MATSUMOTO   ('15),  p.  77. — H.   L.  CLARK   ('15),  p. 
314.— MATSUMOTO   ('17),  p.  261. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5630;  south  of  Patiente  Strait: 
Doworra  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  56'  30"  S.,  long.  128°  05'  00"  E.)  ;  1,041  meters  (569 
fathoms) ;  December  2,  1909 ;  co.  S.,  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41138,  41139,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5631;  south  of  Patiente  Strait;  Doworra  Island 
(N.)  bearing  N.  58°  E.,  19.46  kilometers  (10.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  57'  00"  S.,  long.  127°  56'  00"  E.)  ;  1,479  meters  (809  fathoms)  ; 
December  2, 1909;  gn.  M.  (in  net). 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41137,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — These  specimens  are  quite  in  agreement  with  the  type 
which  was  discovered  by  the  Siboga  among  the  Sunda  Islands  (lat. 
5°  S.,  long.  127°  E.)  at  a  depth  of  1,595  meters  (873  fathoms). 

AMPHIOPHIURA  INSOLITA   (Koehler). 

Plate  84,  figs.  8,  9. 

Ophiofflypha  insolita  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  47,  pi.  7,  tigs.  4-6. — H.  L.  CLARK 

('08),  p.  295. 
Amphiophiura  insolita  MATSUMOTO   ('15),   p.   77. — H.   L.   CLARK    ('15),   p. 

315.— MATSUMOTO   ('17),  p.  261. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5268;  Verde  Island  Passage  and 
Batangas  Bay;  Matocot  Point  bearing  S.  50°  E.,  10.75  kilometers 
(5.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  42'  00"  N.5  long.  120°  57'  15"  E.) ;  311 
meters  (170  fathoms) ;  June  8,  1908;  S.,  P. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41116,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5289;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Matocot  Point  bearing  S.  42°  E.,  9.26  kilometers  (5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  41'  50"  N.,  long.  120°  58'  30"  E.) ;  256  meters  (140 
fathoms) ;  July  22, 1908;  brk.  Sh.,  S. 

Nine  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41113,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5297;  Matocot  Point  bearing  S.  50°  E.,  9.45  kilo- 
meters (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  41'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  58'  00"  E.)  ; 
362  meters  (198  fathoms)  ;  July  24,  1908;  M.,  S. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     363 

Eighteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41117,  41118,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5366;  Batangas  Bay,  Luzon;  Escarceo  Light 
bearing  S.  5°  E.,  14.27  kilometers  (7.7  miles)  distant  (lot.  13°  39' 
00"  N.,  long.  120°  58'  30"  E.) ;  439  meters  (240  fathoms) ;  Febru- 
ary 22.  1909. 

Twelve  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41115,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz  Point 
(Bohoi)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  231  meters  (127  fathoms) ; 
March  25,  1909. 

Twelve  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41172,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5476;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino 
Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay ;  San  Bernardino  Light  bearing  S.  37°  W., 
25.01  kilometers  (13.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  56'  24"  N.,  long.  124° 
25'  24"  E.) ;  494  meters  (270  fathoms) ;  June  24,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41114,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  4  mm.  and 
14  mm. 

In  the  grouping  which  he  gave  in  1908  of  the  species  of  OpMura 
belonging  to  the  variabilis  group,  H.  L.  Clark  remarked  that  0.  in- 
solita  also  belongs  to  this  group,  but  that  it  is  incorrect  to  say,  as  I 
have  just  done,  that  the  second  mouth  tentacle  pores  open  into  the 
mouth  slits.  I  have  considered  this  point  in  the  remarks  which  I 
have  made  above  regarding  the  arrangement  of  these  pores  in  the 
species  of  the  genera  Ophiura,  Amphiophiura,  etc.. 

AMPHIOPHIURA  PAUPERA  (Kcehler). 

Plate  84,  figs.  6,  7. 

Ophioglypha  paupera  KCEHLEB  ('96),  p.  200,  pi.  5,  figs.  11-13;  (J99),  p.  11. 
Amphiophiura  paupera  MATSUMOTO   ('15),  p.   77. — H.  L.   CLARK    ('15),  p. 
313. — MATSUMOTO    ('17),   p.   261. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5274;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  73°  30'  E.,  32.43 
kilometers  (17.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  57'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  03' 
25"  E.) ;  960  meters  (525  fathoms) ;  July  16,  1908;  gy.  M.,  S. 

A  single  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41143,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — This  species  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator  among 
the  Laccadive  Islands  and  on  the  Malabar  coast  at  depths  of  743 
and  1,289  meters  (406  and  705  fathoms). 

AMPHIOPHIURA  RADIATA    (Lyman). 

Ophioglypha  radiata  LYMAN  (77),  p.  89,  pi.  3,  figs.  65,  66;  ('82),  p.  64,  pi.  7, 
figs.  1-3.— KCEHLEB  ('96),  p.  300;  ('99),  p.  19;  ('04),  p.  55. 

Amphiophiura  radiata  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  78. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p. 
313. — MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  262. 

•"O^t  rfc  ) 


364  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5601°;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes; 
Limbe  Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.,  38.36  kilometers  (20.7  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  1°  13'  10"  N.,  long.  125°  17'  05"  E.) ;  1,399  meters  (765 
fathoms) ;  November  13,  1909;  S.,  Glob.,  Ptr. 

A  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41176,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm. 

The  Challenger  discovered  this  species  among  the  Philippine 
Islands  at  a  depth  of  1,920  meters  (1,050  fathoms),  and  the  Siboga 
met  with  it  at  neighboring  stations  between  1,158  and  2,053  meters 
(635  to  1,122  fathoms).  The  Investigator  also  dredged  it  at  Minicoy 
in  2,195  meters  (1,200  fathoms). 

AMPHIOPHIURA     SCULPTILIS     (Lyman). 

Synonym : 

Ophioglypha  variabilis  LYMAN. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Ophioglypha  sculptilis  KOEHLEB  ('14),  p.  24. 

Amphiophiura  sculptilis  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  77;  ('17),  p.  261.— H.  L.  CLARK 
CIS),  p.  313. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5639;  Molucca  Sea;  Cape  Pamali 
(Wowoni  Island)  (N.)  bearing  S.  77°  W.,  43.44  kilometers  (27 
miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  54'  50"  S.,  long.  123°  27'  20"  E.) ;  2,853  meters 
(1,560  fathoms) ;  December  13,  1909;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41152,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  between  11  mm.  and  12  mm. 
In  one  of  the  two  specimens  the  large  marginal  plate  which  delimits 
the  vertical  sides  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  replaced  by 
two  contiguous  plates;  in  the  other,  this  modification  occurs  in  four 
of  these  spaces,  so  that  only  a  single  interradius  shows  the  usual  ar- 
rangement. 

I  discussed  the  identity  of  this  species  with  O.  variabilis  as  well  as 
its  geographical  distribution  in  my  memoir  of  1914,  cited  above. 

AMPHIOPHIURA  SORDID  A   (Kcehler). 

Plate  84,  figs.  12,  13. 

Ophioglypha,  sordida  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  292,  pi.  5,  figs.  14,  15;  ('99),  p.  13, 

pi.  5,  figs.  39-41;    ('04),  p.  47. 

Amphiophiura  sordida   MATSUMOTO  ('15),   p.   77. — H.   L.   CLARK    ('15),   p. 

314.— MATSUMOTO   ('17),  p.  261. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5299;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon  (lat.  20°  05'  00"  N.,  long.  116°  05'  00"  E.)  ;  958 
meters  (524  fathoms)  ;  August  8,  1908. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40980,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5300;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon  (lat.  20°  31'  00"  N.,  long.  115°  49'  00"  E.)  ;  485  meters  (265 
fathoms) ;  August  8,  1908 ;  gy.  M.,  S. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     365 

One  hundred  and  fifteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40977,  40979,  41081, 
U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5551;  Jolo  Island  and  vicinity:  Jolo  Light  (E.) 
bearing  N.  60°  E.,  33.36  kilometers  (18  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  54' 
48"  N.,  long.  120°  44'  24"  E.) ;  353  meters  (193  fathoms) ;  Septem- 
ber 17,  1909 ;  f ne.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40982,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5585;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity;  Sipedan 
Island  (M.)  bearing  S.  89°  W.,  19.84  kilometers  (12  miles)  distant 
(lat.  4°  07'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  49'  54"  E.) ;  870  meters  (476  fathoms) ; 
September  28,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40984,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5619;  Molucca  Passage;  March  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  78°  E.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  14'  40"  E.) ;  796  meters  (435  fathoms) ;  November  27, 
1909 ;  f  ne.  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat,  No.  40981,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms) ;  December  16, 
1909  ;gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40976,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Buginkali  Point 
bearing  S.  67°  T.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  43' 
50"  S.,  long.  121°  23'  24"  E.) ;  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms) ;  De- 
cember 17,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40983,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5652;  Gulf  of  Boni;  Lamulu  bearing  S.  36°  E., 
13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  35'  00"  S.,  long.  121° 
23'  06"  E.) ;  959  meters  (525  fathoms)  ;  December  17,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40978  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Amphiophiura  sordida  was  discovered  by  the  Investigator 
among  the  Andaman  Islands  in  1,026  meters  (561  fathoms) ;  the 
Siboga  found  it  again  in  different  localities  among  the  Sunda  Islands 
at  depths  varying  from  411  to  959  meters  (226  to  525  fathoms). 

AMPHIOPHIURA  SPATULJFERA,  new  species. 

Plate  82,  figs.  5-S,   13. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5274;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  73°  30'  E., 
32.43  kilometers  (17.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  57'  30"  N.,  long.  120° 
03'  25"  E.)  ;  959  meters  (525  fathoms)  ;  July  16,  1908;  gy.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41074,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5425;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  14°  E.,  7.41  kilometers  (4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  45"  N., 


366  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

long.  121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  905  meters  (495  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909; 
gy.  M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41075,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  from  station  5274  is  the  larger,  and 
the  diameter  of  its  disk  reaches  9  mm.;  in  the  other  this  diameter 
does  not  exceed  6  mm.  The  arms  are  incomplete;  the  longest  are 
preserved  over  a  length  of  from  12  mm.  to  14  mm.,  and  they  scarcely 
could  have  much  exceeded  this  length. 

These  two  specimens  show  a  slightly  different  arrangement  of  the 
plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  .which  appears  solely  due 
to  a  difference  in  age.  I  shall  consider  them  individually,  designat- 
ing the  one  from  station  5245  by  the  letter  A  and  that  from  station 
5274  by  the  letter  B. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  thick,  with  both  the  dorsal  and  the  ventral 
surfaces  a  little  convex.  In  A,  in  which  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  disk  are  less  numerous  than  in  the  other,  they  are  very  large, 
and  in  the  very  narrow  intervals  which  they  leave  between  them 
there  are  intercalated  a  few  small  plates.  The  plates  of  the  primary 
rosette  are  very  large,  and  they  cover  almost  half  of  the  surface  of 
the  disk.  The  dorso-central  is  pentagonal  and  in  contact  for  the 
whole  extent  of  its  margin  with  the  primary  radials,  which  are 
quadrangular,  with  a  strongly  convex  distal  border,  and  a  little 
broader  than  long.  These  five  radial  plates  are  also  in  contact  with 
each  other.  In  the  interradial  spaces  there  are  three  large  successive 
plates,  the  first  rounded,  and  the  second  quadrangular  and  almost 
as  long  as  broad;  the  third,  which  is  also  quadrangular,  is  found  at 
the  periphery  of  the  disk  of  which  it  delimits  the  vertical  face,  and 
only  its  very  narrow  border  is  visible  when  the  animal  is  viewed  from 
above.  In  the  radial  spaces  there  is  found  only  a  small  plate  which 
is  broader  than  long  and  triangular  in  shape  with  the  angles  rounded. 
This  plate  separates  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  for  a  small 
part  of  their  length  at  their  proximal  extremities.  A  few  other 
very  small  rounded  plates  also  appear  here  and  there,  especially 
toward  the  distal  border  of  the  five  primary  radials.  The  radial 
shields  are  not  larger  than  these  latter ;  they  are  triangular  with  the 
proximal  angle  very  obtuse  and  rounded,  or  sometimes  irregularly 
quadrangular,  and  almost  as  long  as  broad;  their  length  exceeds  a 
third  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  in 
contact  throughout  the  greater  part  of  their  length.  The  radial 
papillae  are  rather  long,  somewhat  flattened  and  broadened,  and 
broadening  especially  in  their  distal  half,  in  such  a  way  as  to  assume 
a  more  or  less  spatulate  form ;  these  papillae  are  very  close  together. 

In  specimen  B  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  more 
numerous  and  the  large  plates  are  relatively  smaller  than  in  A.  The 
six  primary  plates  are  of  the  same  size  and  their  shape  is  rounded; 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      367 

the  five  radials  touch  the  dorso  central  only  by  a  rounded  proximal 
angle;  furthermore,  they  are  separated  from  each  other  for  their 
entire  length  by  three  or  four  small  plates  which  do  not  occur  in  A. 
The  two  large  interradial  plates  are  smaller,  but  the  third  plate, 
which  lies  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  extends  much  farther  over  the 
dorsal  surface  than  in  A.  The  radial  shields  are  triangular  andr  in 
contact  only  for  a  little  more  than  half  of  their  length.  The  radial 
papillae  are  more  developed  than  in  the  first  specimen,  and  their 
spatula  te  form  is  still  more  pronounced. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  almost  entirely  occupied  by  the 
mouth  shields,  which  are  extremely  large.  In  A,  beyond  each  shield, 
there  is  the  lower  part  of  the  vertical  interradial  plate  which  I  have 
noticed  above,  and  which  covers  only  an  extremely  narrow  portion  of 
this  surface.  The  remainder  is  occupied  on  either  side  by  a  rather 
large  triangular  genital  plate  which  disappears  toward  the  middle 
of  the  length  of  the  mouth  shield  and  which  carries  on  its  free  border 
broad  and  obtuse  papillae  which  are  relatively  large  and  few  in  num- 
ber. In  B  the  mouth  shields  are  still  larger  and  the  vertical  inter- 
radial plate  is  not  visible  on  the  ventral  surface ;  these  shields  cover 
the  whole  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces,  and 
the  genital  plates  are  themselves  very  much  smaller  than  in  A. 

As  I  have  just  said,  the  mouth  shields  are  very  large,  and  they 
occupy  the  whole  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  except  for  the  more  or 
less  reduced  portion  occupied  by  the  genital  plate.  They  are  pentag- 
onal in  form  with  a  very  rounded  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
small  excavated  sides;  this  excavation  corresponds  to  the  proximal 
end  of  the  genital  slit ;  the  sides  are  rounded  and  they  pass  over  by 
a  very  rounded  edge  to  the  straight  distal  border.  In  A  these  shields 
are  almost  as  long  as  broad;  in  B  they  are  a  little  broader  than  long 
and  the  proximal  angle  is  replaced  by  a  rounded  border.  The  adoral 
plates  are  narrow  and  elongated,  with  a  rather  sinuous  outline ;  they 
are  a  little  broader  inwardly  than  outwardly.  The  oral  plates  are 
large,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  borders  parallel.  The  mouth 
papillae  are  six  or  seven  in  number  on  either  side  in  A,  but  their  out- 
lines are  not  very  distinct;  the  external  papilla  is  low  and  broadened; 
the  following  are  rounded.  In  B  the  papillae  are  a  little  larger,  and 
I  can  only  count  four  of  them;  the  outermost  is  rounded.  The  un- 
paired terminal  papilla  is  conical,  and  a  little  larger  than  those  on 
either  side. 

The  arms  are  of  medium  width,  but  the  segments  of  which  they  are 
composed  become  very  much  elongated  beyond  the  disk. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  trapezoidal,  very  much 
broader  than  long,  with  the  distal  border  convex.  The  second  is  tri- 
angular, as  broad  as  long,  with  the  angles  sharp  and  the  distal  border 
convex.  Farther  out,  the  plates  are  separated  by  an  interval  which 


368  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

becomes  promptly  very  long,  and  they  remain  a  little  broader  than 
long  and  triangular  in  shape. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  large,  triangular,  and  as  broad  as  long. 
The  two  or  three  following  plates  are  quadrangular  with  the  proxi- 
mal border  narrow,  the  distal  border  very  broadened  and  convex, 
and  the  sides  strongly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores.  Beyond  the 
plates  become  progressively  elongated  and  pentagonal  with  an  obtuse 
proximal  angle  bounded  by  two  short  straight  sides,  two  lateral 
borders  strongly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores,  and  a  very  broad 
and  very  convex  distal  side  which  is  often  resolved  into  two  short 
sides  united  by  an  obtuse  angle.  Beyond  the  disk  these  plates  are 
separated  and  the  interval  between  them  soon  becomes  very  long. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  much  elongated.  They  carry  only  three 
small  papilliform  spines  which  are  very  short  and  rather  widely 
separated  from  each  other;  one  of  the  spines  is  situated  toward  the 
middle  of  the  distal  border,  and  the  two  others  occur  respectively  in 
the  vicinity  of  each  angle,  the  dorsal  and  the  ventral,  of  the  plates. 

The  tentacle  pores  of  the  three  or  four  first  pairs  are  very  large. 
Those  of  the  first  pair  are  widely  open  at  their  proximal  end,  which 
is  very  close  to  the  corresponding  mouth  slit ;  they  usually  show  on 
either  side  four  large  scales,  and  sometimes  five.  The  pores  of  the 
second  pair  bear  four  scales  outwardly,  and  three  or  four  inwardly ; 
the  pores  of  the  third  pair  have  usually  three  scales  on  each  border, 
and  those  of  the  fourth  pair  two  only ;  then  the  number  of  the  scales 
progressively  diminishes,  and  there  remains  only  a  single  proximal 
scale. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Amphiophiura  spatulifera  is 
close  to  A.  oediplax,  which  H.  L.  Clark  described  from  specimens 
from  Japan,  collected  in  between  322  and  448  meters  (176  and  245 
fathoms)  of  water.  The  type  of  this  species  was  of  small  size,  and 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  did  not  exceed  5  mm.,  the  arms  being  12  mm. 
in  length.  The  species  from  the  Philippines  differs  from  it  in  the 
presence  of  small  plates  intercalated  between  the  large  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  which  are  especially  numerous  in  speci- 
men B,  in  the  occurrence  of  two  large  interradial  plates  instead  of 
only  one,  in  the  form  of  the  radial  papillae,  which  are  more  elongated 
and  broadened  in  their  outer  portion  so  as  to  assume  a  spatulate 
form,  and  in  having  the  mouth  shields  broader,  the  tentacle  scales 
larger,  the  upper  arm  plates  broadly  triangular,  and  three  small 
arm  spines  instead  of  only  one. 

Amphiophiura  oediplax  is  itself  near  A.  'bullata  (Wyville  Thom- 
son) and  A.  convexa  (Lyman),  but  A.  spatulifera  differs  consider- 
ably from  these  species  and  can  not  in  any  way  be  confused  with  them. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     369 
AMPHIOPHIURA  STELLATA  (Studer). 

Ophioglypha  stellata  STUDEB  ('82),  p.  11,  pi.  1,  fig.  5. — KCEHLER  ('98),  p.  50, 

pi.  2,  figs.  3-5. 
Amphiophiura   stellata  MATSUMOTO    ('15),   p.   77. — H.   L.   CLARK    ('15),   p. 

314.— MATSUMOTO    ('17),   p.   261. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5400;  north  of  Cebu;  Tanguingui 
Island  Light  bearing  N.  77°  W.,  41.70  kilometers  (22.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  11°  24'  24"  N.,  long.  124°  05'  30"  E.)  ;  46  meters  (25  fathoms) ; 
March  16,  1909;  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41188,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  agrees  well  with  those  I  described  in  1898 
which  were  collected  by  the  Investigator  among  the  Andaman  Islands 
in  from  37  to  64  meters  (20  to  35  fathoms).  The  type  was  found 
by  the  Gazelle  at  Amboina  and  on  the  western  coast  of  Australia  at 
a  depth  of  from  5  to  7  meters  (3  to  4  fathoms). 

STEGOPHIURA  SLADENI   (Duncan). 

Plate  83,  figs.  4-7 ;  plate  84,  fig.  1. 

Ophioglypha  sladeni  DUNCAN  ('79),  p.  458,  pi.  9,  figs.  9-11. 
Ophiura  stiphra  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  83,  fig.  25. 

Stegophiura  sladeni  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  79. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15).  p.  317. — 
MATSUMOTO    ('17),   p.  259,  fig.  12. 

Locality. — Hakodate. 

Fifteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41376,  41377,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  average  diameter  of  the  disk  is  15  mm. 

The  specimens  agree  well  with  H.  L.  Clark's  description  and  figure. 

In  1915  Matsumoto  showed  that  Ophiura  stiphra,  described  as  a 
new  species  by  H.  L.  Clark  in  1911,  is  a  synonym  of  O.  sladeni, 
which  Duncan  described  from  specimens  from  Korea  (Chosen), 
and  this  has  been  accepted  by  H.  L.  Clark.  Sladen's  description  is 
fairly  good,  but  his  figures  are  very  schematic,  and  they  are  even 
somewhat  inexact,  especially  figure  11,  which  shows  a  side  view  of  the 
arm  and  which  is  entirely  erroneous.  These  figures  certainly  would 
not  permit  the  recognition  of  the  species. 

The  specimens  upon  which  H.  L.  Clark  described  his  Ophiura 
stiphra  all  came  from  different  stations  off  southern  Japan  at  which 
the  depth  varied  between  44  and  152  fathoms  (Honshu  Island,  Ose 
Zaki,  Kagoshima  Gulf,  and  the  Korean  Straits). 

As  H.  L.  Clark  has  remarked  ('11,  p.  84) ,  S.  sladeni  is  very  close  to 
S.  sterea  (H.  L.  Clark),  which  is  also  a  Japanese  form,  and  the  two 
species  are  distinguished  especially  by  the  characters  of  the  arm 
spines.  I  have  not  found  8.  sterea  in  the  collection  which  was  sent 
to  me,  but  I  have  been  able  to  study  this  species  from  a  specimen 
which  the  United  States  National  Museum  had  the  kindness  to  give 
me  and  which  had  been  determined  by  H.  L.  Clark.  It  came  from 
Honshu  Island  (station  3771.  61  fathoms,  or  111  meters).  I  have 
55269— 22— Bull.  100 24 


370  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

thought  it  well  to  include  here  some  photographs  of  S.  sterea  and  of 

5.  sladeni,  not  only  to  facilitate  comparison  between  the  two  species 
but  also  to  permit  of  distinguishing  both  of  them  from  a  new  species 
which  I  am  describing  below  under  the  name  of  S.  sterilis. 

The  arm  spines  are  all  very  distinct  in  S.  sterea,  while  in  S.  sladeni 
the  secondary  spines  are  united  into  a  sort  of  fringe  (pi.  83,  figs.  3, 

6,  7;  see  also  Matsumoto  '17,  figs.  71,  72).     The  very  marked  median 
prominence  which  the  first  under  arm  plates  show  in  S.  sladeni  is 
also  very  characteristic  of  this  species.    In  the  specimen  of  S.  sterea 
which  I  have  at  hand  the  two  first  under   arm  plates  have   the 
median  region  very  swollen,  thus  giving  a  first  indication  of  that 
keel  which  becomes  so  developed  in  S.  sladeni. 

In  both  species  the  radial  shields  have  the  same  shape,  and  the  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  very  strongly  divergent  and  very  broadly 
separated  inwardly,  and  their  respective  median  lines  form  with  each 
other  a  very  obtuse  angle. 

STEGOPHIURA  STERILIS,  new  species. 

Plate  83,  figs.  8-11. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5301;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hongkong  (lat.  20°  37'  00"  N.,  long.  115°  43'  00"  E.) ;  380  meters 
(208  fathomsi) ;  August  8,  1908 ;  gy.  M.,  S. 

Thirty-two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41379,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  12  mm, 
and  15  mm.  In  the  specimen  of  which  I  give  photographs  (pi. 
83,  figs.  8-11)  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  15  mm.,  and  the  arms  are 
from  45  mm.  to  50  mm.  in  length.  The  two  surfaces  of  the  disk 
are  flattened,  and  they  are  united  by  rounded  borders;  the  height 
is  4  mm.  The  arms  are  almost  as  high  as  broad,  and  their  section 
is  a  triangle  with  a  rounded  apex ;  their  width  at  the  base  is  4  mm.,, 
and  this  width  diminishes  rather  slowly  to  the  tip. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rather  numerous, 
unequal,  irregular,  polygonal  or  rounded  plates,  among  which  can 
be  distinguished  a  large  pentagonal  dorso-central  with  the  angles 
and  the  sides  rounded  and  five  primary  radials  each  separated  from 
it  by  a  small  plate.  These  primary  radials  stand  out  less  by  their 
size,  which  is  not  greater  than  that  of  the  other  plates  of  the  disk, 
than  by  their  slightly  darker  coloration  and  rather  peculiar  form; 
they  are  pentagonal,  narrow,  and  almost  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  with  an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  straight  distal  border. 
The  other  plates  are  irregularly  arranged.  In  the  median  radial 
line  there  is  a  rather  large  triangular  plate  separating  the  proximal 
extremities  of  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair.  In  the  iiiterradii 
there  are  usually  four  rows  of  plates  between  the  radial  shields,  and 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      371 

none  of  these  plates  are  conspicuous  by  their  size.  The  radial  shields 
are  large,  triangular,  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length  is 
slightly  more  than  a  third  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields 
of  each  pair  are  separated  outwardly  for  a  quarter  or  a  fifth  of  their 
length  by  the  first  upper  arm  plate  which  is  triangular  and  trans- 
versely broadened,  and  inwardly  over  a  somewhat  greater  distance 
by  the  triangular  radial  plate  mentioned  above;  these  shields  are 
therefore  in  contact  in  their  middle  portion  for  about  a  third  of 
their  length.  The  papillae  of  the  radial  combs  are  much  elongated, 
fine,  and  close  together,  and  below  them  may  be  distinguished  a 
small  supplementary  comb. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  plates  which  are 
few  in  number,  rounded,  subequal.  and  slightly  imbricated.  The 
genital  slits  are  narrow.  The  genital  plates  are  also  narrow  and 
they  are  provided  with  papillae  which  are  all  very  obtuse  and  short, 
but  which  rapidly  become  elongated  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  longer  than  broad,  pentagonal,  with 
an  obtuse  proximal  angle  and  a  very  strongly  convex  distal  border; 
the  lateral  borders  are  slightly  notched  by  the  bottom  of  the  genital 
slits.  The  adoral  plates  are  narrow,  strongly  tapering  in  their  outer 
quarter,  and  more  broadened  inwardly.  The  oral  plates  are  high 
and  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  five  in  number;  the 
four  outer  are  small  and  somewhat  irregular;  the  last  is  elongated, 
conical,  and  almost  of  the  same  size  as  the  neighboring  unpaired 
terminal  papilla. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  triangular,  broader  than 
long,  with  a  very  obtuse  and  very  rounded  proximal  angle ;  it  sepa- 
rates the  distal  portions  of  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair.  The 
second  plate,  smaller  and  narrower  than  the  preceding,  is  rectangu- 
lar or  trapezoidal ;  it  lies  between  the  radial  combs.  The  third  is 
very  much  larger,  trapezoidal  in  shape,  twice  as  broad  as  long.  The 
fourth  is  still  broader,  though  scarcely  longer  than  the  preceding. 
The  width  of  the  following  plates  diminishes  beyond  the  fifth,  while 
their  length  increases;  these  plates  then  become  hexagonal,  with  the 
proximal  border  straight  and  a  little  longer  than  the  distal  border, 
which  is  also  straight,  and  lateral  borders  each  formed  by  two  short 
straight  sides  united  by  an  obtuse  angle.  The  length  is  at  first  less 
than  the  width :  they  then  become  little  by  little  as  long  as  broad, 
remaining  broadly  in  contact,  and  finally  longer  than  broad.  The 
two  ends,  the  proximal  and  the  distal,  become  shorter  and  shorter 
so  that  the  plates  assume  a  lozenge-shaped  form  and  toward  the 
extremity  of  the  arms  they  are  twice  as  long  as  broad  and  barely  in 
contact  by  their  adjacent  angles. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  large,  hexagonal,  with  the  proximal 
border  slightly  excavated  and  the  distal  border  somewhat  rounded; 


372  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

it  is  somewhat  broader  than  long.  The  following  plates  become 
larger  and  broader,  quadrangular,  with  the  proximal  border  nar- 
rower than  the  distal  border,  which  is  always  rounded;  the  lateral 
borders,  which  are  slightly  divergent,  are  excavated  by  the  tentacle 
pores.  At  some  distance  from  the  disk  these  plates  become  as  long 
as  broad,  and  then  longer  than  broad,  while  at  the  same  time  their 
proximal  border  becomes  more  and  more  reduced,  being  finally  re- 
placed by  an  acute  angle.  The  plates  then  become  lozenge-shaped,  a 
little  longer  than  broad;  their  length  then  diminishes  and  they 
become  separated  by  a  space  which  elongates  little  by  little;  at  last 
they  become  very  small  and  a  little  broader  than  long.  The  four- 
first  plates  have  their  ventral  surface  much  swollen  in  the  median 
region,  though  without  forming  a  true  keel  as  in  S.  sladeni. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  very  high.  They  bear  spines  the  arrange- 
ment of  which  recalls  strongly  that  in  S.  stereo. — that  is  to  say,  the 
greater  part  of  their  free  border  is  occupied  by  a  series  of  narrow  and 
pointed  spines  closely  crowded  against  each  other  and  appressed 
against  the  lateral  surfaces  of  the  arm,  of  which  tlje  outlines  are 
very  distinct;  these  are  the  secondary  spines  of  H.  L.  Clark.  Inde- 
pendently of  these  there  occurs  toward  the  ventral  border  of  the 
plate  a  group  of  three  larger  and  longer  conical  and  pointed  spines 
which  are  at  first  subequal,  though  the  second  spine  soon  becomes 
broader  than  the  two  others.  At  the  dorsal  angle  of  the  side  arm 
plates  there  is  another  spine,  smaller  than  the  preceding,  and  finally, 
at  some  distance  from  this  dorsal  spine,  toward  the  upper  third  of 
the  plate,  there  is  a  fifth  spine.  The  secondary  spines  number  about 
15  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  the  number  progressively  diminishing, 
while  at  the  same  time  the  primary  spines  also  become  reduced,  and 
the  number  of  the  ventral  spines  falls  to  two,  so  that  in  the  last 
third  of  the  arm  there  remain  only  four  small  spines  separated  by 
two  or  three  secondary  spines. 

The  tentacle  pores  are  very  large;  those  of  the  first  pair  bear 
seven  or  eight  scales  on  either  side,  and  they  open  immediately  below 
the  mouth  slits.  The  following  pores  are  very  large  over  a  con- 
siderable number  of  arm  segments ;  their  scales,  which  number  seven 
or  eight  on  the  proximal  border  and  six  or  seven  on  the  distal,  de- 
crease progressively  to  four;  the  distal  scales  then  disappear  little 
by  little,  except  for  the  last,  which  persists  for  a  considerable  time ; 
the  number  of  the  proximal  scales  remains  at  six  or  five  over  a 
rather  considerable  portion  of  the  arms ;  the  number  then  falls  rapidly 
to  four,  to  three,  and  to  two. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — StegopMura  sterllis  is  close  to 
S.  sterea  (H.  L.  Clark)  and  S.  sladeni  (Duncan),  and  it  is  because 
of  these  affinities  that  I  have  retained  it  in  the  genus  Stegophiwra; 
but  it  is  indubitable  that  it  occurs  on  the  limits  of  that  genus  and 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      373 

that  it  might  quite  as  well  be  placed  in  the  genus  Amphiophiura. 
While  S.  sladeni  and  S.  sterea  have  the  arms  short,  very  stout,  and 
broadened  at  the  base,  thence  decreasing  rapidly  in  breadth,  the  new 
species  does  not  have  the  arms  much  broadened  at  the  base,  and 
their  width  decreases  rather  slowly;  furthermore,  the  arms  are 
markedly  longer  than  those  of  the  two  species  which  I  have  just 
mentioned.  As  I  have  already  had  occasion  to  remark,  the  dividing 
line  between  the  genera  StegopMura  and  AmpMophiura  is  not  a 
sharp  one. 

This  difference  in  the  form  of  the  arms  thus  immediately  separates 
/S.  sterilis  from  S.  sterea  and  S.  sladem.  Another  difference  is  found 
in  the  radial  shields;  these,  which  are  a  little  longer  and  broader 
in  the  new  species,  are  not  divergent ;  they  are  in  contact  only  in  their 
central  portion,  and  the  inner  borders  of  the  two  shields  of  each 
pair  are  parallel  instead  of  separating  and  diverging  considerably 
as  in  S.  sterea.  and  S.  sladeni.  The  mouth  shields  are  also  a  little 
more  elongated.  The  absence  of  a  true  keel  on  the  first  under  arm 
plates  recalls  S.  sterea.  The  arrangement  of  the  arm  spines  also  re- 
calls that  species,  though  the  secondary  spines  are  closer  together  and 
tend  to  form  a  fringe  comparable  to  that  seen  in  S.  sladeni;  in 
8.  sterea  these  secondary  spines  are  more  independent  of  each  other 
and  thus  more  resemble  the  primary  true  spines,  from  which  it  is 
sometimes  difficult  to  distinguish  them,  and  which  are  more  numerous 
than  in  S.  sladeni. 

OPHIURA  AEQUALIS  Lyman. 

Plnte  81,  figs.  2,  6,  10. 

Ophioglypha  aequaUs  LYMAN  (78),  p.  72,  pi.  3,  figs.  74,  75;  ('82),  p.  45, 
pi.  4,  figs.  14,  15.— KCEHLER  ('86),  p.  297,  pi.  6,  fig.  19;  ('99),  p.  16,  pi.  5, 
fig.  38;  ('04),  p.  55. 

Ophiura  aeq-ualis  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  81. — H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  318.— 
MATSITMOTO  ('17),  p.  267. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5332;  Mindoro  Strait;  Apo  Light 
bearing  S.  66°  W.,  33.73  kilometers  (18.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  12r 
47'  15"  N.,  long.  120°  41'  00"  E.)  ;  1,363  meters  (745  fathoms) ; 
December  12,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41337,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5471;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Sialat  Point  Light  bearing  N.  71°  E.,  27.80 
kilometers  (15  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  34'  57"  N.,  long.  123°  47'  06" 
E.)  ;  1,039  meters  (568  fathoms) ;  June  19,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41319,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatroxv  station  5601&;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Limbe  Islanc? 
(NE.)  bearing  N.,  38.36  kilometers  (20.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  1°  13' 
10"  N.,  long.  125°  17'  05"  E.)  ;  1,399  meters  (765  fathoms)  ;  No- 
vember  13,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 


374  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41315,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5605;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Island 
(W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.93  kilometers  (5.9  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  21'  33"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.)  ;  1,183  meters  (647  fathoms)  ; 
November  16,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41317,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5612;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Buka  Buka 
Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  3°  E.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  38'  00"  S.,  long.  121°  45'  40"  E.)  ;  1.371  meters  (750 
fathoms) ;  November  20,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41316,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5647;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  87°  E.,  21.50  kilometers  (11.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  34'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  18'  15"  E.) ;  949  meters  (519  fathoms)  ;  December  16. 
1909  ;gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41318,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.) ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms);  December  16, 
1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41338,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — In  my  memoir  of  1896  I  supplemented  and  corrected  Ly- 
man's  description,  and  I  find  the  characters  typical  for  the  species 
in  the  Albatross  specimens.  The  spines,  which  are  four  or  five  in 
number  on  the  first  arm  segments,  may  subsequently  reach  six.  I 
include  here  three  photographs  of  the  specimen  from  station  5647 
(pi.  81,  figs.  2,  6,  10). 

Lyman's  type  came  from  the  vicinity  of  New  Guinea  (depth  1,957 
meters  [1,070  fathoms]).  The  Investigator  found  0.  aequalis  in 
the  Laccadive  and  Andaman  Islands,  in  896  and  2,194  meters  (490 
and  1,200  fathoms),  and  the  Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  (828 
to  1,788  meters,  or  455  to  980  fathoms). 

OPHIURA  CLEMENS  (Koehler). 

Oplnoglyplia  clemcns  KCEIILER   ('04),  p.  51,  pi.  8,  figs.  7-9;   ('07),  p.  260; 

C07a),  p.  291. 
Ophiura  Clemens  MATSUMOTO   ('15),  p.  81. — H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  319.— 

MATSUMOTO   ('17),  p.  268. 

Localities.  —  Albatross  station  5348;  Palawan  Passage;  Point 
Tabonan  bearing  S.  89°  E.,  62.08  kilometers  (33.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  10°  57'  45"  N.,  long.  118°  38'  15"  E.)  :  686  meters  (375 
fathoms)  ;  December  27,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41192,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5467;  east  coast  of  Luzon;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  79°  W..  4.63 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      375 

kilometers  (2.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  35'  27"  N.,  long.  123°  37' 
18"  E.) ;  787  meters  (480  fathoms) ;  June  18,  1909:  gy.  M.  (m.  b.). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41191,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — Ophiura  clemens  has  a  rather  wide  geographical  range. 
I  based  the  species  on  specimens  from  the  Siboga  collection  dredged 
in  numerous  localities  among  the  Sunda  Islands  between  694  and 
1,633  meters  (382  to  892  fathoms).  The  Travailleur  and  of  the 
Talisman  expeditions  had  previously  found  it  in  the  Gulf  of  Gas- 
cony  in  1,916  meters  (1,013  fathoms). 

OPHIURA  FLAGELLATA  Lyman. 

Plate  85,  figs.  1,  6,  7 ;  plate  86,  figs.  1-4,  10. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophioglypha  flagellata  KCEHLER   ('04),  p.  56;    ('07a),  p.  261. 

Ophiura  flagellata  H.  L.  CLARK   ('11),  p.  60;    ('13),  p.  208. — MATSUMOTO 

('15),  p.  81.— H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  320. 
Gymnophiura  coerulescens  LUTKEN  and  MORTENSEN  ('99),  p.  114. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5582;  in  the  vicinity  of  Darvel  Bay. 
Borneo;  Si  Amil  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  22°  W.,  11.49  kilometers 
(6.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  19'  54"  N.,  long.  118°  58'  38"  E.) ;  1,628 
meters  (890  fathoms) ;  September  26,  1909;  gy.  M.,  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41147,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5647;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  87°  E.,  21.50  kilometers  (11.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  34'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  18'  15"  E.) ;  949  meters  (519  fathoms)  ;  December  16^ 
1909;  gn.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41146,  E.  191,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Buginkali  Point 
bearing  S.  67°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat,  4°  43'  50" 
S.,  long.  121°  23'  24"  E.)  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms) ;  December  17, 
1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41145,  E.  192,  U.S.N.M.) 

Notes. — Ophiura  flagellata  is  a  well-known  and  easily  recognizable 
species  which  has  been  collected  in  the  course  of  various  explorations. 
To  the  descriptions  of  Lyman  and  of  Liitken  and  Mortensen  (these 
latter  recording  it  under  the  name  of  GymnopMura  coerulescens} 
H.  L.  Clark  has  added  a  number  of  very  interesting  observations, 
especially  concerning  the  variations  which  this  species  shows  regard- 
ing the  form  of  the  radial  shields,  the  length  of  the  arm  spines,  the 
number  of  the  tentacle  scales,  and  the  degree  of  calcification  of  the 
disk.  It  must  also  be  added  that  variations  may  occur  in  the  length 
of  the  papillae  of  the  radia  comb.  H.  L.  Clark  shows  these  as  very 
long  (11,  fig.  15A),  as  do  Liitken  and  Mortensen  ('99,  p.  7,  fig.  6), 


376  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

and  the  former  states  that  they  are  longer  and  more  delicate  than 
Lyman's  figure  shows  ('82,  pi.  4,  fig.  17).  I  believe  that  Lyman's 
figure  may  perfectly  well  be  correct,  for  I  find  a  similar  form  of  the 
radial  papillae  in  one  of  the  Albatross  specimens — that  from  station 
5647 — of  which  I  show  the  dorsal  surface  on  plate  85  as  figure  7. 
These  papillae  are  here  extremely  small  and  short  and  a  little  less 
conical  than  in  Lyman's  figure.  But  the  other  specimens — for  ex- 
ample that  from  station  5651,  of  which  a  photograph  is  reproduced 
in  figure  6 — have  very  long,  fine,  and  pointed  radial  papillae.  These 
therefore  show  rather  extensive  variation. 

I  give  here  some  photographs  of  O.  flagellata  which  will  serve  as  a 
basis  for  comparison  with  the  following  species,  which  is  rather 
closely  related  to  it,  though  I  have  thought  it  best,  however,  to  keep 
the  two  separate.  On  these  photographs  the  differences  in  form 
shown  by  the  upper  and  under  arm  plates  on  the  normal  arms  and 
on  the  parts  of  the  arms  in  process  of  regeneration  (p.  86,  figs.  1,  2, 
4, 10)  may  also  be  seen.  The  under  arm  plates  are  relatively  narrower 
and  longer  in  the  regenerated  portions  and  they  thus  recall  the  form 
observed  in  the  young;  the  differences,  however,  are  not  as  marked 
as  those  shown  in  H.  L.  Clark's  figure  ('11,  fig.  15Z>). 

In  all  my  specimens  the  mouth  shields  are  very  large,  rather  pen- 
tagonal in  form,  with  the  lateral  borders  more  or  less  strongly  ex- 
cavated by  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slits ;  they  are  as  long  as  broad, 
or  even  a  little  longer  than  broad;  Liitken  and  Mortensen,  as  well 
as  H.  L.  Clark,  have  also  shown  the  mouth  shields  as  longer  than 
broad.  On  the  figures  published  by  Lyman,  first  in  1878  and  later 
in  1882,  there  is  a  lack  of  agreement  in  the  form  of  these  shields ;  in 
the  figure  in  his  bulletin  (78,  p.  2,  fig.  49)  the  shield  is  longer  than 
broad,  while  in  that  in  the  Challenger  report  ('82.  pi.  4,  fig.  16)  the 
shield  is  very  much  shorter,  and  it  may  be  even  a  little  broader  than 
long.  The  pentagonal  form  with  strongly  excavated  sides  and  a 
rather  narrow  distal  border  shown  by  the  specimen  represented  on 
plate  86  as  figure  2  is  not  peculiar  to  the  Albatross  specimens,  for 
I  also  find  it  in  those  which  were  collected  by  the  Siboga,  by  the 
Travailleur  and  the  TalismaM,,  and  by  the  Investigator.  I  show  the 
ventral  surface  of  one  of  these  last  on  plate  86  as  figure  1. 

I  stated  in  1907  ('07,  p.  262)  that  0.  flagellata  has  a  rather  wide 
geographical  distribution;  in  1899,  in  mentioning  that  the  Chal- 
lenger had  found  the  species  between  the  Philippines  and  the  Caro- 
lines, I  made  a  slight  error,  to  wliich  H.  L.  Clark  called  attention 
in  1911  ('11,  p.  62) ;  this  error  arose  from  the  fact  that  in  giving  the 
latitude  of  Challenger  station  232  I  wrote  15°  instead  of  35°,  which 
made  me  say  that  O.  flagellata  had  been  found  "between  the  Philip- 
pines and  the  Carolines  "  instead  of  "  in  Japan."  Since  then,  how- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     377 

ever,  0.  -flagellata  has  been  collected  in  the  Philippines  and  at  dif- 
ferent stations  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago. 

Ophiura  flagellata  has  a  much  wider  distribution  than  was  sup- 
posed in  1907,  for  the  Albatross  has  found  it  as  far  as  the  Bering 
Sea  and  the  Aleutian  Islands  to  the  north  and  in  the  Pacific  off  the 
coast  of  Mexico. 

The  principal  localities  at  which  O.  flagellata  has  been  taken,  with 
the  depths,  are  the  following : 

Challenger  Lyman  ('82,  p.  52)  35°  N.  latitude,  139°  E.  longitude  (Japan)  ; 
622  meters  (340  fathoms). 

Investigator  Koehler  ('99,  p.  19)  Andaman  Islands;  990  to  1,000  meters 
(490  to  495  fathoms). 

Albatross  Ltttken  and  Mortensen  ('99,  p.*  114)  22°-24°  N.  latitude,  107-108° 
W.  longitude  (off  the  coast  of  Mexico)  :  1,681  to  1,820  meters  (919  to  995 
fathoms). 

Siboga  Koehler  ('04,  p.  56)  2°  N.-7°  S.  latitude,  117°-131°  E.  longitude 
(Sunda  Islands)  ;  96  to  1.264  meters  (63  to  831  fathoms). 

Travailleur  and  Talisman  Koehler  ('07,  p.  261)  19°-29°  N.  latitude,  14C-20° 
W.  longitude  (off  the  coast  of  the  Sahara)  ;  932  to  2,330  meters  (613 
to  1,533  fathoms). 

Albatross  H.  L.  Clark  ('11,  p.  61)  35°-54°  N.  latitude,  129°-170°  E.  longi- 
tude (Bering  Sea,  Aleutian  Islands.  Japan,  etc.)  ;  128  to  1,602  meters 
(70  to  876  fathoms). 

Albatross  Koehler  ('17)  4°  N.-5°  S.  latitude,  118°-122°  E.  longitude  (Philip- 
pines and  Sunda  Islands)  ;  949  to  1.280  meters  (519  to  700  fathoms). 

We  thus  see  that  O.  flagellata  has  been  found  at  a  rather  large 
number  of  stations  in  our  three  great  oceans — Pacific,  Indian,  and 
Atlantic— at  depths  varying  from  96  to  2,330  meters  (52.5  to  1,275 
fathoms) . 

OPHIURA  FLUCTUANS,  new  species. 

Plate  85,  figs.  2-5. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5652;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lamulu 
bearing  S.  36°  E.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  35'  00" 
S.,  long.  121°  23'  06"  E.)  ;  960  meters  (525  fathoms) ;  December  17, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41356,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — In  one  of  the  specimens  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is 
19  mm.;  the  arm  which  is  best  preserved  reaches  a  length  of  80  mm., 
and  it  must  have  had  a  total  length  of  about  100  mm.  In  the  other 
specimen  tlio  diameter  of  the  disk,  which  is  slightly  oval,  measures 
from  14  mm.  to  15  mm. ;  the  arms  are  broken  off  at  a  little  distance  from 
the  base.  The  width  of  the  arms  at  their  base  is  4.5  mm.  in  the  first 
specimen,  3.5  mm.  in  the  second.  The  relation  between  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  and  the  width  of  the  arms  is  therefore  1 : 4.2  in  the  first  and 
1  : 4.28  in  the  second. 


378  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  disk  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  surf  ace  is  depressed  in  the  central 
region,  which  is  entirely  without  plates  and  covered  only  by  a  very 
thin  membrane  of  a  light  yellowish  brown  color  in  the  larger  speci- 
men, greenish  in  the  smaller.  The  uncalcified  region  is  relatively 
larger  in  the  second  specimen,  and  from  it  extend  ten  prolongations ; 
five  radial  and  five  interradial,  which  run  toward  the  periphery  of  the 
disk,  though  without  reaching  it,  and  give  to  this  membranous  part 
a  stellate  form.  This  feature  is  nothing  out  of  the  ordinary,  and  it  is 
observable  also  in  specimens  of  O.  flagettata  of  medium  size  (pi.  85, 
fig.  6).  The  remainder  of  the  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  very 
small,  thin,  transparent,  imbricated  plates,  somewhat  unequal  in  size, 
which  become  stouter  toward  4he  periphery  of  the  disk  and  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  radial  shields.  These  last  are  very  small,  triangular, 
longer  than  broad  in  the  small  specimen,  almost  as  long  as  broad  in 
the  larger,  in  which  they  are  relatively  less  developed.  The  papillae  of 
the  radial  comb  are  very  large,  elongated,  rather  thick,  conical,  and 
pointed. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  covered 
with  plates  larger  than  those  of  the  dorsal  surface.  These  plates  are 
smaller  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  where  they  are  imbricated, 
and  they  become  very  much  larger  in  the  vicinity  of  the  radial  shields, 
where  the  imbrication  ceases.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow.  The 
genital  plates  are  narrow  and  elongated;  they  show  on  their  free 
border  some  papillae  which  are  at  first  small,  short,  and  pointed, 
but  which  rapidly  become  elongated  toward  the  periphery  of  the 
disk. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  triangular,  with  a  rather  open  proxi- 
mal angle  bordered  by  straight  sides  passing  over  by  very  rounded 
angles  into  the  broad  and  straight  distal  border.  The  form  is  almost 
the  same  in  the  two  specimens ;  though  in  the  larger  the  shields  are  a 
little  broader  than  long,  and  in  the  smaller  they  are  as  long  as  broad. 
There  is  not  the  least  trace  of  notching  at  the  level  of  the  bottom  of  the 
genital  slits.  The  adoral  plates  are  narrow  and  extremely  elongated, 
narrowed  slightly  a  little  before  their  ends  by  the  mouth  tentacle  pore, 
and  they  are  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line.  The  oral  plates 
are  a  little  broader  and  very  much  shorter  than  the  last.  The  mouth 
papillae  number  six  or  seven  on  each  side ;  the  outermost  papillae  is 
very  short,  low,  and  scarcely  evident,  the  length  then  progressively 
increasing  to  the  last,  which  is  elongated,  conical,  and  a  little  smaller 
than  the  terminal  papilla  with  which  it  is  in  contact. 

The  three  first  upper  arm  plates,  included  within  the  notching 
of  the  disk,  are  small  and  narrow;  their  length  increases  from  the 
first  to  the  third ;  their  form  also  varies.  The  third  plate  is  already 
two  or  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  width  still  further  increasing 
on  the  two  following  plates,  and  the  fifth  being  almost  twice  as  broad 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      379 

as  long.  On  the  succeeding  plates  the  length  increases  rather  rapidly 
and  the  plates  become  as  long  as  broad,  then  longer  than  broad  in  the 
distal  half  of  the  arms.  These  plates  are  always  widely  in  contact, 
with  the  proximal  border  narrower  than  the  distal,  which  is  slightly 
convex,  and  with  the  lateral  angles  very  pronounced. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  large,  triangular,  broader  than  long, 
or  simply  oval  and  transversely  broadened.  The  two  following  are 
quadrangular,  with  the  proximal  border  very  much  narrower  than 
the  distal,  which  is  much  broadened ;  they  are  very  much  broader  than 
long,  and  broadly  in  contact.  The  proximal  border  narrows  very 
much  on  the  fourth  plate,  and  beyond  the  fifth  it  is  replaced  by  an 
obtuse  angle.  The  following  plates  become  very  much  shorter  and 
very  broad,  and  they  are  separated  by  a  space  which  becomes  greater 
and  greater ;  their  distal  border  is  sinuous,  and  shows  a  small  median 
lobe. 

The  side  arm  plates  bear  three  spines  which"  are  rather  broad  at 

»   the  base,  flattened,  and  very  pointed,  of  which  the  length  increases 

progressively  from  the  first  to  the  third;  the  first  is  shorter  than 

the  segment,  the  second  almost  equals  the  segment,  and  the  third 

is  slightly  longer  (fig.  5). 

The  tentacle  pores  are  very  large  and  provided  with  numerous 
scales.  Those  of  the  first  pair  carry  about  six  on  either  side;  those 
of  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  pairs  also  have  six  on  their  proxi- 
mal side,  and  four,  and  then  three,  on  their  distal  side ;  those  of  the 
fifth  pair  have  five  proximal  scales  and  three  distal ;  then  the  num- 
ber of  the  scales  decreases  little  by  little,  the  distal  scales  disap- 
pearing rather  rapidly  while  the  proximal  scales  fall  to  three  in 
number  and  then  to  two. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiura  ftuctuans  is  very  close 
to  O.  flagellata,  and  it  may  be  asked  whether  these  are  not  really 
young  specimens  of  this  latter  species,  but  such  a  supposition  would 
be  quite  erroneous,  as  a  comparison  of  specimens  of  the  same  size 
belonging  to  both  species  shows.  I  have  given  on  plate  85,  figure  6, 
the  dorsal  surface  of  O.  flagellata,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
is  18  mm.;  it  is  consequently  very  nearly  of  the  same  size  as  the 
larger  specimen  of  O.  ftuctuans  which  I  have  just  described  and  of 
which  the  dorsal  surface  is  represented  in  figure  2  of  the  same  plate. 
By  comparing  these  two  photographs  the  differences  in  the  relative 
dimensions  of  the  arms  and  of  the  disk  are  at  once  seen;  the  arms 
are  very  broad  in  O.  ftagellata,  while  they  are  very  narrow  in  0. 
ftuctuans;  the  relation  between  the  width  of  the  arms  and  the  diam- 
eter of  the  disk  is  1:3.3  in  the  first  species  and  1:4.2  to  1:4.3  in 
the  second.  The  upper  arm  plates,  which  are  four  times  as  broad 
as  long  on  the  10  or  15  proximal  arm  segments  in  O.  flagellata,  are 
scarcely  half  again  as  broad  as  long  on  the  six  proximal  segments 


380  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

in  O.  fluctuans,  and  they  become  as  long  as  broad  toward  the  fii- 
teenth.  The  form  of  the  mouth  shields  is  also  very  different;  they 
are  larger,  usually  longer  than  broad,  with  a  strong  notch  on  the 
sides  corresponding  to  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slits  in  0.  flagellata, 
and  simply  triangular,  as  long  as  broad,  or  even  a  little  broader 
than  long,  with  the  outlines  very  much  more  simple  in  0.  fluctuans. 
The  arm  spines  are  relatively  stouter  and  thicker  in  0.  flagellata, 
and  the  dorsal  spine  especially  is  more  developed  than  in  O.  fluc- 
tuant. The  ventral  interradial  areas  are  narrower  than  in  0.  flagel- 
lata,  resulting  from  the  broadening  of  the  arms,  but  the  plates  here 
are  more  numerous  and  smaller  than  in  the  new  species  in  speci- 
mens of  the  same  size. 

It  has  therefore  not  seemed  to  me  possible  to  unite  the  two  forms 
in  the  same  species,  and  the  differences  which  I  have  given,  espe- 
cially regarding  the  width  of  the  arms  and  the  form  of  the  mouth 
shields,  can  not  be  attributed  to  a  difference  in  the  age  of  the  indi- 
viduals. 

OPHIURA  IRRORATA    (Lyman). 

See  for  the  bibliography : 
Ophiura  irrorata  H.  L.  CLARK   ('13),  p.  209. — MATSUMOTO   ('15),  p.  81.— 

H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  320.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  277. 
Ophiofflypha  irrorata  KCEHLER  ('14),  p.  18. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5602;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Go- 
rontalo  Pier  bearing  N.  13.16  kilometers  (7.1  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  22'  00"  N.,  long.  132°  03'  30"  E.)  ;  1,759  meters  (962  fathoms) ; 
November  14, 1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41343,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5614;  Molucca  Passage;  Tifori  Island  (C.)  bear- 
ing N.  19°  E.,  56.52  kilometers  (30.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  31'  00" 
N.,  long.  125°  58'  45"  E.)  ;  2,012  meters  (1,100  fathoms)  ;  Novem- 
ber 22, 1909;  gy.  M.,  S.,  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41342,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  15  mm.  in  the  specimen  from 
station  5602  and  19  mm.  in  the  other;  in  both  the  arms  are  broken 
off  near  the  base. 

In  the  specimen  from  station  5602  the  arrangement  of  the  plates 
on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  recalls  one  of  the  figures  published 
by  Liitken  and  Mortensen  ('99),  pi.  1,  fig.  10)  under  the  name  of 
O.  tumulosa,  with  small,  distinct  primary  plates.  The  mouth  shields 
are  a  little  broader  than  long;  the  upper  arm  spine  is  rather  elon- 
gated, and  its  length  exceeds  a  third  of  the  segment.  In  the  other 
specimen  the  primary  plates  are  no  longer  distinct  and  the  dorsal 
spine  is  very  much  smaller.  Regarding  the  synonymy  of  this  spe- 
cies, as  well  as  its  geographical  distribution,  which  is  very  exten- 
sive, I  refer  to  my  memoir  of  1914,  to  which  I  have  nothing  to  add. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      381 
OPHIURA  KINBERGI   Ljungman. 

Synonym : 

Ophioglypha  sinensis  LYMAN. 
See  for  bibliography: 

Ophioglypha  kinlergi  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  22;   ('07),  p.  294. 
Ophioglypha,  sinensis  MACINTOSH  ('11),  p.  158. 

Ophiura  kinbergi  H.  L.  CLABK   ('11),  p.  37.— MATSUMOTO   ('15),  p.  81.— 
H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  321.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  271,  fig.  73. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5097;  Corregidor  Light  bearing  N. 
6°  E.,  6.67  kilometers  (3.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  14°  19'  15"  N.,  long. 
120°  33'  05"  E.)  ;  gy.  M.,  S.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40970,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5104;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon;  Sueste 
Point  Light  bearing  S.  58°  W.,  2.39  kilometers  (1.3  miles)  distant 
(lat.  14°  45'  48"  N.,  long.  120°  12'  20"  E.) ;  60  meters  (33  fathoms) ; 
January  8,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41218,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5105;  China  Sea,  off  southern  Luzon;  Sueste 
Point  Light  bearing  N.  57°  W.,  3.52  kilometers  (1.9  miles)  distant 
(lat.  14°  43'  55"  N.,  long.  120°  12'  50"  E.) ;  46  meters  (25  fathoms) ; 
January  8,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41220,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5107;  Corregidor  Light  bearing  S.  17°  E.,  32.43 
kilometers  (1.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  14°  24'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  33' 
40"  E;  51  meters  (28  fathoms)  January  9, 1908). 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41227,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5158;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi 
Group;  Tinakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  89°  W.,  3.52  kilometers  (1.9 
miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  12'  00"  N.,  long.  119°  54'  30"  E.) ;  22  meters 
(12  fathoms) ;  February  21,  1908;  crs.  S.,  Sh. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41215,  41228,  41230,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5160;  Sulu  Archipelago,  Tawi  Tawi  Group; 
Tinakta  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  72°  W.,  5.09  kilometers  (2.75  miles) 
distant  (lat.  5°  12'  40"  N.,  long.  119°  55'  10"  E.)  22  meters  (12 
fathoms) ;  February  22,  1908;  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos  40966,  41229,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5169;  Sulu  Archipelago,  in  the  vicinity  of  Sibutu 
Island;  Sibutu  Island  (SE.)  bearing  N.  38°  E.,  14.82  kilometers  (8 
miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  32'  15"  N.,  long.  119°  22'  45"  E.)  ;  18  meters 
(10  fathoms) ;  February  27, 1908;  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40963,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5207;  off  western  Samar;  Badian  Island  (N.) 
bearing  S.  74°  E.,  8.71  kilometers  (4.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  38'  05" 
N,,  long.  124°  40'  45"  E.)  ;  64  meters  (35  fathoms)  ;  April  14,  1908; 
gn.  M,  S. 


382  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40962,  IT.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5342;  Malampaya  Sound,  Palawan  Island;  En- 
deavor Point  (S.)  bearing  S.  58°  E.,  0.93  kilometer  (0.5  mile)  dis- 
tant (lat.  10°  56'  55"  N.,  long.  119°  17'  24"  E.;  26  to  46  meters  (14 
to  25  fathoms) ;  December  23,  1908 ;  gy.  M. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40969,  41226,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5358;  Jolo  Sea;  Sandakan  Light  bearing  S.  34° 
W.,  36.5  kilometers  (19.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  06'  40"  N.,  long, 
118°  18'  15"  E.) ;  71  meters  (39  fathoms) ;  January  7,  1909;  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40964,  IT.S.N.M. ). 

Albatross  station  5363;  Balayan  Bay,  Luzon;  Cape  Santiago  Light 
bearing  S.  79°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  47' 
20"  N.,  long.  120°  43'  30"  E.)  ;  329  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  February 
20, 1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  51225,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5398;  between  Masbate  and  Leyte;  Gigantangan 
Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  45°  E.,  5.00  kilometers  (2.7  miles)  distant  (lat. 
11°  35'  12"  N.,  long.  124°  13'  48"  E.)  ;  208  meters  (114  fathoms)  : 
March  15,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41223,  41231,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5415;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Lauis  Point 
Light  bearing  N.  24°  W.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  07'  50"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  00"  E.) ;  161  meters  (88  fathoms)  : 
March  24, 1909;  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41221,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz  Point 
(Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  231  meters  (127  fathoms) ; 
March  24,  1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40967,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5442;  west  coast  of  Luzon,  Manila  Bay  to  Lin- 
gayen  Gulf;  San  Fernando  Point  Light  bearing  N.  39°  E.,  15.57 
kilometers  (8.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  16°  30'  36"  N.,  long.  120°  11'  06" 
E.) ;  82  meters  (45  fathoms) ;  May  10, 1909;  co.  S. 

Eight  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40965,  41224,  IT.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5448;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay ;  San  Miguel  Point  bearing  N.  23°  E.,  2.78  kilo- 
meters (1.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  23'  10"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  19"  PI) ; 
86  meters  (47  fathoms) ;  June  4,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40968,  U.S.N.M.). 

Wakanoura,  Kiushu. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41217,  IT.S.N.M.). 

Yenoshima. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41219,  IT.S.N.M.). 

Otaru. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      383 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41216,  U.S.N.M.). 

Subig  Bay. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41222,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  union  of  Ophiura  sinensis  with  0.  kinbergi  which  I 
proposed  in  1905  has  been  accepted  and  confirmed  by  H.  L.  Clark, 
who  has  been  able  to  examine  Lyman's  type  of  O.  sinensis,  which 
came  from  Australia. 

Ophiura  kinbergi  appears  to  be  very  widely  distributed  in  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  as  well  as  in  the  western  Pacific.  It  is  known  from  vari- 
ous localities  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  Ceylon,  the  Malabar  coast,  the 
Andaman  Islands,  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  the  Philippines,  the 
Sunda  Archipelago,  and  Australia.  It  is  usually  littoral,  but  it  is 
rather  frequently  met  with  as  far  as  100  meters  (55  fathoms),  and 
the  Siboga  found  it  at  216  meters  (118  fathoms)  in  10°  S.  latitude 
and  123°  E.  longitude.  The  Albatross  dredged  it  at  very  similar 
depths— 208  meters  (station  5398)  and  232  meters  (station  5420),  or 
114  and  128  fathoms. 

OPHIURA  MICRANTHA    (H.  L.  Clark). 

Plate  86,  fig.  6. 

Ophiura  micrantha  H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  47,  fig.  10. — MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p. 
81.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  322.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  268. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5256;  southern  Mindanao,  eastern 
Illana  Bay;  Utara  Point,  Bongo  Island,  bearing  N.  76°  W.,  5.19 
kilometers  (2.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  21'  45"  N.,  long.  124°  07' 
15"  E.)  ;  289  meters  (158  fathoms)  ;  May  22,  1908;  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat,  Nos.  41384,  41385,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5661;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa  bearing  N.  21°  E.r 
23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  49'  40"  S.,  long.  120° 
24'  30"  E.) ;  329  meters  (180  fathoms) ;  December  20,  1909;  hrd. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41386,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41387,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  form  of  the  mouth  shields  is  slightly  different  from 
that  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  described  and  figured,  and  the  sides  of 
these  shields  show  a  rather  deep  notch  corresponding  to  the  bottom 
of  the  genital  slits.  I  include  a  photograph  of  the  ventral  surface 
of  a  specimen  from  station  5256. 

OPHIURA  MITESCENS,  new  species. 

Plate  81,  figs.  7-9. 

Locality. — Hakodate. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41200,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  14  mm.;  the  arms  are 
broken  off  rather  near  the  base,  and  they  are  only  preserved  for  a 
very  short  distance. 


384  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  with  the  sides  rounded,  and  its  form  is 
slightly  oval.  The  dorsal  surface  is  plane  and  the  ventral  slightly 
convex ;  the  dorsal  surface  is  strongly  notched  at  the  base  of  the  arms. 
It  is  covered  with  extremely  numerous  small  plates,  which  are  slightly 
imbricated  and  of  which  the  outlines  are  more  or  less  obscured  by  a 
thin  integument.  There  may  be  distinguished  a  dorso- central  plate 
which  is  rounded  and  slightly  larger  than  those  adjacent,  and,  far 
removed  from  it  and  almost  equidistant  from  the  center  and  from 
the  periphery  of  the  disk,  five  primary  radials  scarcely  larger  than 
the  other  plates,  which,  however,  may  be  recognized  by  their  slightly 
darker  color  and  their  rounded  form.  All  the  other  plates,  which 
are  very  small,  are  subequal ;  but  they  become  slightly  larger  in  the 
vicinity  of  -the  radial  shields.  These  are  small,  irregularly  tri- 
angular, almost  as  long  as  broad,  divergent,  and  separated  outwardly 
by  a  single  row  of  plates ;  their  length  is  about  equivalent  to  a  sixth 
or  a  seventh  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  radial  papillae  are  large, 
elongated,  slightly  flattened,  and  rounded  at  the  tip;  they  maintain 
the  same  width  over  their  whole  length. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  numerous  imbri- 
cated and  equal  plates  which  are  smaller  than  those  on  the  dorsal 
surface.  The  genital  plates  are  narrow  and  scarcely  evident;  the 
genital  slits  are  elongated  and  narrow.  The  radial  papillae  which 
I  described  above  occur  only  on  the  dorsal  side,  and  they  disappear 
on  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  such  a  way  that  the  borders  of 
the  genital  slits  are  without  papillae  except  at  the  proximal  end, 
where  a  few  may  be  found  which,  however,  are  inconstant. 

The  mouth  shields,  almost  as  long  as  broad,  are  pentagonal  with 
a  rather  open  proximal  angle ;  the  two  sides  are  straight  and  notched 
toward  their  proximal  third  by  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slits ;  they 
pass  over  by  very  rounded  angles  into  the  distal  border,  which  is 
convex.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  narrow  and  much  elongated. 
The  oral  plates  are  narrower  than  the  adoral,  and  especially  are 
shorter.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  four  in  number;  the  three 
outermost  are  obtuse  and  rectangular ;  and  the  last  is  more  elongated 
and  pointed ;  the  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  larger  and  conical. 

The  arms  are  flattened.  The  three  first  upper  arm  plates,  included 
within  the  incisions  of  the  disk,  are  small  and  short.  The  following 
plates  are  very  large,  quadrangular,  very  much  broader  than  long, 
with  the  angles  rounded  and  the  sides  convex;  their  width  becomes 
progressively  reduced  and  they  soon  become  as  broad  as  long;  they 
are  very  broadly  in  contact. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  large,  almost  hexagonal,  with  a  broad 
proximal  side  and  a  narrower  distal  side  which  is  notched  in  the 
middle;  the  sides  are  formed  by  the  union  of  two  small,  straight  bor- 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      385 

ders,  forming  with  each  other  a  very  obtuse  angle.  The  second  plate 
is  quadrangular,  broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal  border  nar- 
now;  the  distal  border,  which  is  very  broad  and  convex,  is  itself 
composed  of  two  narrow  sides  united  by  a  very  obtuse  angle.  The 
following  plates  become  triangular,  very  much  broader  than  long, 
with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle,  very  strongly  divergent  sides,  and 
a  convex  distal  border.  They  are  at  first  in  contact  beyond  the  disk, 
becoming  separated  by  a  narrow  interval.  The  side  arm  plates  carry 
four  spines  on  the  first  segments  and  only  three  on  those  following. 
These  spines  are  rather  long,  and  their  length  increases  from  the 
first  ventral,  which  is  half  as  long  as  the  segment,  to  the  dorsal,  the 
length  of  which  equals  almost  that  of  the  segment.  These  spines 
are  much  flattened  and  rather  strongly  broadened  in  their  mid-region, 
with  the  tip  rounded. 

The  tentacle  pores  of  the  first  pair  are  very  large,  and  their  proxi- 
mal end  is  very  close  to  the  mouth ;  they  show  on  either  border  four 
or  five  very  large  scales.  The  two  pairs  of  pores  following  are  still 
fairly  well  developed ;  the  pores  of  the  second  pair  have  three  scales 
on  the  outer  border  and  two  on  the  inner ;  the  pores  of  the  third  pair 
have  two  scales  on  each  side.  The  pores  of  the  fourth  pair  have 
only  a  single  scale  on  each  border,  and  beyond  this  the  pores,  which 
become  very  much  smaller,  show  only  a  single  proximal  scale,  very 
much  more  reduced  than  the  neighboring  spine. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  brownish  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiura  mitescens  is  espe- 
cially close  to  O.  flagellata  (Lyman)  and  to  0.  palliata  (Lyman)  in 
regard  to  the  length  of  the  arm  spines  and  the  characters  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk,  which  are  very  numerous,  with  poorly  marked 
outlines.  The  radial  papillae  are  longer  and  less  numerous  than  in 
O.  palUata,  in  which  they  are  very  fine  and  very  pointed,  and  the 
tentacle  pores  are  continued  less  far  than  in  that  species;  the  arm 
spines  are  broader  and  more  flattened.  In  O.  flagellata  the  radial 
papillae  are  usually  elongated  and  pointed,  the  arm  spines  are  conical 
and  also  very  pointed,  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms  is  carinate,  and 
the  under  arm  plates  are  shorter;  furthermore,  the  arms  of  O.  flagel- 
lata are  very  much  more  broadened  than  those  of  O.  mitescens.  The 
new  species  differs  still  more  from  O.  bathy~bia  (H.  L.  Clark),  from 
the  Bering  Sea,  in  which  the  three  arm  spines  are  pointed  and  the 
dorsal  is  larger  than  the  two  others ;  the  radial  shields  are  extremely 
elongated  and  narrow,  the  radial  papillae  are  pointed,  and  spines 
occur  on  both  surfaces  of  the  disk,  structures  which  are  entirely 
lacking  in  O.  mitescens. 

Ophiura  mitescens  also  shows  affinities  with  0.  fluctuant ,  which  I 
described  above.  It  is  easily  distinguished  from  it  by  its  very  broad- 
ened arm  spines,  maintaining  almost  the  same  width  throughout 
55269— 22— Bull.  100 25 


386  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

their  whole  length  and  rounded  at  the  tip,  while  these  are  conical 
and  very  pointed  in  O.  fluctuans;  the  radial  papillae  are  also  rounded 
at  the  tip  and  not  pointed,  and  the  upper  arm  plates  have  the  lateral 
angles  rounded  instead  of  being  sharp  as  in  O.  finctuam. 

OPHIURA  SARSII  Lutken. 

Plate  84,  figs.  10,  11. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiura  sarsii  GEIEG  ('07),  p.  15. — SUSSBACH  and  BEECKNER  ('11),  p. 
248.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  37.— MORTENSEN  ('13),  p.  348.— MATSUMOTO 
('15).— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  323.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  272,  fig.  74. 

Ophioglypha  sarsii  KCEHLER   ('09),  p.  155;    ('14),  p.  23. 

Locality. — Hakodate. 

Fifteen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40992,  41163,  U.S.N.M.). 
Notes. — These  specimens  are  not  of  large  size,  and  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  scarcely  reaches  15  mm.  in  the  largest. 

HOMALOPHIURA  INFLATA  (Keehler). 

Plate  84,  figs.  2,  3. 

Ophioglypha  inflata  KCEHLEB  ('96),  p.  288,  pi.  5,  figs.  10,  11;   ('99),  p.  10, 

pi.  11,  figs.  83-85. 

Ophioglypha  nana  LUTKEN  and  MORTENSEN  ('99),  p.  126,  pi.  2,  figs.  1O-12. 
Ophiura  inflata  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  81. 
Ophiura  nana  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  81. 

Homalophiura  inflata  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  326.— MATSUMOTO  ('17).  p.  267. 
Homalophiura  nana  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  327. — MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  267. 

Locality. —Albatross  station  5660;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa  bearing 
S.  88°  W.,  37.99  kilometers  (20.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  36'  30"  S., 
long.  120°  49'  00"  E.) ;  1,266  meters  (692  fathoms) ;  December  20, 
1909  ;gy.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41165,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  single  individual  measures  4.5  mm.  in  the  diameter 
of  the  disk. 

The  study  which  I  have  been  able  to  make  of  this  species  has 
convinced  me  that  the  species  of  Ophiura,  described  by  Lutken  and 
Mortensen  under  the  name  of  Ophioglypha  nana,  is  quite  identical 
with  my  O.  inflata,  described  three  years  previously;  this  specific 
name,  therefore,  must  be  used. 

The  Albatross  specimen  is,  like  all  the  others  known,  of  very  small 
size,  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  4.5  mm. ;  the  arms,  which 
are  very  slender,  may  reach  15  mm.  in  length.  The  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  more  numerous  and  smaller  than  in 
my  type,  and  than  in  the  O.  nana  described  by  Lutken  and  Morten- 
sen.  The  upper  arm  plates  are  much  elongated,  very  much  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  distal  border  almost  straight;  the  first  under 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      387 

arm  plate  is  triangular,  elongated,  with  the  distal  border  slightly 
convex ;  its  outline  agrees  better  with  the  figure  which  I  published  in 
1896  ('96,  pi.  5,  fig.  11)  than  with  that  of  Liitken  and  Mortensen 
('99,  pi.  2,  fig.  10).  The  second  under  arm  plate  is  triangular  and 
almost  equilateral.  The  following  become  very  much  broadef  than 
long;  all  have  the  distal  border  almost  straight,  or  only  slightly 
convex. 

The  Albatross  specimen  is  slightly  deformed  and  it  seems  to  have 
suffered  a  flattening  on  the  dorsal  surface,  which  has  affected  un- 
equally the  different  portions  of  this  surface. 

The  type,  from  the  Investigator  collection,  was  captured  off  Co- 
lombo, Ceylon,  at  a  depth  of  1,092  meters  (597  fathoms).  Liitken 
and  Mortensen 's  O.  nana  came  from  the  Pacific  and  was  dredged  off 
Panama  in  1,650  meters  (902  fathoms). 

HOMALOPHIURA  INORNATA   (layman). 

Plate  82,  fig.  9. 

Ophioglypha  inomata  LYMAN  ('78),  p.  97,  pi.  2,  figs.  2G.  27;  ('82),  p.  73, 
pi.  3,  figs.  10-12.— KCEHLEB  ('07),  p.  294;  ('07a),  p.  262;  ('14),  p.  18. 

Ophioglypha  divisa  LUTKEN  and  MORTENSEN  ('99),  p.  127,  pi.  4,  figs.  10-12; 
•  It  pi.  5,  figs.  1,  2.— KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  40. 

Ophiura  inomata  MATSUMOTO  ('15),  p.  81. 

Hotnalophiura  inornata  H,  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  326. — MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p. 
266. 

Homalophiura  divisa  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  2G7. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5444 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Ber- 
nardino Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island, 
bearing  S.  65°  E.,  9.45  kilometers  (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  43'  51" 
N.,  long.  124°  58'  50"  E.) ;  563  meters  (308  fathoms) ;  June  3,  1909; 
gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41077,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5445 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay ;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  56°  E., 
9.82  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44'  42"  N.,  long.  124° 
59'  50"  E.) ;  701  meters  (383  fathoms)  ;  June  3,  1909;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41340,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5618;  Molucca  Passage;  March  Island  bearing  S. 
69°  E.,  14.45  kilometers  (7.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  37'  00"  N.,  long. 
127°  15'  00"  E.);  762  meters  (417  fathoms);  November  27,  1909; 
gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41339,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5619;  Molucca  Passage;  Mareh  Island  (S.)  bear- 
ing S.  78°  E.,  12.97  kilometers  (7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  35'  00"  N., 
long.  127°  14'  40"  E.)  ;  796  meters  (435  fathoms)  ;  November  27, 
1909;fne.gy.  S,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41076,  U.S.N.M.). 


388  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  9  mm.  and  16  mm. 
All  the  upper-arm  plates  are  very  regularly  divided  into  two  equal 
halves  by  a  longitudinal  groove  which  sometimes  bifurcates  toward 
the  middle  of  the  plate.  In  the  specimens  from  station  5444  the 
mouth*  shields  are  entire,  except  in  one,  in  which  the  proximal  region 
is  separated  from  the  rest  by  an  oblique  groove,  and  the  large  inter- 
radial  plate  which  follows  the  mouth  shield  is  divided  into  two  parts 
in  three  interradii.  In  the  two  specimens  from  station  5618  all  the 
mouth  shields  are  broken  up  into  at  least  three  fragments;  but  in 
the  largest  specimen,  which  is  from  station  5445,  neither  the  mouth 
shields  nor  the  plates  which  follow  them  are  fragmented. 

I  have  already  emphasized  at  different  times  ('04,  p.  40;  '07a,  p. 
262;  '14,  p.  18)  the  extent  of  the  variations  shown  by  0.  inornata, 
the  geographical  range  of  which  is  very  great.  It  has  been  met  with 
in  the  three  great  oceans — the  Atlantic,  the  Indian,  and  the  Pacific. 
In  the  Atlantic  the  Challenger  found  it  in  1°  N.  latitude,  24°  W.  lon- 
gitude, in  3,384  meters  (1,850  fathoms),  and  the  Albatross  in  11°  N. 
latitude,  58°  W.  longitude,  in  1,069  meters  (880  fathoms).  In  the 
Indian  Ocean  the  Siboga  found  it  at  different  stations  in  the  Sunda 
Archipelago  between  470  and  1,264  meters  (260  to  693  fathoms).  In 
the  Pacific  the  Albatross  dredged  it  between  0°-2°  N.  latitude  and 
90°-92°  W.  longitude,  2,175  to  2,487  meters  (1,189  to  1,360  fathoms). 

OPHIOCTEN  HASTATUM  Lyman. 

Ophiocten  hastatum  LYMAN  ('78),  p.  103,  pi.  5,  figs.  133,  134;  ('82),  p.  82, 
pi.  9,  figs.  10,  11.— KCEHLEB  ('98),  p.  42,  pi.  7,  figs.  32,  33;  ('09),  p.  165; 
('14),  p.  37.— H.  L.  CLABK  ('15),  p.  328. 

Ophiocten  pacificism  LUTKEN  and  MOKTENSEN  ('99),  p.  131,  pi.  3,  figs.  5-7.— 
H.  L.  CLABK  ('11),  p.  96;  ('15),  p.  328. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5080;  off  southern  Japan;  Omai  Said 
Light  bearing  N.  23J°  E.,  51.89  kilometers  (28  miles)  distant  (lat. 
34°  10'  30"  N.,  long.  138°  40'  00"  E.) ;  923  meters  (505  fathoms) ; 
October  19,  1906 ;  fne.  gy.  S.,  Glob. 

One  very  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40932,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  certainly  see  no  reason  for  separating  from  Ophiocten 
hastatwn  O.  pacificum,  which  Liitken  and  Mortensen  described  in 
1899  from  specimens  collected  at  numerous  stations  between  0°-7° 
N.  latitude  and  78°-86°  W.  longitude,  at  depths  varying  from  1,408 
to  1,877  meters  (770  to  1,573  fathoms). 

Ophiocten  hastatum  was  met  with  in  different  localities  in  the 
North  Atlantic  by  the  HirondelU  and  the  Princesse-Alice  between 
33o_4o°  N.  latitude  and  9°-30°  W.  longitude,  at  depths  between  1,674 
and  1,900  meters  (917  to  1,040  fathoms).  The  Albatross  captured  it 
between  30°-42°  N.  latitude  and  50°-79°  W.  longitude,  in  219  to  805 
meters  (120  to  440  fathoms).  H.  L.  Clark  records  the  species  (under 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      389 

the  name  of  O.  pacificum)  from  many  localities  between  45°-51°  N. 
latitude  and  124°-130°  W.  longitude,  as  well  as  between  34°-45° 
N.  latitude  and  137°-139°  E.  longitude,  at  depths  of  916  to  1,602 
meters  (501  to  876  fathoms). 

The  specimens  of  O.  Kastatum  from  the  Challenger  collection 
which  served  Lyman  as  the  type  of  the  species  came  from  the  North 
Atlantic  in  37°  N.  latitude  and  25°  W.  longitude,  and  therefore 
from  localities  very  close  to  those  where  the  Princes se- Alice  redis- 
covered it,  from  the  southern  part  of  the  Indian  Ocean  (46°  S. 
latitude  and  45°  E.  longitude),  and  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  (40°  S. 
latitude  and  177°  E.  longitude).  Ophiocten  Jiastatum  therefore  has 
a  very  extensive  geographical  and  bathymetric  distribution. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  ALTUM  Kcehler. 

Plate  80,  figs.  6,  7,  12. 

Ophiomusium  altum  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  57,  pi.  10,  figs.  2-4. — H.  L.  CLAEK 
(15),  p.  333. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5668;  Macassar  Strait;  Mamuju 
Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  19.64  kilometers  (10.6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  2°  28'  15"  S.,  long.  118°  49'  00"  E.) ;  1,648  meters  (901 
fathoms) ;  December  29,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40921,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimen  is  almost  of  the  same  size  as  that  upon  which 
I  established  the  species,  and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  barely  reaches 
5  mm. ;  the  arms  are  preserved  for  a  greater  or  lesser  part  of  their 
length,  and  one  of  them,  which  is  complete,  measures  15  mm. ;  they 
are  very  slender. 

I  find  in  this  specimen  all  the  essential  characters  of  0.  altum,  and 
I  notice  only  slight  differences  in  the  outlines  of  some  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk.  The  primary  rosette  is  a  little  irregular,  one  of 
the  five  radials  being  replaced  by  two  plates.  The  two  small  inter- 
radial  plates  which  separate  these  primary  radials  are  triangular, 
sometimes  in  contact  by  their  apices,  sometimes  slightly  separated 
from  each  other;  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  in  contact 
for  at  least  three-quarters  of  their  length  and  the  plate  which  sepa- 
rates them  inwardly,  instead  of  being  elongated,  is  triangular  and 
scarcely  longer  than  broad.  I  can  distinguish  a  few  small  papillae 
along  the  very  short  genital  slits. 

The  type  of  OpMomusium  altum  was  discovered  by  the  Siboga  in 
4°  S.  latitude  and  118°  E.  longitude  (Straits  of  Macassar)  at  a 
depth  of  2,029  meters  (1,110  fathoms). 

OPHIOMUSIUM  ARMATUM,  new  species. 

Plate  89,  figs.  8-10. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5428;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity; 
30th  of  June  Island  bearing  N.  62°  W.,  36.14  kilometers  (19.5  miles) 


390  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

distant   (lat.  9°   13'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  51'  15"  E.)  ;  2,021  meters 
(1,105  fathoms) ;  April  3, 1909;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40923,  40924,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  14  mm. ;  the  arms  are  all 
incomplete. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  with  the  borders  concave  and  the  angles 
pass  imperceptibly  into  the  arms.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with 
numerous  plates  of  medium  size  which  are  fairly  uniform  and 
slightly  imbricated.  The  dorso-central  plate  is  a  little  larger  than 
those  adjacent,  but  it  is  scarcely  distinguishable  from  them,  and  the 
primary  radials  can  not  be  recognized.  On  the  border  of  the  disk 
in  each  interradial  space  there  is  a  larger  plate  which  is  rounded  and 
transversely  broadened.  The  radial  shields  are  rather  large,  much 
elongated,  twice  or  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  triangular, 
with  the  angles  very  rounded  and  separated  throughout  their  whole 
length  by  a  broad  space  occupied  by  a  row  of  plates ;  the  length  of 
these  shields  is  slightly  less  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interbrachial  spaces  is  cov- 
ered by  rather  numerous  small  plates  fairly  uniform  in  size  and  im- 
bricated. The  genital  plates  are  very  narrow  and  elongated.  The 
genital  slits,  which  are  also  very  narrow,  extend  as  far  as  the  border 
of  the  disk,  and  they  are  furnished,  on  both  borders,  with  small,  low, 
and  rounded  papillae.  The  papillae  of  the  interradial  row  may  be 
continued  somewhat  toward  the  outer  border  of  the  radial  shields 
and  even  onto  the  border  of  the  disk,  and  some  of  them  may  elongate 
into  small  and  very  short  spines  which  may  even  occur  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  arms. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  as  long  as  broad,  or  a  little 
longer  than  broad.  They  show  a  triangular  principal  portion  which 
is  longer  than  broad  with  a  proximal  angle  and  very  convex  sides; 
the  lateral  angles  are  much  rounded.  This  part  is  followed  by  a 
quadrangular  and  somewhat  narrower  distal  lobe  terminated  by  a 
convex  border;  the  dividing  line  between  these  two  parts  is  marked 
by  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slit,  which  forms  a  slight  notch.  The 
adoral  plates  are  much  elongated,  extremely  narrow  in  the  part  ad- 
jacent to  the  mouth  shields,  which  represents  three-fifths  of  their 
length,  and  strongly  broadened  outwardly  in  such  a  way  as  to  sepa- 
rate the  mouth  shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate  over  a  very  con- 
siderable space  along  which  they  border  the  genital  slit ;  this  portion 
which  delimits  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slit  bears  a  row  of  papillae 
identical  with  those  along  the  rest  of  the  slit.  The  oral  plates  are 
large  and  high.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  six  and  sometimes 
seven  in  number;  the  first  is  rather  small  and  quadrangular,  the  sec- 
ond is  also  quadrangular,  but  very  much  larger,  and  the  following 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     391 

are  elongated  and  become  smaller  and  smaller,  except  for  the  last 
which  is  a  little  larger  than  the  preceding;  the  unpaired  terminal  pa- 
pilla is  larger  than  those  on  either  side,  and  conical. 

The  two  first  upper  arm  plates  are  short  and  transversely  broad- 
ened. The  first  is  quadrangular,  and  the  second,  which  is  in  con- 
tact with  the  first,  is  triangular  with  a  distal  angle.  The  following 
plates  are  small,  lozenge-shaped,  lonirer  than  broad,  and  widely  sepa- 
rated; they  become  smaller  and  smaller,  although  they  persist 
throughout  the  whole  preserved  portion  of  the  arms. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  very  small,  pentagonal,  a  little  broader 
than  long;  the  three  following  are  large,  triangular,  with  a  sharp 
proximal  angle,  the  sides  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pore,  and  the 
distal  border  slightly  convex.  The  second  plate  is  almost  in  contact 
with  the  third,  and  the  fourth  is  separated  from  the  preceding.  Be- 
yond the  disk  the  plates  become  very  much  smaller,  and  they  are 
widely  separated ;  they  are  triangular,  a  little  broader  than  long,  but 
they  persist  throughout  the  whole  preserved  portion  of  the  arms. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  at  first  six  small  and  short  spines,  the 
number  then  falling  to  five,  and  later  to  four. 

The  tentacle  pores  number  three  pairs ;  those  of  the  first  pair  are 
very  large  and  resemble  those  of  an  Ophiura;  they  carry  three  large 
scales  on  each  of  their  borders.  The  two  following  pores  are  still 
very  large ;  those  of  the  second  pair  have  two  or  three  internal  scales, 
and  one  or  two  external  scales ;  those  of  the  third  pair  have  two  in- 
ternal and  one  external  scales. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  yellowish. 
Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiowiusium  armatum  is 
especially  close  to  O.  drmigerum  Lyman ;  it  is  distinguished  from  it 
by  having  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  more  uniform,  without  the 
least  indication  of  primary  plates,  by  having  the  radial  shields 
smaller,  by  having  the  upper  arm  plates  also  smaller,  by  the  slightly 
different  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  by  the  development  of  the  ten- 
tacle pores,  especially  those  of  the  first  pair,  as  well  as  by  the  number 
of  scales  which  they  bear  on  each  border,  and  by  having  the  arm 
spines  slightly  more  numerous. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  ELEGANS  Kcehler. 

Plate  88,  figs.  1-9. 

Ophiomusium  elegans  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  305,  pi.  6,  figs.  22,  23;  ('99),  p.  23, 
pi.  3,  figs.  22-24;   ('04),  p.  66.— H.  L.  CLARK   ('15),  p.  334. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5127;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Sea,  in  the  vicinity 
of  southern  Panay;  Nogas  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  11°  30'  E.,  40.77 
kilometers  (22  miles)  distant  (lat.  10°  02'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  15" 
E.) ;  1,752  meters  (958  fathoms)  ;  February  4,  1908;  gy.  M.,  Glob. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40995,  40997,  U.S.N.M.). 


392  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Albatross  station  5428;  Eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity;  30th  of 
June  Island  bearing  N.  62°  W.,  36.14  kilometers  (19.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  9°  13'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  51'  15"  E.) ;  2,021  meters  (1,105 
fathoms)  ;  April  3,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40998,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5605;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Island 
(W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.93  kilometers  (5.9  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  21'  23"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.) ;  1,183  meters  (647  fathoms) ; 
November  16,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41000,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5623;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  88°  W.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  16'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  30'  00"  E.) ;  497  meters  (272 
fathoms) ;  November  29,  1909;  fne.  S.,  M. 

Eight  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40999,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5624 ;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands ;  Mak- 
yan Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  67°  W.,  16.49  kilometers  (8.9  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  0°  12'  15"  N.,  long.  127°  29'  30"  E.) ;  527  meters  (288 
fathoms) ;  November  29,  1909;  fne.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40996, 'iJ.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  specimens  from  the  three  first  stations  are  the  smallest, 
and  the  diameter  of  the  disk  scarcely  exceeds  10  mm. ;  in  those  from 
station  5623  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  10  and  18  mm. ; 
this  last  dimension  is  also  found  in  the  single  example  from  sta- 
tion 5624. 

In  these  different  specimens  I  find  some  interesting  variations.  I 
may  recall  that  the  principal  characters  on  which  I  established  the 
species  in  1896  are  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields,  the  existence  of 
small  radial  papillae  outside  of  the  radial  shields,  papillae  which  are 
continued  over  the  two  borders  of  the  genital  slits,  the  presence  of 
three  pairs  of  tentacle  pores,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk.  My  original  specimens,  three  in  number,  came 
from  the  Laccadive  and  Andaman  Islands,  and  the  diameter  of  their 
disks  varied  between  11  and  13  mm.  The  series  collected  by  the  Al- 
batross is  more  numerous,  and  includes  larger  specimens,  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  reaching  18  mm.  I  show  on  plate  83,  as  figures  5,  6,  the 
two  surfaces  of  a  large  sized  specimen  from  station  5623;  and  in 
figure  9  the  ventral  surface  of  the  specimen  from  station  5624, 
which  has  the  same  dimensions.  Two  smaller  individuals,  from  sta- 
tions 5428  and  5127,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  be- 
tween 10  and  11  mm.,  are  shown  in  figures  1,  2. 

In  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  I  do  not  find  any  important  differ- 
ences; on  the  small  individuals  I  always  notice  in  the  interradial 
spaces  the  three  large  tandem  plates,  which  I  showed  in  1896  (fig. 2),, 
but  in  the  large  ones  there  are  only  two  plates  (fig.  5).  In  these- 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      393 

large  specimens  the  radial  papillae  usually  appear  as  small  rounded 
granules,  forming  a  little  more  or  less  important  clump  on  each 
side  of  the  base  of  the  arms  (figs.  7,  8).  Sometimes  these  granules 
elongate  somewhat,  especially  on  reaching  the  ventral  surface,  but 
in  the  small  specimens  the  papillae  are  very  much  longer,  and  they 
even  elongate  in  such  a  way  as  to  form  true  spines  (figs.  2,  3,  £)-.  — 

More  important  variations  are  found  in  the  mouth  shields.  In  my 
type  these  shields  are  lanceolate,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  a  sharp 
proximal  angle.  This  is  the  form  which  they  have  in  all  the  speci- 
mens from  station  5623;  but  in  that  from  station  5624,  which  is  of 
large  size,  these  shields  are  shorter  and  very  much  broader ;  they  are 
not  even  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  proximal  angle  is 
obtuse  or  even  rounded  (fig.  9).  A  similar  form  is  seen  in  the  small 
specimens  from  stations  5127,  5428,  and  5605  (fig.  1)  ;  but  in  these 
specimens  they  are  more  elongated  than  in  the  large  individual  from 
station  5624;  the  proximal  angle  is  rather  sharp,  and  they  are  at 
least  half  again  as  long  as  broad. 

I  find  also  some  differences  in  the  arm  spines,  which  may  be  four 
in  number  at  the  base  of  the  arms. 

The  tentacle  scales  are  usually  larger  and  more  important  than  I 
described  them  in  1896 ;  I  then  indicated  only  one  large  tentacle  scale, 
but  I  have  found  on  the  Albatross  specimens  that  in  addition  to  a 
large  tentacle  scale  which  occupies  the  proximal  border  of  the  pore 
there  may  be  present  two  or  even  three  small  scales  on  the  distal 
border.  When  the  pores  are  contracted  these  distal  scales  may  not  be 
apparent,  and  it  is  doubtless  this  which  occurred  on  the  Investigator 
specimens;  but  I  always  find  them  on  those  from  the  Albatross  col- 
lection, even  in  small  specimens  like  that  in  figure  1.  In  the  large 
specimens  of  which  photographs  are  given  in  figures  6  and  9  it  may 
happen  also  that  the  proximal  scale  is  divided  into  two  or  three  small 
scales.  The  tentacle  pores  are  rather  large,  especially  those  of  the 
first  pair,  and  their  size  decreases  progressively  to  that  of  the  third 
pair. 

Because  of  the  variations  to  which  0.  elegans  is  subject  I  have 
reexamined  the  specimens  on  which  in  1896  I  established  O.  famttiare, 
a  species  which  is  rather  close  to  O.  elegans ;  but  the  comparison 
between  these  specimens  and  the  O.  elegans  collected  by  the  Albatross 
has  confirmed  the  validity  of  the  first  species,  which  is  abundantly 
distinct  from  the  second.  The  arm  spines  of  O.  familiare  are  five  in 
number,  and  sometimes  I  find  six  of  them  at  the  base  of  the  arms  in 
the  large  individuals ;  the  two  first  ventral  spines  are  somewhat  closer 
together,  and  they  form  a  small  distinct  group  while  four  others 
follow  at  regular  intervals  along  the  distal  border  of  the  side  arm 
plate.  The  largest  number  of  arm  spines  which  I  find  in  the  large 
specimens  of  O.  elegans  is  four,  and  the  normal  number  is  three. 


394  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  radial  shields  in  0.  familiare  are  always  more  rounded  and  less 
elongated  than  in  O.  elegans.  The  small  radial  granules  are  less 
numerous  and  less  evident,  and  I  have  never  seen  them  elongate  into 
small  spines  as  sometimes  occurs  in  O.  elegans.  The  mouth  shields 
are  shorter  and  smaller  in  O  familiare,  and  they  always  have  the 
form  which  I  described  and  figured  in  1896.  A  last  difference,  which 
I  did  not  mention  in  1896,  is  afforded  by  the  tentacle  pores  which,  in 
O.  familiare,  are  smaller  and  always  covered  by  a  single  oval  scale, 
while  in  0.  elegans,  as  I  have  said  above,  there  may  be  one  or  two 
scales  on  each  border,  and  sometimes  there  may  even  be  three ;  these 
pores  also  are  appreciably  larger  in  this  last  species  and  their  size 
decreases  from  the  first  to  the  third. 

I  consider  0.  jolliensis,  which  MacClendon  described  and  figured 
in  1909  ('09,  p.  36)  and  of  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  given  a  more  de- 
tailed description  and  figures  (11,  p.  Ill)  also  as  a  species  near  O. 
elegans.  It  may  be  asked  why  MacClendon  has  written  "  jolliensis  '- 
and  not  "jollieme; "  H.  L.  Clark  has  also  written  "jolliensis"  but 
Matsumoto  ('17,  p.  291)  corrected  it  and  placed  the  word  in  the  neuter 
gender.  H.  L.  Clark  approximates  O.  jolliense  with  O.  cancellatum, 
O.  armigerum,  and  0.  ebumeum,  without  mentioning  0.  elegans  and 
O.  familiare,  but  I  find  that  its  affinities  with  these  two  last  species, 
and  particularly  with  0.  elegans,  are  especially  close.  To  judge  from 
H.  L.  Clark's  description  and  figures,  it  seems,  however,  to  be  distinct ; 
the  radial  papillae  are  more  numerous  and  more  developed,  the 
tentacle  pores  are  more  reduced  and  usually  provided  with  a  single 
scale,  the  arm  spines  do  not  exceed  three  in  number,  and  on  a  speci- 
men in  which  the  disk  is  only  10  mm.  in  diameter  there  are  only  two. 
The  form  of  the  mouth  shields  in  0.  jolliense  is  quite  similar  to  that 
which  is  found  in  typical  O.  elegans,  as  well  as  in  0.  familiare,  and 
H.  L.  Clark  does  not  mention  any  variations  in  their  form. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  FACETUM,  new  species. 

Plate  91,  figs.  1-5. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5114;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  36°  E.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  36'  11"  N.,  long.  120°  45'  26"  E.) ;  622  meters 
(340  fathoms) ;  January  20,  1908;  fne.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41371,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5124;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Point  Origon  (N.) 
bearing  S.  56°  E.,  39.45  kilometers  (20.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  52' 
00"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  30"  E.) ;  513  meters  (281  fathoms) ;  February 
2,  1908 ;  sf t.  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41355,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5127;  Sulu  (Jolo)  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  south- 
ern Panay;  Nogas  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  11°  30'  E., '40.77  kilo- 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     395 

meters  (22  miles)  distant  (lat.  10°  02'  45*'  N.,  long.  121°  48'  15"  E.) ; 
1,752  meters  (958  fathoms) ;  February  4,  1908;  gy.  M.  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41370,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5263;  off  eastern  Mindoro;  Point  Origon  bearing 
N.  85°  E.,  52.45  kilometers  (28.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  38'  30"  N., 
long.  121°  37'  30"  E.) ;  June  4, 1908. 

One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N.,  long. 
121°  11'  00"  E.)  ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms) ;  March  31, 1909;  gy.  M., 
co.  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41372,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5429;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity;  Fondeado 
Island  (SE.)  bearing  N.  18°  E.,  27.80  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  41'  30"  N.,  long.  118°  50'  22"  E.) ;.  1,401  meters  (766  fath- 
oms) ;  April  5,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen. 

Description. — I  shall  describe  the  species  especially  from  the  speci- 
men from  station  5127,  of  which  I  show  the  ventral  surface  on  plate 
91  as  figure  2,  and  from  the  largest  specimen  from  station  5423,  the 
dorsal  surface  of  which  is  shown  in  figure  3.  In  the  latter  the  diam- 
eter of  the  disk  is  20  mm.,  and  one  of  the  arms,  which  is  preserved 
for  almost  its  entire  length,  reaches  almost  80  mm.;  in  the  other 
specimen  from  the  same  station,  which  is  identical  with  it,  the  diam- 
eter of  the  disk  is  13  mm.  only.  In  the  specimen  from  station  5127 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  17  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  broken  off 
rather  close  to  the  base.  The  largest  specimen  is  that  from  station 
5263,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches  23  mm. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  with  the  sides  straight ;  the  dorsal  surface 
is  plane  and  the  ventral  surface  is  slightly  convex;  the  borders  are 
rounded. 

The  arms  are  rather  narrow,  almost  cylindrical,  with  the  ventral 
surface  slightly  flattened ;  they  measure  3.5  mm.  in  width  at  the  base 
in  the  specimen  from  station  5127. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  shows  a  circular  central  region 
bounded  by  the  rounded  apices  of  the  radial  shields,  which  are  very 
large  and  covered  with  numerous  subequal,  small,  and  nonimbricated 
plates,  among  which  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  the  least  indica- 
tion of  primary  plates.  In  the  interradial  spaces  and  between  the 
two  shields  of  each  pair  the  plates  become  larger.  In  the  radial 
spaces  there  is  only  to  be  distinguished  a  single  row  of  three  or  four 
tandem  plates,  of  which  the  proximal  is  more  elongated  than  the 
others.  In  the  interradial  spaces  there  is  a  large  triangular  plate 
almost  as  broad  as  long  or  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  a  proximal 


396  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

apex;  this  plate  occupies  the  whole  interradial  space  between  the 
radial  shields  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  Beyond  it  there  is  only 
to  be  seen  the  upper  border  of  the  large  interradial  plate,  which 
occupies  the  whole  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  beyond  the  mouth 
shields,  with,  on  either  side,  one  or  two  very  small  plates.  The  radial 
shields  are  extremely  large,  triangular,  with  a  rounded  proximal 
apex,  a  straight  internal  border,  and  a  convex  external  border ;  they 
are  twice  as  long  as  broad  and  their  length,  which  exceeds  5  mm.,  is 
greater  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  These  shields  are  slightly 
divergent  and  broadly  separated  for  their  whole  length  by  the  plates 
which  I  have  mentioned  above.  Outside  of  the  radial  shields  are 
two  small  tandem  plates  which  on  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk 
adjoin  the  genital  plate. 

The  ventral  surface  outside  of  the  mouth  shield  shows  only  a 
single  large  plate  which  curves  upward  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk 
to  form  its  lateral  surfaces  and  of  which  the  end  is  visible  when  the 
animal  is  viewed  from  above.  This  plate  shows  a  straight  and  nar- 
row proximal  border  and  divergent  sides  uniting  by  a  very  rounded 
border  into  the  distal  side,  which  is  itself  rounded;  it  is  a  little 
broader  than  long.  On  either  side  of  its  distal  border  is  found  a 
small  intercalated  plate  which  with  its  fellow  contributes  to  reduce 
the  length  of  this  border.  It  sometimes  happens  also  that  still  an- 
other smaller  plate  appears  on  each  side  of  the  distal  border  of  the 
mouth  shield.  One  of  these  plates  is  seen  in  the  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5127,  of  which  a  photograph  is  given  in  figure  2,  but  in  two 
interradii  only,  while  in  the  two  specimens  from  station  5423  these 
small  plates  appear  almost  regularly  in  all  the  interradii;  in  the 
other  specimens  they  are  almost  always  absent.  The  genital  plate 
is  large,  elongated,  and  rather  broad.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow 
and  sinuous  and  end  at  the  distal  border  of  the  second  side  arm 
plate. 

The  mouth  shields  are  rather  large,  longer  than  broad,  pentago- 
nal, with  the  proximal  angle  almost  a  right  angle,  the  sides  at  first 
straight  and  parallel,  then  outwardly  incurved  in  such  a  way  that 
the  shield  broadens  gradually  to  beyond  the  middle ;  thence  the  sides 
become  straight  and  slightly  convergent,  and  they  join  the  straight 
distal  border  by  slightly  obtuse  angles.  The  adoral  plates  are  large, 
rather  long,  broadened  outwardly,  and  widely  in  contact  in  the  me- 
dian interradial  line.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular  and  high.  The 
lateral  mouth  papillae  are  six  in  number;  the  outermost  is  ex- 
tremely large  and  very  much  longer  than  broad,  but  the  others  are 
small,  rectangular,  or  square;  the  unpaired  terminal  papilla,  which 
is  a  little  stouter  than  those  on  either  side,  is  conical  and  pointed. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  small  and  very  short,  trapezoidal, 
with  the  distal  border  rounded.  The  following  remain  very  small 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     397 

and  widely  separated;  they  disappear  after  the  twelfth  segment. 
Their  form  is  triangular.  The  first  plate  is  a  little  more  developed 
than  those  following  and  is  longer  than  broad ;  the  others  are  very 
small,  as  long  as  broad,  or  even  a  little  broader  than  long. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  trapezoidal,  with  an  obtuse 
proximal  angle,  slightly  convergent  sides,  and  a  narrow  distal  border. 
The  two  following  are  large,  pentagonal,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
with  the  distal  border  almost  straight;  they  are  widely  separated. 
Beyond  this  the  ventral  plates  are  entirely  lacking. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  seven  spines  at  the  base  of  the  arms, 
and  beyond  only  six.  In  the  largest  specimen  from  station  5423  the 
spines  number  eight  at  the  base.  These  equal  spines  form  a  regular 
series  toward  the  distal  border  of  the  plate;  they  are  slightly  coni- 
cal and  rather  elongated,  with  the  point  rounded. 

The  tentacle  pores  number  two  pairs  only;  they  are  rather  large 
and  covered  each  with  a  single  oval  scale  larger  on  the  pores  of  the 
first  pair  than  on  those  of  the  second. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  yellowish. 

In  figure  1 1  show  the  specimen  from  station  5263,  which  is  larger 
than  the  others  and  more  robust ;  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  24  mm., 
and  the  arms  are  almost  5  mm.  in  width  at  the  base.  The  radial 
shields,  always  very  large,  have  the  proximal  angle  strongly 
rounded,  which  slightly  diminishes  their  length;  among  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk  some  may  be  distinguished  which  are  a  little 
larger  than  the  others,  and  six  of  these  without  doubt  represent  a 
primary  rosette  in  which  the  five  radials  are  widely  separated  from 
the  dorso-central.  There  may  be  as  many  as  nine  spines  at  the  base 
of  the  arms,  but  this  number  falls  quickly  to  eight  and  then  to  seven. 

The  specimen  from  station  5114  is  smaller  than  that  from  station 
5127 ;  the  diameter  of  its  disk  is  14.5  mm.  I  give  a  photograph  of  its 
dorsal  surface  in  figure  4.  This  specimen  shows  a  facies  somewhat 
different  from  that  of  the  others,  resulting  from  having  the  plates 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  all  slightly  swollen;  the  side  arm 
plates  are  also  a  little  more  swollen  than  usual.  The  plates  of  the 
central  region  of  the  disk  are  not  as  numerous  as  in  the  other  larger 
specimens:  this  is  also  the  case  in  the  small  specimen  from  station 
5423,  but  while  in  this  last  the  primary  radial  plates  are  rounded, 
here  they  are  broadly  oval  and  almost  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Fur- 
thermore, all  the  characters  of  the  species  are  well  marked,  and  there 
can  be  no  question  of  applying  another  name  to  this  individual. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomusium  facetuin  must  be 
placed  among  the  species  of  OpMomusivm  in  which  the  under  arm 
plates  are  not  continued  beyond  the  disk  and  which  possess  only  two 
pairs  of  tentacle  pores.  It  may  be  compared  with  O.  validum~Lym&i\. 


398  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

which  it  recalls  in  the  characters  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk, 
but  it  is  immediately  distinguished  from  it  by  the  more  numerous  arm 
spines  and  by  the  also  more  numerous  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk.  When 
the  arm  spines  reach  the  number  of  eight  or  nine  the  new  species 
might  be  confused  with  O.  lymani^  but  the  large  ventral  plate  which 
follows  the  mouth  shields,  and  which  almost  entirely  fills  the  inter- 
radial  space  between  the  genital  plates,  can  always  be  recognized  as 
well  as  the  perfectly  smooth  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  FACUNDUM,  new  sp«cies. 

Plate  89,  figs.  1,  2,  5,  6. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5114;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  36°  E.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  36'  11"  N.,  long.  120°  45'  26"  E.) ;  622  meters 
340  fathoms) ;  January  20,  1908 ;  f ne.  S. 
Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41361,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Malabrigo  Light 
bearing  N.  44°  W.,  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  12' 
45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'  45"  E.) ;  518  meters  (283  fathoms) ;  Febru- 
ary 2, 1908 ;  gn.  M. 
Three  specimens. 

Albatross  station  5124;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Point  Origon  (N.) 
bearing  S.  56°  E.,  38.45  kilometers  (20.75  miles)   distant  (lat,  12° 
52'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  30"  E.)  ;  514  meters  (281  fathoms) ;  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1908 ;  sf t.  gn.  M. 
One  specimen. 

Albatross  station  5202;  Sogod  Bay,  southern  Leyte  Island;  Lima- 
saua  Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  2°  E.,  30.95  kilometers  (16.7  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  10°  12'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  04'  10"  E.)  ;  918  meters  (502 
fathoms) ;  April  10,  1908 ;  gy.  M. 
One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41366,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5259 ;  off  northwestern  Panay ;  Caluya  Island  (S.) 
bearing  S.  73°  W.,  19.84  kilometers  (12  miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  57' 
SO"  N.,  long.  121°  42'  15"  E.) ;  571  meters  (312  fathoms)  ;  June  3. 
1908;  gy.  M.,  Glob. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41359,  41363,  U.S.N.M.). 
Albatross  station  5263 ;  off  eastern  Mindoro ;  Point  Origon  bearing 
N.  85°  E.,  54.45  kilometers  (28.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  38'  30"  N., 
long.  121°  37'  20"  E.)  ;  June  4,  1908. 
Two  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41369,  E.  58,  U.S.N.M.). 
Albatross  station  5282;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  southern 
Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  84°  W.,  11.49  kilometers 
(6.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  53'  00"  N.,  long.  120°  26'  45"  E.) ;  454 
meters  (248  fathoms) ;  July  18,  1908 ;  dk.  gy.  S. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     399 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41362,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5373;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  27.80  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  40'  00"  N.,long.  121°  31'  10"  E.) ;  618  meters  (338  fathoms)  ; 
March  2,  1909  ;sft.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41357,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5429;  off  eastern  Palawan;  Fondeado  Island 
(SE.)  bearing  N.  18°  E.  27.79  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
41'  30"  N.,  long.  118°  50'  22"  E.)  ;  1,400  meters  (766  fathoms) ; 
April  5,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41368,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5527 ;  between  Siquijor  and  Bohol  Islands,  Balica- 
sag  Island  (C.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  15.20  kilometers  (8.2  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat,  9°  22'  30"  N.,  long.  123°  42'  40"  E.) ;  717  meters  (392 
fathoms) ;  August  11,  1909;  glob.  Oz. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41365,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5538;  between  Negros  and  Siquijor;  Apo  Island 
(C.)  bearing  S.  64°  W.,  13.53  kilometers  (7.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
08'  15"  N.,  long.  123°  23'  20"  E.) ;  468  meters  (256  fathoms) ; 
August  19,  1909 ;  gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41364,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5623;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands; 
Makyan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  88°  W.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  16'  30"  N.,  long.  127°  30'  00"  E.) ;  497  meters  (272 
fathoms) ;  November  29,  1909;  fne.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen. 

No  locality. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41367,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — In  the  majority  of  these  specimens  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  usually  varies  between  15  mm.  and  18  mm. ;  the  specimen 
from  station  5623  is  very  much  larger  than  the  others,  and  the  diame- 
ter of  its  disk  reaches  27  mm.  Some  are  smaller ;  in  one  of  the  two 
from  station  5123  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  only  10  mm.,  and  in 
those  from  station  5527  this  diameter  varies  between  11  mm.  and 
14  mm. 

I  shall  describe  the  species  especially  from  the  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5378,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  18  mm. ;  its  arms  are 
not  complete;  I  include  two  photographs  of  it  (pi.  89,  figs.  1,  2). 
I  shall  mention  also  the  larger  individual  from  station  5259;  the 
diameter  of  its  disk  is  17  mm.;  three  of  its  arms,  which  are  pre- 
served for  almost  their  entire  length,  measure  from  60  mm.  to  65  mm. 

The  disk  is  rounded  and  the  dorsal  surface  is  almost  plane;  the 
ventral  surface  is  slightly  convex,  and  the  borders  are  rounded. 

The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  in  the  central  region  by  subequal 
polygonal  plates,  with  the  angles  rounded,  which  are  not  very  nu- 


400  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

merous;  in  the  specimen  from  station  5378  the  primary  plates  are 
not  recognizable,  but  in  others  there  occurs  a  more  or  less  distinct 
rosette  of  six  contiguous  and  equal  plates.  Among  the  other  plates 
there  may  be  distinguished  in  the  radial  spaces  a  series  of  three  plates 
separating  the  two  shields  of  each  pair;  the  first  is  elongated  and 
the  third  short  and  trapezoidal.  In  the  interradial  spaces  there  are 
two  tandem  elongated  plates,  the  first  a  little  the  shorter  and  pen- 
tagonal, the  second  trapezoidal  with  the  distal  border  broadened 
and  in  contact  with  the  dorsal  border  of  the  large  interradial  plate 
which  by  itself  covers  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  outside  of  the 
radial  shields;  a  small  part  of  this  plate  is  visible  when  the  animal 
is  viewed  from  the  dorsal  surface.  The  radial  shields  are  triangu- 
lar, with  the  apex  rounded,  slightly  divergent,  and  separated  for 
their  entire  length;  they  are  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  their 
length  is  equal  to  half  the  radius  of  the  disk.  All  these  plates  of 
the  dorsal  surface  are  covered  with  rounded  granules,  which  are 
slightly  flattened,  in  contact,  and  always  very  evident ;  these  granules 
also  occur  on  the  distal  portion  of  the  ventral  interradial  plate,  but 
they  disappear  on  the  ventral  surface,  properly  speaking,  of  this 
plate. 

This  large  ventral  plate  is  trapezoidal,  at  least  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  with  a  rather  narrow  straight  proximal  border,  sinuous  and 
strongly  divergent  lateral  borders,  and  a  slightly  rounded  distal  side 
which  reaches  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  this  plate,  which  is 
extremely  large,  covers  the  whole  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  beyond 
the  mouth  shield,  and  there  are  no  plates  intercalated  between  this 
and  the  genital  plate.  This  large  plate  is  smooth  over  the  greater 
part  of  its  surface,  and  the  granules  appear  abruptly  near  the  pe- 
riphery, forming  on  the  ventral  surface  only  three  or  four  succes- 
sive rows;  this  narrow  border  represents  the  only  portion  of  the 
ventral  surface  of  the  disk  which  is  granulated,  and  over  all  the 
rest  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  the  plates 
are  perfectly  smooth.  In  figure  5  I  give  a  photograph  of  this  plate 
and  of  the  neighboring  regions,  taken  obliquely  from  the  ventral 
side  in  order  to  show  not  only  the  disposition  of  these  granules,  but 
also  the  entire  extent  of  this  plate  in  the  interradial  area.  The 
genital  plates  are  elongated  and  broadened  at  the  level  of  the  point 
of  union  between  the  mouth  shields  and  the  large  interradial  plate, 
where  their  outlines  follow  a  very  obtuse  angle. 

Some  variation  may  be  found  in  the  development  of  the  granules 
which  cover  the  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  Some- 
times these  granules  are  much  flattened  and  consequently  only 
slightly  evident.  This  occurs,  for  instance,  in  the  largest  specimen 
from  station  5259,  and  the  granules  along  the  border  of  the  large 
ventral  interradial  plate  are  particularly  very  slightly  evident. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     401 

In  this  same  example  from  station  5259  I  find  a  peculiarity  which 
is  also  found  in  the  small  specimen  from  the  same  station  and  which 
I  have  not  found  in  any  other.  At  each  of  the  angles  of  the  distal 
border  of  the  mouth  shield  there  occurs  a  very  small  intercalated 
plate  which  causes  this  angle  to  be  somewhat  truncated.  This  plate 
is  very  constant  and  is  lacking  only  in  one  of  the  angles  of  the  mouth 
shield  of  the  large  specimen.  The  appearance  of  this  plate  is  not 
correlated  with  the  age  of  the  subject,  as  I  find  it  both  in  the  small 
and  in  the  large  specimen,  and  it  is  lacking  in  the  other  large  speci- 
mens. But  I  find  an  indication  of  it  in  the  form  of  two  very  small 
plates  in  the  specimen  from  station  5527. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  pentagonal, 
with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  bordered  by  straight  sides,  two  convex 
and  slightly  convergent  sides,  and  a  straight  distal  border.  The 
adoral  plates  are  large,  rather  short,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  much 
broadened  in  their  outer  half,  and  tapering  inwardly.  The  oral  plates 
are  triangular  and  high.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  six  in 
number;  they  are  large  and  rather  broad,  especially  the  outermost, 
which  is  very  highly  developed,  rectangular  in  form,  and  broader 
than  long;  the  four  following  are  almost  square,  and  the  last  is 
conical  and  pointed :  the  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is  slightly  stouter 
than  the  preceding. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  rectangular,  broader  than  long,  with 
the  distal  border  convex.  The  following  are  small,  triangular,  a 
little  broader  than  long,  and  their  size  decreases  very  rapidly ;  they 
are  all  widely  separated. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  pentagonal,  almost  as  broad  as 
long,  with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle.  The  two  following  are 
rather  large,  elongated,  pentagonal,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle; 
the}7  are  widely  separated ;  the  third  is  a  little  broader  than  the  sec- 
ond. Beyond  this  the  plates  become  extremely  small,  but  they  are 
continued  over  the  greater  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms. 

The  side  arm  plates  are  projecting  and  strongly  swollen  in  their 
distal  dorsal  region ;  they  are  covered  with  granules  similar  to  those 
of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  but  somewhat  less  evident;  these 
granules  soon  disappear;  and  they  are,  moreover,  very  unequally 
developed  in  different  specimens.  The  arm  spines  are  four  in  num- 
ber; the  two  first  form  a  small  group  close  to  the  ventral  border  of 
the  plate,  and  the  second  is  twice  as  broad  as  the  first ;  the  two  others, 
somewhat  separated  from  each  other  and  from  the  small  group 
formed  by  the  two  preceding,  are  smaller  and  thinner;  they  are  at 
first  some  distance  from  the  distal  border  of  the  plate  on  the  first 
arm  segments,  then  little  by  little  they  approach  that  border.  I  some- 
times find  at  the  base  of  the  arms  three  ventral  spines  instead  of 
only  two. 

55269— 22— Bull.  100 26 


402  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  single  tentacle  scale  is  oval  and  larger  on  the  pores  of  the  first- 
pair  than  on  those  of  the  second. 

The  large  specimen  from  station  5623,  in  which  the  diameter  of  the 
disk  reaches  27  mm.,  differs  in  certain  respects  from  the  other  speci- 
mens. The  granules  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  less  marked, 
and  the  large  interradial  plate  which  covers  the  greater  portion  of 
the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  has  the  border  entirely  smooth.  The 
arm  spines  may  reach  seven  at  the  base  of  the  arms ;  there  is  always 
a  small  ventral  group  of  spines  which  are  subequal  and  relatively 
small,  arid  separated  from  these  by  a  short  interval  a  series  of  five 
very  short  spines,  papilliform  and  smaller  than  the  two  ventral ;  this 
figure  falls  rather  rapidly  to  four  and  then  to  three,  and  this  last 
number  continues  over  a  large  part  of  the  length  of  the  arm ;  I  find 
it  still  at  50  mm.  from  the  base.  But  in  the  interval  I  find  a  fe,w 
segments  which  have  only  two  dorsal  spines,  and  consequently  the 
total  number  of  spines  is  here  reduced  to  four;  and  even  on  two  or 
three  segments  these  two  dorsal  spines  are  entirely  lacking.  When 
viewed  from  the  dorsal  surface  this  large  specimen  very  strongly 
recalls  an  O.  lymani;  it  has  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  granulose 
like  this  last  species,  and  arranged  in  similar  manner.  The  smaller 
specimens  also  show  a  certain  external  resemblance  to  the  young 
of  O.  lym&ni,  and  this  resemblance  is  still  further  accentuated  by 
the  number  of  the  tentacle  pores,  which  are  reduced  to  two  pairs ;  but 
the  arm  spines  are  more  numerous  in  0.  lymani,  and  the  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  shows  a  larger  number  of 
plates  than  in  the  new  species ;  in  this,  as  I  have  stated,  the  entire 
ventral  surface  is  occupied  by  the  large  interradial  plate,  which  even 
reaches  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk.  In  O.  lymani  the  plate  which 
follows  the  mouth  shield  is  very  much  smaller,  and  beyond  it  the 
ventral  surface  of  the  disk  shows  several  other  plates.  In  reference 
to  this  point,  the  photographs  which  I  give  of  the  ventral  surface  of 
the  disk  of  three  specimens  of  O.  lymani  (pi.  86,  figs.  7,  8,  9)  may  be 
compared  with  those  of  this  species. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomusium  facundum  is 
close  to  O.  validum  Lyman,  but  it  can  not  be  confused  with  that 
species,  from  which  it  differs  in  having  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk 
rather  coarsely  granulose,  in  the  somewhat  different  arrangement 
of  the  plates  of  the  ventral  surface,  in  the  larger  size  of  the  mouth 
shield,  in  the  arrangement  of  the  arm  spines,  which  are  generally 
four  in  number,  the  two  lowest  close  to  the  ventral  border  of  the  sid3 
arm  plate  and  almost  in  contact,  forming  a  small  group  separated 
from  the  two  others,  while  the  dorsal  spines,  which  are  well  separated 
from  each  other,  are  arranged  somewhat  irregularly  and  are  less 
constant  in  their  number,  and  the  under  arm  plates  are  continued 
over  a  rather  large  part  of  the  length  of  the  arms. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     40 $ 

Ophiomusium  facundum  can  not  be  confused  either  with  the  species 
which  I  have  described  above  under  the  name  of  0.  facetum,  in  which 
the  arm  spines  are  more  numerous,  seven  or  eight  in  number  at  the 
base  of  the  arms,  and  very  regularly  disposed  along  the  distal  border. 
Furthermore,  in  O.  facetum  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  entirely 
smooth,  the  under  arm  plates  are  entirely  lacking  beyond  the  third, 
and  the  large  ventral  interradial  plate  which  follows  the  mouth  shield 
is  less  developed. 

The  large  specimen  from  station  5623,  of  which  I  have  spoken 
above,  in  which  the  granules  are  very  much  less  developed  on  the 
plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  in  which  the  arm  spines 
are  more  numerous,  may  seem  rather  close  to  0.  facetum,  but  there 
are  nevertheless  very  considerable  differences.  I  find  in  this  speci- 
men that  the  large  ventral  interradial  plate  reaches  a  very  consider- 
able width  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  the  under  arm  plates  are 
continued  throughout  the  whole  preserved  portion  of  the  arms,  the 
small  group  of  two  ventral  spines  is  always  very  recognizable  and 
very  distinct  whatever  may  be  the  number  of  other  spines,  and  the 
granulation  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  though  less  developed, 
is  no  less  evident. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  FIMBRIATUM,  new  species. 

Plate  90,  figs.  6-8. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5614;  Molucca  Passage;  Tifori  Island 
(C.)  bearing  N.  19°  E.,  56.52  kilometers  (30.5  miles)  distant  (lat, 
0°  31'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  58'  45"  E.) ;  2,011  meters  (1.100  fathoms) ; 
November  22, 1909 ;  gy.  M.,  S.,  Glob. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  188,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  20  mm.;  the  arms  are 
incomplete ;  one  of  them  is  preserved  over  a  length  of  40  mm.  They 
are  rounded,  rather  narrow,  and  measure  4  mm.  in  width  at  the  base. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal  with  the  sides  straight ;  the  dorsal  surface 
is  plane,  the  ventral  surface  is  somewhat  swollen,  and  the  borders 
are  rounded  and  somewhat  sharpened.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered 
in  the  central  region  with  numerous  small  rounded  nonimbricated 
subequal  plates,  among  which  it  is  impossible  to  find  the  least  indica- 
tion of  primary  plates.  These  plates  become  larger,  and  especially 
they  elongate,  in  the  radial  and  interradial  spaces.  In  the  radial 
spaces  they  are  arranged  in  three  or  four  rows  which  separate  the 
two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  for  their  entire  length.  In  the  inter- 
radial spaces  they  form  four  to  five  rows,  the  median  ones  being  a 
little  larger  than  the  others.  Toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk  there 
is  a  large,  transversely  broadened,  triangular  plate  which  is  much 
arched  and  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  beyond  which  are  two  smaller 


404  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

plates;  this  plate  does  not  occupy  quite  the  entire  width  of  the  inter- 
radial  space.  The  radial  shields  are  large,  much  elongated,  triangular 
in  form,  with  the  proximal  angle  very  rounded;  they  are  two  and  a 
half  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  they  are  not  very  much  broader  in 
their  distal  portion  than  in  their  proximal.  The  internal  borders  of 
the  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  parallel  and  widely  separated.  Their 
length  is  greater  than  half  the  radius  of  the  disk. 

The  ventral  surface  is  covered  with  rounded  plates  which  are 
slightly  imbricated,  subequal,  and  larger  than  those  which  occupy 
the  central  region  of  the  dorsal  surface.  The  genital  plates  are 
narrow  and  elongated.  The  genital  slits  are  very  narrow  and  rather 
short,  occupying  scarcely  half  the  length  of  the  interradial  area  of 
the  ventral  surface ;  they  are  provided  along  both  borders  with  small 
very  low  rectangular  papillae  with  indistinct  outlines.  Beyond 
the  genital  plate  there  is  a  small  triangular  space  extending  between 
the  region  which  separates  the  side  arm  plates  of  the  second  and 
third  arm  segments  and  the  border  of  the  disk ;  this  space  is  covered 
with  small  rounded  granules,  but  these  do  not  continue  the  genital 
papillae  from  which  they  differ  in  shape.  These  small  granules  ex- 
tend as  far  as  the  outer  border  of  the  radial  shields,  but  they  are  not 
visible  on  the  dorsal  surface;  they  are  well  seen  only  by  viewing 
the  arm  from  the  side  (fig.  8). 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  triangular, 
almost  as  long  as  broad,  with  a  rather  sharp  proximal  angle  and 
straight  sides  which  pass  over  by  rounded  angles  into  the  more  or 
less  excavated  distal  side.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  broad  in 
the  outer  two-thirds  of  their  length,  with  the  two  longer  sides 
parallel;  they  then  taper  rapidly  inward,  not  touching  the  median 
interradial  line  except  by  a  very  short  border.  The  oral  plates  are 
triangular  and  rather  high.  The  lateral  papillae  are  six  in  number; 
they  are  all  rectangular  and  low,  with  the  free  border  straight;  the 
second  papilla  is  the  largest,  and  the  height  decreases  from  the  first 
to  the  last,  which  still  remains  rectangular.  The  separation  of  these 
papillae  is  not  very  marked.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla  is 
short,  triangular,  and  obtuse. 

The  three  first  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  short,  and  rectangu- 
lar in  form.  The  following  is  still  very  broad,  but  triangular,  with 
a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  distal  angle.  Beyond  this  the  plates 
assume  a  lozenge-shaped  form  with  the  two  proximal  sides  longer 
than  the  two  others.  The  first  of  these  lozenge-shaped  plates  has  the 
proximal  angle  truncated  and  is  in  contact  with  the  preceding,  but 
beyond  this  the  dorsal  plates  are  separated  by  a  space  which  in- 
creases progressively. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  small,  trapezoidal,  with  the 
proximal  border  a  little  broader  than  the  distal,  which  is  slightly 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     405 

convex.  The  three  following  plates  are  large,  triangular,  as  long  as 
broad,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle,  the  sides  notched  by  the  tentacle 
pores,  which  are  rather  large,  and  an  almost  straight  distal  border ; 
they  are  separated  by  a  narrow  interval.  The  following  plates 
become  almost  triangular ;  they  are  very  much  smaller,  broader  than 
long,  and  widely  separated.  It  can  not  be  said  that  these  plates  have 
a  strictly  triangular  shape,  for  the  two  lateral  borders  are  usually 
broken  up  into  two  short  sides  united  by  a  very  obtuse  angle,  and 
the  two  proximal  sides  are  slightly  concave. 

The  side  arm  plates  carry  a  series  of  small  spines  which  extend 
for  almost  the  entire  length  of  their  distal  border ;  these  spines  are 
very  short,  conical,  and  very  closely  crowded,  and  altogether  they 
form  a  sort  of  fringe  in  which  there  may  usually  be  counted  nine 
spines;  but  there  may  be  only  eight  of  them,  or  their  number  may 
rise  to  ten. 

The  tentacle  pores  number  three  pairs ;  those  of  the  first  pair  are 
rather  large,  and  they  bear  on  each  border  three  rather  small  and 
rounded  scales;  sometimes  the  proximal  and  external  border  shows 
only  two  scales  which  are  a  little  larger  than  usual.  The  pores  of 
the  second  and  of  the  third  pairs  in  general  have  only  a  single 
proximal  scale;  sometimes  they  add  two  small  scales  on  the  distal 
and  internal  border. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  yellowish. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomusium  fimbriatum  is 
very  close  to  O.  multispinosum  H.  L.  Clark.  The  dorsal  surface  of 
the  disk  shows  a  very  similar  arrangement  of  plates,  and  the  mouth 
papillae  and  the  adoral  and  oral  plates  have  also  the  same  characters, 
but  the  mouth  shields  have  the  distal  border  slightly  concave  instead 
of  showing  a  short  and  broadened  lobe.  The  greatest  difference 
consists  in  the  number  of  tentacle  pores,  which  in  the  new  species 
are  three  pairs  only  instead  of  four ;  furthermore,  these  pores  appear 
more  developed,  and  those  of  the  first  pair,  which  are  rather  elon- 
gated, have  a  few  scales  on  each  border ;  the  spines  are  less  numerous 
than  in  O.  muUispinosum,  in  which  their  number  varies  between 
twelve  and  sixteen.  Ophiomusium  glabrum  Liitken  and  Mortensen, 
which,  according  to  H.  L.  Clark,  is  perhaps  identical  with  O.  multi- 
spinosum, has  four  pairs  of  pores  furnished  with  a  single  scale  on 
each  border,  and,  according  to  the  authors'  figure,  the  pores  of  the 
first  pair  are  not  larger  than  those  following;  the  distal  border  of 
the  mouth  shields  is  slightly  convex,  and  the  number  of  spines  varies 
between  seven  and  eleven. 

In  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  and  the  rela- 
tive shortness  of  the  genital  slits  O.  fimbriitum  also  recalls  0.  planum 
Lyman,  but  it  differs  from  it  in  the  more  numerous  arm  spines, 
as  well  as  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields. 


406  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  IMPOTENS,  new  species. 

Plate  90,  figs.  9-11. 

Locality— Albatross  station  5605;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Do- 
depo  Island  (W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.98  kilometers  (5.9  miles) 
distant  (lat.  0°  21'  33"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.) ;  1,183  meters  (647 
fathoms) ;  November  16,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40920,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen,  unfortunately  unique,  has  suffered  an 
accidental  deformation,  which  was  certainly  antecedent  to  its  cap- 
ture, the  result  of  which  has  been  a  modification  in  the  form,  the 
arrangement,  and  the  characters  of  the  plates,  principally  on  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  it  seems  as  if  the  individual  had  been 
stretched  in  such  a  way  as  to  elongate  the  disk  in  one  direction  and 
and  narrow  it  in  another.  But  the  characters  on  which  a  specific 
distinction  may  be  based  do  not  appear  to  have  been  very  much 
altered,  and  the  individual  may  be  satisfactorily  studied.  I  do  not 
know  any  species  to  which  it  may  be  referred,  and  I  consider  it 
therefore  as  representing  a  new  form.  I  believe  that  it  should  be 
described  in  spite  of  the  abnormal  state  of  the  single  specimen. 
•  The  disk  is  flattened ;  it  measures  9  mm.  in  diameter  in  the  broader 
part  and  7  mm.  in  the  narrower.  The  arms,  which  reach  20  mm.  in 
length,  are  slender,  and  they  become  extremely  attenuated  in  their 
terminal  third. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  plates  of  medium 
size  which  are  more  or  less  imbricated  and  subequal.  There  may  be 
recognized  a  rounded  dorso-central,  a  little  larger  than  the  neigh- 
boring plates ;  there  must  have  been  five  primary  radials  transversely 
broadened,  and  all  a  little  larger  than  the  other  plates,  separated 
from  the  dorso-central  by  a  row  of  smaller  plates.  The  other  plates 
are  arranged  without  any  order.  At  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and 
in  the  middle  of  each  interradial  space  a  slightly  larger  plate  may 
be  made  out ;  in  each  radial  space,  at  the  level  of  the  proximal  angle 
of  the  radial  shields,  there  is  also  found  a  plate  which  is  a  little  larger 
than  those  around  it.  The  radial  shields  are  rather  large,  triangular, 
half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  slightly  divergent ;  the  two  shields 
of  each  pair  are  widely  separated  for  their  whole  length  by  a  single 
row  of  plates  in  the  distal  portion,  and  by  two  or  three  plates  in  the 
proximal  portion.  The  radial  shields  do  not  appear  to  have  pre- 
served their  normal  form  except  on  a  single  ray;  in  two  other  radii 
a  single  shield  of  each  pair  has  the  normal  form,  while  its  more  or 
less  reduced  fellow  is  shoved  off  to  one  side.  In  the  two  other  radii 
the  plates  which  appear  to  represent  the  radial  shields  are  very 
small. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     407 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  subequal,  irregu- 
larly polygonal  or  rounded  plates,  which  are  slightly  imbricated  and 
of  medium  size.  A  rather  broad  and  elongated  genital  plate  can  be 
recognized.  The  genital  slits  are  very  narrow,  and  they  appear  to 
extend  from  the  border  of  the  disk  as  far  as  the  distal  angle  of  the 
adoral  plates.  I  find  on  their  interradial  border  some  small  and  ob- 
tuse papillae  which  do  not  always  form  a  continuous  row;  but  the 
gaps  are  evidently  accidental. 

The  rather  large  mouth  shields  are  pyriform,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and  a  rounded  distal  border. 
They  are  well  developed  only  in  three  interadii,  and  in  the  two  others 
I  find  instead  of  these  shields  and  in  their  place  only  a  small  plate 
resembling  those  about  it.  The  adoral  plates  are  large  and  elongated, 
a  little  broader  outwardly,  with  the  borders  slightly  sinuous.  The 
oral  plates  are  rather  elongated,  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The 
mouth  papillae  are  six  or  seven  in  number  on  each  side;  the  first 
proximal  papilla  is  small,  but  conical  and  pointed;  the  two  follow- 
ing are  rather  low  and  short,  and  the  distal  papillae  are  thicker  and 
broader,  especially  the  penultimate.  The  unpaired  terminal  papilla 
is  elongated  and  conical,  scarcely  larger  than  those  on  either  side. 

The  two  first  upper  arm  plates  are  short  and  transversely  broad- 
ened. The  following  is  quadrangular,  as  long  as  broad,  with  the 
proximal  border  narrow,  the  distal  border  a  little  longer,  and  the 
sides  straight  and  slightly  divergent.  The  fourth  plate  is  a  little 
longer  and  narrower,  and  trapezoidal  in  form,  though  it  still  re- 
mains a  little  broader  than  long.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact, 
but  those  following  are  separated  by  a  wide  interval;  they  are  tri- 
angular with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  and  a  convex  distal  border 
which  may  be  resolved  into  two  short  sides  united  by  a  very  obtuse 
angle ;  they  remain  a  little  broader  than  long.  Their  dimensions  be- 
come progressively  reduced,  though  they  may  be  recognized  as  far 
as  the  vicinity  of  the  arm  tip. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  pentagonal,  with  an  obtuse 
proximal  angle,  converging  and  slightly  excavated  sides,  and  a 
straight  and  narrow  distal  border.  The  two  following  are  pen- 
tagonal, longer  than  broad,  with  a  straight  and  narrow  proximal 
border,  elongated  sides  which  are  more  or  less  excavated  by  the  cor- 
responding tentacle  pores,  and  two  short  distal  sides  united  by  a 
rounded  angle.  The  dimensions  diminish  rapidly  from  the  second 
to  the  fourth,  which  is  no  longer  in  contact  with  the  preceding.  The 
following  plates  become  very  much  smaller  and  are  broadly  sep- 
arated ;  they  are  triangular,  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  a  convex 
distal  border;  their  size  diminishes  progressively  toward  the  tip 
of  the  arms. 


408  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

The  side  arms,  which  are  elongated  and  slightly  projecting,  bear 
at  first  seven  and  then  six  small,  short,  papilliform  spines,  which  are 
situated  along  their  distal  borders;  the  number  of  the  spines  falls 
rather  rapidly  to  jive  and  then  to  four,  and  finally  to  only  three. 

The  tentacle  pores  number  three  pairs ;  they  are  sometimes  covered 
by  a  large  oval  scale,  and  sometimes  by  two  smaller  scales ;  the  pores 
of  the  first  pair  are  rather  large,  and  their  size  diminishes  progres- 
sively as  far  as  the  third  pair. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  whitish. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomusium  impotent  be- 
longs to  that  section  of  the  genus  Opliiomusiuin  in  which  the  dorsal 
and  ventral  plates  persist  throughout  almost  the  entire  length  of  the 
arms.  It  shows  some  affinities  with  O.  cancellatum  Lyman,  0.  cor- 
ticosum  Lyman,  O.  diomedeae  Liitken  and  Mortensen,  0.  properum 
Koehler,  and  O.  serratum  Lyman,  but  it  differs  markedly  from  all 
these  species  and  can  not  be  confused  with  any  of  them.  Ophiomus- 
i%m  cancellatum  has  only  two  or  three  arm  spines,  and  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  numerous  imbricated  plates:  (9. 
corticosum,  which  has,  like  O.  impotens,  numerous  arm  spines,  has 
four  pairs  of  tentacle  pores ;  O.  diomedeae  has  the  mouth  shields  very 
small;  O.  properum  has  only  three  pairs  of  tentacle  pores,  and  its 
arm  spines  are  very  different;  O.  serratum,  which  has  four  or  five 
arm  spines,  has  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  larger  and  less  numerous,, 
the  mouth  shields  larger,  the  radial  shields  smaller,  etc. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  LIGATUM,  new  species. 

Plate  90,  figs.  3-5. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5445 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Ber- 
nardino Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island> 
bearing  S.  56°  E.,  9.82  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44' 
42"  N.,  long.  124°  59'  50"  E.)  ;  700  meters  (383  fathoms)  ;  June  3, 
1909  ;gn.  M.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  80,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5650;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lamulu  Point  bear- 
ing N.  5°  W.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  53'  45" 
S.,  long.  121°  29'  00"  E.)  ;  987  meters  (540  fathoms)  ;  December 
17, 1909  ;gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  81,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  three  specimens  are  of  very  large  size  and  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  20  mm.  and  22.5  mm. ;  one  of  the 
arms  of  the  specimen  from  station  5445,  which  is  entire,  exceeds 
110  mm.  in  length.  The  habitus  is  very  robust,  and  the  individuals 
recall  very  strongly  O.  trychnum,  described  by  H.  L.  Clark  from 
specimens  from  Japan  from  depths  varying  between  128  and  1,057 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     409 

meters  (70  and  578  fathoms).  I  have  even  asked  myself  whether 
there  were  not  really  of  the  same  species  or  rather  of  a  variety  of 
the  form  described  by  H.  L.  Clark;  but  the  differences  seem  to  me 
sufficiently  marked  to  justify  a  specific  separation. 

The  disk  is  rather  thick,  and  its  height  reaches  4  mm.  But  this 
is  far  from  the  figure  given  by  H.  L.  Clark  for  0.  trychnum,  in  which 
the  height  reaches  6  mm.  in  a  specimen  of  the  disk  of  which  is  18 
mm.  in  diameter;  the  figure  4  mm.,  representing  the  height,  is  meas- 
ured on  a  specimen  from  station  5445  in  which  the  disk  has  a  dia- 
meter of  22.5  mm. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  with  the  sides  straight;  the  two  surfaces- 
are  plane  and  parallel.  The  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates  re- 
calls O.  trychnum,  but  the  plates  which  occupy  the  central  region 
are  more  numerous;  furthermore,  the  three  successive  plates  which 
occupy  alone  each  interradial  space  in  O.  trychnum  are  more  re- 
duced, and  they  are  each  surrounded  by  a  circlet  of  very  small  plates ; 
these  interradial  plates,  like  the  radial  shields,  do  not  show  the  least 
indication  of  that  coarse  tuberosity  which  occurs  in  O.  trychnum^ 
and  which  appears  to  be  quite  characteristic  of  that  species;  in  the 
new  species  all  these  plates  are  simply  furnished  with  rounded  gran- 
ules which  are  rather  closely  crowded  and  only  slightly  prominent  > 
and  do  not  in  any  way  deserve  the  name  of  tuberosities.  Beyond  the 
radial  shields  in  place  of  the  three  or  four  plates  which  occur  in  O^ 
trychnum  there  are  to  be  seen  a  large  number  of  very  small  rounded 
plates  forming  three  more  or  less  regular  principal  rows,  to  which 
are  added  some  other  still  smaller  plates.  The  two  interradial 
plates  which  lie  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk  are  in  no  way  swollen 
as  in  0.  trychnum. 

The  mouth  shields  have  ,a  form  slightly  different  from  that  shown 
by  H.  L.  Clark's  figures,  the  sides  being  parallel  and  not  divergent, 
and  the  distal  border  rounded. 

The  form  of  the  upper,  under,  and  side  arm  plates  is  the  same  as. 
in  O.  trychnum,  but  there  is  an  important  difference  in  the  number 
of  the  arm  spines  which  reaches  in  the  new  species  eight  or  nine  at 
the  base  of  the  arms,  then  remaining  seven  for  the  greater  part  of 
their  length,  while  there  are  only  five  or  six  in  O.  trychnum.  These 
spines,  which  are  very  small,  are  inserted  slightly  behind  the  distal 
border  of  the  side  arm  plate,  thus  forming  an  oblique  row  which 
toward  the  ventral  side  progressively  retreats  from  the  distal  border  r 
the  first  ventral  spines,  numbering  four  on  the  first  segments  and 
three  on  those  following,  are  very  close  together  and  form  a  small 
group  somewhat  distinct  from  the  following  spines  which  are  regu- 
larly disposed  at  equal  intervals. 

To  sum  up,  the  principal  differences  are  found  in  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk,  which  are  simply  granulose,  and  the  arm  spines. 


410  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

which  are  more  numerous  in  O.  ligatum  than  in  O.  trychnum;  these 
differences  have  seemed  to  me  important  enough  to  separate  from 
this  last  the  species  from  the  Philippines. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  LUNARE  Lyman. 

Plate  87,  fig.  8. 

Ophiomusium  lunare  LYMAN  ('78),  p.  116,  pi.  1,  figs.  4-6;  ('82),  p.  84,  pi.  1, 
figs.  13-16.— KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  58.— H.  L.  CLABK  ('11),  p.  107;  ('15),  p. 
330.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  289. 

Localities — Albatross  station  5444;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Ber- 
nardino Strait  to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island, 
bearing  S.  65°  E.,  9.45  kilometers  (5.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  43' 
51"  N.,  long.  124°  58'  50"  E.) ;  563  meters  (308  fathoms) ;  June  3, 
1909  ;gn.  M. 

Two  specimens   (Cat.  Nos.  41168,  41169,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5445 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon ;  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atalaya  Point,  Batag  Island,  bearing  S.  56°  E., 
9.82  kilometers  (5.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  12°  44'  42"  N.,  long.  124°  59' 
50"  E.;  701  meters  (383  fathoms) ;  June  3, 1909;  gn.  M.,  S. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40918,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  10  mm.  and  13mm. 

In  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  these  specimens 
differ  somewhat  from  the  type  described  by  Lyman,  but  I  believe 
that  these  differences  are  due  simply  to  a  difference  in  the  size  of 
the  specimens.  Lyman's  type  had  the  disk  only  7  mm.  in  diameter, 
and  the  plates  were  less  numerous  than  in  the  specimens  collected 
by  the  Albatross,  in  which  the  large  plates  of  the  disk,  which  alone 
occur  in  Lyman's  type,  are  separated  by  a  certain  number  of  smaller 
plates.  But  I  find  that  the  latter  are  less  numerous  in  the  small 
specimens  than  in  the  large,  which  would  confirm  my  supposition. 
I  have  already  called  attention  ('04,  p.  59)  to  similar  differences  due 
to  age  in  describing  the  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga.  The  two 
radial  shields  of  each  pair  are  separated  for  their  entire  length  in  the 
largest  specimens,  but  in  the  smallest  they  are  in  contact  by  their 
outer  angle,  while  in  Lyman's  type  they  are  in  contact  for  half  of 
their  length.  They  are  a  little  larger  in  my  specimens  than  in  the 
latter.  The  mouth  shields  are  also  a  little  more  elongated.  But  the 
other  characters  are  so  in  agreement  with  Lyman's  description  that  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  refer  my  specimens  to  O.  lunare. 

In  the  specimens  which  he  examined,  in  which  the  diameter  of 
the  disk  varied  between  6  mm.  and  13  mm.,  H.  L.  Clark  ('11,  p.  107), 
also  found  differences  correlated  with  the  size  of  the  individuals 
similar  to  those  which  I  have  noted  in  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk.  I  may  add  also  that  in  the  two  specimens  from 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     411 

station  5445  the  two  or  three  first  side  arm  plates  usually  bear,  at 
some  distance  from  the  group  formed  by  the  two  small  normal 
spines,  a  third  spine  still  smaller  than  these  two  latter,  which  is 
close  to  the  dorsal  border  of  the  plate;  this  arrangement  is  more 
marked  in  the  small  specimen  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk 
is  10.5  mm.  than  in  the  other  in  which  this  diameter  reaches  13  mm. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  LYMANI  Wyvffle  Thomson. 

Plate  86,  figs.  5,  7-9. 
See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiomusium  lymani  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  58;  ('09),  p.  61. — MACCLENDON  ('09), 
p.  36,  pi.  1,  figs.  3,  4.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  107;  ('13),  p.  213.— MORTEN- 
SEN  ('13),  p.  254.— FARRAN  ('13),  p.  34.— KCEHLER  ('14),  p.  26.— H.  L. 
CLARK  ('15),  p.  331.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  289. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5283;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  64°  W.,  16.21 
kilometers  (8.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  48'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  28' 
40"  E.) ;  512  meters  (280  fathoms) ;  July  18,  1908;  dk.  gy.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  310,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5349;  Palawan  Passage;  Point  Tabonan  bear- 
ing N.  85°  E.,  83.77  kilometers  (45.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  10°  54'  00" 
N.,  long.  118°  26'  20"  E.) ;  1,335  meters  (730  fathoms) ;  December 
27,  1908;  Co.,  S. 

Fifteen  specimens,  of  which  some  are  very  large  (diameter  of  the 
disk  from  30  to  35  mm.)  (Cat.  No.  E.  367,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S. 
11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N.,  long. 
121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms)  ;  March  31, 1909;  gy.  M., 
co.  S. 

Six  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  311,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5601;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Limbe  Island 
(NE.)  bearing  N.,  38.36  kilometers  (20.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  1°  13' 
10"  N.,  long.  125°  17'  05"  E.) ;  1,398  meters  (765  fathoms) ;  No- 
vember 13,  1909;  S.,  Glob.,  Ptr. 

Thirteen  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  283,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5602;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Gorontalo  Pier 
bearing  N.,  13.16  kilometers  (7.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  22'  00"  N., 
long.  132°  03'  30"  E.) ;  1,759  meters  (962  fathoms) ;  November  14. 
1909 ;  gy.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  E.  174  [part],E.  175  [part],U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5603;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Gorontalo  Pier 
bearing  N.  6°  W.,  10.56  kilometers  (5.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  24'  00" 
N.,  long.  123°  03'  45"  E.)  ;  1,469  meters  (803  fathoms)  ;  November 
15,1909;  S. 


412  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

A  disk  in  bad  condition  (Cat.  No.  41180,  U.S.N.M.). 
Albatross  station  5605;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Maud 
(W.)  bearing  N.  14°  W.,  10.93  kilometers  (5.9  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  21'  33"  N.,  long.  121°  34'  10"  E.)  ;  1.183  meters  (647  fathoms)  ; 
November  16.  1909. 

Two  small  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41182,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5606;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Dodepo  Island 
(W.)  bearing  N.  3°  W.,  20.01  kilometers  (10.8  miles)  distant  (lat. 
0°  16'  28"  N.,  long.  121°  33'  30"  E.)  ;  1,525  meters  (834  fathoms)  ; 
November  17,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Nine  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  308,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5608;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Binang  Unang 
Island  peak  bearing  S.  87°  E.,  35.21  kilometers  (19  miles)  distant 
(lat.  0°  08'  00"  S.,  long.  121°  19'  00"  E.)  ;  1,992  meters  (1,089 
fathoms) ;  November  18,  1909;  gy.  M. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41181,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5614;  Molucca  Passage;  Tifori  Island  (C.)  bear- 
ing N.  19°  E.,  56.52  kilometers  (30.5  miles)  distant  (lat.O0  31'  00"  N., 
long.  125°  58'  45"  E.)  ;  2,012  meters  (1,100  fathoms)  ;  November  22r 
1909;  gy.  M.,  S.  Glob. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  174  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5623 ;  between  Gillolo  and  Makyan  Islands ;  Mak- 
yan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  88°  W.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles)  dis- 
tant (lat.  0°  16'  30"  N,,  long.  127°  30'  00"  E.) ;  497  meters  (272 
fathoms) ;  November  29, 1909;  fne.  S.,  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  309,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 
long.  122°  20'  00"  E.)  ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms)  ;  December  16, 
1909;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  82,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Buginkali  Point 
bearing  S.  67°  E.,  38.91  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  43'  50" 
S.,  long.  121°  23'  24"  E.)  ;  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms)  ;  December  17, 
1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41140,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5652;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lamulu  bearing  S. 
36°  E.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  35'  00"  S.,  long, 
121°  23'  06" E.) ;  960  meters  (525  fathoms) ;  December  17,1909;  gn.M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  174  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5656;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Olang  Point  bear- 
ing N.  67°  W.,  26.87  kilometers  (14.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  17'  40" 
S.,  120°  36'  45"  E.  ;  885  meters  (484  fathoms)  ;  December  19,  1909; 
gy.  M. 

Fragment  (Cat.  No.  41183,  U.S.N.M.). 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     413 

Albatross  station  5670;  Macassar  Strait;  Chenoki  Point  bearing  S. 
•GO0  E.,  74.13  kilometers  (40  miles)  distant  (lat.  1°  19'  00"  S.,  long. 
118°  43'  00"  E.)  ;  2,160  meters  (1,181  fathoms)  ;  December  30,  1909; 

gy- M- 

Some  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  175  [part],  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — A  number  of  variations  of  this  species,  which  is  very 
widely  distributed  at  great  depths,  have  been  described  by  puthors. 
The  mouth  shields  and  the  plate  which  follows  them  on  the  central 
surface  of  the  disk  in  particular  show  rather  variable  outlines.  I 
include  figures  of  the  ventral  surface  of  three  specimens  in  order  to 
show  the  differences  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  including  the 
majority  of  the  ordinary  cases;  these  three  specimens  came  from  sta- 
tion 5349.  In  the  specimen  shown  in  figure  7  the  shields  are  almost 
as  long  as  broad  and  trifoliate  in  form ;  the  plate  which  follows  them 
is  short,  and  very  much  broader  than  long.  In  the  specimen  shown 
in  figure  8  the  shields  are  triangular  and  elongated,  very  much  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  sides  straight;  the  interradial  plate  which  fol- 
lows is  still  broader  than  long,  but  a  little  shorter  than  in  the  preced- 
ing specimen.  In  the  specimen  shown  in  figure  9  the  mouth  shields, 
which  are  trifoliate,  are  deeply  notched  by  the  bottom  of  the  genital 
slits,  and  they  are  longer  than  broad ;  the  following  plate  is  almost  as 
broad  as  long,  and  sometimes  even  slightly  longer  than  broad. 

In  these  different  specimens,  and  in  others  such  as  those  which 
Liitken  and  Mortensen  have  figured  ('99,  pi.  3,  fig.  10),  the  same 
proportionate  size  of  the  mouth  shields  and  of  the  plate  which  fol- 
lows them  in  reference  to  the  dimensions  of  the  other  ventral  plates 
of  the  disk  is  maintained.  In  a  specimen  from  station  5652  the 
size  of  the  mouth  shields,  as  well  as  that  of  the  following  plate,  is 
.extremely  reduced,  and  it  scarcely  exceeds  that  of  the  other  plates 
of  the  ventral  surface. 

The  number  of  arm  spines  may  exceed  the  figures  usually  given. 
Liitken  and  Mortensen,  who  have  recorded  different  variations  in 
O.  lymani,  give  the  number  six  to  eight  as  being  usual.  More  re- 
cently MacClendon  ('09,  p.  36),  in  recording  a  specimen  in  which 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  30  mm.,  also  gives  six  to  eight  spines.  I 
find  in  the  majority  of  the  large  specimens  that  these  spines  are  very 
much  more  numerous,  and  10  to  12  are  not  rare;  on  the  arm  which 
1  show  on  plate  86  as  figure  5,  which  is  from  a  specimen  from  station 
5349,  some  segments  may  even  bear  as  many  as  13  arm  spines. 

OPHIOMUSIUM   MO'RIO,   new   species. 

Plate  89,  figs.  3,  4. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5392;  between  Samar  and  Masbate; 
Tubig  Point  bearing  N.  49°  E.,  9.27  kilometers  (5  miles)  distant  (lat. 


414  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

12°  12'  35"  N.,  long.  124°  02'  48"  E.;  247  meters  (135  fathoms) ; 
March  13,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40993,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  14  mm. ;  the  arms  are 
all  broken  off  at  some  distance  from  their  base. 

The  disk  is  rounded ;  the  dorsal  surface  is  slightly  convex,  and  the 
ventral  surface  is  quite  plane.  The  arms  are  rather  broad,  and  they 
taper  gradually  and  regularly;  the  ventral  surface  is  plane;  the 
dorsal  surface  is  slightly  depressed  along  the  median  line. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  plates  which  are  not 
very  numerous  and  rather  large,  and  the  radial  shields  are  very 
large;  the  general  appearance  strongly  recalls  the  arrangement  de- 
scribed and  figured  by  Lyman  in  0.  simplex.  There  can  be  distin- 
guished a  primary  rosette  of  contiguous  plates,  the  polygonal  dorso- 
central  and  the  radials,  which  are  almost  as  large,  and  slightly 
broadened  transversely.  Then  comes  a  pair  of  smaller  plates,  and 
then  a  series  of  three  plates  separating  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair;  the  first  of  these  plates  is  large  and  triangular,  the  second  is 
small,  elongated  and  very  narrow,  and  the  third  is  short  and  trape- 
zoidal. In  the  interradial  spaces  there  are  found  two  successive  large 
plates  which  are  longer  than  broad,  the  outermost  of  which  lies  very 
near  the  periphery  of  the  disk  and  is  bounded  below  by  two  small 
rounded  and  projecting  plates ;  some  very  small  plates  are  seen  here 
and  there  between  the  preceding,  but  they  are  not  numerous.  The 
radial  shields  are  very  large  and  very  broad,  triangular,  with  the 
angles  rounded;  they  are  half  again  as  long  as  broad,  and  their 
length  equals  or  slightly  exceeds  half  the  radius  of  the  disk ;  the  two 
shields  of  each  pair  are  slightly  divergent  inwardly,  and  are  sepa- 
rated for  their  whole  length. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  beyond  the  large  mouth  shields  is 
occupied  by  a  single  large  plate  which  is  quadrangular,  with  the  sides 
divergent  and  rounded,  and  a  convex  distal  border  which  passes 
over  into  the  sides  by  very  rounded  angles.  On  either  side  of  this 
large  plate  is  found  the  small  projecting  plate  described  above, 
which  is  visible  both  from  the  dorsal  and  from  the  ventral  surface. 
The  genital  plate  is  much  broadened  and  is  notched  toward  its 
proximal  third  by  the  genital  slit.  This,  of  a  very  peculiar  form 
and  very  short,  appears  as  a  small  triangle  the  apex  of  which  notches 
the  genital  plate,  and  the  base  of  which  rests  upon  the  first  side 
arm  plate  toward  its  distal  angle.. 

The  mouth  shields  are  large,  elongated,  and  triangular,  with  th*; 
proximal  apex  sharp  and  produced,  extending  between  the  adoral 
plates ;  the  sides  are  slightly  convex,  and  the  distal  border  is  straight 
or  slightly  excavated;  they  are  very  much  longer  than  broad.  On 
four  of  them  the  proximal  region  is  separated  from  the  rest  by  a 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     415 

transverse  groove.  The  adoral  plates  are  large,  triangular,  broad- 
ened outwardly,  and  tapering  and  pointed  inwardly.  The  oral 
plates  are  triangular  and  much  elongated,  a  shape  correlated  with 
the  great  length  of  the  mouth  slits.  The  mouth  papillae  number 
eight  or  nine  on  either  side,  forming  a  very  narrow  fringe  in  which 
the  borders  of  the  individual  papillae  are  only  slightly  marked,  ex- 
cept those  of  the  two  outermost,  which  are  larger  and  a  little  broader 
than  the  others  and  rectangular  in  form.  The  unpaired  terminal 
papilla  is  also  only  slightly  developed. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  trapezoidal,  broader  than  long,  with 
the  distal  border  slightly  convex;  the  second,  which  is  in  contact 
with  the  preceding,  is  long,  trapezoidal,  with  the  proximal  border 
narrower.  The  following  are  triangular,  and  they  become  rapidly 
small,  though  they  persist  throughout  the  whole  preserved  portion 
of  the  arms ;  they  are  widely  separated  from  each  other  and  remain 
a  little  broader  than  long. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  rectangular,  almost  square,  or 
a  little  longer  than  broad.  The  two  following  are  rather  large, 
polygonal,  and  widely  separated;  the  second  is  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  and  the  third  is  almost  as  long  as  broad  or  a  little  broader 
than  long.  Beyond  this  the  ventral  plates  are  entirely  lacking. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  slightly  projecting,  bear  two  very 
small  spines  situated  close  to  the  ventral  border. 

The  tentacle  pores,  which  number  two  pairs,  are  very  small,  and 
are  each  covered  by  an  extremely  reduced  scale. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  a  very  light  yellowish 
white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomusium  morio  very 
much  resembles  0.  simplex  Lyman,  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
plates  of  the  disk  is  almost  the  same  in  the  two  species  with  in 
O.  morio  a  few  additional  plates  separating  the  radial  shields,  which 
in  this  species  are  not  in  contact.  It  might  be  supposed  that  the 
differences  observed  depended  on  the  age  of  the  specimens,  for 
O.  simplex  was  described  by  Lyman  from  a  specimen  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  was  only  6  mm.  But  H.  L.  Clark  has  shown 
that  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  become  very  numerous  in  the  adult 
0.  simplex,  which  then  assumes  an  aspect  so  different  that  I  de- 
scribed this  adult  as  a  different  species,  to  which  I  gave  the  name  of 
O.  sanctum.  If  O.  simplex  when  adult  takes  on  the  characters  of 
O.  sanctum,  it  naturally  can  not  retain  the  arrangement  of  the  dorsal 
plates  that  it  had  when  young,  and  which  is  exactly  what  I  find  in 
my  specimen,  the  disk  of  which  is  14  mm.  in  diameter.  It  may  be 
seen  by  comparing  the  photograph  which  I  give  here  of  0.  morio 
with  that  which  I  give  of  an  0.  simplex  (pi.  88,  figs.  10,  11)  of 
almost  the  same  size  (which  therefore  shows  the  characters  of  my 


416  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 

O.  sanctum)  that  the  two  ophiurans  can  not  belong  to  the  same 
species  and  that  they  differ  not  only  in  the  arrangement  of  the  plates 
of  the  dorsal  surface,  but  also  in  the  characters  of  the  ventral  sur- 
face. The  new  species  differs  from  O.  simplex  as  that  species  was 
described  by  Lyman  in  the  radial  shields,  of  which  the  proximal 
portion  is  produced  into  a  very  sharp  angle,  and  in  the  great  devel- 
opment of  the  ventral  interradial  plate  which  follows  the  mouth 
shield,  of  which  the  distal  border  is  very  convex.  But  it  is  especially 
remarkable  for  the  very  peculiar  form  of  the  genital  slits,  a  form 
which  is  not  met  with  in  any  other  species  of  the  genus  Ophio-musiitm, 
and  which  appears  to  me  to  be  quite  characteristic. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  PROPERUM  Kcehler. 

Ophiomusium  propcrum  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  62,  pi.  10,  figs.  11-13.— H.  L. 
CLARK  ('15),  p.  334. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5646;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island 
(S.)  bearing  S.  68°  E.,  13.90  kilometers  (7.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5° 
31'  30"  S.,  long.  122°  22'  40"  E.)  ;  834  meters  (456  fathoms)  ;  De- 
cember 16,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40994,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10  mm. 

This  specimen  agrees  well  with  the  types  collected  by  the  Siboga 
in  the  Sunda  Archipelago  between  0°-7°  S.  latitude  and  117°-119° 
E.  longitude,  in  695  to  724  meters  (383  to  497  fathoms),  in  which 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  varied  between  11  mm.  and  12  mm. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  RELICTUM  Kcehler. 

Plate  91,  figs.  $-8. 

Ophiomusium  relictum  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  61,  pi.  10.  figs.  5-7. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  334. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Bugin- 
kali  Point  bearing  S.  67°  E.,  38.91  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat. 
4°  43'  50"  S.,  long.  121°  23'  24"  E.)  ;  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms)  ; 
December  17,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40919,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.  One  of  the  arms,  which 
is  preserved  for  its  entire  length,  measures  35  mm. 

The  specimen  agrees  well  in  its  principal  characters  with  the 
types  which  were  collected  by  the  Siboga  in  0°-7°  S.  latitude,  117°- 
119°  E.  longitude,  at  depths  between  695  and  724  meters  (383  to  396 
fathoms),  and  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varied  between  11 
mm.  and  12  mm.  The  Albatross  specimen  differs  from  them  only 
in  having  the  tuberosities  of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  more 
marked  and  in  having  the  arm  spines  a  little  more  developed.  I  in- 
clude on  plate  91  as  figures  6-8  photographs  of  the  two  surfaces 
of  the  disk,  and  a  side  view  of  the  arms. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     417 
OPHIOMUSIUM  SCALARE  Lyman. 

Plate  89,  fig.  7 ;  plate  90,  figs.  1,  2. 

Ophiomusium  scalare  LYMAN  ('78),  p.  117,  pi.  1,  figs.  1-3;  ('82),  p.  95,  pi.  1, 
figs.  4-6.— KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  308,  pi.  6,  figs.  24,  25;  ('99),  p.  26,  pi.  2,  figs. 
12,  13;  pi.  3,  fig.  21.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  334.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p. 
285,  fig.  77. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5135;  vicinity  of  Jolo;  Jolo  Light 
bearing  S.  46°  W.,  22.05  kilometers  (11.9  miles)  distant  (lat.  6°  11' 
50"  N.,  long.  121°  08'  20"  E.)  ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms) ;  February 
7,  1908;  fne.  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40941,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm. 

I  have  had  occasion  at  different  times  ('96,  p.  308;  '99,  p.  26;  and 
'04,  p.  65)  to  describe  the  variations  shown  by  O.  scalare.  The 
Albatross  specimen  recalls  the  one  which  the  Siboga  collected  at 
station  280.  The  radial  shields  are  triangular,  and  the  two  plates 
of  each  pair  are  in  contact  outwardly,  or  very  close  to  each  other; 
the  arm  spines  are  three  in  number.  I  give  photographs  of  the 
dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces  of  the  disk,  as  well  as  a  side  view  of  the 
arm,  of  this  specimen. 

Ophiomusium  scalare  was  discovered  by  the  Challenger  in  28°  S. 
latitude  and  177°  W.  longitude,  1,097  meters  (600  fathoms) ;  it  was 
rediscovered  by  the  Investigator  in  the  Andaman  Islands,  in  204 
meters  (112  fathoms),  and  by  the  Siboga  in  two  localities  in  the 
Sunda  Islands  (8°  and  10°  S.  latitude,  123°  and  127°  E.  longitude 
[520  and  1,224  meters;  285  and  672  fathoms]).  Matsumoto  has 
just  recorded  it  from  Japan  (Uldshima,  549  meters  [300  fathoms]). 

OPHIOMUSIUM  SIMPLEX  Lyman. 

Plate  88,  figs.  10,  11. 

Ophiomusium  simplex  LYMAN  ('78),  p.  115,  pi.  1,  figs.  10,  11;  ('82),  p.  93, 

pi.  1,  figs.  7-9.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11),  p.  109;   ('15),  p.  333. 
Ophiomusium  sanctum  KCEHLER  ('04)  p.  59,  pi.  11,  figs.  7-9. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5356;  north  Balabac  Strait;  Balabac 
Light  bearing  S.  64°  W.,  28.72  kilometers  (15.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
8°  06'  40"  K,  long.  117°  18'  45"  E.) ;  106  meters  (58  fathoms) ; 
Januarys,  1909;  S.,  Sh. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40985,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5357;  north  Balabac  Strait;  Balabac  Light  bear- 
ing S.  65°  W.,  26  kilometers  (14.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  06'  00"  N., 
long.  117°  17'  10"  E.)  ;  124  meters  (68  fathoms) ;  January  5,  1909; 
Co.,  S. 

Seven  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40987,  40988,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5433;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity;  Corandagos 
Island  (NW.)  bearing  N.  30°  E.,  12.05  kilometers  (6.5  miles)  dis- 

55269— 22— Bull.  100 27 


418  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

tant  (lat.  10°  37'  30"  N.,  long.  120°  11'  05"  E.) ;  99  meters  (54 
fathoms) ;  April  8,  1909;  gn.  M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40986,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  8  mm.  and  10  mm. 

In  1904  I  described  under  the  name  of  Ophiomusium  sanctum  an 
Ophiomusium  which  I  believed  to  be  new  and  which  did  not  agree 
with  the  description  given  by  Lyman  of  O.  simplex;  my  specimens 
were  larger  than  the  single  individual  on  which  Lyman  established 
this  latter  species,  which  had  a  disk  only  6  mm.  in  diameter.  H.  L. 
Clark,  who  has  had  at  hand  a  series  of  16  specimens  in  which  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  varied  between  4  mm.  and  14  mm.,  has  been  able 
to  convince  himself  that  all  intermediate  forms  between  O.  simplex 
Lyman  and  my  O.  sanctum  exit;  it  is  therefore  necessary  to  unite  the 
two  forms  (see  for  further  details  H.  L.  Clark's  memoir,  '11,  p.  109). 
The  specimens  collected  by  the  Albatross  are  quite  identical  with 
those  collected  by  the  Siboga  upon  which  I  based  O.  sanctum  in 
1904. 

OPHIOMUSIUM  SPINULOSUM,   new  species. 

Plate  87,  figs.  1-7. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5650;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Lamulu 
Point  bearing  N.  5°  W.,  23.16  kilometers  (12.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
4°  53'  45"  S.,  long.  121°  29'  00"  E.)  ;  987  meters  (540  fathoms)  ; 
December  17,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  189,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5651;  Gulf  of  Boni;  Buginkali  Point  bearing 
S.  67°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant  (lat.  4°  43'  50"  S.", 
long.  121°  23'  24"  E.) ;  1,280  meters  (700  fathoms)  ;  December  17, 
1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  190,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  two  specimens  from  station  5650  are  complete, 
and  one  of  them  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation ;  in  the  other 
the  disk  is  somewhat  damaged.  The  diameter  of  their  disks  is 
18  mm.,  and  the  arms  reach  55  mm.  in  length.  In  the  specimen  from 
station  5651  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  20  mm. ;  three  arms  are 
broken  off  at  the  line  of  contact  with  the  disk  and  the  two  others  a 
little  further  out. 

I  shall  describe  the  species  more  especially  from  the  specimen 
from  station  5651,  which  is  a  little  larger  than  the  others. 

The  disk  is  pentagonal,  with  the  borders  straight;  it  is  flattened 
on  the  two  surfaces,  which  are  slightly  depressed  toward  the  center. 
The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  very  numerous  small,  subequal, 
imbricated  plates  among  which  it  is  impossible  to  recognize  the 
primary  plates  (fig.  3.)  ;  but  on  the  two  specimens  from  station  5650 
(fig.  5)  six  very  small,  rounded,  and  slightly  swollen  plates  may  be 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     419 

distinguished,  the  radials  being  far  removed  from  the  dorsocentral. 
The  plates  become  a  little  larger  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk, 
and  in  the  middle  of  each  interradial  space  between  the  radial  shields 
there  is  a  rather  large  rounded  plate  which  is  somewhat  broadened 
transversely,  on  either  side  of  which  are  three  or  four  rows  of  small 
plates.  Between  the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair  there  are  six 
to  eight  more  or  less  regular  rows  of  plates,  the  median  a  little  the 
larger.  Except  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk,  where  they  are 
entirely  unarmed,  these  plates  bear  very  small  spines  which  are  ex- 
tremely reduced,  conical,  with  the  point  blunted;  each  plate  may 
carry  from  one  to  three  of  these  spines  which  are  sometimes  inserted 
toward  the  borders  and  sometimes  over  the  surface  of  the  plate. 
These  spines  are  more  or  less  developed  in  the  specimen  from  station 
5651 ;  in  the  two  others  they  are  not  very  common  and  are  not  seen 
except  toward  the  periphery  of  the  disk  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
radial  shields.  These  last  are  rather  large,  triangular,  with  the 
angles  very  rounded,  somewhat  divergent,  and  widely  separated  by 
several  rows  of  plates ;  they  are  longer  than  broad,  and  their  length 
is  equal  to  a  third  of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  On  their  surface  in  the 
proximal  half  and  toward  the  outer  border  they  bear  spines  identical 
with  those  of  the  other  plates  of  the  disk;  these  spines  are  a  little 
shorter  and  relatively  thicker  in  the  example  from  station  5651. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  numerous  imbri- 
cated plates,  which  are  larger  than  those  on  the  dorsal  surface  and 
somewhat  unequal.  Toward  the  periphery  spines  identical  with 
those  on  the  dorsal  surface  are  found,  but  there  are  only  a  few  of 
them  here.  The  genital  plates  are  rather  large,  elongated,  and 
broadened  in  their  distal  part.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow  and  ex- 
tend over  a  length  of  about  two-thirds  of  the  radius  of  the  ventral 
surface  of  the  disk;  they  are  furnished  on  their  two  borders  with 
small  and  closely  crowded  papilae. 

The  mouth  shields  are  elongated,  longer  than  broad,  sagittate  in 
form  and  pentagonal,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle,  two  straight 
sides  slightly  notched  toward  their  distal  third  by  the  bottom  of  the 
genital  slits,  and  a  slightly  rounded  distal  border.  In  the  speci- 
men from  station  5661  these  shields  are  more  elongated  and  nar- 
rower ;  the  notching  corresponding  to  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slit 
is  better  indicated,  and  the  distal  region  beyond  is  slightly  tapering. 
In  the  two  specimens  from  station  5650  these  shields  are  thicker 
and  shorter  and  the  lateral  notching  is  very  slightly  marked.  The 
adoral  plates  are  elongated,  triangular,  and  extremely  narrow  in- 
wardly, and  they  do  not  come  in  contact  in  the  median  interradial 
line  where  the  proximal  angle  of  the  mouth  shield  projects;  on  the 
other  hand,  they  are  markedly  broadened  outwardly.  The  oral 


420  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

plates  are  very  large  and  very  high,  triangular,  and  twice  as  long- 
as  broad.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  eight  or  nine  in  number  on 
each  side;  the  four  or  five  outermost  are  rectangular,  with  the  free 
border  straight,  and  the  second  is  larger  than  those  on  either  side; 
the  three  or  four  proximal  papillae  elongate  somewhat  and  become 
conical  with  the  sides  rounded,  especially  the  last,  which  is  stout, 
rather  elongated,  and  almost  of  the  same  size  as  the  unpaired  termi- 
nal papilla. 

The  two  or  three  first  upper  arm  plates  are  transversely  broad- 
ened, short,  and  quadrangular;  the  following  become  triangular, 
longer  than  broad,  with  a  very  sharp  proximal  angle  and  convex 
distal  border;  they  are  at  first  in  contact,  then  becoming  separated 
by  an  interval  which  progressively  elongates;  they  then  become  as 
long  as  broad.  These  plates  bear  on  their  surface  a  few  granules  or 
spines  identical  with  those  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  the 
number  of  which  is  variable. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  transversely  broadened, 
lozenge-shaped  or  simply  biconvex  in  form.  The  following  plates 
are  at  first  rather  large,  with  the  distal  border  rounded  and  the  sides 
somewhat  convex ;  the  second  is  a  little  longer  than  broad  with  the 
proximal  angle  rounded ;  the  third  is  also  a  little  longer  than  broad 
with  a  sharp  proximal  angle ;  the  fourth  is  as  broad  as  long.  These 
plates  are  separated  by  a  narrow  interval.  The  following  plates  are 
smaller,  triangular,  transversely  broadened  with  the  proximal  angle 
obtuse,  and  they  are  very  widely  separated  from  each  other.  All 
these  plates  are  unarmed. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  not  very  projecting,  bear  on  their 
surface,  especially  in  their  dorsal  region,  small  elongated  granules 
identical  with  those  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the 
upper  arm  plates,  and  these  little  spines  may  be  confused  more  or 
less  with  the  true  arm  spines  from  which  it  is  difficult  to  distinguish 
them.  Two  principal  spines,  which  are  somewhat  elongated  and 
situated  close  to  the  ventral  border  of  the  plate,  may  be  recognized ; 
there  may  also  be  observed  near  the  dorsal  border  a  few  granules 
larger  than  the  others  which  might  be  considered  as  spines.  In  the 
individual  from  station  5651  these  spines  are  best  observed  (figs. 
6,  7),  but  they  always  are  inconstant  in  their  appearance,  and  it  is 
impossible  to  say  whether  they  are  true  spines  or  not. 

The  tentacle  pores  number  three  pairs;  they  are  rather  large,  es- 
pecially those  of  the  first  pair,  which  carry  on  each  border  from  one 
to  three  scales;  the  pores  of  the  second  pair  usually  have  one  ex- 
ternal or  proximal  scale  and  two  internal  or  distal  scales;  those  of 
the  third  pair  have  a  single  proximal  and  one  distal  scale. 

The  color  of  the  specimen  in  alcohol  is  yellowish. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     421 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiomusium  spinulosum  be- 
longs to  that  section  of  the  genus  Ophiomusium  in  which  the  upper 
and  under  arm  plates  continue  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the 
arms.  It  is  easily  distinguished  from  all  the  other  species  of  this 
group  having  three  pairs  of  tentacle  pores  by  the  large  size  of  these 
pores,  the  borders  of  which  may  carry  each  two  or  three  scales,  and 
by  the  numerous  spinules  which  occur  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk,  as  well  as  on  the  upper  and  side  arm  plates. 

OPHIOLIPUS  GRANULATUS  Koehler. 

Ophiolipus  granulatus  KOEHLEB  ('96),  p.  315,  pi.  6,  figs.  28,  29;  ('99),  p.  31, 
pi.  7,  figs.  55-57. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5135;  in  the  vicinity  of  Jolo:  Jolo 
Light  bearing  S.  46°  W.,  22.05  kilometers  (11.9  miles)  distant  (lat. 
6°  11'  50"  N.,  long.  121°  08'  20"  E.) ;  294  meters  (161  fathoms) ; 
February  7,  1908 ;  f ne.  co.  S. 

A  single  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41149,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm. 

This  specimen  agrees  well  with  the  type  which  I  described  in  1896, 
based  upon  two  somewhat  larger  specimens  dredged  by  the  Investi- 
gator among  the  Andaman  Islands  in  205  meters  (112  fathoms). 

Opliiolipus  granulatus  has  not  otherwise  been  found. 

OPHIOCERAMIS  DECLINANS  Koehler. 

Ophioceramis  declinans  KCEHLEB  (J04),  p.  15,  pi.  4,  figs.  1-3.— H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  337. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5213;  east  of  Masbate  Island;  Des- 
tacado  Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  87°  E.,  15.75  kilometers  (8.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  12°  15'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  57'  30"  E.) ;  146  meters  (80 
fathoms)  ;  April  20,  1908;  S.,  M.,  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  301,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5214;  east  of  Masbate  Island;  Palanog  Light, 
Masbate,  bearing  S.  17°  W.,  4.82  kilometers  (2.6  miles)  distant  (lat. 
12°  25'  18"  N.,  long.  123°  37'  15"  E.)  ;  399  meters  (218  fathoms) ; 
April  21, 1908;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  in  poor  condition  (Cat.  No.  E.  298,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5519;  northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  71°  W.,  16.12  kilometers  (8.7  miles)  distant 
(lat.  8°  47'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  31'  15"  E.) ;  333  meters,  (182  fathoms) ; 
August  9, 1909;  Glob.,  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  300,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5541 ;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  65°  W.,  23.54  kilo- 
meters (12.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  49'  38"  N.,  long.  123°  34'  30"  E.) ; 
401  meters  (219  fathoms) ;  August  20,  1909;  fne.  S.,  brk.  Sh. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  299,  U.S.N.M.). 


422  BULLETIN   100,    UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Notes. — In  the  largest  specimen,  which  is  from  station  5187,  the 
diameter  of  the  disk  is  15  mm. ;  the  others  are  a  little  smaller ;  all 
are  therefore  of  a  size  slightly  greater  than  that  of  the  two  type  speci- 
mens which  the  Siboga  collected  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  in  which 
the  diameter  of  the  disk  was  11  mm.  and  8  mm.,  respectively.  They 
are,  however,  quite  identical  with  these  last. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  body  is  darker  than  the  ventral  surface ; 
it  is  brownish  or  reddish  with  traces  of  annulations  on  the  arms; 
the  ventral  surface  is  grayish. 

OPHIOZONELLA  BISPINOSA   (KosMer). 

Ophiozona  Uspinosa  KCEHLER  ('96),  p.  319,  pi.  6,  figs.  32,  33;  ('99),  p.  34, 

pi.  2,  figs.  10,  11. 

Ophiozonella  Uspiwosa  MATSUMOTO    ('15),  p.   82. — H.  L.   CLARK    ('15),  p. 
340.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  294. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz 
Point  (Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.)  ;  232  meters  (127  fathoms)  ; 
March  25,  1909. 

Seventeen  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40911,  40912,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5421;  between  Panay  and  Guimaras;  Luaran 
Point  Light  bearing  S.  27°  E.,  9.26  kilometers  (5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
10°  33'  30"  N.,  long.  122°  26'  00"  E.)  ;  251  meters  (137  fathoms) ; 
March  30,  1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40913,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — These  specimens  agree  very  well  with  the  type  which  I 
described  from  specimens  collected  by  the  Investigator  among  the 
Andaman  Islands  at  a  depth  of  205  meters  (112  fathoms).  The 
diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  10  mm.  in  the  largest,  and  it  is 
usually  between  7  mm.  and  9  mm. 

Matsumoto  has  separated  from  the  genus  Ophiozona  a  new  genus, 
to  which  he  has  given  the  name  of  Ophiozonella,  which  includes  the 
deep-sea  forms  having  sometimes  one  and  sometimes  two  tentacle 
scales.  Ophiozona  bispinosa  must  be  placed  in  this  new  genus  with 
O.  casta,  O.  depressa,  and  O.  media,  as  well  as  with  the  new  species 
which  I  describe  below. 

H.  L.  Clark  has  described  (11,  p.  31,  fig.  6)  a  species  very  close  to 
O.  bispinosa  from  Japan,  to  which  he  has  given  the  name  of  O. 
elevata.  According  to  this  author  the  new  species  is  distinguished 
from  O.  bispinosa  by  its  thick  and  elevated  disk,  by  having  the  arm 
spines  shorter,  and  by  the  form  of  the  upper  arm  plates.  I  believe 
that  there  may  be  added,  a»  a  differential  character,  the  form  of  the 
mouth  shields;  in  my  description  in  1896  and  in  my  figure  ('96,  p. 
319,  pi.  6,  fig.  33)  I  snowed  that  the  mouth  shields  of  0.  lispinosa  ara 
longer  than  broad,  while  in  O.  elevata  they  are  as  broad  as  long.  I 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      423 

find  this  elongated  form  of  the  mouth  shields  in  all  the  Albatross 
specimens. 

OPH1OZONELLA  CASTA   (Keehler). 

Plate  78,  figs.  5-8. 

Ophiozona  casta  KCEIILER  ('04),  p.  22,  pi.  5,  fig.  9;  pi.  6,  figs.  1,  2. — MATSU- 

MOTO   ('15),  p.  82. 
Ophiozonclla  casta  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  340. — MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  294. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5428;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity; 
30th  of  June  Island  bearing  N.  62°  W.,  36.14  kilometers  (19.5  miles) 
distant  (lat.  9°  13'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  51'  15"  E.) ;  2,021  meters  (1,105 
fathoms) ;  April  3,  1909;  gy.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41154,  U.S.N.M.). 

No tes.— These  two  specimens  are  somewhat  different  from  each 
other  in  their  external  appearance;  in  the  larger,  in  which  the  di- 
ameter of  the  disk  is  7.5  mm.,  the  dorsal  surface  is  strongly  convex 
so  that  the  disk  is  very  thick  and  high,  but  in  the  second,  which  is 
smaller  and  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  5  mm., 
the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  almost  plane.  But  the  arrangement 
of  the  plates  themselves  shows  such  agreement  that  there  can  be 
no  question  of  separating  the  two  specimens,  and  except  for  the 
height  of  the  disk  they  both  agree  well  with  the  specimens  collected 
by  the  Siboga  on  which  I  based  O.  casta.  In  the  latter  the  disk,  of 
which  the  diameter  is  5  mm.,  although  rather  elevated  does  not 
reach  quite  the  height  of  that  in  the  larger  Albatross  specimen,  but 
it  is  higher  than  that  of  the  smaller.  The  only  difference  which  I 
x?an  detect  consists  of  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  which  are  here 
a  little  broader  than  long  and  simply  triangular  with  the  distal  bor- 
der very  strongly  convex.  The  mouth  papillae  decrease  in  height 
from  the  outermost  to  the  innermost,  and  the  two  innermost  are 
very  low,  although  much  elongated.  In  the  larger  specimen  the 
plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  more  numerous  than  in 
the  Siboga  type,  while  in  the  smaller  the  arrangement  is  almost  the 
same,  and  the  dorso-central,  which  is  pentagonal  in  form,  is  very 
much  larger  than  the  five  primary  radials  which  are  broadly  in 
contact  with  it  (fig.  5).  In  the  large  example  (fig.  7)  the  dorso- 
central  is  circular,  larger  than  the  five  radials,  which  are  themselves 
very  large;  these  plates  show  a  proximal  angle,  and  their  distal 
border  is  very  strongly  convex;  they  are  separated  from  the  dorso- 
central  by  a  row  of  small  plates,  and  only  two  of  them  just  touch 
the  dorso-central  by  their  proximal  angle.  In  the  interradial  spaces 
there  are  two  large  tandem  plates,  and  the  second,  which  is  tri- 
angular in  shape  and  a  little  longer  than  broad,  reaches  the  periph- 
ery of  the  disk.  In  the  radial  spaces  there  is  a  large  plate,  the  con- 
vex distal  border  of  which  is  close  to  the  radial  shields.  The  rest 


424  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

of  the  disk  is  occupied  by  some  smaller,  but  unequal,  imbricated 
plates,  with  the  distal  border  rounded.  The  radial  shields  are  of 
the  same  size  as  the  primary  radials;  they  are  triangular,  with 
rounded  angles,  as  long  as  broad,  and  their  length  equals  one-fourth 
the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  rather 
divergent,  and  they  are  separated  for  their  whole  length  by  a  row 
of  plates,  though  outwardly  they  come  close  together;  in  one  of 
the  radii  they  are  even  in  contact  for  a  short  part  of  their  length. 
(The  shape  of  the  plates  found  at  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  such  as 
the  radial  shields  or  the  large  interradial  plate  can  not  be  judged 
from  the  photograph  which  I  give  in  figure  7,  for,  because  of  the 
strong  convexity  of  the  disk,  the  peripheral  plates,  seen  fore- 
shortened, are  rather  strongly  distorted  and  their  length  is  con- 
siderably diminished.) 

OPHIOZONELLA  MEDIA  (Koehler). 

Plate  78,  figs.  9-10. 

Ophiozona  depressa,  var.  media  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  24,  pi.  4,  figs.  11,  12. 
Ophiozonella  depressa,  var.  media  MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  294. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5601;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Limbe 
Island  (NE.)  bearing  N.  38.36  kilometers  (20.7  miles)  distant  (lat. 
1°  13'  10"  N.,  long.  125°  17'  05"  E.) ;  1,399  meters  (765  fathoms) ; 
November  13, 1909;  S.,  Glob.,  Ptr. 

One'specimen  (Cat.  No.  41355,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  11  mm. 

This  specimen  agrees  well  with  some  individuals  collected  by  the 
Siboga  in  the  Sunda  Archipelago,  which  I  considered  as  represent- 
ing a  simple  variety  of  0.  depressa  Lyman;  I  described  this  in  1904 
under  the  name  of  O.  depressa,  var.  media.  But  in  comparing  the 
Albatross  specimen  with  the  description  and  the  figures  which  Lyman 
gives  of  O.  depressa  it  seemed  to  me  that  the  form  from  the  Sunda 
Islands  and  from  Celebes  differed  decidedly  too  much  from  Lyman's 
type  to  make  it  possible  to  consider  it  as  a  simple  variety,  and  1 
propose  to  raise  it  to  specific  rank,  giving  it  the  name  of  Ophiozonella 
media.  The  Albatross  specimen  is  of  exactly  the  same  size  as  Ly- 
man's  0.  depressa,  and  as  this  is  the  case  the  differences  may  be 
apreciated  more  readily. 

If  we  compare  the  photographs  which  I  give  here  (pi.  78,  figs. 
9,  10)  with  the  figures  which  Lyman  has  given  of  0.  depressa  ('82, 
pi.  2,  figs.  16-18)  we  see  that  the  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  more 
numerous  in  O.  media,  and  especially  that  the  plates  of  the  central 
rosette  do  not  have  that  tuberosity  described  by  Lyman  (and  which 
also  does  not  occure  in  the  Siboga  specimens).  The  mouth  shields 
are  less  elongated  and  broader,  and  in  the  Albatross  specimen  they 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     425 

are  a  little  broader  than  long;  in  those  from  the  Siboga  collection 
they  are  as  long  as  broad,  while  in  Lyman's  type  they  are  longer 
than  broad.  The  adoral  plates  are  broader  and  longer,  and  there 
are  often  two  tentacle  scales  on  the  pores  of  the  first  pair.  In  1904 
I  noted  the  presence  of  five  lateral  mouth  papillae,  the  outermost  very 
small.  In  the  Albatross  individual  this  outermost  mouth  papilla-  is 
extremely  reduced,  and  sometimes  it  is  quite  invisible,  either  be- 
cause it  is  hidden  under  the  following  papilla,  or  because  it  is  fused 
with  it;  the  second  papilla  is  extremely  broad;  the  three  others 
are  also  broad  and  thick,  and  on  some  sides  of  the  mouth  slits  they 
are  only  two  in  number. 

Under  these  conditions  I  believe  it  preferable  to  consider  O.  media 
as  an  independent  species. 

The  Siboga  specimens  were  collected  in  1°  N.-100  S.  latitude  and 
123°-127°  E.  longitude,  between  918  and  1,264  meters  (505  and  693 
fathoms). 

OPHIOZONELLA  MOLESTA   (Koehler). 

Plate  78,  figs.  3,  4 ;  plate  79,  figs.  5,  8,  10. 

Ophiozona  molesta  KCEHLEE  ('04),  p.  23,  pi.  6,  figs.  3-5. — MATSUMOTO  ('15), 
p.  82;  ('17),  p.  294.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  340. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5114;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island 
Passage;  Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  36°  E.,  13.34  kilometers  (7.2 
miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  36'  11"  N.,  long.  120°  45'  26"  E.) ;  622 
meters  (340  fathoms)  ;  January  20,  1908;  fne.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  40943,  40944,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5115;  Balayan  Bay  and  Verde  Island  Passage; 
Sombrero  Island  bearing  N.  49°  E.,  13.53  kilometers  (7.3  miles) 
distant  (lat.  13°  77'  11"  N.,  long.  120°  43'  40"  E.) ;  622  meters  (340 
fathoms)  ;  January  20,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40946,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5305;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of  Hongkong 
(lat.  21°  54'  00"  N.,  long.  114°  46'  00"  E.) ;  68  meters  (37  fathoms) ; 
October  24,  1908 ;  sf t.  gy.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  40942,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5429;  Eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity;  Fondeado 
Island  (SE.)  bearing  N.  18°  E.,  27.79  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  41'  30"N.,  long.  118°  50'  22"  E.) ;  1,401  meters  (766  fathoms) ; 
April  5, 1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40945,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  am  persuaded  that  all  these  specimens  belong  to  0. 
molesta,  which  I  described  in  1904  from  an  unique  specimen  collected 
by  the  Siboga,  although  this  last  had  only  two  arm  spines,  while  three 
is  the  normal  number  in  the  Albatross-  specimens.  But  my  type  was 
of  very  small  size,  as  the  diameter  of  the  disk  did  not  exceed  6  mm. 


426  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

I  find  in  the  Albatross  collection  one  specimen  (station  5429)  with 
the  same  dimensions,  in  which  the  majority  of  the  arm  segments 
have  only  two  spines;  a  few  of  them  already  have  three,  but  this 
figure  is  rare  and  it  only  appears,  fortuitously,  at  some  distance  from 
the  disk.  It  is  therefore  quite  probable  that  the  number  of  two  arm 
spines  is  correlated  with  the  youth  of  the  subject  and  that  the  third 
spine  appears  later.  All  the  other  characters  agree  so  well  that  it 
seems  to  me  impossible  to  separate  the  Albatross  specimens  from  my 
O.  molest  a.  I  give  a  figure  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  young 
example  of  which  I  have  just  spoken  (pi.  79,  fig.  5),  and  this  may 
be  compared  with  the  figure  which  I  have  previously  given  of  O. 
molesta  ('04,  p.  6,  fig.  4)  ;  a  comparison  of  the  photographs  which  I 
give  here,  some  of  a  specimen  in  which  the  disk  is  10.5  mm.  in  diam- 
eter (pi.  78,  figs.  3,  4),  and  the  other  (pi.  79,  fig.  10)  of  a  specimen 
in  which  the  disk  is  8  mm.  in  diameter,  with  the  corresponding  figure 
of  the  type  specimen  ('04,  pi.  6,  fig.  3),  shows  well  the  identity  of 
these  diiferent  forms. 

It  seems  to  me  worth  while  to  describe  this  species  again  from  adult 
examples. 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  varies  between  9  mm.  and 
12  mm.  In  a  specimen  from  station  5114  which  I  have  taken  as  the 
type  (pi.  78,  figs.  3,  4)  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  10.5  mm.  and  the 
arms  are  25  mm.  long;  the  habitus  of  the  animal  is  very  robust.  The 
disk  is  rounded  and  rather  thick;  the  arms  are  short,  very  broad  at 
the  base,  and  taper  rapidly  to  the  tip. 

The  two  surfaces  of  the  disk  are  plane  and  parallel,  and  they  pass 
into  each  other  over  a  rounded  border ;  the  outline  of  the  disk  is  also 
rounded.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  unequal  and  slightly 
imbricated  plates,  among  which  a  primary  rosette  of  large  plates 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  single  row  of  very  much  smaller 
plates  may  be  distinguished.  The  rounded  dorso-central  is  larger 
than  the  radial  plates,  which  are  slightly  broadened  transversely. 
Among  the  other  plates  there  may  be  distinguished  an  interradial 
row,  including  usually  three  rather  large  tandem  plates,  and,  in  the 
interradii,  two  plates  of  which  the  outer  penetrates  between  the  two 
radial  shields  of  each  pair.  These  plates  are  more  or  less  polygonal. 
The  other  plates  are  small,  unequal,  more  or  less  polygonal  in  out- 
line, and,  in  the  interradii,  there  are  generally  two  or  three  rows  on 
each  side  of  the  median  line.  The  radial  shields,  which  are  rather 
small,  are  triangular,  longer  than  broad,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle 
and  a  slightly  convex  distal  border ;  their  length  is  equal  to  a  third 
of  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  two  shields  of  each  pair  are  divergent 
inwardly,  and  they  are  separated  throughout  their  whole  length, 
proximally  by  two  or  three  plates,  and  distally  by  a  single  plate. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     427 

Their  surface  is  smooth,  without  the  least  indication  of  tuberosities 
or  of  any  prominences  whatever.  * 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  covered  with  rounded  plates 
which  are  slightly  imbricated  and  unequal;  the  larger  are  a  little 
more  developed  than  the  smallest  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface.  The 
genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small,  elongated,  almost  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  pentagonal,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
straight  or  slightly  concave  sides  passing  over  into  the  lateral  borders 
by  very  rounded  angles ;  the  mouth  shields  have  their  maximum  width 
at  the  level  of  these  angles ;  their  sides  are  notched  toward  the  proxi- 
mal third  by  the  ends  of  the  genital  slits,  and  they  pass  over  by 
rounded  angles  to  the  distal  border,  which  is  narrow  and  slightly 
convex.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather  narrow  inwardly,  but  they 
broaden  outwardly  and  form  a  process  which  separates  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  very  small 
and  triangular.  The  mouth  papillae  are  usually  five  in  number  on 
each  side;  the  three  outer  are  rather  broad;  the  first  is  triangular 
with  a  pointed  apex,  the  second  and  the  third  are  quadrangular; 
the  two  following  papillae  are  smaller  and  pointed.  The  unpaired 
terminal  papilla  is  not  very  much  larger  than  those  on  either  side. 

The  two  or  three  first  upper  arm  plates  are  extremely  short;  the 
following  are  quadrangular,  with  a  concave  proximal  border  which 
is  slightly  narrower  than  the  convex  distal  border;  their  sides  are 
very  divergent  and  straight  and  they  pass  over  by  sharp  angles  to 
the  distal  border;  these  plates  are  very  much  broader  than  long. 
As  the  distance  from  the  base  of  the  arms  increases,  the  proximal 
border  little  by  little  diminishes  in  length,  but  it  is  only  near  the 
extremity  of  the  arms  that  it  disappears;  the  plates  then  become 
triangular,  and  they  are  almost  as  long  as  broad. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  small,  transversely  broadened,  pentag- 
onal, with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two  concave 
sides;  the  two  lateral  borders  are  short,  and  they  converge  toward 
the  rather  narrow  distal  side,  into  which  they  pass  over  by  rounded 
angles.  The  following  plates  are  quadrangular,  with  the  proximal 
border  straight  and  narrower  than  the  convex  distal  border;  the 
sides  are  divergent  and  broadly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  scales. 
These  plates  are  at  first  as  long  as  broad;  they  then  become  a  little 
longer  than  broad,  and  at  the  same  time  their  proximal  border  be- 
comes more  and  more  narrow,  and  is  finally  replaced  by  a  very  open 
angle.  All  these  plates  are  in  contact. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  only  slightly  projecting,  each  bear 
three  subequal  spines  of  which  the  length  is  almost  equal  to  half 
that  of  the  segment ;  these  spines  are  thick  and  cylindrical,  and  their 
point  is  rounded ;  they  are  not  appressed  against  the  lateral  surfaces 


428  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

of  the  arms,  but  they  are  more  or  less  erect  and  consequently  very 
evident. 

The  tentacle  pores,  which  are  very  large,  are  each  covered  by  two 
large  rounded  scales,  the  external  scale  a  little  larger  than  the  in- 
ternal; these  two  scales  persist  throughout  the  whole  length  of  the 
arms. 

The  coloration  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  yellowish. 
Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Among  the  species  of  Ophiozo- 
nella  which  possess  two  tentacle  scales  throughout  the  whole  length 
of  the  arms  this  species,  in  the  form  of  the  mouth  shields  and  the 
other  mouth  pieces,  as  well  as  by  the  presence  of  three  arm  spines, 
recalls  especially  Lyman's  O.  tessellata,  but  the  arrangement  of  the 
dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  is  different,  the  radial  shields  are  smaller, 
and  they  do  not  possess  the  large  broadened  and  short  spine  on  their 
distal  border  in  O.  tessellata. 

The  specific  characters  which  I  have  described  are  always  well 
marked  in  all  the  specimens  which  I  have  been  able  to  examine, 
and  they  are  already  manifest  in  the  smallest  specimens. 

These  youngest  examples  already  show  the  same  robust  habitus  as 
the  adults,  and  they  also  have  thick  and  short  arms;  the  upper 
arm  plates  are  quadrangular  for  a  large  part  of  the  length  of  the 
arms,  the  arm  spines  are  thick  and  short,  etc.  This  may  be  deter- 
mined from  a  specimen  from  station  5114  in  which  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  is  only  8  mm.  and  of  which  the  arms  are  20  mm.  long 
(pi.  79,  fig.  10).  In  a  specimen  from  station  5305  the  diameter 
of  the  disk  is  9  mm.,  and  the  arms  are  25  mm.  long.  Another  in- 
dividual of  considerable  interest  is  that  from  station  5429  (pi.  79, 
fig.  5).  Its  disk  is  only  6  mm.  in  diameter;  the  arms,  which  are 
very  broad  at  the  base,  are  robust  and  taper  rapidly,  their  length 
not  exceeding  17  mm. ;  the  first  upper  arm  plates  are  quadrangular, 
and  their  proximal  angle,  which  narrows  little  by  little,  disappears 
only  toward  the  seventh  or  eighth  segment.  The  arm  spines  are 
thick  and  stout;  they  are  sometimes  three  in  number,  but  usually 
two,  even  on  the  first  arm  segments.  In  this  young  specimen  the 
mouth  shields  are  appreciably  broader  than  in  the  larger;  they  have 
exactly  the  form  which  I  described  in  1904  in  O.  molest  a  from  the 
single  very  young  individual  which  I  had  at  hand,  which  again 
confirms  the  specific  identity  which  I  have  seen  fit  to  establish. 

OPHIOZONELLA  SUBTILIS,  new  species. 

Plate  79,  figs.  3,  4,  9,  11,  12. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5371 ;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicin- 
ity; Tayabas  Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  43°  W.,  11.1  kilometers 
(6  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  49'  40"  N.,  long.  121°  40'  15"  E.) ; 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     429 

152  meters  (83  fathoms) ;  February  24,  1909;  gn.  M.  (m.  b.). 

Two  specimens   (Cat.  No.  41346,  U.S.N.M.) 

Albatross  station  5420;  between  Cebu  and  Bohol;  Cruz  Point 
(Bohol)  bearing  S.  20°  E.,  11.1  kilometers  (6  miles)  distant  (lat.  9° 
49'  35"  N.,  long.  123°  45'  00"  E.) ;  231  meters  (127  fathoms) ;  March 
24,  1909. 

Thirteen  specimens  (Cat  No.  40931,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing 
S.  11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N., 
long.  121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  929  meters  (508  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909; 
gy.  M.,  co.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat  No.  41345,  U.S.N.M.) 

Description. — I  shall  describe  this  species  from  the  two  specimens 
from  station  5371;  in  the  larger  the  diameter  of  the  disk  reaches 
10  mm.,  but  the  arms  are  all  incomplete;  in  the  smaller  the  diame- 
ter of  the  disk  is  8  mm.  and  the  arms  are  30  mm.  long;  the  arms 
are  slender,  thin  and  elongated,  only  slightly  broadened  at  the 
base,  and  they  taper  very  slowly.  The  specimens  from  stations 
5420  and  5423  are  identical  with  the  smaller  specimen  from  sta- 
tion 5371,  and  the  diameter  of  their  disk  varies  between  7  mm.  and 
8  mm.  The  arms  are  thin,  slender,  and  relatively  long.  In  differ- 
ent specimens  from  station  5420  the  diameter  of  the  disk  varies 
between  7  mm.  and  8  mm.,  and  the  arms,  which  are  very  long  and 
always  rather  narrow,  may  reach  a  length  of  40  mm. 

The  disk  is  subpentagonal ;  the  two  surfaces  are  almost  plane, 
passing  into  each  other  over  a  rounded  border.  The  dorsal  surface 
is  covered  with  numerous  unequal  plates,  among  which  there  is  dis- 
tinguishable a  certain  number  which  are  larger  than  the  others 
and  rather  uniform  in  size;  they  are  all  rounded;  between  them 
are  found  a  large  number  of  very  much  smaller  plates.  The  six 
primary  plates  are  scarcely  larger  than  the  others,  and  the  dorso- 
central  plate  is  a  little  smaller  than  the  five  radials;  between  these 
latter  and  the  central  plate  there  is  a  circlet  of  five  smaller  inter- 
radial  plates,  and  several  other  extremely  reduced  plates. 

The  other  large  plates  include  a  row  of  four  or  five  consecutive 
plates  which  occupy  the  middle  line  of  each  interradius;  these  are 
circular  except  that  on  the  periphery  of  the  disk,  which  is  trans- 
versely broadened.  In  the  radial  regions  there  is  a  large  plate  the 
external  border  of  which  lies  almost  at  the  level  of  the  proximal 
angle  of  the  radial  shields;  following  this  there  is  a  smaller  plate, 
then  a  series  of  three  or  four  rectangular  plates  which  are  continu- 
ous with  the  upper  arm  plates,  and,  with  the  preceding  plate,  sepa- 
rate the  two  radial  shields  of  each  pair.  Other  smaller  rounded 
plates  occur  intercalated  between  the  preceding,  especially  in  the 


430  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

interradii.  The  spaces  between  all  these  plates  are  filled  with  nu- 
merous extremely  small  unequal  plates  which  are  more  or  less 
rounded  and  not  imbricated.  The  radial  shields  are  rather  larger 
triangular,  with  the  angles  rounded,  and  very  much  longer  than 
broad;  their  length  exceeds  one-third  the  radius  of  the  disk;  the 
two  shields  of  each  pair  are  somewhat  divergent  and  they  are 
separated  for  their  entire  length  by  several  rows  of  plates. 

The  ventral  surface  is  covered  with  rather  large  plates  which  are 
irregularly  polygonal  and  somewhat  unequal.  The  genital  plates 
are  narrow  and  elongated.  The  genital  slits  are  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields  are  small,  narrow,  and  elongated,  pentagonal  in 
shape,  at  least  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle, 
and  a  strongly  convex  distal  border  which  is  continued  over  very 
rounded  angles  into  the  sides,  which  on  the  specimen  which  I  am  de- 
scribing are  almost  straight ;  on  other  specimens  these  sides  are  more 
or  less  excavated  by  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slits.  The  adoral  plates 
are  rather  broad  and  short,  narrower  inwardly  than  outwardly,  and 
they  send  off  a  usually  very  slender  process,  separating  the  mouth 
shield  from  the  first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular 
and  rather  large.  The  lateral  mouth  papillae  are  five  in  number; 
the  most  external  is  elongated  and  terminates  in  a  point  which  is 
recurved  to  follow  the  outline  of  the  adjacent  border  of  the  following 
papilla ;  this  is  rectangular,  very  broad,  broader  than  long ;  the  third, 
which  is  smaller,  is  narrower  and  almost  square ;  the  two  last  papillae 
are  conical  and  pointed. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  short,  transversely  broadened,  from 
two  and  a  half  to  three  times  as  broad  as  long.  The  second  is  rectangu- 
lar, with  a  straight  proximal  border,  very  divergent  sides,  and  a  very 
broad  distal  border  usually  broken  up  into  two  sides  passing  into 
each  other  by  a  very  obtuse  and  rounded  angle;  it  is  very  much 
broader  than  long ;  the  following  plates  are  triangular,  a  little  broader 
than  long,  with  a  proximal  angle  at  first  very  slightly  truncated  but 
rapidly  becoming  sharp;  the  distal  border  ordinarily  is  broken  up 
into  two  slightly  excavated  sides  which  pass  into  each  other  by  a  very 
obtuse  and  rounded  angle ;  the  lateral  angles  are  very  sharp.  These 
plates  are  in  contact  on  the  ten  or  twelve  first  arm  segments,  then  be- 
coming separated  by  a  narrow  space,  and  at  the  same  time  becoming 
a  little  longer  than  broad. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  transversely  broadened,  very  shortr 
pentagonal,  with  a  very  obtuse  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
straight  sides;  the  lateral  borders  are  short,  and  they  pass  over  into 
the  narrow  distal  side  by  rounded  angles.  The  second  plate  is  rectan- 
gular with  a  narrow  and  straight  proximal  border,  and  divergent 
sides  broadly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores ;  the  distal  border  is  very 
broad  and  slightly  rounded.  On  the  following  plates  the  proximal 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     431 

border  becomes  rapidly  smaller,  and  gives  place  to  an  acute  angle; 
the  plates  then  become  pentagonal.  At  some  distance  from  the  disk 
they  assume  a  simply  triangular  form  and  are  separated  by  a  narrow 
interval. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  project  only  slightly,  bear  three~very 
slender  cylindrical  and  pointed  arm  spines,  which  are  usually 
appressed  against  the  lateral  surface  of  the  arms;  their  length  does 
not  reach  usually  half  the  length  of  the  segment.  The  two  or  three 
first  arm  segments  often  bear  four  spines ;  the  two  dorsal  spines  are 
usually  close  to  each  other,  while  the  ventral  spine  is  somewhat  sepa- 
rated from  the  little  group  thus  formed ;  but  this  arrangement  is  only 
noticeable  on  the  first  arm  segments. 

The  rather  large  tentacle  pores  are  provided  with  two  scales 
throughout  the  length  of  the  arms ;  these  scales  are  subequal  and  of 
medium  size. 

The  color  of  the  specimens  in  alcohol  is  white  or  slightly  yellowish. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — Ophiozonella  swbtilis  is  evi- 
dently very  close  to  O.  molesta,  which  it  recalls  by  the  form  of  the 
mouth  shields ;  it  is  distinguished  from  it  by  its  very  much  less  robust 
habitus,  by  having  the  arms  narrower,  relatively  longer,  and  tapering 
less  rapidly.  The  plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  very 
numerous,  rounded,  and  separated  by  other  extremely  small  plates; 
the  radial  shields  are  more  elongated.  The  adoral  plates  are  thicker 
and  shorter;  the  oral  plates  are  larger.  The  upper  arm  plates  are 
triangular  from  the  third  or  the  fourth  outward,  and  the  two  tentacle 
scales  are  appreciably  smaller  in  O.  subtilis  than  in  0.  molesta;  the 
arm  spines  also  are  slender,  ordinarily  shorter  and  smaller,  appressed 
against  the  side  arm  plate,  and  not  very  evident ;  they  are  sometimes 
four  in  number  on  the  first  arm  segments  and  the  first  ventral  spine 
is  separated  from  the  others,  a  feature  not  found  in  O.  molesta. 

These  differences  certainly  are  not  due  to  the  age  of  the  individuals, 
or  to  their  lesser  size.  The  comparison  with  small  specimens  of  O. 
molesta,  such  as  those  from  station  5429  and  the  small  one  from  sta- 
tion 5114,  of  which  I  give  photographs  here  and  of  which  I  described 
the  characters  above,  is  quite  conclusive  and  shows  well  that  the  two 
species  are  very  distinct. 

OPHIOZONOIDA  OBSCURA,  new  species. 

Plate  80,  figs.  8,  9,  13. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5255 ;  Gulf  of  Davao ;  Dumalag  Island 
(S.)  bearing  S.  65°  W.,  8.34  kilometers  (4.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  7° 
03'  00"  N.,  long.  125°  39'  00"  E.)  ;  183  meters  (100  fathoms)  ;  May 
18,  1908 ;  sft.  M. 

A  single  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41155,  U.S.N.M.). 


432  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Description. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  does  not  exceed  2  mm. 
The  arms  are  8  mm.  in  length;  they  are  rather  narrow  at  the  base, 
and  their  width  diminishes  very  slowly;  the  arm  segments  are  a 
little  broader  than  long. 

The  disk  is  rounded ;  the  dorsal  surface  is  a  little  swollen,  and  the 
ventral  surface  is  plane.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  large 
imbricated  plates,  which  are  not  very  numerous,  among  which  may 
be  distinguished  a  central  group  of  six  plates  somewhat  irregularly 
arranged  and  doubtless  representing  the  primary  rosette;  the  dorso- 
central  plate  is  ellipsoidal  in  form;  the  five  other  plates,  which  are 
slightly  smaller,  are  rounded,  but  unequal.  Outside  of  these  plates 
there  may  be  recognized  in  the  radial  spaces  a  rather  large  triangular 
single  plate  which  extends  between  the  two  radial  shields  of  each 
pair,  separating  them  in  their  proximal  half.  In  the  interradial 
spaces  there  is  a  group  of  three  consecutive  plates;  the  first  is  large 
and  rounded,  the  second  is  rectangular  and  very  short,  and  the  third, 
which  is  almost  square,  reaches  the  periphery  of  the  disk.  Here  and 
there  a  very  small  plate  occupying  the  intervals  between  the  large 
plates  may  be  met  with,  but  these  are  very  rare.  The  radial  shields 
are  smaller  than  the  plates  of  the  central  rosette ;  they  are  triangular, 
almost  as  long  as  broad,  divergent  inwardly  and  in  contact  outwardly 
for  a  half  or  a  third  of  their  length.  This  length  is  a  little  greater 
than  one-third  the  radius  of  the  disk.  The  surface  of  all  these  plates 
is  rather  coarsely  granulose. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradial  spaces  is  occu- 
pied by  a  small  number  of  rounded,  somewhat  imbricated,  and  un- 
equal plates.  The  genital  slits  are  scarcely  evident,  and  very  narrow. 

The  mouth  shields,  which  are  of  medium  size,  are  pentagonal,  a 
little  longer  than  broad,  with  an  almost  straight  proximal  angle 
bounded  by  two  straight  sides,  and  two  straight  lateral  borders  con- 
verging toward  a  very  narrow  and  rounded  distal  side ;  this  distal 
side  is  sometimes  replaced  by  a  rounded  angle  and  the  mouth  shields 
then  assume  a  lozenge-shaped  form.  The  adoral  plates  are  rather 
broad,  almost  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  long  sides  straight 
and  parallel.  The  oral  plates  are  very  small  and  triangular.  The 
mouth  papillae  number  five  on  each  side.  The  three  outermost  papil- 
lae are  rounded  and  squamiform ;  the  proximal  papilla  is  slightly 
elongated,  conical,  with  the  point  blunted;  it  is  crowded  against  its 
neighbor. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  small,  quadrangular  or  trapezoidal, 
as  long  as  broad.  The  second  is  rectangular,  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
with  the  sides  divergent  and  the  angles  rounded.  The  following 
plates  are  large,  triangular,  with  a  sharp  proximal  angle  bounded 
by  two  straight  sides  which  pass  over  by  rounded  angles  to  the  distal 
border,  which  is  itself  slightly  rounded.  These  plates  are  as  long 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     433 

as  broad;  they  are  at  first  in  contact,  then  become  separated  by  a 
narrow  interval. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  rather  large,  triangular,  broader  than 
long.  The  following  are  very  large,  pentagonal,  with  a  sharp  proxi- 
mal angle  bounded  by  two  short  straight  sides,  and  two  lateral  bor- 
ders excavated  by  the  tentacle  scale  which  pass  over  by  very  rounded 
angles  into  the  distal  side,  which  is  broad  and  rounded.  The  proxi-. 
mal  angle  is  truncated  on  the  second  plate.  These  plates  are  almost 
as  long  as  broad,  and  they  are  in  contact  as  far  as  the  fourth,  thence 
becoming  separated  by  a  space  which  progressively  elongates,  and 
becomes  simply  triangular. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  rather  strongly  projecting,  bear 
three  spines  which  are  short,  thick,  and  subequal,  with  the  surface 
rugose. 

All  the  arm  plates  have  their  surface  covered  with  rather  coarse 
granules  like  the  plates  of  the  disk. 

The  tentacle  scale  is  single,  oval,  and  of  medium  size. 

The  general  color  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  body  is  rather 
dark;  it  is  a  brownish  green,  and  each  of  the  dorsal  plates  of  the 
disk  shows  a  large  very  dark  spot,  which  on  the  central  plates  covers 
almost  their  entire  surface.  The  upper  arm  plates  also  show  a 
similar  large  spot.  The  ventral  surface  is  very  much  lighter,  and 
the  plates  show  similar  but  very  much  smaller  and  less  well  marked 
spots. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — This  species  evidently  falls 
into  the  genus  Ophiozonoida,  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  very  recently 
erected  for  an  ophiuran  from  New  Zealand,  Ophiozona  picta  ('15, 
p.  340) ,  and  the  Philippine  species  is  so  close  to  it  that  I  have  hesi- 
tated to  separate  them.  But  the  differences  which  I  find  are  not 
negligible.  The  dorsal  plates  of  the  disk  are  less  numerous  and 
larger  than  in  the  New  Zealand  species,  the  mouth  shields  have  a 
slightly  different  outline  and  they  are  a  little  narrower  and  more 
elongated,  and  the  under  arm  plates  are  appreciably  larger.  The 
coloration  is  very  different.  The  dark  spots  on  the  large  dorsal 
plates  of  the  disk  cover  almost  the  whole  surface,  as  I  have  de- 
scribed above;  the  arms  are  not  at  all  annulated,  but  show  a  large 
dark  spot  on  each  upper  arm  plate.  The  coloration  is  quite  other- 
wise in  O.  picta,  and  the  spots  which  the  different  plates  show  are 
of  a  very  much  more  brilliant  color — "  dull  brownish  with  a  purple 
tinge,"  according  to  H.  L.  Clark.  These  spots  occur  on  the  small 
plates  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  and  are  not  confined  to  the 
large  plates,  and  they  also  occur  on  alternate  arm  segments,  while 
the  upper  arm  plates  of  the  segments  which  remain  light  show  a 
small  dark  spot.  This  elegant  livery  is  very  different  from  that  of 
the  Philippine  specimen,  which  is  very  dark  on  the  dorsal  surface. 

55269— 22— Bull.  100 28 


434  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

OPHIOMIDAS  REDUCTUM  Koehlcr. 

Ophiomidas  reductum  KGEHLEK  ('04),  p.  27,  pi.  5,  figs.  6-8. 
Ophiomidas  rcductus  H.  L.  CLAEK  ('15),  p.  342. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5668 ;  Macassar  Strait ;  Mamuju  Island 
(E.)  bearing  S.  31°  E.,  19.64  kilometers  (10.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  2° 
28'  15"  S.,  long.  118°  49'  00"  E.) ;  1,648  meters  (901  fathoms)  ;  De- 
cember 29, 1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen. 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5  mm.  It  is  a  little  smaller 
than  the  two  specimens  collected  by  the  Siboga,  upon  which  I 
established  the  species  and  in  which  the  diameter  was  from  6  mm. 
to  7  mm.  These  were  captured  in  8°  04'  07"  S.  latitude,  118°  44'  03" 
E.  longitude,  at  a  depth  of  2,060  meters  (1,125  fathoms). 

Ophiomidas  reductum  has  not  been  otherwise  found. 

OPHIOLEPIS  ANNULOSA   (Blainville) . 

See  for  bibliography: 
Ophiolepis  annnlosa  KCEHLEB  ('05),  p.  17;  (*05a),  p.  184;  ('07),  p.  287. — H. 

L.  CLAEK  ('08),  p.  289.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  300,  fig.  82. 
Ophiolepis  superba  H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  343;  ('15a),  p.  89. 

Localities. — Batan  Island;  tide  pools;  June  5,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  313,  U.S.N.M.). 

Ficas  Island;  San  Miguel  Harbor;  April  21,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  312,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — I  see  no  benefit  whatever  in  the  change  of  the  specific 
name  which  H.  L.  Clark  has  proposed  in  order  to  avoid  confusion 
between  the  Ophiura  annulosa  of  Blainville  and  the  Ophiura  an- 
nulosa  of  Lamarck,  these  two  species  having  been  for  a  very  long 
while  placed  in  two  different  genera  and  being  universally  known. 
Matsumoto  also  has  rejected  the  change  of  name  suggested  by  H.  L. 
Clark. 

OPHIOLEPIS  IRREGULARIS  Brock. 

Plate  80,  figures  1,  5,  10,  11. 

Ophiolepis  irregularis  BROCK  ('88),  p.  475. — BELL  ('84),  p.  395. — KCEHLEB 
('05),  p.  17.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  343. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5253;  Gulf  of  Davao;  Linao  Point 
bearing  N.  22°  E.,  2.78  kilometers  (1.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  04'  48" 
N.,  long  125°  39'  38"  E.)  ;  51  meters  (28  fathoms)  ;  May  18,  1908 ;  Co. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  40929,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  9  mm.  Two  of  the  arms  are 
almost  complete;  the  three  others  are  broken  off  at  some  distance 
from  the  base. 

The  specimen  does  not  quite  agree  with  Brock's  description,  and  it 
also  differs  slightly  from  the  examples  collected  by  the  Siboga,  of 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     485 

which  I  have  already  described  the  characters.  The  plates  of  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  are  arranged  more  irregularly  and  the 
difference  in  size  between  the  largest  and  the  smallest  is  less  marked. 
These  differences  have  no  great  importance. 

The  surface  of  the  upper  arm  plates  in  O.  irregularis  is  not  plane, 
but  is  raised  up  very  markedly  toward  the  distal  border,  as  may  be 
appreciated  from  the  lateral  view  of  the  arm  which  I  give  in  plate 
80  as  figure  1.  There  is  no  large  rounded  tubercle  like  that  observ- 
able in  O.  nodosa  Duncan  or  0.  rugosa  Kcehler;  there  is  a  thickening 
of  the  whole  distal  portion  of  the  plate  which  can  not  be  compared 
with  the  projecting  rounded  and  clearly  defined  tubercle  which  oc- 
curs in  the  last  two  species;  in  these  the  upper  arm  plates  are  very 
much  narrower  than  in  0.  irregularis. 

I  notice  that  the  majority  of  the  tentacle  pores  have,  in  addition 
to  the  two  wTell-known  scales,  a  very  small  supplementary  scale  situ- 
ated toward  the  proximal  border  of  the  pore.  There  may  also  be 
some  irregularities  in  the  arrangement  of  the  scales;  thus  some- 
times this  supplementary  scale  reaches  a  rather  large  size,  while  the 
two  normal  scales  become  smaller,  so  that  there  are  three  subequal 
scales.  This  peculiarity  has  already  been  described  by  Duncan  in 
O.  nodosa;  I  do  not  believe  that  this  constitutes  an  important  spe- 
cific character.  The  same  feature  has  also  been  described  by  Lyman 
in  O.  elegans,  and  I  find  it  also  in  other  species,  for  example,  in  O. 
affinis  Studer;  it  may  be  recognized  in  the  photographs  which  I 
published  of  these  two  species  in  1914  (see  Kcehler  '14a,  pi.  9,  figs. 
16,  18),  but  the  outlines  of  the  tentacle  scales  are  not  very  distinct, 
for  the  plates  have  suffered  somewhat  in  reproduction.  I  notice 
traces  of  this  third  scale  in  0.  cincta  Mliller  and  Troschel,  but  it  is 
here  less  developed  than  in  the  species  which  I  have  just  cited. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  body  shows  an  orange  coloration,  which 
is  very  pronounced,  especially  in  the  central  region  of  the  disk, 
surrounded  by  a  broad  black  circle  with  an  irregular  contour;  the 
arms  are  ringed  with  black.  The  ventral  surface  is  grayish  white 
studded  with  numerous  small  light  orange  spots. 

OPHIOPLOCUS  IMBRICATUS   (Muller  and  Troschel). 

See  for  bibliography: 

Ophioplocus  imlricatus  KCEHLER  ('05),  p.  18;  ('07),  p.  288;  ('07b),  p. 
243.— H.  L.  CLAEK  ('08),  p.  289;  ('11),  p.  30;  ('15),  p.  344;  ('15a),  p. 
89.— MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  301,  fig.  83. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5212;  east  of  Masbate;  Panalangan 
Point  bearing  S.  54°  30'  E.,  26.87  kilometers  (14.5  miles)  distant 


436  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

(lat.  12°  04'  15"  N.,  long.  124°  04'  36"  E.)  197  meters  (108  fathoms) ; 
April  20,  1908;  gy.  S.,  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41189,  U.S.N.M.). 

Port  Binanga,  Subig  Bay ;  January  9,  1908. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  316,  U.S.N.M.). 

Batan  Island ;  tide  pool ;  June  5,  1909. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  314,"lJ.S.N.M.). 

Dumurug  Point,  Masbate;  shore;  April  19,  1908. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  315,  U.S.N.M.). 

Reef  at  Nasugbu,  Luzon.  .'\ 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  317,  U.S.N.M.). 

No  locality. 

Two  specimens. 

Family  OPHIOLEUCIDAE. 

OPHIOCIRCE  INUTILIS  Kcehler. 

Ophiocirce  inutilis  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  13,  pi.  3,  figs.  4,  5.— H.  I,.  CLARK  ('15), 
p.  346. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5398;  between  Masbate  and  Leyte; 
Gigantangan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S.  45°  E.,  5.00  kilometers  (2.7 
miles)  distant  (lat.  11°  35'  12"  N.,  long.  124°  13'  48"  E.) ;  209 
meters  (114  fathoms)  ;  March  15,  1909;  gn.  M. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41198,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — These  two  specimens  agree  well  with  those  discovered  by 
the  Sfboga  in  latitude  9°  00'  03"  S.,  longitude  126°  24'  05"  E.  at  a 
depth  of  112  meters  (62  fathoms). 

The  species  has  not  otherwise  been  found. 

OPHIOPALLAS  PARADOXA  Kcehler. 

Plate  79,  figs.  1,  2. 

Ophiopallas  paradoxa  KCEHLEB  ('04),  p.  12,  pi.  3,  figs.  1-3. — H.  L.  CLARK 
('15),  p.  348. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5280;  China  Sea,  in  the  vicinity  of 
southern  Luzon;  Malavatuan  Island  (N.)  bearing  S.  60°  W.,  11.3 
kilometers  (6.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  55'  20"  N.,  long.  120°  25' 
55"  E.) ;  353  meters  (193  fathoms)  ;  July  17,  1908;  gy.  S. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41349,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5353;  Balabac  Strait;  Cape  Melville  Light  bear- 
ing S.  85°  E.,  31.13  kilometers  (16.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  7°  50'  45" 
N.,  long.  116°  43'  15"  E.) ;  271  meters  (148  fathoms) ;  January 
1,  1909. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41350,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5516;  Northern  Mindanao  and  vicinity;  Point 
Tagolo  Light  (Mindanao)  bearing  S.  80°  W.,  17.98  kilometers  (9.7 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     437 

miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  46'  00"  N.,  long.  123°  32'  30"  E.) ;  320  meters 
(175  fathoms) ;  August  9, 1909;  Glob. 

Nine  specimens  (Cat.  No.  41353,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5541;  Tagolo  Light  bearing  S.  65°  W.,  23.54 
kilometers  (12.7  miles)  distant  (lat.  8°  49'  38"  N.,  long.  123°  34' 
30"  E.) ;  401  meters  (219  fathoms)  ;  August  20,  1909;  fne.  S.,  brk. 
Sh. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  Nos.  41347,  41348,  41352,  U.S.N.M.). 

Philippines;  without  further  data. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41351,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  diameter  of  the  disk  averages  5  mm.  and  rarely  ex- 
ceeds 6  mm. 

The  arms  are  very  long  and  very  slender,  and  they  reach  60  mm. 
in  length  in  the  specimens  in  which  the  diameter  of  the  disk  is  5 
mm.  This  is  the  only  remark  which  I  have  to  add  to  the  descrip- 
tion which  I  gave  of  this  species  in  1904  based  upon  the  specimens 
collected  by  the  Siboga;  as  the  Albatross  specimens  are  a  little  larger 
and  better  preserved  than  those  from  the  Siboga  collection,  they  per- 
mit the  appreciation  of  this  arm  length,  which  seems  to  constitute 
one  of  the  characters  of  the  species;  since  the  Siboga  individuals 
had  all  the  arms  incomplete,  I  was  not  able  to  measure  their  length. 
This  length  may  be  judged  on  one  of  the  two  photographs  which  I 
give  here  (pi.  79,  fig.  2)  of  a  specimen  from  station  5116. 

I  find  also  that  there  always  occurs  toward  the  point  of  contact 
of  the  two  oral  plates  of  each  pair,  a  group  of  small  granules,  in- 
constant in  number,  which  appear  to  be  rather  decidous.  I  did  not 
observe  these  granules  in  the  Siboga  individuals  and  it  is  probable 
that  they  had  been  rubbed  off. 

Ophiopallas  paradoxa  was  discovered  by  the  Siboga  between 
0°-5°  S.  latitude  and  119°-132°  E.  longitude,  at  depths  varying  from 
204  to  450  meters  (112  to  270  fathoms).  It  has  not  been  seen  since. 

OPHIOPALLAS  VALENS,  new  species. 

Plate  80,  figs.  2-4. 

Locality. — Albatross  station  5178;  vicinity  of  Komblon;  Point 
Origon  (N.)  bearing  S.  5°  E.,  4.26  kilometers  (2.3  miles)  distant 
(lat.  12°  43'  00"  N.,  long.  122°  06'  15"  E.) ;  143  meters  (78  fathoms) ; 
March  25,  1908 ;  fne.  S. 

A  single  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41354,  U.S.N.M.). 

Description. — The  specimen  is  in  very  good  condition;  two  of  the 
arms  are  entire,  and  the  three  others  are  preserved  for  a  rather  large 
portion  of  their  length.  The  diameter  of  the  disk  is  13  mm.,  and 
the  arms  are  45  mm.  long. 

The  disk  is  rather  thick,  but  its  two  surfaces  are  plane  and  paral- 
lel; the  outline  is  subpentagonal.  The  dorsal  surface  is  rather 


438  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

strongly  notched  at  the  base  of  the  arms,  and  it  includes  at  least  the 
two  first  upper  arm  plates.  This  surface  is  covered  with  fine  and 
closely  crowded  granules,  which  occur  over  its  whole  extent  and  en- 
tirely cover  the  radial  shields ;  thanks  to  a  slight  difference  in  color, 
the  outlines  of  these  shields  may  however  sometimes  be  distinguished, 
and  they  are  seen  to  be  elongated  and  oval,  those  of  each  pair  widely 
separated  from  each  other,  and  also  separated  from  the  first  upper 
arm  plate,  by  several  rows  of  granules.  The  distal  extremities  of 
the  genital  slits  which  pass  on  to  the  dorsal  surface  in  accord- 
ance with  the  characteristics  of  the  genus,  extend  almost  to 
the  level  of  the  proximal  border  of  these  shields,  and  they  are  sepa- 
rated from  the  first  upper  arm  plates  by  several  rows  of  granules. 
This  dorsal  part  of  the  genital  slits  is  bordered  by  granules  some- 
what more  elongated  than  those  adjoining;  it  is  very  narrow  and 
sometimes  only  slightly  evident,  though  it  can  always  be  recognized, 
.and  there  is  not  doubt  regarding  the  generic  position  of  the  ophiuran. 

The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is  naked  over  the  greater  portion  of 
its  surface  and  it  showrs  at  the  periphery  a  narrow  border  of  gran- 
ules which  continues  along  the  genital  slits;  this  peripheral  border, 
which  includes  at  first  three  or  four  rows  of  granules,  becomes 
reduced  to  a  single  row  on  the  proximal  third  of  these  slits.  It  is 
probable  that  this  denudation  of  the  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  is 
accidental,  but  I  can  not  state  this  in  a  definite  manner.  The  por- 
tions of  the  ventral  surface  which  are  without  granules  are  covered 
with  small  unequal  plates,  which  are  irregularly  polygonal  and  not 
imbricated.  The  genital  slits  are  of  medium  size  and  slightly  broad- 
ened at  their  proximal  extremity  in  such  a  way  as  slightly  to  notch 
the  sides  of  the  corresponding  mouth  shields. 

These  shields  are  rather  large,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and 
pentagonal,  with  a  rather  open  proximal  angle  bordered  by  two 
straight  sides  passing  over  by  very  rounded  angles  to  the  two  lateral 
sides  which  are  slightly  convex  and  notched  toward  their  proximal 
third  by  the  bottom  of  the  genital  slits.  These  sides  also  pass  over 
by  rounded  angles  to  the  distal  border,  which  is  itself  slightly 
rounded.  The  adoral  plates  are  much  elongated  and  very  narrow, 
in  contact  in  the  median  interradial  line ;  they  broaden  a  little  out- 
wardly and  form  a  small  lobe  separating  the  mouth  shield  from  the 
first  side  arm  plate.  The  oral  plates  are  triangular,  twice  as  high  as 
broad,  and  covered  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  median  interradial 
line  by  a  group  of  rounded  granules  a  little  larger  than  those  of  the 
disk.  The  two  or  three  granules  which  cover  the  tip  of  the  oral 
plates  are  slightly  elongated  in  the  direction  of  the  mouth.  The 
mouth  papillae  usually  number  six  on  either  side.  The  outermost 
papilla  is  large,  squamiform,  very  much  broadened,  at  least  three 
times  as  long  as  broad,  a  little  broader  inwardly  than  outwardly,  with 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     439 

the  free  border  rounded ;  it  is  inserted  both  on  the  oral  plate  and  on 
the  adoral.  The  following  papilla  is  very  much  smaller,  almost 
quadrangular,  and  a  little  broader  than  long;  the  three  following  are 
small,  conical,  and  pointed,  but  the  proximal  papilla  is  stronger,  and 
almost  of  the  same  size  as  the  unpaired  papilla  which  terminates  the 
jaw,  and  which  is  also  conical  and  pointed.  Beyond  the  outermost 
mouth  papilla  there  is  a  papilla  inserted  on  the  first  under  arm  plate 
Avhich  is  much  elongated,  narrow,  pointed,  and  slightly  recurved. 

The  arms  are  rather  broad  at  the  base,  and  when  they  are  viewed 
from  the  ventral  surface,  it  may  be  seen  that  their  width  increases 
progressively  and  rather  rapidly  as  far  as  the  border  of  the  disk, 
then  decreases  very  much  more  gradually. 

The  first  upper  arm  plate  is  very  small,  triangular,  with  the  angles 
rounded.  The  second,  which  is  larger,  is  trapezoidal  with  a  narrow 
proximal  border  and  very  divergent  sides.  These  two  plates  are 
always  included  in  the  radial  incisions  of  the  disk.  The  third  plate 
is  very  much  larger  than  the  preceding;  it  is  trapezoidal,  also  with 
divergent  sides,  and  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  long.  The 
granules  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  stop  at  a  variable  level  on 
this  plate,  and  sometimes  they  reach  its  distal  border.  The  following 
plates  are  quadrangular,  very  much  broader  than  long,  with  straight 
borders ;  the  proximal  border  is  a  little  narrower  than  the  distal,  and 
the  sides  are  slightly  divergent. 

The  first  under  arm  plate  is  short  and  very  much  broadened,  at 
least  three  times  as  broad  as  long ;  its  proximal  border,  which  is  very 
broad,  curves  outwardly  and  passes  over  by  sharp  angles  to  the  short 
and  oblique  sides;  the  distal  border  is  straight  and  as  broad  as  the 
proximal  side  of  the  second  plate.  The  following  plates  are  quad- 
rangular, broader  than  long,  with  the  proximal  border  straight;  the 
distal  border,  which  is  a  little  broader,  is  very  slightly  notched  in 
the  middle  and  rounded  on  either  side  of  the  notch;  the  sides  are 
broadly  excavated  by  the  tentacle  pores  and  they  pass  over  into  the 
distal  border  by  sharp  angles. 

The  side  arm  plates,  which  are  not  very  projecting,  carry  at  the 
base  of  the  arms  eight  spines;  this  number  soon  falls  to  seven  and 
then  to  six.  These  spines  are  slender,  flattened,  broadened,  and 
pointed,  more  or  less  lanceolate  in  form,  and  appressed  against  the 
side  arm  plate.  The  three  or  four  first  ventral  spines  have  almost  the 
length  of  the  segment,  the  following  little  by  little  become  shorter, 
and  the  last  only  reaches  a  length  of  half  a  segment. 

The  tentacle  scales  are  two  in  number  throughout  the  whole  length 
of  the  arms;  they  are  very  large  and  oval;  the  internal  scale  is  a 
little  larger  than  the  external,  which  it  slightly  overlaps. 


440  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

The  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  of  a  rather  light  brown ;  the  arms 
are  a  little  darker.  In  the  middle  of  each  upper  arm  plate  there  is  a 
more  or  else  elongated  white  spot,  which  on  the  eight  or  ten  first  seg- 
ments comes  in  contact  with  the  following  spot  in  such  a  way  as  to 
form  an  almost  continuous  band.  At  intervals  a  feebly  marked  white 
annulation  occurs.  The  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  and  of  the  arms  is  a 
slightly  yellowish  white  except  for  the  denuded  portion  of  the  ven- 
tral surface  of  the  disk,  which  is  quite  white. 

Affinities  and  distinctive  features. — The  type  of  the  genus  OpJiio- 
pallas  is  0.  paradoxa,  which  was  discovered  by  the  Siboga  in  the 
Sunda  Archipelago  and  rediscovered  by  the  Albatross  at  the  differ- 
ent stations  given  above.  The  new  species  is  distinguished  from  O. 
paradoxa  by  a  more  robust  habitus,  by  having  the  arms  broader  and 
shorter,  by  having  the  arm  spines  flattened  and  lanceolate  in  form,, 
their  length  diminishing  toward  the  dorsal  side,  while  in  0.  para- 
doxa the  dorsal  spines  are  the  longest,  by  having  the  disk  more 
strongly  notched  at  the  base  of  the  arms  on  the  dorsal  surface,  by  the 
pointed  proximal  angle  of  the  mouth  shields,  by  the  considerable 
broadening  of  the  outermost  mouth  papilla,  by  the  form  of  the  under 
arm  plates,  the  distal  border  of  which  is  slightly  notched,  and  espe- 
cially by  the  presence  of  two  tentacle  scales  instead  of  a  single  one. 

OPHIERNUS  ADSPERSUS  Lyman. 

See  for  bibliography : 

Ophiernus  adspersus  KCEHLER  ('04),  p.  20;  ('07),  p.  251.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('11), 
p.  95;  ('13),  p.  212.— K(EHLER  ('14),  p.  95.— H.  L.  CLARK  ('15),  p.  347.— 
MATSUMOTO  ('17),  p.  307. 
Ophiernus  annectens  LUTKEN  and  MORTEN  SEN  ('99),  p.  107. 

Localities. — Albatross  station  5123;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Mala- 
brigo  Light  bearing  N.  44°  W.,  60.23  kilometers  (32.5  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  12'  45"  N.,  long.  121°  38'  45"  E.) ;  51T  meters  (283  fath- 
oms) ;  February  2,  1908 ;  gn.  M. 

Twenty  specimens  (Cat,  No.  E.  353,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5124;  east  coast  of  Mindoro;  Point  Origon  (N.) 
bearing  S.  56°  E.,  38.45  kilometers  (20.75  miles)  distant  (lat.  12° 
52'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  48'  30"  E.)  ;  514  meters  (281  fathoms)  ;  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1908 ;  sf t.  gn.  M. 

Five  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  355,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5373;  Marinduque  Island  and  vicinity;  Tayabas 
Light  (outer)  bearing  N.  20°  E.,  27.79  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant 
(lat.  13°  40'  00"  N.,  long.  121°  31'  10"  E.)  ;  618  meters  (338 
fathoms) ;  March  2, 1909;  sft.  M. 

One  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41331,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5423;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S. 
11°  E.,  8.89  kilometers  (4.8  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  38'  30"  N.,  long. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     441 

121°  11'  00"  E.);  929  meters  (508  fathoms);  March  31,  1909;  gy. 
M.,  co.  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  350,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5424;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S. 
11°  W.,  6.30  kilometers  (3.4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  05"  N.,  long. 
121°  12'  37"  E.)  ;  622  meters  (340  fathoms)  ;  March  31,  1909;  co.  S. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  349,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5425;  Jolo  Sea;  Cagayan  Island  (S.)  bearing  S. 
14°  E.,  7.41  kilometers  (4  miles)  distant  (lat.  9°  37'  45"  N.,  long. 
121°  11'  00"  E.) ;  905  meters  (495  fathoms) ;  March  31,  1909;  gy.  M., 
co.  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  342,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5428 ;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity ;  30th  of  June 
Island  bearing  N.  62°  W.,  36.14  kilometers  (19.5  miles)  distant  (lat. 
9°  13'  00"  N.,  long.  118°  51'  12"  E.) ;  2,021  meters  (1,105  fathoms) ; 
April3, 1909;  gy.  M. 

Three  specimens  (Cats.  Nos.  41330,  E.  345,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5429;  eastern  Palawan  and  vicinity;  Fondeado 
Island  (S.)  bearing  N.  18°  E.,  27.80  kilometers  (15  miles)  distant 
(lat.  9°  41'  30"  N.,  long.  118°  50'  22"  E.) ;  1,401  meters  (766 
fathoms) ;  April  5,  1909;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  348,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5465 ;  east  coast  of  Luzon,  San  Bernardino  Strait 
to  San  Miguel  Bay;  Atulayan  Island  (E.)  bearing  S.  50°  W.,  13.53 
kilometers  (7.3  miles)  distant  (lat.  13°  39'  42"  N.,  long.  123°  40'  39" 
E.) ;  915  meters  (500  fathoms)  ;  June  17, 1909;  gy.  M.  (m.  b.). 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  352,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5586;  Sibuko  Bay,  Borneo,  and  vicinity;  Sipadan 
Island  (M.)  bearing  W.,  17.42  kilometers  (9.4  miles)  distant  (lat. 
4°  06'  50"  N.,  long.  118°  47'  20"  E.)  ;  635  meters  (347  fathoms) ; 
September  28,  1909 ;  gy.  M. 

Four  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  354,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5602;  Gulf  of  Tomini,  Celebes;  Gorontalo  Pier 
bearing  N.,  13.16  kilometers  (7.1  miles)  distant  (lat.  0°  22'  00"  N., 
long.  132°  03'  30"  E.)  ;  1,759  meters  (962  fathoms) ;  November  14, 
1909;gy.M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  346,  U.S.N.M.). 

A Ibatross station  5637;  Bouro  Island  (south)  and  vicinity;  Amblau 
Island  (N.)  bearing  N.  80°  E.,  38.92  kilometers  (21  miles)  distant 
(lat.  3°  53'  20"  S.,  long.  126°  48'  00"  E.) ;  1,280  meters  (700 
fathoms)  ;  December  10,  1909;  gy.  M. 

A  small  specimen  (Cat.  No.  41332,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5648;  Buton  Strait;  North  Island  (S.)  bearing 
N.  87°  E.,  18.90  kilometers  (10.2  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  35'  00"  S., 


442  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


long.  122°  20'  00"  E.)  ;  1,022  meters  (559  fathoms)  ;  December  16, 
1909 ;  gn.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  341,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5654;  Gulf  of  Boni,  Celebes;  Cape  Tabako  bear- 
ing N.  17°  E.,  39.84  kilometers  (21.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  42'  00" 
S.,  long.  120°  45'  50"  E.) ;  1,472  meters  (805  fathoms) ;  December 
18,  1909. 

Two  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  347,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5657;  Gulf  of  Boni;  Olang  Point  bearing  N.  61° 
W.,  28.72  kilometers  (15.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  3°  19'  40"  S.,  long. 
120°  36'  30"  E.) ;  900  meters  (492  fathoms) ;  December  19,  1909'; 

gy-M. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  351,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5660;  Flores  Sea;  Cape  Lassa  bearing  S.  88°  W., 
37.99  kilometers  (20.5  miles)  distant  (lat.  5°  36'  30"  S.,  long.  120° 
49'  00"  E.) ;  1,266  meters  (692  fathoms);  December  20,  1909;  gy 
M.,  S. 

Three  specimens  (Cat.  No.  E.  343,  U.S.N.M.). 

Albatross  station  5668;  Macassar  Strait;  Mamuju  Island  (E.) 
bearing  S.  31°  E.,  19.64  kilometers  (10.6  miles)  distant  (lat.  2°  28'  15" 
S.,  long.  118°  49'  00"  E.)  ;  1,648  meters  (901  fathoms)  ;  December 
29, 1909 ;  gy.  M. 

One  specimen  (Cat.  No.  E.  344,  U.S.N.M.). 

Notes. — The  majority  of  these  specimens  are  in  rather  bad  condi- 
tion and  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  is  almost  always  torn  away. 
All  are  white  in  color,  except  those  from  station  5654,  which  are  a 
very  dark  gray. 

Ophiernus  adspersus  has  a  very  great  geographical  and  bathymet- 
rical  range.  It  lives  at  very  different  depths  from  291  to  3,653  meters 
(159  to  1,997  fathoms).  In  1911  H.  L.  Clark  listed  the  principal 
regions  in  which  this  species  has  been  found.  It  was  he  who  estab- 
lished the  synonymy  of  O.  adspersus  and  of  0.  amiectens;  I  refer  to 
his  memoir  for  further  details  (H.  L.  Clark  '11,  p.  96.). 

LIST  OF  STATIONS,  WITH  THE  SPECIES  FOUND  AT  EACH. 


Latitude  N. 

Depth. 

Sta- 
tions. 

(unless 
otherwise 

Longi- 
tude E. 

Species. 

specified). 

4781 
4893 

52  14  30 
32  32  00 

174  13  00 

128  32  50 

Meters.  Fatnoms. 
882           482 
194-178    106-95 

Ophioripa  marginata,  Ophioripa  nugator, 
Ophiomoeris  obstricta. 

4935 

30  57  20 

130  35  10 

238 

103 

Ophiogymnafulgens. 

4948 
5070 
5080 

31  19  00 
35  03  25 
34  10  30 

131  23  00 
138  47  40 
138  40  00 

119 
198 
924 

65 
108 
505 

Oph  iogymna  fulgens  . 
Ophiogymna  fulgent*. 
Ophiogymnafulgens,  Ophiocten  hastatum. 

5097 
5100 

14  19  15 
14  17  15 

120  33  52 
120  32  40 

55 
64 

30 

35 

Ophiura  kinbergi. 
Amphipholis  misera. 

5104 

14  45  48 

120  12  20 

60 

33 

Ophiura  kinbergi. 

5105 
5107 

14  43  55 
14  24  30 

120  12  50 
120  33  40 

4f» 
51 

25 

28 

Ophiura  kinbergi. 
Ophiura  kinbergi. 

OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     443 


List  of  stations,  ivith  the  species  found  at  each — Continued. 


Latitude  N. 

Depth. 

Sta- 

(unless 

Longi- 

. 

tions,     otherwise 

tude  E. 

Spscies. 

i  specified). 

5108 

14  05  05 

120  19  45 

Meters.  Fatnoms. 
24             13 

Neoplax  crassipcs,  Ophiothrix  coronata,  Ophiothrix 

nereidina,  Ophiothrix  propinqua,  Ophiothrix  pur- 
purea,  Ophiothrix  spinosissima,  Ophiocoma  lineo- 

lata. 

5109 

14  03  45 

120  16  30 

16 

10 

Ophiothrix  trilineata,    Ophiocoma   erincus,  Ophio- 
coma lineolata,  Ophiomastix  lutkeni,  Ophiomastix 
mixta. 

5111 
5113 
5114 

5115 

13  45  15 
13  51  30 
13  36  11 

13  37  11 

120  46  30 
120  50  30 
120  45  26 

120  43  40 

432 
290 
622 

622 

236 
159 
340 

340 

Amphiura  diomedeae. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Amphioplus  rhadinobrachius. 
Ophiomusium  facetum,   Ophiomusium  facundum, 
Bathypectinura  conspicua,  Ophiozonella  molesta. 
Ophiozonella  molesta. 

5116 

13  41  00 

120  47  05 

366 

200 

Ophiacantha  pentagona,  Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Ophio 
trcta  gratiosa,  Ophiothrix  koreana. 

5117 

13  52  22 

120  46  22 

216 

118 

Ophiogymna  fulgens. 

5118 

13  48  45 

120  41  51 

290 

159 

Ophiothrir  capillaris. 

5119 

13  45  05 

120  30  30 

721 

394 

Ophiacantha    composita,    Ophioplinthaca    globata, 
Ophiolimna  perfida,  Ophiactis  definita,  Amphio- 
plus legcitus. 

5123 

13  12  45 

121  38  45 

518 

283 

Ophiophryxus  confinis,  Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophi- 
otreta  gratiosa,  Ophiactis  savignyi,  A  mphiura  unci- 
nata,    Ophiomusium  facundum,    Opniernus   ad- 

spersus. 

5124 

12  52  00 

121  48  30 

514 

281 

Opnioplinthaca    rudis,    Ophiotreta   gratiosa,    Ophi- 

5127 

10  02  45 

121  48  15 

1.752 

958 

omusium  facundum,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Ophiomusium  elegans,  Ophiomusium  facetum. 

5131 

49 

27 

Ophiothrix  foveolata,    Ophiothrix    stelligera     Ophi- 

ogymna pulchella. 

5132 

48 

26 

Ophiogymna  pulchella. 

5133 

70 

38 

Ophiogymna  pulchella. 

5135 

6  11  50 

121  08  20 

294 

161 

Ophiomyxa  irregularis,  Ophiacantha  dallasii,  Ophi- 

ocamax  rugosa,    Ophiothrix  koreana,    Ophioaoris 
malignus,     Ophiomusium     scalare,     Ophiolipus 
granulatus. 

5136 
5138 
5139 

6  04  20 
6  06  00 
6  06  00 

120  59  20 
120  58  50 
121  02  30 

40 
35 
37 

22 
19 
20 

Ophiactis  maculosa,  Ophiopteron  elegans. 
Ophiothrix  stelligera,  Ophiogymna  fulgens. 
Ophiactis  savignyi,  Ophiothrix  stelligera.  Ophiothrix 
striolata,  Ophiothrix  vitrea,  Ophiothela  danae,  Ophi- 

5140 
5141 

6  08  45 
6  0900 

121  03  00 
120  58  00 

139 
53 

76 
29 

opezella  spinosa,  Ophiarachnella  nitens. 
Opniomyxa  irregularis,  Ophiothrix  signata. 
Ophiothrix    martensi,    Ophiothrix    stelligera,    Ophi- 

ogymna fulgens,  Ophiopezella  spinosa. 

5142 

6  06  10 

121  02  40 

38 

21 

Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

5143 

6  05  50 

121  02  15 

35 

19 

Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

5144 
5145 

6  05  50 
6  04  30 

121  02  15 
120  59  30 

35 

42 

19 
23 

Ophiothrix  stelligera. 
Ophiothrix   stelligera.   Ophiomaza  fusca,    Ophiactis 

savignyi,  Amphiodia  crassa,  Ophiothrix  martensi. 

5146       5  46  40 

120  48  50 

44 

24 

Ophiothrix  melanosticta,  Ophiothrix  stelligera,  Ophio- 

i 

thrix  striolata. 

5147 

5  41  40 

120  47  10 

38 

21 

Ophiothrix  expedita,  Ophiothrix  martensi,  Ophiothrix 
melanosticta,  Ophiothrix  stelligera,  Ophiothrix  strio- 

lata,   Ophiothela    danae  }    Ophiomaza    cacaotica, 
Ophiactis  savignyi,  Ophiurodon  cinctus. 

5148 

5  35  40 

120  47  30 

31 

17 

Ophiothrix  stelliaera. 

5149 
5150 
5151 
5152 

5  33  00 
5  23  20 
5  24  40 
5  22  55 

120  42  10 
120  35  45 
120  27  15 
120  15  45 

16 
38 

44 
62 

10 
21 
24 
34 

Ophiothrix  expedita,  Ophiothrix  stelligera. 
Ophiopteron  elegans,  Ophiopteron  puncto-coeruleum. 
Ophiogymna  elegans,  Ophiothela  danae. 
Ophiothrix  lepida,  Ophiothrix  proteus,  Ophiogymna 

elegans,   Ophiopteron  gratum,   Peclinura   yoldii, 

Ophiarachnella  nitens. 

5153       5  18  10 

120  02  55  |              90 

49 

Ophiothrix  infirma,   Ophiothrix  lepida,   Ophiothrix 
stelligera,     Ophiacantha     dallasii,     Ophiacantha 

longidens. 

5154 
5158 

5  14  50 
5  12  00 

119  58  45 
119  54  30 

22 
22 

12 
12 

Ophiogymna  elegans. 
Ophiothrix  pusttla,  Ophiothrix  stelligera,  Amphiura 

5159 
5160 

5  11  50 
5  12  40 

119  54  00 
119  55  10 

16 
22 

10 
12 

ambigua,  Ophiura  kinbergi. 
Ophiothrix  striolata,  Ophionereis  dubia. 
Ophiothrix  exigua,  Ophiura  kinbergi. 

5161 
5163 

5  10  15 
4  59  10 

119  53  00 
119  51  00 

29 
51 

16 

28 

Amphioplus  luciaus,  Ophiarachnella  nitens. 
Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

5164 

5  01  40 

119  52  20 

33 

18 

Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

5165 

458  20 

119  50  30 

16 

9 

Ophiothrix  expedita,  Ophiothrix  spinosissima,  Ophio- 

gymna elegans,  Ophiarachnella  gorgonia,  Ophiar- 

5166 

4  56  10 

119  46  00 

177 

97 

thrum  elegans,  Ophiocoma  brevipes. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophiogema  punctata,  Ophio- 

camax rugosa. 

5167 
5168 
5169 
5170 

4  55  10 
4  56  30 
432  15 
4  28  00 

119  45  30 
119  45  40 
119  22  45 
119  19  30 

201 
146 
16 
234 

110 
80 
10 
128 

Ophiogema  punctata,  Ophiocamax  rugosa. 
Ophiothrix  crassispina,  Ophiocamax  rugosa. 
Ophiothela  danae,  Ophiura  kinbergi. 
Ophiothrix  crassispina. 

444  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

List  of  stations,  with  the  species  found  at  each — Continued. 


Sta- 
tions. 

Latitude  N. 
(unless 
otherwise 
specified). 

Longi- 
tude E. 

Depth. 

Species. 

Meters.  Fathoms. 

5172 
5173 

603  15 
6  02  55 

120  35  30 
120  53  00 

582 
340 

318 

186 

Ophiomyxa  irregularis,  Ophiarachna  quinquespinosa. 
Ophiocopa  singularis. 

5174 

603  45 

12057  00 

37 

20 

Ophiomyxa  irregularis,  Ophiocanops  fugiens,  Ophio- 
trix  hirsuta,  Ophiothrix  melanosticta,  Ophiothrix 

stelligera,  Cryptopelta  tccta. 

5178 

12  43  00 

122  06  15 

143 

78 

Ophiopallas  valens. 

5179 

12  38  15 

122  12  30 

68 

37 

Ophiothrix  elegans,  Ophiothrix  koreana,  Ophiothrix 

tongipeda,  Ophiothrix  nereidina,  Ophiothrix  pavida> 

Ophiothrix  plana,  Ophiothrix  purpurea,  Ophiothrix 

vitrea,  Ophtopteron  elegans. 

5181 
5187 

11  36  40 
9  16  45 

123  26  35 
123  00  00 

48 
412 

26 
225 

Ophiothrix  exigua,  Ophiocentrus  vexator. 
Ophiothrix  koreana,  Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophio- 

camax  rugosa. 

5194 

11  15  30 

124  11  00 

271 

148 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5197 

9  52  30 

123  40  45 

318 

174 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5198 

9  40  50 

123  39  45 

403 

220 

Ophiothrix  capillaris. 

5201 

10  10  00 

125  04  15 

1,013 

554 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa,    Ophioplinthca   globata,  Ophio 

plinthaca  rudis. 

5202 
5203 

10  12  00 
9  58  00 

125  04  10 
125  07  40 

918 
1,417 

502 

775 

Ophiomusiumfacundum. 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 

5205 

11  19  30 

124  58  05 

15 

8 

Ophiomaza  cacaotica,  Ophiactis  savignyi. 

5206 

11  31  40 

124  42  40 

59 

32 

Amphioplus  relictus. 

5207 

11  38  05 

124  40  45 

64 

35 

A  mphioplus  relictus,  Ophiura  kinberai. 

5212 

12  04  15 

124  04  36 

198 

108         Ophiothrix  cumulata,  Ophiothrix  koreana,  Ophioplo- 
cus  imbricatus. 

5213 

12  15  00 

123  57  30 

146 

80       !  Ophiothrix  koreana,   Ophiogymna  funesta,    Ophio- 

ceramis  aeclinans. 

5214 

12  25  18 

123  37  15 

399 

218 

Ophioceramis  declinans. 

5215 

12  31  30 

123  35  24 

1,105 

604 

Ophiothrix  pusilla. 

5216 
5218 

12  52  00 
13  11  15 

123  23  30 
123  02  45 

393 
37 

215 
20 

Bathypectinura  conspicua. 
Ophiothrix  pusilla,  Ophiothela  vincula,  Ophiopezella 

spinosa. 

5219 

13  21  00 

122  18  45 

970 

530 

Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophio- 
limna  perfida,  Ophialcoea  congesta. 

5220 

13  38  00 

121  58  00 

91 

50 

Amphilimna  multispina. 

5221 

13  38  15 

121  48  15 

353 

193 

Ophiothrix  koreana,  Amphilimna  multispina. 

5222 

13  38  30 

121  42  45 

357 

195 

Amphilimna  multispina. 

5223 

13  3600 

121  25  30 

357 

195 

A  mphilimna  mutispina  . 

5236 

8  50  45 

126  26  52 

904 

494 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 

5244 

6  5205 

126  14  15 

313 

171 

A  mphioplus  relictus. 

5247 

70200 

125  38  45 

247 

135 

Amphioplus  relictus. 

5248 

7  07  25 

125  40  24 

33 

18 

Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

5249 

7  06  06 

125  40  08 

42 

23 

Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophiothrix  nereidina,  Ophio- 

thrix   pusilla,     Ophionereis    semoni,     Ophiactis 

savignyi,  Ophiocentrus  asper. 

5253 
o254 

7  04  48 
7  05  42 

125  39  38 
125  39  42 

51 
38 

28 
21 

Opyiogymna  elegans,  Ophiolepis  irregularis. 
Ophiothrix  nereidina. 

5255 
5256 

7  03  00 
7  21  45 

125  39  00 
124  07  15 

183 
289 

100 
158 

Ophiogymnafulgens,  Ophiozonoida  obscura. 
Ophiura  micrantha. 

5257 

7  22  12 

124  12  15 

51 

28 

Ophiothrix  koreana,  Ophiothrix  purpurea,  Ophiactis 
savignyi. 

5259 
5260 

11  57  30 
12  25  35 

121  42  15 
121  31  35 

571 

428 

312 
234 

Ophiura  fastigiata,  Ophiomusium  facundum. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris. 

5261 

12  30  55 

121  34  24 

265 

145 

A  mphiodia  crassa. 

5263 

12  38  30 

121  37  30 

Ophiomusium  facetum. 

5265 

13  41  15 

120  00  50 

247 

135 

Ophiothrix  koreana. 

5268 

13  42  00 

120  57  15 

310 

170 

Amphiophiura  insolita. 

5274 

13  57  30 

120  03  25 

960 

525 

Amphiophiura  pauperat  Amphiophiura  spatulifera, 

5275 

13  55  55 

120  10  15 

214 

117 

Bathypectinura  conspicua. 
Ophiocamax  rugosa. 

5280 

13  55  20 

120  25  55 

353 

193 

Ophiomitrella  subjecta,  Ophioplinthaca  hastala,  Ophio- 

plinthaca pulchra,  Ophiopallas  paradoxa. 

5281 

13  52  45 

120  25  00 

368 

201 

Amphiura  diomedex. 

5282 
5283 

13  53  00 
13  48  30 

120  26  45 
120  28  40 

454 
510 

248 
280 

Amphiodia  crassa,  Ophiomusiumfacundum. 
Ophiomusium  lymani. 

5286 

13  38  15 

120  34  20 

823 

450 

Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5289 

13  41  50 

120  58  30 

315 

172 

Amphiophiura  insohta. 

5292 

13  28  45 

121  01  12 

296 

162 

Ophiomyxa  bengalensis. 

5297 

13  41  20 

120  58  00 

362 

198 

Amphiophiura  insolita. 

5299 

2005  00 

116  05  00 

958 

524 

Amphiophiura  sordida. 

5300 

20  31  00 

115  49  00 

485 

265 

Ophiotreta    gratiosa,   Ophiomitrella  subjecta,   Am- 

phiophiura sordida,  Ophiozonella  molesta. 

5301 

20  37  00 

115  43  00 

380 

208 

Stegophiura  sterilis. 

5302 

21  42  00 

114  50  00 

70 

38 

Ophiocentrus  aculeatus. 

5305 

21  54  00 

114  46  00 

68 

37 

Ophiozonella  m-olesta. 

5306 
5321 

20  55  00 
20  19  30 

116  40  00 
121  51  15 

310 

48 

170 
26 

Ophiotreta  valcnciennesi. 
Ophiothrix  aspidota,  Ophiothrix  hybrida,  Ophiothrix 

5325 

18  34  15 

121  51  15 

410 

224 

propinqua,  Ophiactis  savignyi. 
Ophiomitrella  subjecta,  Amphiura  diomedex,  Ophi- 

actis profundi. 

OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     445 
List  of  stations,  ivith  the  species  found  at  each — Continued. 


Sta- 
tions. 

Latitude  N. 

(unless 
otherwise 
specified). 

Longi- 
tude E. 

Depth. 

Species. 

0          ,           „ 

0           ,         /, 

ifftert. 

Fathoms. 

~      —    — 

5332 

12  47  15 

120  41  00 

1,363 

745 

Ophiura  aequalis. 

5339 

11  22  00 

119  00  00 

96 

52 

Amphioplus  luctator. 

5342 

10  56  55 

119  17  24 

26-46 

14-25 

Ophiothrix  prostrata,  Amphioplus  relictus,  Ophiura 

kinbergi. 

5348 

10  57  45 

118  38  15 

686 

375 

Ophiacantha  duplex,  Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophio- 
copa  singulans,  Amphiura  grandisquama,  Ophio- 

chiton  fastigatus,  Amphiactis  duplicata,  Ophiura 

clemens. 

5349 

10  54  00 

118  26  20 

1,335 

730 

Ophiotreta    matura,    Ophiotrema    tertium,    Ophio- 

musium lymarii. 

5353 
5355 
5356 
5357 

7  50  45 
8  08  10 
8  08  40 
8  06  00 

116  43  15 
117  19  15 
117  18  45 
117  17  10 

271 
80 
106 
124 

148 
44 
58 
68 

Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Ophiopallas  paradoxa. 
Ophiothrix  striolata,  Ophiactis  savignyi. 
Amphiophiura  canaliculata,  Ophiomusium  simplex. 
Ophiomusium  simplex. 

5358 

6  06  40 

118  18  15 

71 

39 

Amphioplus  nugator,  Amphioplus  relictus,  Ophiura 
kinbergi. 

5359 

8  12  45 

120  37  15 

4,160 

2,  275 

Ophiotreta  matura,  Ophiomedea  discrepant,  Amphi- 

5366 

13  39  00 

120  58  30 

439 

240 

lepis  protecta. 
Amphiophiura  insolita. 

5367 

13  34  37 

121  07  30 

329 

180 

Ophiacantha  pentagona,  Ophiothrix  capillaris. 

5369 

13  48  00 

121  43  00 

194 

106 

Amphioplus  impressus. 

5371 

13  49  40 

121  40  15 

152 

83 

Amphipholis  misera,  Amphioplus  impressus,  Am- 
phioplus lucidus,  Ophiozonella  subtihs. 

5373 

13  4000 

121  31  10 

618 

338 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophiothrix  koreana,  Ophiomu- 

sium facundum,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 

5374 

13  46  45 

121  35  08 

348 

190 

Ophioplinthaca  globata. 

5375 

13  42  15 

121  50  15 

196 

107 

Amphipholis  loripes,  Amphilimna  multispina. 

5376 

13  42  50 

121  51  30 

165 

90 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 

5377 

13  26  00 

122  19  00 

732 

400 

Ophioplinthaca  globata. 

5378 

13  17  45 

122  22  00 

722 

395 

Ophiodera  neglecta,  Ophiomusium  facundum. 

5391 

12  13  15 

124  05  03 

216 

118 

Ophiothrix  koreana. 

5392 

12  12  35 

124  02  48 

246 

135 

Ophiothrix  koreana,  Ophiomusium  morio. 

5393 

12  03  30 

124  03  36 

249 

136 

Ophiogymna  fulgens. 

5398 
5399 

11  35  12 
11  21  45 

124  13  48 
124  05  00 

209 
59 

114 
32 

Ophiura  kinbergi,  Ophiocirce  inutilis. 
Ophiacantha  dallasii. 

5400 

11  24  34 

124  05  30 

46 

25 

Ophiothrix  pusilla,  Ophiactis  savignyi,  Ophiurodon 

permixtus,  Amphiophiura  stellata. 

5401 

11  24  45 

124  06  00 

55 

30 

Ophiothrix  exigua,  Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophiothrix 
striolata,  Ophiactis  savignyi. 

5402 

11  11  45 

124  15  45 

344 

188 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5404 

10  50  00        1  124  26  18 

348 

190 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5406 

10  49  03 

124  22  30 

545 

298 

Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5407 

10  51  38 

124  20  54 

640 

350 

Ophiothrix  capillaris. 

5409 

10  38  00 

124  13  08 

346 

189 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5410 
5413 
5414 

10  28  45 
10  10  35 
10  10  40 

124  05  30 
124  03  15 
124  02  45 

704 
76 

385 
42 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Amphioplus  conductus. 
Ophiogymna  fulgens,  Amphiura  grandisquama. 
Ophiogyptis    nodosa,    Ophiothrix    deceptor,    Ophio- 

gt/mna  fulgens. 

5415 

10  07  50 

123  57  00 

161 

88 

Ophiocamax   rugosa,   Ophiura  kinbergi,   Pectinura 

5420 

9  49  35 

123  45  00 

231 

127 

xqualis. 
Ophiothrix  koreana,   Ophiacantha  confusa,   Ophio- 

treta gratiosa,  Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Amphiophiura 

insolita,  Ophiura  kinbergi,  Ophiozonella  bispinosa, 

Ophiozonella  subtilis. 

5421 
5423 

10  33  30 
9  38  30 

122  26  00 
121  11  00 

251 
929 

137 
508 

Ophiocnemis  marmorata,  Ophiozonella  bispinosa. 
Astrochans  virqo,  Ophiomceris     tenera,     Ophiotreta 

erimia,   Ophiotreta  gratiosa,   Ophioplinthaca  glo- 
bata, Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiomusium  facetum, 
Ophiomusium  lymani,  Ophiozonella  subtilis,  Ophi- 

ernus adspersus. 

5424 
5425 

9  37  05 
9  37  45 

121  12  37 
121  11  00 

622 
905 

340 
495 

Ophiotreta  matura,  Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophio- 
plinthaca rudis,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Ophiotreta  matura,  Amphiophiura  spatulif  era,  Ophi- 

ernus adspersus. 

5428 

9  13  00 

118  51  15 

2,021 

1,105 

Ophiurothamnus  excavatus,  Ophiomusium  armatum, 
Ophiomusium  elegans,  Ophiozonella  casta,  Ophi 

emus  adspersus. 

5429 

9  41  30 

118  50  22 

1,401 

766 

Ophiomusium.  facetum,  Ophiozonella  molesta,  Ophi- 

ernus adspersus. 

5432 
5440 
5442 
5444 

10  37  50 
16  33  52 
16  30  36 
12  43  51 

120  12  00 
119  52  54 
120  11  06 

124  58  50 

93 
315 
82 
563 

51 
172 
45 

308 

Ophiothrix  proteus,  Ophiomusium  simplex. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophiocamax  rugosa. 
Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Ophiura  kinbergi. 
Asteronyx  loveni,  Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophiotreta 
matura,      Ophiohmna     perfida,      Homalophiura 
inornata,  Ophiomusium  lunar  e. 

5445 

12  44  42 

124  59  50 

701 

383 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis,   Ophiotreta  gratiosa,   Ophio- 

limna  perfida,  Ophiomusium  ligatum,  Ophiomu- 

sium lunar  e,  Homalophiura  inornata,  Bathypec- 
tinura  conspicua. 

5447 

13  28  00 

123  46  18 

567 

310 

Ophiolimna  perfida. 

446  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

List  of  stations,  with  the  species  -found  at  each — Continued. 


Sta- 
tions. 

Latitude  N. 
(unless 
otherwise 
specified). 

Longi- 
tude E. 

Depth. 

Species. 

0         /          // 

0           /         II 

Meters.  Fathoms. 

5448 

13  23  10 

123  45  19 

86 

47 

Ophiura  kinbergi. 

5450 

13  23  15 

124  00  30 

746 

408 

Ophiotreta  matura,  Ophiotoma  assimilis. 

5459 
5460 

13  10  21 
13  32  30 

123  59  54 
123  58  06 

368 
1,033 

201 
565 

Ophiocamax  rugosa. 
Ophiotoma  assimilis,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5465 
5467 

13  39  42 
13  35  27 

123  40  39 
123  37  18 

915 

878 

500 
480 

Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiotreta  matura,  Ophiura 

clcmens. 

5468 

13  35  39 

123  40  28 

1,040 

569 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5470 

13  37  30 

123  41  09 

1,024 

560 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 

5471 
5475 
5476 

13  34  57 
12  55  26 
12  56  24 

123  47  06 
124  22  12 
124  25  24 

•1,039 
357 
494 

568 
195 
270 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiura  aequalis. 
Amphiura  grandisquama,  Amphiadis  duplicata. 
Amphiophiura  insolita. 

5487 

10  02  45 

125  05  33 

1,338 

732 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 

5488 

10  00  00 

125  06  45 

1,412 

772 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiotreta  matura. 

5491 
5492 

9  24  00 
9  12  45 

125  12  00 
125  20  00 

1,346 
1,344 

736 
735 

Ophiobyrsella  intorta. 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiotreta  matura,  A  inphiura. 
demissa,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5494 

906  30 

125  1840 

1,240 

678 

Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5495 

9  06  30 

125  00  20 

1,785 

976 

Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5499 

8  41  30 

124  35  40 

1,013 

554 

Ophiotreta  matura. 

5501 

8  37  37 

124  35  00 

391 

214 

Ophiotreta  matura. 

5502 

8  37  37 

124  35  00 

391 

214 

A  stroceras  pergamena. 

5503 

836  26 

124  36  08 

413 

226 

Astroceras  pergamena. 

5504 

8  35  30 

124  36  00 

366 

200 

Ophiothrix  capillaris. 

5505 

8  37  15 

124  36  00 

402 

220 

Ophiothrix  capillaris.  Ophiacantha  pentagona,  Ophio- 
treta matura,  Ophiotoma  assimihs,  Bathypedinura 

conspicua. 

5506 

8  4000 

124  31  45 

479 

262 

Ophiotreta  mutura. 

5510 
5511 

8  16  00 
8  15  20 

124  03  50 
123  57  00 

774 
750 

423 
410 

Ophiodera  neglecta,  Ophioplinthaca  globata. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophio- 

treta  matura. 

5512 

8  1602 

123  58  26 

814 

445 

Ophiotreta  matura. 

5515 
5516 

8  34  48 
846  00 

124  01  24 
123  32  30 

Ophiotreta  matura,  Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 
Ophiopallas  paradoxa. 

320 

175 

5517 

8  45  30 

123  33  45 

309 

169 

Ophiothrix  aristulata. 

5518 
5519 

848  00 
8  47  00 

123  31  00 
123  31  15 

366 
335 

200 
182 

Ophiothrix  capillaris. 
Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Ophioceramis  declinans,  Ophio- 
thrix  aristulata,  Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophiogymna 

fulgens. 

5520 

8  41  15 

123  18  30 

186 

102 

Ophiocamax  rugosa. 

5521 

847  00 

123  22  30 

404 

221 

Ophiotreta  matura. 

5522 

8  49  00 

123  26  30 

421 

230 

Ophiacantha  pentagona,  Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophiac- 

tis profundi. 

5523 

8  48  44 

123  27  35 

Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Ophiothrix  artistulata,  Ophio- 
thrix capillaris,  Pectinura  aequalis. 

5524 

8  58  07 

123  32  45 

658 

360 

Ophiothrix  longipeda. 

5526 

8  1245 

123  45  30 

1,472 

805 

Ophiotreta  matura. 

5527 

9  2230 

123  42  40 

717 

392 

Ophiacantha  pentagona,  Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophio- 
plinthaca pulchra,  JDphialcoea  congesta,  Ophiomu- 

siumfacundum. 

5529 

9  23  45 

123  39  30 

807 

441 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5535 
5536 

9  20  30 
9  15  45 

9  11  00 

123  23  45 
123  22  00 

123  23  00 

567 
510 

465 

310 
279 

254 

Amphiura  diomedeae. 
Ophiacantha  legata,  Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophiocamax 
rugosa,  Ophiothrix  capillaris. 
Amphiphohs  misera. 

5538 

9  08  15 

123  23  20 

.     468 

256 

Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophiotreta  matura,  Ophiomu- 

siumfacundum. 

5541 

8  49  38 

123  34  30 

401 

219 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophiocamax  rugosa,  Pectinura 
aequalis,    Ophioceramis    declinans,    Ophiopallas 

5543 

8  47  15 

123  35  00 

296 

162 

paradoxa. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris,  Ophiomitra  dives,  Ophiocarrw,x 

rugosa. 

5545 

6  04  45 

121  20  20 

209 

114 

Ophiogymnafulgens. 

5551 

5  54  48 

120  44  24 

353 

193 

Amphiophiura  sordida. 

5554 

5  52  27 

120  52  18 

46 

25 

Ophiothrix  martensi,  Ophiothrix  stelligera,  Ophiactis 

savignyi. 

5555 
5558 
5560 

5  51  15 
5  51  33 
5  5200 

120  58  35 
121  00  58 
121  01  06 

62 
27 
26 

34 

15 
14 

Ophiopezella  spinosa. 
Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophiarachnella  gorgoma. 
Ophiothrix  capillaris. 

5573 

5  28  30 

120  13  00 

22 

12 

Do. 

5576 

5  25  56 

120  03  39 

507 

277 

Do. 

5577 
5582 
5585 

5  20  36 
4  19  54 
4  07  00 

119  58  51 
118  58  38 
118  49  54 

439 
1,628 
871 

240 
890 
476 

Ophiomocris  spinosa,  Ophioplinthaca  pulchra. 
Ophiochitonfastigatus,  Ophiura  flageltata. 
Ophiochitonfastigatus,  Amphiophiura  sordida. 

5585 
5587 
5589 

406  50 
4  10  35 
4  12  10 

118  47  20 
118  37  12 
118  38  08 

635 
759 
476 

347 
415 
260 

Ophioplinthaca  hastata,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Ophiadis  definita,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 
Ophiacantha  pacata,  Ophiotreta  gratiosa,   Ophiadis 

5592 

4  1244 

118  27  44 

558 

305 

definita. 
Ophiophryxus  confinis,  Ophiacantha  benigna,  Am- 

phiura agitato,  Amphiura  dejecta. 

OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      447 
List  of  stations,  with  the  species  found  at  each — Continued. 


Sta- 
tions. 

Latitude  N. 
(unless 
otherwise 
specified). 

Longi- 
tude E. 

Depth. 

Species. 

—     — 

5593 
5601 

4  02  40 
1  13  10 

118  11  20 
125  17  05 

Meters. 
69 
1,399 

Fathoms. 
38 
765 

Ophiolhrix  vitrea. 
Ophiura  aequalis,  Ophiozonella  media. 

5601a 

1  13  10 

125  17  05 

1,399 

765 

Ophiacantha  composita,  Ophiodoris  contrarius,  Am- 
phiophiura radiata,  Ophiura  aequalis,  Ophiomu- 

sium lymani. 

5602 

0  22  00 

132  03  30 

1,759 

962 

Ophiura  irrorata,  Ophiomusium  lymani,  Ophiernus 

adspersus. 

5603 

0  24  00 

123  03  45 

1,469 

803 

Ophiomusium  lymani. 

5605 

0  21  33 

121  34  10 

1,183 

647 

Astrothamnus  deficient,  Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophio- 
treta eximia,  Ophiactis  profundi,  Ophiura  aequalis, 

Ophiomusium   elegans,  Ophiomusium   impotent, 

Ophiomusium  lymani. 

5606 

0  16  28          121  33  30 

1,525 

834 

Ophiacantha  vorax,  Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiotreta 
eximia,  Ophientrema  leucostictum,  Ophiomusium 
lymani. 

5608 

0  08  00  S.      121  19  00 

1,992 

1,089 

Ophiomusium  lymani,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5610 

0  36  00  S.      122  01  00 

1,240 

678 

Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 

5612 
5613 
5614 

0  38  00  S.      121  45  40 
0  42  00  S.      121  44  00 
0  31  00           125  58  45 

1,372 
1,375 
2,012 

750 
752 
1,100 

Ophiura  aequalis. 
Ophiopyrgus  planulatus,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 
Ophiura  irrorata,  Ophiomusium  fimbriatum,  Ophio- 

j 

musium  lymani. 

5617 

0  49  30        I  127  25  30 

240 

131 

Ophiomyxa  irregularis,  Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophio- 

j 

treta  matura,  Bathypectinura  conspicua. 

5618 

0  37  00 

127  15  00 

763 

417 

Ophiophthalmus     relictus,     Ophiomelina     placida, 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiotrela  matura,    Ophio- 

limna perfida,  Homalophiura  inornata. 

5619 

0  35  00        i  127  14  40 

796 

435 

Ophiothamnus  venustus,  Ophiotreta  eximia,  Ophio- 

limna   perfida    Ophiactis    definita,    Ophiochiton 

fastigatus,  Amphiophiura  sordida,  Homalophiura 

inornata. 

0  15  00           127  24  35 

545 

298 

0014   I 

503 

275 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 

5623 

0  16  30          127  30  00 

497 

272 

Ophiomitrella  sagittata,   Ophiotreta  gratiosa,  Ophio- 
musium elegans,  Ophiomusium  facundum,  Ophio- 

musium lymani. 

5624 

0  12  15 

127  29  30 

527 

288 

Ophiomusium  elegans. 

5626 
5629 

0  07  30 
0  50  00  S. 

127  29  00 
128  12  00 

485 
375 

265 
205 

Ophiotreta  gratiosa. 
Ophiomyxa  irregularis,  Ophiacantha  serera,   Ophio- 

melina  placida,    Ophiomitrella  sagittata,    Ophio- 

5630 

0  56  30  S. 

128  05  00 

1,041 

569 

plinthaca  pulchra,  Ophiotreta  spatulifera. 
Ophiacantha   composita,    Ophiophthalmus  relictus, 

5631 
5637 

0  57  00  S. 
3  53  20  S. 

127  56  00 
126  48  00 

1,480 
1,280 

809 
700 

Amphiophiura  improba. 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Amphiophiura  improba. 
Ophiomitrella  exilis,  Ophioplinthaca  chelys,  Ophiac- 
tis  definita,   Amphuepis    remittens,    Ophternu* 

adspersus. 

5639 

3  54  50  S. 

123  27  20 

2,853 

1,560 

Amphiophiura  sculptilis. 

5640 

4  27  00  S. 

122  55  40 

44 

24         Ophiothrix  lepida.  ' 

5645 

5  29  06  S. 

122  36  06 

377 

206       1  Ophiacantha  sever  a. 

5646 
5647 

5  31  30  S. 
5  34  00  S. 

122  22  40 
122  18  15 

834 
949 

456         Ophiomusium  properum. 
519       j  Ophiomyces  delata,  Ophiophthalmus  relictus,  Ophio- 
limna perfida,    Ophiotoma     assimilis,     Ophiura 

aeaualis.  Ovhiura  flaqellata. 

5648 

5  35  00  S. 

122  20  00 

1,022 

559 

Ovhiophthalmus    relictus,     Ophioplinthaca     rudis, 

5650 

4  53  45  S.      121  29  00 

988 

'Ophiotreta  eximia,  Ophiotrela  matura,  Ophiomyces 
delata,  Amphiophiura  sordida,  Ophiura  aequalis, 
Bathypectinura  conspicua,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
540       !  Asteronyx  loveni,  Ophiochiton  fastigatus,  Ophiomu- 

5651 

4  43  50  S. 

121  23  24 

1,280 

700 

sium  ligatum,  Ophiomusium  spinulosum. 
Ophiomyces  delata,   Ophiolimna  perfida,  Amphio- 
phiura sordida,  Ophiura  flagellata,  Ophiomusium 

j 

lymani,  Ophiomusium    relictum,    Ophiomusium 

spinulosum. 

5652 

5654 
5656 
5657 

4  35  00  S. 

3  42  00  S. 
3  17  40  S. 
3  19  40  S. 

121  23  06 

120  45  50 
120  36  45 
120  36  30 

960 

1,472 

885 
900 

525 

805 
484 
492 

Ophiophthalmus    relictus,    Amphiophiura    sordida, 
Ophiura  fluctuans,  Ophiomusium  lymani. 
Ophioplinthaca  rudis,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Ophioplinthaca  globata,  Ophioplinthaca  rudis. 
Ophiophthalmus    relictus,     Ophioplinthaca    rudis, 

5658 

3  32  40  S. 

120  31  30 

933 

510 

Bathypectinura  conspicua,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Amphiactis  duplicata. 

5660 

5  36  30  S. 

120  49  00 

1,266 

692 

Ophiurothamnus     stultus,    Ophioplinthaca     rudis, 

5661 

5  49  40  S. 

120  24  30 

329 

180 

Homalophiura  inflata,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 
Ophiomelina     placida,     Ophioplinthaca     pulchra, 

Ophiura  micrantha,  Ophiarachnella  honorata. 

5664 

4  43  22  S. 

118  52  18 

732 

400 

Ophioplinthaca  pulchra. 

5668 

2  28  15  S. 

118  49  00 

1,648 

901 

Ophiodictys  uncinatus,  Ophiomusium  altum,  Oph- 

iomidas  reductum,  Ophiernus  adspersus. 

5670 

1  19  00  S. 

118  43  00 

2,160 

1,181 

Ophiomusium  lymani. 

448  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

List  of  stations,  with  the  species  found  at  each — Continued. 


Shore  Stations. 


Species. 


Batan  Island . 


Bavao 

Bonin  Island 

ReefofCebu 

Dumurug  Point,  Masbate. 


Ficas  Island,  San  Miguel  Harbor. . . 

Jqlo  Island 

Limbones  Cove 

Lippo  Point 

Mactan  Island 

Makinog .' 

Makasser  Island 

Malcochin  Harbor,  Linapalan  Island 

Maricaban 

Mariveles,  Luzon 

Marongas  Island 


Naso  Point,  Panay 

Beef  of  Nasugbu,  Luzon. 


Negros  Island 

Port  Palapag 

Pandanon  Island 

Sabtan 

Sitanki  Island 

Siasi 

Subig  Bay,  Port  Binan  g 

San  Juanico  Strait 

San  Pascual,  Burias  Island 

Little  Santa  Cruz,  Mindanao 

Manila  Harbor 

Tataan  Passage,  Simulac  Island . 

TavaoBay . 

Tobea  Island 

Nan  Wan,  Formosa 

West  coast  of  Java 

Celebes 

Samoa 

Hakodate. . . 


Kagoshima 

Otaru 

"Wakanoura,  Kiushu 

Yenoshima 

Philippines  (no  further  indication). 
No  locality  mentioned 


Ophiarachna  gorgonia,  Ophiolepis  annulosa,  Ophioplocus  imbricatus, 
Ophiarthrum  elegans,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiothrix  longipeda. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiothrix  galatheae,  Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophioplocus  imbricatus, 
Ophiocoma  brevipes,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiolepis  annulosa. 

Ophiactis  savignyi,  Ophiomastix  annulosa. 

Ophiomaza  cacaotica. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiomastix  flaccida,  Ophiarthrum  elegans. 

Ophiocoma  brevipes. 

Ophiothrix  galathese,  Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiomastix  vcnosa. 

Ophiothrix  galathese,  Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiothrix  expedita,  var.  rhabdota,  Ophiothrix  martensi,  Ophiothrix 
stelligera,  Ophiothrix  striolata,  Ophiactis  savignyi,  Ophiarthrum 
elegans,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  brevipes. 

Ophiothrix  galatheae,  Ophiarachnella  gorgonia,  Ophioplocus  imbricatus  t 
Ophiocoma  brevipes,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina,  Ophiomastix  annu- 
losa. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiothrix  galatheae,  Ophiarthrum  elegans,  Ophiocoma  brevipet, 
Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiura  Icinbergi,  Ophioplocus  imbricatus,  Ophiocoma  erinaceus, 
Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiactis  affinis. 

Ophiarachnella  gorgonia,  Ophiocoma  brevipes. 

Ophiocoma  wendtii. 

Amphioplus  relictus. 

Ophiarachnella  infernalis,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiothrix  longipeda. 

Ophiothrix  longipeda. 

Amphipholis  miser  a.  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

Ophiothrix  armata. 

Ophiothrix  longipeda,  Ophiocoma  wendtii,  Ophiarthrum  elegans. 

Amphiura  commutata,  Amphipholis  Tcochii,  AmphiphoUs  misera, 
Ophiopholis  mirabilis,  Stegophiura  sladeni,  Ophiura  mitescens,  Ophi- 
ura sarsii. 

Amphioplus  relictus. 

Amphiura  vadicola,  Amphiodia  debita,  Ophiura  Icinbergi. 

Ophiura  Itinbergi. 

Ophiothrix  marenzelleri,  Ophiura  Icinbergi. 

Ophiothrix  melanosticta,  Ophiothrix  stelligera.  Ophiopallas  paradoxa. 

Ophiothrix  bellax,  Ophiothrix  martensi,  Ophiothrix  stelligera,  Ophio- 
thrix strioata,  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina,  Ophioplocusio  iombricatus, 
Ophiacantha  graphica,  Ophiophthalmus  suspectus. 


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and  Sea-Urchins  obtained  by  the  F.  I.  S.  Endeavour  on  the  Coast  of 
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cording to  a  new  classification.  Journal  of  the  College  of  Science.  Vol.  38, 
art  2,  Tokyo,  1917. 


LIST  OF  TYPE  SPECIMENS. 

The  following  specimens  have  been  designated  by  the  Museum  as 
types  of  the  new  species  described  by  M.  Kcehler : 


Name. 


Page. 


Catalogue 
No. 


Locality. 


Amphilepis  remittens 202 

Amphilimna  multispina 183 

Amphiodia  debita 168 

Amphiophiura  canaliculata 357 

Amphipphiurafastigiata 359 

Amphiophiura  spatulifera 365 

Amphipplus  conauctus 172 

Amphipplus  kgatus 169 

Amphipplus  lucidus 176 

Amphipplus  luctator 178 

Amphipholis  loripes 164 

Amphiura  commutata 152 

Amphiura  dejecta 154 

Amphiura  demissa 156 

Astrothamnus  deficient 35 

Crytopelta  tecta 350 

Neoptax  crassipes 22 

Ophiacantha  benigna 45 

Ophiacaniha  graphica i 51 

Ophiacantha  legata 53 

Ophiacaniha  pacata 57 

Ophiacantha  severa 61 

Ophiactis  definita 187 

Ophiarachna  quinquespinosa 331 

Ophiobyrsella  intorta 27 

Ophipcanops  fugiens 26 

Ophiocentrus  vexator 200 

Ophipcopa  singularis 98 

Ophipdyctis  uncinatus 42 

Ophiogema  punctata 67 

Ophiogymnafunesta 292 

Ophiomazafusca 299 

Ophipmedea  discrepans 95 

Ophipmitra  dives 107 

Ophiomitrella  exilis 110 

Ophiomitrella  sigittata Ill 

Ophiomitrella  subjecta 114 

Ophipmusium  armatum 389 

Ophipmusiumfacetum 394 

Ophiomusium  facundum 398 

Ophiomusium  fimbriatum 403 

Ophiomusium  impotens 406 

Ophipmusium  ligatum 408 

Ophipmusium  mono 413 

Ophiomusium  spinulosum 418 

Ophippallas  valens 437 

Ophipphrixus  confinis 30 

Ophiophthalmus  suspectus 127 


41112 

E.1049 

E.1048 

41341 

41344 

41074 

41161 

41179 

41126 

41157 

41190 

E.1046 

E.1047 

41177 

E.158 

41391 

E.193 

41235 

41233 

41373 

41234 

41238 

E.1050 

E.128 

E.331 

41080 

E.1051 

41280 

41017 

E.1040 

E.1053 

41167 

41196 

E.1042 

40949 

E.1043 

E.1044 

40923 

41370 

41369 

E.188 

40920 

E.80 

40993 

E.190 

41354 

E.333 

41164 


Station  5637. 
Station  5375. 
Otaru,  Japan. 
Station  5356. 
Station  5259. 
Station  5274. 
Station  5410. 
Station  5119. 
Station  5371. 
Station  5339. 
Station  5375. 
Hakodate,  Japan. 
Station  5592. 
Station  5492. 
Station  5605. 
Station  5174. 
Station  5108. 
Station  5592. 
No  locality. 
Station  5536. 
Station  5589. 
Station  5645. 
Station  5119. 
Station  5172. 
Station  5491. 
Station  5174. 
Station  5181. 
Station  5348. 
Station  5668. 
Station  5166. 
Station  5213. 
Station  5145. 
Station  5359. 
Station  5543. 
Station  5637. 
Station  5629. 
Station  5325. 
Station  5428. 
Station  5127. 
Station  5623. 
Station  5614. 
Station  5605. 
Station  5445. 
Station  5392. 
Station  5651. 
Station  5178. 
Station  5123. 
No  locality. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     453 


Name. 

Page. 

Catalogue 
No. 

Locality. 

Ophioplinthaca  globata        

132 

E  1045 

Station  5123 

Ophioplinthaca,  hastate,  

137 

41002 

Station  5586 

Ophiopteron  gratum            

302 

41307 

Station  5152 

Ophiopyrous  plcinulcttus 

355 

40928 

Station  56]  3 

Ophioripa  marginata 

118 

41129 

Station  4781 

Ophioripa  nugator 

119 

41128 

Station  4781 

Ophiothrix  bellax 

211 

41026 

No  locality 

OphiothTix  cumulata               

220 

E  1052 

Station  5212 

Ophiothrix  deceptor                            

225 

E.  13 

Station  5414. 

Ophiothrix  pavida            

252 

41018 

Station  5179. 

Ophiothfix  pTostrata 

257 

41023 

Station  5342 

Ophiothrix  sionata 

263 

41069 

Station  5140 

Ophiotrema  tertiwn 

88 

41150 

Station  5349 

Ophiotreta  spatulifera  . 

81 

41197 

Station  5629 

Ophiozonella  subtilis    

428 

E  1056 

Station  5371. 

Ophiozonoida  obscura              

431 

41155 

Station  5255. 

Ophiura  Jluctuans  

377 

E.1055 

Station  5652. 

Ophiura  mitescens  

383 

41200 

Hakodate,  Japan. 

Ophiurothamnus  excavatus  

105 

E.1041 

Station  5428. 

Stegophiura  sterilis 

370 

E  1054 

Station  5301 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 

The  outlines  of  many  of  the  figures  have  suffered  somewhat  owing  to  the  limitations 
of  the  process  of  reproduction. 

All  figures  enlarged  unless  otherwise  stated. 

PLATE  1. 
Astrothamnus  deficient  from  station  6605. 

FIG.  1.  An  entire  specimen,  dorsal  surface. 

2.  Lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

3.  The  same. 

4.  Ventral  surface  or  an  arm. 

5.  A  hook-shaped  spine. 

6.  Lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

7.  The  same. 

8.  Lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

9.  Slightly  oblique  view  of  an  arm  near  the  tip. 
10.  Ventral  surface  of  the  disk. 

PLATE  2. 

FIG.  1.  Neoplax  crassipes  from  station  5108 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  Ophiocanops   fugiens  from  station  5174;  dorsal  surface  of  an  entire 

specimen. 

5.  The  same;  a  vertebra,  with  the  side  arm  plates. 

6.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm  treated  with  Javelle  water. 

7.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  with  the  arm  spines. 

8.  The  same ;  oblique  view  of  an  interradial  area  of  the  disk,  to  show  the 

adoral  plates. 
.  The  same;  arm  spines. 

13.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

14.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  the  disk. 

15.  The  same ;  lateral  surface  of  the  disk,  showing  the  madreporic  orifice. 


454  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED   STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  16.  17.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm  treated  with  Juvelle  water. 
18.  Ophiamyxa  irregularis  from  station  5172;  lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

PLATE  3. 
Ophiophrixus  confinis. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5592 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  The  specimen  from  station  5123 ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  with  the  arm  spines. 

6.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  entire  specimen. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  more  magnified. 

8.  The  specimen  from  station  5592 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  4. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiarachna   affinis;  ventral   surface  of   a   specimen   from   Amboina. 

2.  Ophiobyrsella  intorta  from  station  5491;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

3.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  with  the  arm  spines. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  entire  specimen.    Reduced. 

5.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  the  disk. 

6.  Ophiarachna  incrassata  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  5. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomyxa  irregularis  from  station  5172;  ventral  view  of  the  entire 
specimen. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

3.  Ophiamoeris  obstricta  from  station  4893 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiomyxa  lengalensis  from  station  5292;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  6. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiophthalmus  suspectws;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophiodera  neglecta  from  station  5378 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

4.  Ophiomyxa  irregularis  from  station  5172 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

5.  Ophiogyptis  nodosa  from  station  5414;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Ophiodera  neglecta  from  station  5378;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  7. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiarachna  qumquespinosa  from  station  5172;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

4.  Ophiodictys  uncinatm  from  station  5668 ;  a  hook-shaped  spine. 

5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm  toward  the  proximal  third. 

6.  The  same ;  two  arm  spines  from  about  the  middle  of  an  arm. 

7.  The  same ;  a  hook-shaped  spine. 

8.  The  same;  a  side  arm  plate  seen  in  profile. 


OPHIUBANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     455 

FIG.  9.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  entire  specimen.    Reduced. 

10.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

11.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm  near  the  tip. 

PLATE  8. 

FIG.  1.  Ophientrema  leucostictum  from  station  5606;  dorsal  surface  of  the  en- 
tire specimen.    Reduced. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  the  disk. 

5.  Ophfotreta  eximia  from  station  5648;  ventral  surface. 

6.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  9. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiophthalmm  relictus  from  station  5648;  dorsal  surface.          a 

2.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

3.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiophthalmus  normani;  ventral  surface 

6.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  Ophiolimna  perflda  from  station  5619;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  The  same ;  lateral  view  on  an  arm. 

PLATE  10. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiamitra  dives  from  station  5543 ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  entire  speci- 
men.   Reduced. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  the  disk. 

5.  Ophientrema  leucostictum;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  with  the  arm  spines 

removed. 

PLATE  11. 

Ophfotreta  gratiosa. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5410;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5529 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5622;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5402 ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5623 ;  ventral  surface 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5626 ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5300 ;  ventral  surface.  • 

PLATE  12. 
Ophiotreta  matura. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5424 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5538 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5424;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5425 ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 
0.  A  specimen  from  station  5359 ;  dorsal  surface. 


456  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL,  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  13. 

Ophiotreta  matura. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5506 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5526 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5339;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5467;  ventral  surface. 
5 :  A  specimen  from  station  5499 ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  14. 
Ophiotreta  matura. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5424 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5538 ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5511 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  15. 

FIG.   1.  Ophiotreta  matura  from  station  5648;  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface 

of  the  disk. 

2.  Ophiotreta  matura  from  station  5424;  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  disk. 

3.  Ophiotreta  matura;  a  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  Ophiacantha  vorax  from  station  5606 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophialcaea  congesta  from  station  5219 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  16. 

. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiacantha  dollasii  from  station  5399;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Ophiacantha  dollasii  from  station  5135 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  Ophiotreta   valenciennesi   from    station    5306;     dorsal   surface   of   an 

arm. 

5.  Ophiacantha  henigna  from  station  5592;  ventral  surface 

6.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  Ophiacantha  duplex  from  station  5348;  dorsal  surface 

8.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 


PLATE  17. 

8 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 


FIG.  1.  Ophiacantha  severa  from  station  5629;  dorsal  surface. 


3.  Ophiacantha  severa  from  station  5645 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Ophiacantha  legata  from  station  5536;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophiacantha  longidens  from  station  5153 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

r 

PLATE  18. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiacantha  pacata  from  station  5589 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 


OPHIUEANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     457 

FIG.  4.  Ophiacantha  graphica;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophioplinthaca  hastata  from  station  5280;  dorsal  surface 

7.  Ophioplinthaca  hastata  from  station  5586 ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  19. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiacantha  confusa  from  station  5240;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophioplinthaca  chelys  from  station  5637 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiotreta  spatulifera  from  station  5629;  ventral  surface. 

6.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  20. 
Ophiotoma  assimilis. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5460 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5505 ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5460 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5450;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5460;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5647 ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  21. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiacantha  pentagona  from  station  5116 ;  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface 
magnified. 

2.  Ophiotrema  tertium  from  station  5349 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

4.  Ophiocopa  singwlaris  from  station  5173;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiocantha  pent&gona  from  station  5116;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Ophiotrcma  tertium  from  station  5349 ;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Ophiocopa  singularis  from  station  5348;  ventral  surface 

9.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  22. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiurothamus  stultus  from  station  5660 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm  toward  its  distal  extremity. 

5.  Ophiurothamnus  excavatus  from  station  5428;  lateral  view  of  disk. 

6.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm  in  the  distal  third. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

8.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  Ophiomitrella  exilis  from  station  5637 ;  ventral  surface. 

10.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

11.  Ophiomyces  delata  from  station  5651 ;  ventral  surface. 

12.  The  same ;  lateral  view. 

PLATE  23. 

FIG.  1.  Ophioripa  marginata  from  station  4781 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophiothamnus  venustus  from  station  5619;  ventral  surface. 


458  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED   STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

FIG.  4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiacantha  composita  from  station  5119;  ventral  surface. 

6.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  The  same ;  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified 

8.  Ophioripa  nugator  from  station  4781 ;  dorsal  surface 

9.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  24. 

FIG.  1.  Ophioplintliaea  rudte,  a  specimen  from  station  5450;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5618 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5606 ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5444 ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5450 ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

7.  Ophioplinthaca  globata  from  station  5187 ;  ventral  surface. 

8.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  25. 
Ophioplinthaca  globata. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5656 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5444 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5423 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5219 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  A  specimen  from  station  5123 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  26. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomedea  disorepans  from  station  5359;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  with 
the  arm  spines. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface, 

3.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  without  the  arm  spines. 

5.  Ophiomitrella  subjecta  from  station  5280 ;  dorsal  surface, 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  more  magnified. 

8.  A  specimen  from  station  5325 ;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  The  other  specimen ;  dorsal  surface.     v 

PLATE.  27. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomitrella  sagittata  from  station  5629;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface ;  more  magnified. 

4.  The  second  specimen  from  station  5629;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiocamax  rugosa  from  station  5275 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm  at  its  base,  more  magnified. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm  near  its  tip. 

9.  Ophiomitrella  sagittata  from  station  5623 ;  ventral  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     459 
:  PLATE  28. 

Ophiocamax  rugosa. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5167;  dorsal  surface 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Another  specimen  from  station  5167;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5187 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Another  specimen  from  station  5187;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  29. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiocamus  rugosa  from  station  5540;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5167;  a  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an 

arm. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5541 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5167 ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

7.  Ophiogema  punctata  from  station  5166;  internal  view. 

8.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

9.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  30. 

FIG.  1.  Ophioplinthaca  pulchra  from  station  5661 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5280 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  second  specimen  from  the  same  station ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  collected  by  the  Siboga;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Ophiomelina  placida  from  station  5661;  ventral  surface. 

9.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  31. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  hirsuta  from  the  Red  Sea ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5174 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophiothrix  longipeda  from  Samoa;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5558 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiothrix   expedita,    var.    rhabdota   from    Marongas;    dorsal   surface. 
6.  Ophiothrix  expedita  from  the  Sunda  Islands;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  32. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  aspidota  from  Trincomalee;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5321 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

5.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophiothrix  puncto-limbata  from  Amboina ;  dorsal  surface. 


460  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  33. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  striolata  from  station  5401 ;  dorsal  surface.    Reduced. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

3.  Ophiothrix   quinquemaculata  from  La  Ciotat;   ventral  surface  of  an 

arm. 

4.  Ophiothrix  aristulata  from  station  5523;   ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  Ophiothrix  expedita  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiothrix  expedita,  var.  rhabdota  from  Marongas ;  dorsal  surface  of  an 

arm. 

7.  Ophiothrix  aspidota  from  station  5321 ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

8.  A  specimen  from  Trincomalee ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

9.  Ophiothrix  longipeda  from   station  5558;   dorsal  surface   of  an   arm. 

10.  A  specimen  from  Samoa ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

11.  Ophiothrix  galatheae  from  Dumurug ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

12.  Ophiothrix  oltusa  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

13.  Ophiothrix  hirsuta  from  station  6174;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

PLATE  34. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  galatheae  from  Dumurug;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  Another  specimen  from  Dumurug;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  Billiton ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Another  specimen  from  Billiton;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiothrix  striolata  from  the  Sunda  Islands;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  35. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  aristulata  collected  by  the  Challenger;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5523;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5517 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Ophiothrix  fragilis   var.   pentaphyllum  from   the   coasts   of  England; 

dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  Belle  Isle;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  Saldanha ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  Luderitz  Bay ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  Ophiothrix  quinquemaculata  from  La  Ciotat;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  36. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  signata  from  station  5140;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Ophiothrix  proteus  from  station  5432 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiothrix  lepida  from  station  5153 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  37. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiogymna  pulchella;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

2.  Ophiothrix  capillaris  from  station  5536;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5440 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Ophiothrix  capillaris  from  station  5536 ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiogymna  pulchella  from  station  5132;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     461 

PLATE  38. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  propinqua  from  station  5108;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  the  Andaman  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophiothrix  plana  from  station  5179;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  the  Sunda  Islands;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Another  specimen  from  the  same  source ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  Ophiothrix  coespitosa  from  Port  Jackson ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

PLATE  39. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  prostata  from  station  5342;  dorsal  surface. 
2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 
3:  Ophiothrix  marenzelleri  from  Yenoshima ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

5.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophiothrix  pavida  from  station  5179;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface, 

PLATE  40. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  exigua  from  the  Sunda  Islands;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  entire  specimen. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5181 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5160 ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiothrix  coronata;  magnified  view  of  a  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface 

of  the  disk  and  of  the  beginning  of  an  arm  of  the  large  specimen. 

6.  Ophiothrix  pusilla  from  station  5218 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  41. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  coronata;  dorsal  surface  of  the  large  specimen. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5108 ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

3.  The  same;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm  of  the  second  specimen. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  the  specimen  represented  in  Figure  1. 

5.  Ophiomaza  fusca  from  station  5145;  ventral  surface. 

6.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  Ophiothrix  picteti  from  Amboina ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same;  dorsal  surface;  more  magnified. 

PLATE  42. 
Ophioffymna  fulgens. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5141 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5393 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5545 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5070 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5080;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5117 ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  A  specimen  from  station  5545 ;  dorsal  surface. 


462  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

PLATE  43. 

PIG.  1.  Ophiogymna  pellicula  from  the  Am  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 
2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Ophiogymna  elegans  from  station  5151 ;  dorsal  surface  of  a  very  young 
specimen. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5253 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5151 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5154 ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm 

near  its  origin. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5165 ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm 
near  its  tip. 

8.  A  specimen  from  station  5151 ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  Ophiogymna  fulgens  from  station  5151 ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 

an  arm  of  which  the  dorsal  plates  are  much  fragmented. 

10.  A  specimen  from  station  5545 ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

11.  Ophiogymna  pulchella  from  station  5133 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PIATE  44. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiogymna  funesta  from  station  5213;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  an  entire  specimen. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

4  and  5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surfaces  of  two  arms  from  two  different  speci- 
mens. 

6.  The   same;    dorsal  surface  of   the   disk  of  a   specimen   without   arm 

spines. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  a  specimen  furnished  with  large 

arm  spines. 

8.  Ophiogymna  fulgens   from  station   5545;   dorsal  surface  of  an  entire 

specimen.    Reduced. 

PLATE  45. 

Ophiothrix  koreana. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5179;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5116 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5373 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5187 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  4893 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  46. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  trilineata  from  Mauritius;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

4.  Ophiothrix  Jiybrida  from  station   5321;   dorsal   surface  of   tlie  entire 

specimen.    Reduced. 

5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

6.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  47. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  bellax;  dorsal  surface  of  the  entire  individual. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     46  & 

FIG.  4.  Ophiothrix  foveolata  from  station  5151 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Another  specimen ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  the  Sunda  Islands;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  48. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  vitrea  from  station  5593;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5139 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  entire  specimen  from  station  5593 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  specimen  from  station  5179;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

5.  Ophiothrix  infirma  from  station  5153 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  49. 
Ophiothrix  crassispina. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5168 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  Another  specimen;  dorsal  surface;  diameter  of  the  disk  4  mm. 

3.  Another  specimen;  dorsal  surface;  diameter  of  the  disk  4.5  mm. 

4.  5.  Another  specimen ;    dorsal  surface ;   diameter  of  the   disk  7.5  mm. 
6.  Another  specimen ;  diameter  of  the  disk  5.5  mm. 

PLATE  50. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  crassispina;  magnified  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface. 

2.  Ophiothrix   cumulata;   dorsal  surface   with  very   thick  dorsal  spines. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  less  magnified 

4.  The  same ;  transverse  section  of  a  thick  spine. 

5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  with  dorsal  spines  not  very  thick. 

6.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

7.  Another  specimen;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

8.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm  on  which  the  dorsal 

spines  are  strongly  thickened. 

PLATE  51. 
Ophiothrix  cumulata. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen   with   dorsal  arm   spines  not   thickened;    dorsal   surface. 

2.  Another  specimen  on  which  the  granules  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 

disk  are  more  developed ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  specimen  represented  in  Fig.  1;  ventral  surface. 

4.  Another  specimen ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  with  dorsal  arm  spiries  not  thickened ;  portion  of  the  sur- 

face of  an  arm. 

PLATE  52. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  cumulata;  dorsal  surface  of  a  young  specimen    (diameter 
of  the  disk  7  mm.). 

2.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

3.  Ophiothrix  crassispina;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm  of  a 

young  specimen  (diameter  of  the  disk  5  mm.). 

4.  A  still  younger  specimen;   portion   of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm 

diameter  of  the  disk  4.5  mm.). 


464  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  5.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiothrix  ciliaris  from  the  Paris  Museum ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  Another  smaller  specimen ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  Ophiothrix  miles  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 
10.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

PLATE  53. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  stelligera  from  station  5147 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  magnified  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  the  Philippines ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Another  specimen  from  station  5147;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

6.  Ophiothrix  ciUaris;  the  specimen  in  the  Paris  Museum ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  54. 
Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5145;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Another  specimen   from   station  5142;   portion   of  the  dorsal  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5141 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  55. 
Ophiothrix  stelligera. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  from  station  5144 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5146 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

PLATE  56. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  elegans  from  station  5179 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  Ophiothrix  stelligera  from  station  5147;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5142;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5139 ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5146; 'dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  57. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  spinosissima  from  station  5108;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Ophiothrix  armata  from  Banda;  dorsnl  surface. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  Celebes ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Ophiothrix  spinosissima  from  station  5165 ;  dorsal  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     465 

PLATE  58. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  deceptor  from  station  5414 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface.  , 

3.  Ophiothrix  purpurea  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiopteron  puncto-coeruleum  from  station  5150 ;  dorsal  surface  of  the 

entire  individual. 

6.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  59. 

Fio.  1.  Ophiothela  danae  from  station  5169;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Another  specimen  from  station  5151;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Ophiothela  vineula  from  station  5218 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiothrix  melanosticta ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  60. 

Fro.  1.  Ophiopteron  elegans  from  station  5150 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

3.  Ophiopteron  gratum  from  station  5152 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiopteron  elegans  from  station  5150;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  Ophfogymna  fulgens  from  station  4948  bearing  two  prosobranch  para- 

sites; ventral  surface. 

PLATE  61. 

Fio.  1.  Ophionereis  semoni  from  station  5249 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Ophiopholis  mirabilis  from  Hakodate;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Amphilimna  multispina  from  station  5375;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  of  the  largest  specimen.        v. 

6.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Another  specimen  from  station  5375 ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  62. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiocentrus  vexator  from  station  5181;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

3.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface  of  the  disk  of  the  second  specimen. 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

6.  Ophiactis  afflnis  from  the  Kei  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  Ophiocentrus  asper  from  station  5249;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of 

an  arm. 

8.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

9.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  63. 

FIG.  1.  Amphiaetis  duplicata  from  station  5658 ;  dorsal  surface. 
2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 
55269— 22— Bull.  100 30 


466  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

FIG.  3.  A  specimen  from  station  5348;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiactis  affinis;  ventral  surface  of  the  specimen  represented  in  plate  62, 

fig.  6. 

6.  Ophiactis  maculosa  from  station  5136;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  Ophiactis  profundi  from  station  5522. 

PLATE  64. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiactis  deftnita  from  station  5119 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  Another  specimen  from  the  same  station;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Amphioplus  impressus  from  station  5371;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  specimen  from  station  5369 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiactis  savignyi  from  station  5147 ;  ventral  surface  of  a  specimen  with 

five  arms. 

6.  Ophiactis  sa,vignyi  from  the  same  station ;  ventral  surface  of  a  specimen 

with  six  arms. 

7.  Ophiactis  definita;  dorsal  surface  of  the  specimen  represented  in  fig.  1. 

PLATE  65. 

FIG.  1.  Amphiura  vadicola  from  Otaru ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  Another  specimen ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

6.  Amphiura  uncinata  from  station  5123 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm  at  the  base. 

PLATE  66. 

FIG.  1.  Amphiura  commutata  from  Hakodate;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  entire  specimen. 

4.  Amphiura  dejecta  from  station  5592;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Amphiura  grandisquama  from  station  5348;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Another  specimen  from  the  same  station ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  67. 

FIG.  1.  Amphioplus  legatus  from  station  5119 ;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  arm,  more  magnified. 

4.  Amphioplus  conductus  from  station  5410 ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface 

of  an  arm. 

5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Amphiura  diomedeae  from  the  United  States  National  Museum;  dorsal 

surface. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  A  specimen  from  station  5111 ;  ventral  surface. 
10.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     467 

PLATE  68. 

FIG.  1.  Amphioplus  luctator  from  station  5358 ;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5339 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  Amphipholis  toripes  from  station  5375;  ventral  surface 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  Amphioplus  lucidus  from  station  5161;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Another  specimen  from  the  same  station ;  ventral  surface. 

8.  The  same;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

9.  A  specimen  from  station  5371 ;  ventral  surface. 
10.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  69. 

FIG.  1.  Amphiura  demissa  from  station  5492;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Amphiodia  debita  from  Otaru ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  Amphiura  amMgua  from  station  5158;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface 

of  an  arm. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Amphilepis  remittens  from  station  5637;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  Amphilepis  protecta  from  station  5359 ;  dorsal  surface. 

10.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

11.  Amphiodia  crassa  from  station  5282;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  70. 

FIG.  1.    Amphipholis  kochii  from  Hakodate ;  ventral  surface  of  the  entire  speci- 
men. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface,  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  Amphipholis  misera  from  station  5537 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5371 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  A  specimen  from  Hakodate ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  Amphioplus  relictus;  a  specimen  on  which  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 

disk  has  been  raised  to  show  the  mouthpieces  on  the  interior  surface. 

PLATE  71. 

• 
FIG.  1.  Ophiocentrus  aculeatus  from  station  5302 ;  dorsal  surface, 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk,  more  magnified. 

3.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  Amphioplus  relictus  from  station  5206 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5207 ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  Manila  Harbor;  ventral  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  Kagoshima ;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Another  specimen  from  Kagoshima ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  72. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiocoma  doderleini;  Loriol's  type;  dorsal  surface.    Reduced. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface.    Reduced. 

3.  The  same;  magnified  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface. 


468  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

Fio.  4.  Ophiomastis  annulosa  from  Nasugbu  reef;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  Ophiocoma  brevipes;  ventral  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  Mauritius ;  ventral  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  73. 

Fio.  1.  Ophiocoma  lineolata  from  Ceylon;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  Mauritius ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5109 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  specimen  from  Ceylon ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiocoma  scolopendrina;  the  dorsal  part  of  the  disk  is  raised  to  show 

the  mouthpieces  on  their  interior  surface. 

6.  Ophiocomina  nigra;  same  preparation. 

7.  Ophiocoma  crinaceus  from  station  5109;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  74. 
Ophiocoma  scolopendrina. 

FIG.  1.  A  specimen  with  the  upper  arm  plates  rather  small;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  the  Philippines;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  Batavia ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  Mauritius  with  the  upper  arm  plates  very  large ;  dorsal 

surface. 

7.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  75. 

Fio.  1.  Ophiocomina  nigra  from  the  Azores;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Another  specimen  from  the  same  region ;'  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  Sicily ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  Roscoff ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  the  Faroe  Islands ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  Ophiocoma  ivendtii  from  Samoa ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  76. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiochiton  fastigatus  from  station  5585;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5582 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5348 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5619;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5650 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5585 ;  ventral  surface. 

8.  A  specimen  from  station  5348 ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  Ophiochiton  ambulator  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  ventral  surface. 

10.  Ophiochiton  fasiigatus  from  station  5619;  dorsal  surface. 

11.  A  specimen  from  station  5582 ;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface. 

12.  Ophiochiton  ambulator  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

13.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     469 

PLATE  77. 

FIG.  1.  Bathypectinura  conspicua  from   the   Sunda   Islands;   ventral   surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5494 ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5114 ;  ventral  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5587 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5608 ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  A  specimen  from  station  5587 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  A  specimen  from  station  5657;  ventral  surface. 

8.  A  specimen  collected  by  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman;  ventral  sur- 

face. 
9  to  11.  The  three  specimens  from  station  5495;  ventral  surface. 

12.  A  specimen  collected  by  the  Travailleur  and  the  Talisman;  lateral  view 

of  an  arm. 

13.  A  specimen  from  station  5505 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

14.  A  specimen  from  station  5657 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

15.  A  specimen  from  station  5114 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

16.  Pectinura  acqualis  from  station  5415 ;  ventral  surface. 

17.  Another  specimen  from  the  same  station ;  ventral  surface. 

.ttf. 
PLATE  78. 

FIG.  1.  Crytopelta  tecta  from  station  5174;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  Ophiozonella  molesta  from  station  5154;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiozonella  casta  from  station  5428 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  Another  specimen ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  lateral  view. 

9.  Ophiozonella  media  from  station  5601;  dorsal  surface. 
10.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  79. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiopallas  paradoxa  from  station  5516;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophiozonella  subtilis  from  station  5371;  dors*al  surface. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiozonnella  molesta  from  station  5429 ;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophiopallas  paradoxa  from  station  5516 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

7.  Ophiopallas  valens  from  station  5178 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

8.  Ophiozonella  molesta  from  station  5114;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

9.  Ophiozonella  subtilis  from  station  5371;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

10.  Ophiozonella  molesta  from  station  5114;  dorsal  surface. 

11.  Ophiozonella  subtilis  from  station  5420;  ventral  surface. 

12.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

i 

PLATE  80. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiolepis  irreaularis  from  station  5253 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm.  w 

2.  Ophiopallas  valens  from  station  5178 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiolepis  irregularis  from  station  5253;  portion  of  the  ventral  sur- 

face of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiomusium  altum  from  station  5668 ;  dorsal  surface. 


470  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  7.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

8.  Ophiozonoida  obscura  from  station  5255;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

10.  Ophiolepis  irregufaris  from  station  5253;  dorsal  surface. 

11.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

12.  Ophiomusium  altum;  lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

13.  Ophiozonoida  obscura  from  station  5255 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

PLATE  81. 

FIG.  1.  Ophioconis  forbesi  from  La  Ciotat;  ventral  surface. 

2.  Ophiura  aequalis  from  station  5647;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

3.  Ophiopyrgus  planwlatus  from  station  5613;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  Ophiurodon  cinctus  from  station  5147;  ventral  surface. 

6.  Ophiura  aequalis  from  station  5647 ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  Ophiura  mitescens  from  Hakodate;  ventral  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

9.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

10.  Ophiura  aequalis  from  station  5647;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  82. 

FIG.  1.  Amphiophiura  fastigiata  from  station  5259;  lateral  view. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface,  more  magnified. 

5.  Amphiophiura  spatulifera   from   station  5274;   dorsal  surface  of   the 

specimen  B. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  specimen  A  from  station  5425 ;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

9.  Homalopliiura  inornata  from  station  5444 ;  dorsal  surface. 

10.  Amphiophiura  canaliculata  from  station  5356;  ventral  surface. 

11.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

12.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

13.  Amphiophiura    spatulifera    from    station    5274;    lateral    view    of    an 

arm. 

PLATE  83. 

FIG.  1.  Stegophiura  sterea  from  station  3771;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

4.  Stegophiura  sladeni  from  Hakodate ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

7.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

8.  Stegophiura  sterilis  from  station  5301;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

10.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 


11.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  the  disk. 

PLATE  84. 

FIG.    1.  Stegophiura  sladeni  from  Hakodate ;  ventral  surface  of  a  specimen  with 

four  arms. 
2.  Homalophiura  inflata  from  station  5660;  dorsal  surface. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.      471 

FIG.  3.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

4.  Amphiophiura  improba  from  station  5631 ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  Amphiophiura  pawpera  from  the  Sunda  Islands ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Amphiophiura  insolita  from  station  5297 ;  dorsal  surface. 

9.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

10.  Ophiura  sarsii  from  the  coasts  of  Norway ;  ventral  surface. 

11.  Another  specimen ;  ventral  surface. 

12.  Amphiophiura  sordida  from  station  5300;  ventral  surface. 

13.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  85. 

T 

FIG.  1.  Ophiura  flagellata  from  station  5647 ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

2.  Ophiura  fluctuans  from  station  5652 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Another  specimen;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiura  flagellata  from  station  5651 ;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  The  specimen  from  station  5647 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  86. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiura  flagellata  from  the  Andaman  Islands;  ventral  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5647 ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  Ophiomusium  lymani  from  station  5349;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiura  micrantha  from  station  5256 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  8,  9.  Ophiomusium  lymani  from  station  5349;  ventral  surface  of  three 

specimens. 
10.  Ophiu>ra  flagellata  from  station  5647 ;  ventral  surface  of  an  arm. 

PLATE  87. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomusium  spinulosum  from  station  5650;  ventral  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5651 ;  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

3.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

5.  The  specimen  from  station  5650 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  specimen  from  station  5651 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  at  its  base. 

7.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm  from  about  its  middle. 

8.  Ophiomusium  lunare  from  station  5444 ;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  88. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomusium  elegans  from  station  5428;  ventral  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5127 ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  The  specimen  from  station  5428;  portion  of  the  ventral  surface  of  an 

arm. 

4.  The  same;  portion  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  an  arm. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5623 ;  dorsal  surface. 

6.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  oblique  view  of  the  base  of  an  arm  to  show  the  radial 

granules. 


472  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  8.  A  specimen  from  station  5624 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 
9.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

10.  Opfiiomusium  simplex  from  station  5357;  dorsal  surface. 

11.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

PLATE  89. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomusium  facundum  from  station  5378;  ventral  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

3.  Ophiomusium  morio  from  station  5392;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  Ophiomusium  facundum  from  station  5378 ;  oblique  view  of  the  ventral 

surface  of  the  disk. 

6.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

7.  Ophiomusium  scalare  from  station  5135;  ventral  surface. 

8.  Ophiomusium  armatum  from  station  5428;  ventral  surface. 

9.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 
10.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

PLATE  90. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomusium  scalare  from  station  5135;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

3.  Ophiomusium  ligatum  from  station  5445;  ventral  surface. 

4.  The  same ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  The  same;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiomusium  fimbriatum  from  station  5614;  dorsal  surface. 

7.  The  same;  ventral  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

9.  Ophiomusium  impotens  from  station  5605 ;  dorsal  surface. 

10.  The  same ;  ventral  surface. 

11.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

PLATE  91. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiomusium  facetum  from  station  5263;  dorsal  surface. 

2.  A  specimen  from  station  5127 ;  ventral  surface. 

3.  A  specimen  from  station  5423 ;  dorsal  surface. 

4.  A  specimen  from  station  5114 ;  dorsal  surface. 

5.  A  specimen  from  station  5127 ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

6.  Ophiomusium  relictum  from  station  5641 ;  ventral  surface. 

7.  The  same;  dorsal  surface. 

8.  The  same ;  lateral  view  of  an  arm. 

PLATE  92. 

In  the  figures  on  this  plate,  as  well  as  on  those  following,  the  arm  spines  and 
tentacle  scales,  unless  otherwise  indicated,  are  from  the  proximal  third  of  the 
arms. 
FIG.  1.  Ophiomyxa    oengalensis;   arm    spines    from    different   heights   on    the 

arms.  • 

2.  Ophiomyxa  irregularis;  arm  spines: 

a,  from  the  base  of  the  arms. 

b,  from  the  terminal  third. 

c,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  extremity  where  the  arm  spines 

are  transformed  into  hooks  at  several  points. 


OPHIUKANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     473 

FIG.  3.  Ophiodera  neglecta;  a  and  6,  arm  spines : 

a,  from  the  base  of  the  arms. 

b,  from  the  terminal  third. 

c,  spinules  of  the  integuments  in  C. 

4.  Ophiobyrsella  intorta;  arm  spines : 

a,  ordinary  spines  at  the  beginning  of  the  arms. 
6,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  on  the  eame 
level. 

c,  spines  of  the  terminal  third. 

d,  first  ventral  spine  on  the  same  level. 

e,  spines  in  the  vicinity  of  the  extremity  of  the  arms. 

f,  first  ventral  spine  on  the  same  level. 

5.  Ophiogema  punctata;  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

6.  Ophiolimna  perfida;  granules  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

PLATE  93. 

PIG.  1.  Ophiophryxus  conftnis;  arm  spines : 

a,  toward  the  base  of  the  arms. 

b,  in  the  terminal  third. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  the  extremity  of  the  arms. 
2.  Astrocharis  virgo;  arm  spines. 

8.  Astroceras  pergamena;  arm  spines: 

a   and    &,    ordinary    arm    spines   on   the  ventral   surface   of   the 
arms., 

c,  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  arms. 

d,  spines   transformed   into    hooks   in   the   terminal   part   of   the 

arms. 

4.  Ophiacantha  composita;  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

5.  Ophiacantha  pentagona;  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk, 
(except  the  first  club  spine  on  the  left  shown  magnified). 

6.  Ophiotreta  valenciennesi ;  granules  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

7.  Ophiotreta  eximia;  club  spines  and  arm  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of 

the  disk. 

PLATE  94. 

FIG.  1.  Ophientrema  leucostictum ;  arm  spines : 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 
&,  second  ventral  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 
c,  ordinary  lateral  and  dorsal  arm  spines. 

2.  Ophiomitra  dives;  granules  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

3.  Ophiomelina  placida;  granules  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

4.  Ophiomitrella  subjecta-,  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

5.  Ophioplinthaca  pulchra;  granules  on  the   dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

a,  of  a  specimen  from  station  5280  collected  by  the  Albatross. 

b,  of  a  specimen  collected  by  the  Siboya  on  which  the  asperities  are 

larger. 

6.  Ophioplinthaca  globata;  granules,  club  spines,  and  spines  of  the  dorsal 

surface  of  the  disk  in  different  specimens. 

7.  Ophioplinthaca  hastata;  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

8.  Ophiocamax  rugosa;  club  spines  and  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 

disk. 


474  BULLETIN   100,   UNITED  STATES   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

PLATE  95. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiotreta  gratiosa;  club  spines  and  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
disk. 

2.  Ophiotreta  matura: 

a,  club  spines  and  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  in  dif- 

ferent specimens. 

b,  very  short  club  spines  of  the  specimen  from  station  5359. 

c  and  d,  the  first   (d)   and  second   (c)   ventral  arm  spines  trans- 
formed into  a  hook. 
e,  tentacle  scale. 

3.  Ophiophthalmus  relictus;  granules  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

4.  Ophiomitretta  sagittate;  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

PLATE  96. 

FIG.  1.  Ophioplinthaca  rudis;  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

2.  Ophiactis  savignyi;  arm  spines. 

3.  Amphiura  ambigua;  arm  spines. 

a,  second  and  third  spine. 
6,  fourth  spine. 

c,  first  ventral  spine. 

4.  Amphiura  uncinata;  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  the  base  of  the  arm. 

5.  Amphiura  vadicola;  arm  spines. 

a,  second  spine. 

b,  other  spines. 

6.  Amphiura  commutata: 

a,  arm  spines. 

b,  tentacle  scale. 

7.  Amphilimna  multispina: 

a,  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  arm  spine. 

8.  Ophiocentrus  aculeatus;  arm  spines. 

9.  Amphioplus  legatus;  arm  spines. 

10.  Amphioplus  lucidus;  arm  spines. 

a,  first  ventral  spine. 

b,  second  spine. 

c,  third  spine. 

11.  Ophiocentrus  vexator;  arm  spines. 

12.  Ophiocentrus  asper;  arm  spines. 

13.  Ophiomyces  delata;  arm  spines: 

a,  small  ventral  spines. 

b,  the  same. 

c,  lateral  and  dorsal  spines. 

14.  Ophiopholis  mirabilis;  first  ventral  arm  spine  and  granules  of  the  dor- 

sal surface  of  the  disk. 

o,  first  ventral  spine  in  the  first  third  of  the  arm. 

b,  first  ventral  spine  in  the  second  third  of  the  arm. 

c,  first  ventral  spine  toward  the  tip. 

d,  three  granules  of  different  sizes  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     475 

PLATE  97. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  aristulata: 

a,  arm  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 
6,  club  spinea  of  different  sizes. 

c,  club  spines  with  lateral  and  terminal  spinules. 

d,  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  in  the  terminal  part 

of  the  arms  (specimen  collected  by  the  Albatross). 

e,  hook  formed  by  the  first  ventral  arm  spine  in  a  small  sized  speci- 

men collected  by  the  Challenger. 

f,  two  tentacle  scales  on  the  same  level  with  c. 

2.  Ophiothrix  artnata: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

0,  tentacle  scale. 

3.  Ophiothrix  aspidota: 

a,  club  spines  on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

6,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  several  places. 

c,  second  and  third  arm  spine. 

d,  fourth  arm  spine. 

e,  tentacle  scale. 

4.  Ophiothrix  bellax: 

a,  club  spines  and  arm  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 
6,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook, 
c,  tentacle  scale. 
5.  Ophiothrix  capillaris: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 
&,  first  ventral  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

c,  second  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

d,  tentacle  scale. 
6.  Ophiothrix  deceptor: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 
6,  second  arm  spine. 
c,  tentacle  scale. 

PLATE  98. 
PIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  coronata: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  arm  plates. 

6,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  several  places. 

d,  second  and  third  arm  spine, 
c,  tentacle  scale. 

2.  Ophiothrix  crassispina: 

a,  tentacle  scale. 

6,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

c,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

d,  second  and  third  arm  spine. 

3.  Ophiothrix  cumulata: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk, 
fo,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 
c,  tentacle  scale, 
(f,  second  and  third  arm  spine. 

4.  Ophiothrix  exigua: 

c,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

1,  second  and  third  arm  spines. 
r%  tentacle  scale. 


476  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  5.  Ophiothrix  expedita: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

c,  second  arm  spine. 

d,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

e,  tentacle  scale. 
6.  Ophiothrix  foveolata: 

a,  tentacle  scale. 

b,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

d,  lateral  arm  spines. 

PLATE  99. 
FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  galatheae: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk  in  the  interradii, 

in  an  individual  from  Billiton. 

c,  various  lateral  arm  spines. 

d,  second  lateral  arm  spine. 

e,  third  lateral  arm  spine. 

f,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  some  distance 

from  the  disk. 

g,  first  ventral  arm  spine  nearer  the  disk. 

h,  first  ventral  arm  spine  at  the  beginning  of  the  arm. 
i,  tentacle  scale. 

2.  Ophiothrix  hirsuta: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  commencing  to  be  transformed  into  a 

hook. 

d,  tentacle  scale. 

e,  lateral  arm  spines. 

f,  second  arm  spine. 

g,  lateral  arm  spines  toward  the  extremity  of  the  arm. 

3.  Ophiothrix  hybrida: 

a,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  lateral  arm  spines. 

c,  tentacle  scale. 

d,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

4.  Ophiothrix  koreana: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal   surface  of  the  disk;  normal  forms. 

b,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk;  simplified  forms. 

c,  more   or   less   developed   spines   of   the   dorsal   surface   of   the 

disk. 

d,  second  arm  spine. 

e,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

f,  tentacle  scale. 

PLATE  100. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  infirma: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

d,  tentacle  scale. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     477 

FIG.  2.  Ophiothrix  longipeda: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

5,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  commencing  to  be  transformed  into  a  hook 

toward  the  base  of  the  arm., 

d,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  several  places. 

e,  second  arm  spine  on  the  same  level. 

f,  third  arm  spine  in  the  terminal  part  of  the  arm. 

g,  lateral  arm  spines. 

h,  a  lateral  arm  spine  toward  the  base  of  the  arms. 

3.  Ophiothrix  lepida: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

6,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

d,  second  arm  spine. 

4.  Ophiothrix  marenzelleri: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 
6,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

d,  second  arm  spine. 

€j  third  and  fourth  arm  spine. 

5.  Ophiothrix  melanosticta: 

a,  lateral  arm  spine. 

b,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

c,  club  spine  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

d,  club  spine  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

e,  tentacle  scale. 

ft  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook.  •-* 

ff,  third  arm  spine* 

h,  second  arm  spine  magnified. 

6.  Ophiothrix  martensi: 

a,  tentacle  scale. 

Z>,  arm  spines. 

c,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

PLATE  101. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  nereidina: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

b,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  three  successive  arm  spines. 
2.  Ophiothrix  plana: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 
6,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  dorsal  arm  spine. 

d,  second  and  third  arm  spine. 
3.  Ophiothrix  proteus: 

a,  lateral  arm  spines. 
6,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  tentacle  scale. 

d,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

e,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 


478  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  4.  Ophiothrix  propinqua: 
a,  tentacle  scale. 
&,  first  ventral  arm  spine  near  the  disk. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

d,  second  arm  spine. 

e,  third  arm  spine. 

f,  fourth  arm  spine 

g,  dorsal  spine. 

5.  Ophiothrix  spinosissima: 

a,  lateral  arm  spine. 
&,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  dorsal  spine. 

d,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

e,  tentacle  scale. 

6.  Ophiothrix  purpurea: 

a,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

d,  tentacle  scale. 

7.  Ophiothrix  punato  limbata: 

a,  second  and  third  arm  spines. 

6,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  several 

c,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

d,  tentacle  scale. 

8.  Ophiothrix  pusilla: 

a,  tentacle  scale.  .:.  , 

ft,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

c,  dorsal  arm  spine. 

d,  second,  third  and  fourth  arm  spines. 

PLATE  102. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothrix  striolata: 

a,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk, 
fo,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  second  arm  spine. 

d,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

2.  Ophiothrix  stelligera: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

b,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

c  and  d,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  with  three 
or  four  branches. 

e,  ordinary  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

f,  bifurcated  spines. 

3.  Ophiothrix  ciliaris: 

a,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

4.  Ophiothrix  trilineata: 

a,  lateral  arm  spines. 
6,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  tentacle  scale. 

d,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

e,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 


OPHIURANS  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  AND  ADJACENT  WATERS.     479 

FIG.  5.  Ophiothrix  vitrea: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

b,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

d,  second  arm  spine. 

e,  dorsal  arm  spine. 

PLATE  103. 

FIG.  1.  Ophiothela  danae: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  the  end  of  the 

arm. 

b,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  the  beginning 

of  the  arm. 

c,  arm  spines. 

2.  Ophiopteron  gratum: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

b,  tentacle  scale. 

c,  second  arm  spine. 

d,  third  arm  spine. 

e,  fourth  arm  spine. 

f,  fifth  arm  spine. 

3.  Ophiopteron  puncto  coeruleum: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

b,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  lateral  spine. 

d,  tentacle  scale. 

4.  Ophiopteron  elegans: 

a,  lateral  arm  spines. 

b,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

c,  second  arm  spine. 

d,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

e,  tentacle  scale. 

5.  Ophiogymna  pulchella: 

a,  various  arm  spines. 

b,  first  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

c,  second  arm  spine. 

d,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

e,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 
ft  tentacle  scale. 

6.  Ophiothrix  pentaphyllum  ;  vertebra  of  an  arm: 

a,  proximal  surface. 

b,  distal  surface. 
7.  Ophiogymna  elegan»: 

a,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

b,  second  arm  spine. 

c,  second  arm  spine  more  magnified. 

d,  various  arm  spines. 

e,  proximal  surface  of  a  vertebra. 

f,  distal  surface  of  the  same. 


480  BULLETIN  100,   UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 

FIG.  8.  Ophiogymna  fulgens: 

a,  second  arm  spine,  more  magnified. 

&,  club  spines  of  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

c,  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

d,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook. 

e,  lateral  arm  spines. 
/,  tentacle  scale. 

g,  proximal  surface  of  a  vertebra. 
h,  the  same,  distal  surface. 
9.  Ophiogymna  funesta: 

a,  lateral  arm  spines. 

I,  club  spines  of  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  disk. 

c,  first  ventral  arm  spine  transformed  into  a  hook  at  different  levels. 

d,  second  arm  spine. 

e,  dorsal  arm  spine. 

f,  proximal  surface  of  a  vertebra. 
ff,  the  same,  distal  surface. 


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lll|i^||il 

'kfli:   11 A  A* 


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INDEX. 


1'age. 
aculeatus,   Ophiocentrus 4, 196 


adspersus,    Ophiernus  . 

aequalis,  Ophioglypha. 

Ophiopeza 

Ophiura 

Pectinura  _. 


7,  440 

373 

337 

6,373 

6,  337 


aethiops.   Ophiocoma 

afflnis,    Ophiactis 4, 

Ophiothamnus 

agitata,    Amphiura .   4, 

alboviridis,   Ophiocentrus 

alexandri,   Ophiocoma 

altum,    Ophiomusium 7, 

ambigua,    Amphiura 4, 

americana,   Ophiomitrella 

Amphiactis   duplicata 4, 

partita 

Amphilepis    protecta 4, 

relmiftens 4,  202, 

Amphilimna    multispina 4,  183, 

Amphiocnida   aspera 

Amphiodia    crassa 4, 

debita 4,   168, 

partita 

Amphiophiura    canaliculata 6,  357, 

fastigiata 6,  359, 

improba G, 

insolita 6, 

paupera 6, 

radiata 6, 

sculptilis 6, 

sordida 6, 

spatulifera 6,  365, 

stellata 6, 

Amphioplus    conductus 4,172. 

impressa 

impressus 4, 

legatus 4,  169, 

lucidus 4,  176, 

luctator 178, 

relictus .    4, 

rhadinobrachius 4, 

Amphipholis  impressa 

kochii 4, 

loripes 4,  164, 

misera 4, 

Amphiura   agitata 4, 

ambigua 4, 

commutata 4,  152, 

crassa  

dejecta 4,  154, 

demissa, 4,  156, 

diomedeae 4, 

duplicata 

grandisquama 4, 

misera 

partita 

relicta  

uncinata 4, 

vadicola  _.  _   4, 


311 
186 
102 
151 
199 
311 
389 
152 
122 
204 
204 
202 
452 
452 
199 
167 
452 
204 
452 
4r,  2 
362 
362 
363 
363 
364 
364 
452 
369 
452 
174 
174 
452 
452 
452 
179 
183 
174 
163 
452 
165 
151 
152 
452 
167 
452 
452 
158 
204 
159 
164 
204 
179 
160 
161 


Page. 

anchilabra,   Ophiacantha 63 

annectens,    Ophiernus 440 

nnulosa,   Ophiolepis 434 

Ophiomastix 6,329 

antarctica,    Ophiolimna 15 

aristulata,   Ophiothrix 4,  205 

armata,  Ophiothrix 4,  208 

armatum,  Ophiomusium 7,  389 

asper,  Ophiocentrus 4,  199 

aspera,   Amphiocnida 199 

aspidota,    Ophiothrix 4,  209 

assimilis,   Ophiotoma 3,91 

aster,  Cryptopelta 15 

Asteronyx  loveni 2,  34 

Astroceras  pergamena 2,  33 

Astrocharis  virgo 2,  32 

Astrothamnus    deficiens 2,  35,  452 

Bathypectinura  conspicua 6,  342 

elata 342 

gotoi 342 

heros 342 

modesta 342 

tessellata 342 

bellax,  Ophiothrix 4,  211 

bengalensis,  Ophiomyxa 2,  17 

benigna,    Ophiacantha 3,  45 

bispinosa,  Ophiozona 422 

Ophiozonella 7,  422 

bollonsi,  Ophiocoma 311 

brachiatus,    Ophiocentrus 199 

brevipes,    Ophiocoma 6,  311,  319 

brevispina,  Cryptopelta 15 

Ophiocoma 311 

cacaotica,    Ophiomaza 5,299 

canaliculata,  Amphiophiura 6,  357 

Ophiocoma 311 

capillaris,   Ophiothrix 4,  214 

casta,  Ophiozona 423 

Ophiozonella 7,  423 

cataleimmoida,  Ophiacantha 122 

Ophiopthalmus 124 

chelys,  Ophiacantha 130 

Ophiomitra 131 

Ophioplinthaca 3, 131 

cincta,  Ophioconis 15,  351 

cinctus,  Ophiurodon 6,  351 

Clemens,  Ophioglypha 374 

Ophiura 6,374 

codonomorpha,     Ophiomitra 122 

codonomorphus,     Ophiophthalmus 124 

coerulescens,    Gymnophiura 375 

commutata,    Amphiura 4,  152 

composita,   Ophiacantha 3,  46 

conductus,  Amphioplus 4,  172 

conttnis,     Ophiophrixus 2,  30 

confusa,   Ophiacantha 3,47 

congesta,    Ophiacantha 85 

Ophialcoea 3,  85 

conjungens,    Ophiopeza 338 

conspicua,  Bathypectinura 6,  342 

Pectinura 342 

481 


482 


INDEX. 


Page. 

contrarius,    Ophiodoris 5,310 

coronata,    Ophiothrix 5,217 

crassa,  Amphiodia 4, 167 

Amphiura 167 

crassipes,  Neoplax 2,22 

crassispina,    Ophiothrix 5,218 

Cryptopelta  aster 15 

brevispina 15 

granulifera 15 

tecta 6,  350,  452 

cumulata,    Ophiothrix 5,220 

cupida,  Ophiurodon 15 

dallasii,    Ophiacantha 3,  49 

danae,    Ophiothela 5,  297 

debita,   Amphiodia 4,  168 

deceptor,   Ophiothrix 5,  225 

declinuns,   Ophioceramis 7,421 

deficiens,   Astrothamnus 2,  35 

definita,  Ophiactis 4, 187 

dejecta,  Amphiura 4,  154 

delata,    Ophiomyces 3,  41 

demissa,    Amphiura 4,  156 

diastata,   Ophiolimna 15 

dilatatus,    Ophiocentrus 199 

diomedeae,   Amphiura 4,  158 

diploa,    Ophiacantha 50 

discrepans,    Ophiomedea 3,  95 

dives,    Ophiomitra 3,  107 

divisa,  Homalophiura 387 

Ophioglyp'ha 387 

doderleini,    Ophiocoma 311 

dubia,     Ophionereis 5,  310 

duplex,   Ophiacantha 3,  50 

duplicata,  Amphiactis 4,  204| 

Ophiactis 204 

elata,  Bathypectinura 342 

Pectinura 342 

elegans,   Ophiarthrum 6,  331 

Ophiogymna 5,  281 

Ophiomusium 7,  391 

Ophioteron 5,  301 

Ophiothrix 5,  227,  281 

erinaceus,    Ophiocoma 6,  311,  322 

eurypoma,    Ophiacantha 122 

eurypomus,   Ophiophthalmus 124 

excavatus,   Ophiurothamnus 3,  105 

exigua,  Ophiothrix 5,  228 

exilis,    Ophiomitrella 3,  110 

eximia,    Ophiacantha 70 

Ophiotreta 3,70 

expedita,   Ophiothrix 229 

facetum,    Ophiomusium 7,  394 

facundum,    Ophiomusium 7,  398 

fastigatus,    Ophiochiton 5,  305 

fastigiata,    Amphiophiura 6,  359 

fimbriatum,    Ophiomusium 7,403 

flaccida,   Ophiomastix 6,  330 

flagellata,  Ophioglypha 6,  375 

Ophiura 375 

fluctuans,   Ophiura 6,  377 

forbesi,    Ophioconis 15 

foveolata,    Ophiothrix 5,  238 

fugiens,    Ophiocanops 2.  26 

fulgens,  Ophiogymna 5 

funesta,    Ophiogymna 5,  292 

fusca,  Ophiomaza 5,299 

galatheae,    Ophiothrix ..__  5,233 


Page. 

globata,  Ophioplinthaca 4,  130 

gorgonia,  Ophiarachnella 6,  339 

Pectinura 339 

gotoi,  Bathypectinura 342 

grandisquama,  Amphiura 4,  159* 

Ophiudoron 15 

granifera,  Ophiomitra 122 

graniferus,  Ophiophthalmus 124 

granulatus,  Ophiolipus 7,421 

granulifera,  Cryptopelta 15 

graphica,  Ophiacantha 51 

gratiosa,  Ophiacanthn 71 

Ophiotreta 3,71 

gratum,  Ophiopteron 5,  302 

^Gymnopelta  indica 15 

Gymnophiura  coerulescens 375 

habrotata,  Ophiomitra 102 

hastata,  Ophioplinthaca 4, 137 

hastatum,  Ophiocten 7,  388 

heros,  Bathypectinura 342 

Pectinura 342 

hirsuta,  Ophiothrix 5,  234 

Homalophiura  divisa 387 

inflata 6,386 

inornata 6,  387 

nana 386 

honorata,  Ophiarachnella 6,  340 

hybrida,  Ophiothrix 5,  239 

hylacantha,  Ophiacantha 122 

hylacanthus,  Ophiophthalmus 124 

imbricatus,  Ophioplocus 7,  435 

impotens,  Ophiomusium 7,  406 

impressa,  Amphipholis 174 

Amphioplus 174 

impressus,  Amphioplus 4,  174 

improba,  Amphiophiura 6,  362 

Ophioglypha 362 

inaequalis,  Ophiocentrus 199 

indica,  Gymnopelta 15 

inermis,  Ophiocampis 281 

infernalis,  Ophiarachnella 6,  341 

Pectinura 341 

infirma,  Ophiothrix 5,  241 

inflata,  Homalophiura 6,  386 

Ophioglypha 386 

Ophiura 386 

inornata,  Homalophiura 6,  387 

Ophioglypha 387 

Ophiura 387 

insolita,  Amphiophiura 6,  362 

intorta,  Ophiobyrsella 2,  27 

inutilis,  Ophiacantha 71 

Ophiocirce 7,  436 

irregularis,  Ophiolepis 7,  434 

Ophiomyxa 2,  17 

irrorata,  Ophioglypha 380 

Ophiura 6,380 

kinbergi,  Ophioglypha 381 

Ophiura 6.381 

kochii,  Amphipholis 4?  163 

koreana,  Ophiothrix 5,  242 

lambda,  Ophiacantha 64 

languida,  Ophiomitrella 122 

legata,  Ophiacantha 3, 53 

legatus,  Amphioplus 4.  169 

lepida,  Ophiothrix 5,  246 

lepidus,  Ophiothrix___  246 


INDEX. 


483 


Page. 

leucorhabdota,    Ophiacantha 122 

leucosticta,     Ophiacantha 85 

leucostictum,     Ophientrema 3, 85 

ligatum,    Ophiomusium 7,  408 

lineolata,    Ophiocoma 6,  324,  311 

longidens,    Ophiacantha 3,  55 

longipeda,    Ophiothrix 5,  235 

loripes,    Amphipholis 4,  164 

loveni,    Asteronyx 2,  34 

lubrica,    Ophiocoma 311 

luctator,    Amphioplus 4, 178 

lugator,    Amphioplus 179 

lunare,     Ophiomusium 7,  410 

liitkeni,    Ophiomastix :_  6,  330 

lymani,     Ophiomusium 7,411 

maculosa,     Ophiactis 190 

malignus,     Ophiodoris 5,  311 

marenzelleri,     Ophiothrix 5,  248 

marginata,    Ophioripa 3,  118 

marmorata,    Ophiocnemis 5,  296 

Ophiocoma 311 

martensi,  Ophiothrix 5,  250 

matura,  Ophiacantha 76 

Ophiotreta 3,  76 

media,  Ophiozona    depressa,    var 424 

Ophiozonella 7,  424 

depressa.,   var 424 

melanosticta,    Ophiothrix 5,  251 

micrantha,  Ophiura 6,383 

microphilax,  Ophiomitra 122 

miliaria,     Ophiuroconis 15 

minima,  Ophioleda 102 

mirabilis,    Ophiopholis 4    195 

Ophiolepis 195 

misera,    Amphipholis 4,  164 

Amphiura 164 

mitescens,    Ophiura 6.  383 

mitis,    Ophioplinthaca 140 

mixta,   Ophiomastix 6,  330 

modesta,    Bathypectinura 342 

Ophiactis 4 

Pectinura 342 

molesta.  Ophiozona 425 

Ophiozonella 7,  425 

monolepis,   Ophiuroconis 15 

morio,    Ophiomusium 7,  413 

multispina,   Amphilimna 4,  183 

mutata,  Ophiomitrella 122 

nana,  Homalophiura 386 

Ophioglypha 386 

Ophiura 386 

neglecta,  Ophiodera 2,  20 

Ophiomyxa 20 

Neoplax    crassipes 2,22.452 

nereidina,     Ophiothrix o.  252 

nitens,  Ophiarachnella 6,  341 

Pectinura 341 

nodosa,     Ophiogyptis 3, 40 

normani,  Ophiacantha 122 

Ophiophthalmus 124 

nugator,    Ophioripa 3,119 

obscura,  Ophiozonoida 7,  431 

obstricta,  Ophioceramis 38 

Ophiomoeris 3,  38 

obstrictus,  Ophiurases 38 


Page. 

oedidisca,  Ophiacantha 124 

Ophiosemnotes 124 

Opbiacantha  anchilabra 63 

benigna 3,  45,  452 

cataleimmoida 122 

chelys 130 

composita '. 3,  46 

confusa 3,  47 

congesta 85 

dallasii 3,  49 

diploa 50 

duplex 3,  50 

eurypoma 122 

eximia 70 

graphica 51,  452 

gratiosa 71 

hylacantha 122 

inutilis 71 

lambda 64 

legata 3,  53,  452 

leucorhabdota 122 

leucosticta 85 

longidens 3,  55 

matura 76 

normani 122 

oedidisca 124 

(Ophiotreta)      valenci- 

|  ennesi 84 

paeata 3,  57,  452 

pentagona 3,  59 

perfida 64 

placida 130 

relicta 122, 124 

severa 3,61,452 

valenciennesi 84 

vorax 3,  63 

Ophiactis  afflnis 4,186 

deflnita 4,  187,  452 

duplicata 204 

maculosa 190 

modesta 4 

profundi 4,192 

pteropoma 192 

savignyi 4,  193 

Ophialcoea   congesta 3,  85 

Ophiarachna   quinquespinosa 6,  331,  452 

Ophiarachnella  gorgonia 6,  339 

honorata 6,  340 

infernalis 6,341 

nitens 6,341 

Ophiarthrum  elegans 6,  331 

Ophientrema  leucostictum 3,  85 

Ophiernus  adspersus 7,  440 

annectens 440 

Ophiobyrsella    intorta 2,27,452 

Ophiocamax  polyploca 147 

rugosa 4,  147 

Ophiocampis  inermis 281 

Ophiocanops    fugiens__.  _  2,  26,  452 

Ophiocentrus  aculeatus 4,  196 

alboviridis 199 

asper 4,199 

brachiatus 109 

dilatatus 199 

inaequalis 199 


484 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Ophiocentrus  pilosus 199 

putnami 199 

semisquamatus 199 

verticillatus 199 

vexator 4,  200.  452 

Ophioceramis  declinans 7,  421 

obstricta 38 

tenera 40 

Ophiochiton    fastigatus 5,  305 

Ophiocirce  inutilis 7,  436 

Ophiocnemis  marmorata 5,296 

Ophiocnida  aspera 199 

Ophiocoma  aethiops 311 

alexandri 311 

bollo,nsi 311 

brevipes 6,  34,  319 

forevispina 311 

canaliculata 311 

doderleini 311 

erinaceus 311,  322 

lineolata 6,  311,  324 

lubrica 311 

marmorata 311 

parva 311 

pica 324 

pumila 312 

riisei 312 

sannio 324 

schb'nleini 312 

scolopendrina__  6,  312,  322,  325 

valenciae , 312 

variegata 312 

wendtii 6,  312,  328 

Ophioconis  cincta 351 

forbesi 15 

permixta 352 

Ophiocopa    singularis 3,98,452 

Ophiocten    hastatum 7,388 

pacificum 388 

Ophiodera  neglecta 2,  20 

Ophiodictys     uncinatus 3,  42,  452 

Ophiodoris  contrarius 5,  310 

malignus 5,  311 

Ophiogema    punctata 3,67,452 

Ophioglypha  aequalis 373 

Clemens 374 

divisa 387 

flagellata 37E 

improba 362 

inflata 386 

inornata 3g7 

irrorata 380 

kinbergi 381 

nana 386 

paupera 363 

radiata 363 

sculptilis 364 

sinensis 381 

sladeni 369 

sordida 364 

stellata 369 

Ophiogymna    elegans 5,  281 

fulgens 5,  288 

funesta 5,  292,  453 

pulchella 5,  295 

Ophiogyptis    nodosa 3,  40 

Ophioleda   minima 102 


Page. 

Ophiolepis   annulosa 434 

irregularis 7,434 

mirabilis 195 

superba 434 

Ophiolimna  Antarctica 15 

diastata 15 

papillata 15 

perflda 3,  64 

Ophiolipus    granulatus 7,421 

Ophiomastix  annulosa 6,  329 

flaccida 6,330 

liitkeni 6,330 

mixta 6,  330 

venosa 6,  331 

Ophiomaza  cacaotica 5,  299 

fusca 5,299,452 

Ophiomedea   discrepans 3,  95.  452 

Ophiomelina   placida 3,  130 

Ophiomidas  reductum 7,  434 

reductus 434 

Ophiornitra    chelys 131 

codonomorpha 122 

dives 3,107,452 

granifera 122 

habrotata 102 

microphilax 122 

Ophiomitrella  americana 122 

exilis _   3,  110,  452 

languida . 122 

mutata 122 

placida 122,  130 

sagitta 3,111,452 

subjecta 3,  114,452 

Ophiomoeris  obstricta 3,  38 

spinosa 3,  40 

tenera 3,  40 

Ophiomusium  altum 389 

armatum 7,  389,  452 

elegans 7,  391 

facetum 7,  394,  452 

facunclum1 7,  398,  452 

flmbriatum 7,  403,  452 

impotens 7,406.452 

ligatum .__   7,408,452 

lunare 7,410 

lymani 7,  411 

morio 7,  413,  452 

properum 7,  416 

relictum 7,  416 

sanctum 417 

scalare 7,  417 

simplex 7,  417 

spinulosum 7,  418,  452 

Ophiomyces   delata 3,41 

Ophiomyxa  bengalensis 2,  17 

irregularis 2,  17 

neglecta 20 

Ophionephthys   phalerata 161 

Ophionereis  dubia 5,  310 

semoni 5,  310 

Ophiopallas  paradoxa 7,  436 

valens 7,  437,  452 

Ophiopeza  aequalis 337 

conjungens 338 

yoldii 338 

Ophiopezella   spinosa 6,  338 


INDEX. 


485 


Page. 

Ophiopholis    mirabilis 4,  195 

Ophiophrixus    confinis 2,30,452 

Ophiophthalmus  cataleimmoida 124 

codonomorphus 124 

eurypomus 124 

graniferus 124 

hylancantlras 124 

normani 124 

placidus 130 

relictus 3,  124 

suspectus 3,  127,  452 

Ophioplinthaca  chelys 3,131 

globata 4,  132,  453 

hastata 4,  137,  453 

mitis 140 

pulchra 4,  140 

rudis 4,142 

Ophioplocus    imbricatus 7,  435 

Ophiopsammus   yoldii 338 

Ophiopteron   elegans 5,  301 

gratum 5,  302,  453 

puncto-coeruleum 5,  305 

Ophiopyrgus   -planulatus 6,  355,  453 

Ophioripa    marginata 3,  118,  453 

nugator __"__    3,  119,  453 

Ophiosemnotes  oedidisca 124 

Ophiothamnus  afflnis 102 

remotus 102 

stultus 104 

venustus 3,  100,  102 

vicarius 102 

Ophiothela  danac 5,297 

vincula 5,298 

Ophiothrix  aristulata 4,205 

armata  __.         4,208 

aspidota 4,  200 

beillax 4,  211,  453 

capillaris 214 

coronata 5,  217 

crassispina 5,  218 

cumulata  _.  —   5,  220,  453 

deceptor__  5,225,453 

elegans 5,227,281 

exigua 228 

expedita -   5,  229 

var.    rhabdota— _        230 

foveolata 5,  238 

galatheae__  5,  233 

hirsuta 5,234 

hybrida  _.      5,  239 

Snfirma—      5,241 

korfana 5,  242 

lepida---  5,246 

lepidus 246 

longipeda 5,  235 

marenzelleri 5,248 

martens! 5,250 

melanosticta 5,  251 

nereidina 5,  252 

pavida ._  5,  252,.  453 

plana 5,  255 

propinqua 5,  256 

prostrata 257,  453 

proteus 5,260 

purperea 5,261 

pusilla--  -__  5,  262 


Page. 

Ophiothrix  rhabdota 230 

signata 5,  263,  453 

spinosissima 5,  266 

stelligera 5,  267 

striolata 5,  277 

trilineata 5,  279 

vitrea 279 

Ophiotoma    assimilis 3,  91 

Ophiotrema    tertium 3,88,453 

Ophiotreta    eximia 3,  70 

gratiosa 3,  71 

matura 3,  76 

spatulifera 3,  81,  453 

valenciennesi 3,  84 

Ophiotriton    semoni 310 

Ophiozona  bispinosa 422 

casta 423 

depressa,  var.  media 424 

molesta 425 

Ophiozonella  bispinosa 7,  422 

casta 7,423 

depressa,    var.    media 424 

media 7,424 

molesta 7,  425 

subtilis 7,428,453 

Opbiozonoida    obscura 7,  431,  453 

Ophiura  aequalis 6i,  373 

clemens 6,  374 

flagellata 6,  375 

fluctuant 6,  377,  453 

inflata 38<3 

inornata 387 

irrorata 6,  380 

kinbergi 6,  381 

micrantha 6,  383 

mitescens 6,  383,  453 

nana 380 

sarsii 6,  380 

stiphra 369 

Ophiurases    obstrictus 38 

Ophiuroconis  miliaria 15 

monolepis 15 

pulverulenta 15 

Ophiurodon  cincta 15 

cinctus 6,  351 

cupida 15 

grandisquama 15 

permixta 15 

permixtus 6,  352 

Ophiurothamnus  exeavat.us 3,  105,  453 

stultus 3,  104 

pacata,  Ophiacantha 3,  57 

pacificum,  Ophiocten 388 

papillata.  Ophiolimna 15 

paradoxa,  Ophiopallas 7,  436 

partita,   Amphiactis 204 

Amphiodia 204 

Amphiura 204 

parva,  Opbiocoma 311 

paupera,  Amphiophiura 6,  363 

Ophioglypha 363 

pavida,  Ophiothrix 5,  252 

Pectinura  aequalis 6,  337 

conspicua 342 

elata 342 

gorgonia 339 


486 


INDEX. 


Vctinura  heros 

infernalis 
modesta  _ 

nitena 

tessellata 


Page. 
342 
341 
342 
341 
342 


yoldii 6,  338 

pentagona,  Ophiacantha 3,  59 

perfida,  Ophiacantha 64 

Ophiolimna 3,  64 

pergamena,  Astroceras 2,  33 

permixta,  Ophioconis 352 

Ophiurodon 15 

pennixtus,  Ophiurodon 6,  352 

phalerata,  Ophionephthys 161 

pica,  Ophiocoma 324 

pilosus,  Ophiocentrus 199 

placida,  Ophiacantha 130 

Ophiomelina 3,  130 

Ophiomitrella 122, 130 

placidus,  Ophiophthalmus 130 

plana,  Ophiothrix — 5,  255 

planulatus,  Ophiopyrgus 6,  355 

polyploca,  Ophiocamax 147 

profundi,  Ophiactis 4,  192 

proporum,  Ophiomusium 7,  416 

propinqua,  Ophiothrix 5,  256 

prostrata,  Ophiothrix 257 

protecta,  Amphilepis 4,  202 

proteus,  Ophiothrix 5,260 

pteropoma,  Ophiactis 192 

pulchella,  Ophiogymna 5,  295 

pulchra,  Ophioplinthaca 4,  140 

pulverulenta,  Ophiuroconis 15 

pumila,  Ophiocoma 312 

punctata,  Ophiogema 3,  67 

puncto-coeruleum,  Ophiopteron 5,  305 

purpurea,  Ophiothrix 5,  261 

pusilla,  Ophiothrix 5,  262 

putnami,  Ophiocentrus 199 

quinquespinosa,  Ophiarachna 6,  331 

radiata,  Amphiophiura 6,  363 

Ophioglypha 363 

roductum,  Ophiomidas 7,  434 

reductus,  Ophiomidas 434 

relicta,  Amphiura 179 

Ophiacantha 122,  124 

relictum,  Ophiomusium 7,  416 

relictus,  Amphioplus 4,  179 

Ophiophthalmus 3,  124 

remittens,  Amphilepis 4,  202 

remotus,  Ophiothamnus 102 

rhabdota,  Ophiothrix 230 

expedita  var__  230 

rhadinobrachius,  Amphioplus 4,  183 

riisei,  Ophiocoma 312 

rudis,  Ophioplinthaca 4,  142 

rugosa,  Ophiocamax 4,  147 

sagitta,  Ophiomitrella 3,111 

sanctum,  Ophiomusium 417 

sannio,  Ophiocoma 324 

sarsii,  Ophiura 6,386 

savignyi,  Ophiactis 4, 193 

scalare.  Ophiomusium 7,  417 

schonleini,  Ophiocoma 312. 

scolopendrina,  Ophiocoma-  6,  312,  322,  325 


Page. 

sculptilis,   Amphiophiura 6,  364 

Ophioglypha 364 

semisquamatus,     Ophiocentrus 199 

semoni,  Ophionereis 5,  310 

Ophiotriton 310 

severa,  Ophiacantha 3,  61 

signata,    Ophiothrix 5,  263 

Simplex,  Ophiomusium 7,417 

sinensis,    Ophioglypha 381 

singularis,    Ophiocopa 3,98 

sladeni,  Ophioglypha 369 

Stegophiura 6,  369 

sordida,  Amphiophiura 6,  364 

Ophioglypha 364 

spatulifera,  Amphiophiura 6,  365 

Ophiotreta 3,  81 

spinosa,  Ophiomoeris 3,  40 

Ophiopezella 6,  338 

spinosissima,    Ophiothrix 5,266 

spinulosum,  Ophiomusium 7,  418 

Stegophiura  sladeni 6,  369 

sterilis 6,  370,  453 

stellata,  Amphiophiura 6,  369 

Ophioglypha 369 

Ophiothrix 5.  267 

sterilis,    Stegophiura 6,370 

stiphra,    Ophiura 369 

striolata,   Ophiothrix 5,  277 

stultus,  Ophiothamnus 104 

Ophiurothamnus 3,  104 

subjecta,  Ophiomitrella 3,  114 

subtilis,     Ophiozonella 7,  428 

superba,    Ophiolepis 434 

suspectus,     Ophiophthalmus 3,  127 

tecta,    Cryptopelta 6,  350 

tenera,  Ophioceramis 40 

Ophiomoeris 3,  40 

tertium,    Ophiotrema 3,  88 

tessellata,    Bathypectinura 342 

Pectinura 342 

trilineata,    Ophiothrix 5,  279 

uncinata,    Arophiura 4,  160 

uncinatus,    Ophiodictys 3,  42 

vadicola,    Amphiura 4,  161 

valenciae,   Ophiocoma 312 

valenciennesi,  Ophiacantha 84 

(Oph  io- 
treta)_         84 

Ophiotreta 3,  84 

valens,    Ophiopallas 7,437 

variegata,    Ophiocoma 312 

venosa,    Ophiomastix 6,  331 

venustus,  Ophiothamnus 3,  100,  102 

verticillatus,   Ophiocentrus 199 

vexator,    Ophiocentrus 4,  200 

vicarius,  Ophiothamnus 102 

vincula,    Ophiothela 5,  298 

virgo,    Astrocharis 2,  32 

vitrea,    Ophiothrix 279 

vorax,    Ophiacantha 3,  63 

wendtii,   Ophiocoma 6,  312,  328 

yoldii,   Ophiopeza 338 

Ophiopsammus 338 

Pectinura  _.  _  6,  338 


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